上海市嘉定一中、晋元高级中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷

上海市嘉定一中、晋元高级中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期中考试 英语试卷 考试时间：105分钟 满分：115分 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Jane Goodall: The Woman Who Redefined Mankind On 14 July 1960, 26-year-old Jane Goodall arrived at Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania, where she began pioneering study of chimpanzee behaviour. Without any formal scientific degree, she observed her subjects with an open mind and recorded what she saw, (1) ______ than what she had been taught to expect. Her approach, (2) ______ unconventional, soon transformed the way scientists viewed animal intelligence. In 1964, Goodall's late husband, Dutch photographer Hugo van Lawick, captured an iconic photo of her reaching out to a young chimp named Flint, (3) ______ curious eyes reflected the same gentleness she showed. (4) ______ (publish) in National Geographic the following year, the image became a symbol of empathy between humans and animals. Goodall later said that when she first saw this image she was reminded of Michelangelo's Creation of Adam. This image and the documentaries that followed “forced science to abandon the idea that humans were the only perceptive beings,” Goodall recalled. Her discoveries—such as chimpanzees using tools to catch termites (白蚁)—challenged long-held beliefs about (5) ______ separated humans from other species. Although lacking formal qualifications, Goodall devoted more than twenty years to (6) ______ (study) chimpanzees in Gombe. She believed that because she had entered research before she was influenced by (7) ______ in the academic world, she was able to observe animals more naturally. And because she wasn't limited by heavy academic training, she (8) ______ go in as a free thinker and interpret what she saw through intuition and patience. Even today, Goodall's legacy continues to inspire countless researchers who seek (9) ______ (understand) how humans are connected to the animal world. While technology has changed the way research (10) ______ (do), the spirit of curiosity and respect that defined Goodall's work remains timeless. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. awaken B. boldly C. conscience D. cultivated E. flavouring F. harvests G. literally H. ripens I. steak J. substitutes K. upgrade Lab to Table: A Taste of the Future At Green Americana, a pop-up restaurant in San Francisco, diners are served dishes that look and taste familiar—but with a futuristic twist. The “chicken-fried (11) ______” contains no beef or chicken, the espresso (浓咖啡) martini (马丁尼酒) has never seen a coffee bean, and the pork meatballs are made without harming a single pig. The idea came from Xander Balwit, a writer who wanted to show what fine dining might look like in 2055. Instead of treating lab-grown and plant-based foods as poor (12) ______, she imagined a world where such ingredients are valued as gourmet cuisine. She hoped her project would (13) ______ greater curiosity about how science and sustainability could reshape what we eat. Many ingredients at Green Americana have been given an ethical (道德的) and technological (14) ______. One of the restaurant's specialty meat dishes is made of plant protein created by an Israeli company called Redefine Meat. Since plant proteins absorb seasonings more quickly than animal meat, the chefs can experiment more (15) ______ with flavour. The pork meatballs were made by Mission Barn, a company that grows meat from animal cells. The sample came from a pig named Dawn, who now enjoys her retirement on a farm. By combining (16) ______ fat with plant protein, the company produces meat that feels and tastes remarkably real—without traditional farming. Even the drinks show creative science. The espresso martini is made with coffee-like (17) ______ created from chickpeas and green tea. This innovation could help protect coffee production, which is threatened by climate change. Another creation is vegan butter made by a firm called Savor. It uses carbon dioxide and hydrogen instead of plant oils, offering a way to (18) ______ “eat away” at climate change by turning greenhouse gases into food. Not every invention is about solving global problems. The pink pineapple, used in dessert, was genetically modified simply to keep its lovely colour as it (19) ______. The overall experience, both delicious and surprising, suggests that the future of food may be driven as much by creativity as by (20) ______. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How to Enhance Humans Bryan Johnson wants to live forever. The American businessman takes around a hundred pills a day, never eats after 11 a.m., and closely monitors dozens of his body's (21) ______. His goal, he says, is not merely to extend his life but to overcome death (22) ______. Strange though he seems, Mr. Johnson is part of a growing movement that views the human body as hardware to be enhanced, upgraded, and optimized. (23) ______ “human enhancement,” he and others, including Peter Thiel and Elon Musk, are exploring life-extension drugs, brain implants, and techniques designed to sharpen both mind and body. It would be easy to (24) ______ this pursuit as fanciful, full of dreamers and echoes of controversial science. Yet human enhancement is not entirely (25) ______. Medicine has long focused on restoring health; why not also strengthen the (26) ______? The key challenge is to encourage serious research while (27) ______ unsafe or unreliable practices. Those who desire to become superhuman have many (28) ______. Some are familiar: a diabetes drug called metformin that appears to extend life in mice, though its effect on humans remains (29) ______. Other substances, like energy boosters or hormones, are said to improve cognition or physical performance. Supplements that (30) ______ cell repair may also help slow aging. (31) ______ biohackers can go even further. In some places with fewer regulations, people experiment with genes that may promote muscle growth or delay aging. Brain-computer interfaces link the brain directly to machines; Neuralink has enabled disabled patients to control devices with remarkable (32) ______. Musk argues that only humans who can achieve “(33) ______ with artificial intelligence” will remain relevant in a world of intelligent machines. Human enhancement faces challenges. It combines genuine science with risky methods, which can (34) ______ investment and slow progress. Governments could support the field by allowing controlled trials and updating regulations that currently focus only on treating illness. Done safely, the potential benefits are enormous: people could live longer, healthier, and more capable lives. (35) ______, ethical concerns remain, including unfair advantages for the wealthy. 21. A. biomarkers B. displays C. structures D. courses 22. A. medically B. diligently C. entirely D. relatively 23. A. In honour of B. On account of C. In the name of D. At the risk of 24. A. celebrate B. dismiss C. embrace D. address 25. A. unrealistic B. innovative C. feasible D. temporary 26. A. elderly B. lively C. wealthy D. healthy 27. A. advocating B. overtaking C. integrating D. eliminating 28. A. issues B. options C. causes D. demands 29. A. personal B. unconfirmed C. obvious D. inevitable 30. A. speed up B. hold back C. take over D. cut off 31. A. Intelligent B. Rebellious C. Adventurous D. Selfless 32. A. automation B. precision C. movements D. instincts 33. A. consistency B. agreement C. compromise D. interaction 34. A. interrupt B. guarantee C. discourage D. regulate 35. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Thus D. Still Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I grew up in a football-loving family. My dad had once played for the Liverpool FC Boys until injury forced him to stop. My parents met at Anfield and fell in love as teenagers, and my sister Stevie trained with Crewe Alexandra girls as a left back, just like our hero Jamie Carragher. I remember the exact moment I told my dad I wished to follow Stevie. We were watching a match in the living room when I blurted out: “It makes me sad I can't be a footballer.” When he asked why not, I replied: “Because I'm not a boy.” At school, sports carried unspoken rules: hockey and netball for girls, football and rugby for boys. I had never seen a women's match on TV; the only female athletes I knew were from the Olympics. Representation matters more than people often realize. In the words of Marian Wright-Edelman, “You can't be what you can't see.” Without visibility, entire groups are misunderstood or ignored, and at worst reduced to stereotypes or discrimination. Lack of role models shaped not only how I saw myself but also the choices I thought were possible. Today, things are shifting. The Lionesses will face Scotland in the World Cup, with almost a million tickets already sold. Women's football has proved one of FIFA's smartest investments. Yet the gap remains stark: most female players in top leagues earn far below a fair wage, and prize money exposes the divide — £24m for the women's champions compared with £315m for the men's. Defenders of this disparity argue that women's football draws fewer viewers and therefore less money. But visibility requires investment. Without coverage, the cycle repeats: low awareness leads to lower demand, which then justifies limited support. Yet the surge in recent years shows the audience exists when the game is given a platform. Today, I'll be cheering on the Lionesses, and “It's coming home” will mean more this time around, because it'll mean talented, skilful female footballers being broadcast into millions of homes and maybe, just maybe, a little girl believing that she too can be a Lioness one day. 36. Why does the author quote Marian Wright-Edelman's words “You can't be what you can't see”? A. To highlight that children need role models to follow. B. To argue that society should create equal chances in sports. C. To emphasize that sports items can symbolize female athletes. D. To suggest that schools should teach all sports to both genders. 37. What does “this disparity” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. The difference in audience size for men's and women's football. B. The unequal funding and prize money between men and women. C. The insufficient media attention and support for women's football. D. The gap in public interest between male and female football. 38. We can conclude from the last paragraph that the narrator's tone is ______. A. neutral B. critical C. hopeful D. doubtful 39. Which of the following best expresses the main theme of the passage? A. Women's football cannot equal men's in popularity or pay. B. Representation and visibility inspire girls to play football. C. Football talent is passed down through family. D. Sports profit results from enormous investment. (B) Five of the Smartest Robots in History 1966 ELIZA One of the first example of a chatterbot. When running a script labelled with DOCTOR, ELIZA could ask and answer questions like a psychotherapist. It didn't understand a great deal, but with some clever programming was still able to convince many users of its intelligence. 1994 VIRTUAL CREATURES Computer artist and researcher Karl Sims created a group of virtual creatures that lived in their own virtual universe. Using genetic algorithms (算法), they evolved until they could swim, crawl, jump and compete against one another. Unfortunately, they were too concerned with their own virtual lives to talk to us. 1997 DEEP BLUE Deep Blue was thrown into public consciousness when it won a chess game against grandmaster Garry Kasparov—the first supercomputer to make such a great achievement. However, it was given a lot of help from human programmers and used pretty basic AI methods to think of its moves, so maybe it was not so bright after all. 2011 IBM WATSON IBM Watson was the first AI that beat human players at US TV quiz show Jeopardy!. This AI was clever enough to process text and then found likely answers to the question asked using its internal body of knowledge, which consisted of around 200 million pages of content. Sadly, it struggled to answer some basic questions. 2015 DEEP-Q NETWORK This earlier work from the team behind AlphaGo, the AI that defeated a master of the complex Japanese strategy game Go, learned how to play 49 classic Atari games just by looking at the screen—it didn't get any help from programmers. While it was brilliant at a lot of the games, it couldn't get the hang of Pac-Man. 40. Which pair of robots introduced above were actually unintelligent? A. ELIZA and DEEP BLUE. B. DEEP BLUE and IBM WATSON. C. DEEP-Q NETWORK and ELIZA. D. IBM WATSON and DEEP-Q NETWORK. 41. DEEP BLUE and DEEP-Q NETWORK differ from each other in ______. A. how many methods they can apply B. whether they have the ability to learn C. whether they have beaten human players D. how they have caught the public attention 42. Which of the following statements is true of VIRTUAL CREATURES? A. They looked like space creatures. B. They were unable to respond to people. C. They could swim as soon as they were created. D. They led to the application of genetic algorithms. (C) Governments are addressing both immediate economic recovery from the global financial crisis and long-term prevention of future crises. At a December meeting, leaders are likely to agree that previous loose financial regulations need tightening. However, the current global financial system's complexity poses new challenges. How can we redesign it to prevent future breakdowns? Experts suggest starting with insights from complexity science, which reveals that large interconnected systems, like ecosystems, can unexpectedly change due to small things. Applying these insights offers hope for better managing the financial system, despite acknowledging associated costs. Traditional economic policies assume separate and simple markets, ignoring how interconnected transactions (交易) influence each other. Complexity theorists compare the financial system to an ecosystem where minor changes can lead to crises. For instance, rising debt levels over time might have set the stage for today's financial challenges, stimulated by events like a bank collapse. A major problem is the increased flow of money across borders, boosting global prosperity but also spreading local shocks worldwide. Nobel winner Paul Krugman notes that since 1995, cross-border investments have speeded up the global spread of crises, exposing systemic weaknesses. Complexity experts criticize financial firms for assessing risks transaction by transaction without considering how they're interconnected, which can intensify risks across the entire system. They advocate introducing “firebreaks” in the financial network to reduce connectivity and restore diversity, essential for durability against shocks. However, implementing such changes faces resistance from an industry that prioritizes streamlined operations for profit. Yet, restoring diversity and managing connectivity are crucial, similar to maintaining ecological flexibility in changing environments. Bar-Yam stresses the need for accurate scientific modeling and verification of economic policies, similar to approaches in other scientific fields. This is essential for informed policymaking that acknowledges the complexity and unpredictability of market behaviors. In summary, while policymakers are beginning to grasp the systemic risks posed by financial interdependence, effectively reshaping the global financial system will require addressing complex challenges and adopting strict scientific methods in policymaking. 43. According to the passage, what do the financial system and ecosystems have in common? A. In both of them, each input is reacted to consistently. B. In both of them, each step has its isolated outcome. C. In both of them, future breakdowns are most likely to be predicted. D. In both of them, minor changes can lead to significant consequences. 44. According to the passage, what strategy do complexity experts recommend to avoid systemic risks? A. Decreasing interdependence within the financial network. B. Encouraging interconnectedness among financial institutions. C. Assessing the risk of each transaction in more scientific ways. D. Ignoring minor changes in financial markets to maintain stability. 45. What approaches does Bar-Yam advocate for effective policymaking in managing financial complexities? A. Introducing scientific modeling. B. Relying on traditional economic models. C. Prioritizing industry interests over systemic risks. D. Comparing new economic policies with old ones. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. The impact of climate change on financial markets. B. The historical development of global financial regulations. C. Strategies for maximizing short-term profits in the financial system. D. The challenges of managing interconnectedness in the financial system. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. The idea started as a father-son bonding project, he told msn.com. B. It has nothing to do with how well it's received; it's about how much it's needed. C. Please post more pictures of you in sleeveless shirts. D. I want people who are burning cardboard because they've got nothing. E. So much stress and anxiety is off my shoulders. F. Please help me and my boys make sure NO ONE GOES COLD IN OUR HOOD. “No One Goes Cold!” Washington is home to lots of trees — it is the Evergreen State, after all—and lots of fireplaces and wood-burning stoves too. But what if you lived there and couldn't chop wood or couldn't afford to pay someone to do it? Luckily, Shane McDaniel and his twin sons, Harrison and Henry McDaniel, 21, are happy to lend an ax. The three men chop truckloads of wood—then donate it to those in need. “______47______” That's how Shane explained to heraldnet.com. “Or someone who has a broken shoulder and can't cut wood.” ______48______ “I had to cut wood along with my dad. He just loved doing it,” says Shane, 48, a divorced father of six. He wanted to pass along that feeling, so he and the twins spent the summer of 2018 like a clan of Paul Bunyans. The result was a great wall of wood piled up around their house in Lake Stevens, 35 miles outside of Seattle. Technically, it was 40 cords—a cord measures four feet high, four feet wide, and eight feet deep. To buy that much would cost about $10,000. It was too much for the McDaniels to use themselves, and when the weather turned cold that November, Shane started thinking of others. He posted on Facebook: “IF YOU ARE IN NEED OF FIREWOOD AND CANNOT AFFORD IT, PLEASE PM [personal message] ME!...If you know someone who BURNS WOOD, and they're looking at a cold house this holiday season, please help ______49______” The response was immediate. One man offered to donate a wood-burning furnace. Others raced over to Norm's, the mini-mart Shane owns, with more wood for the pile. One woman, noticing the photo of the buff McDaniel men in the Facebook post, started to feel warm in other ways: “______50______ I don't need the wood. But truly I appreciate the eye candy!” III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Cooling Dilemma (困境) Air-conditioning has quietly shaped modern life, yet it remains one of the world's most overlooked industries. Invented around the same time as the automobile, it has transformed where people live and work. However, unlike cars, air-conditioners have drawn little criticism for their environmental impact or energy use. Few hot countries even have clear rules to control their growing energy consumption. Environmentalists who call cooling “a luxury we cannot afford” have a point. In the next decade, as many new units will be installed worldwide as were added between 1902 and 2005. Since most electricity still comes from fossil fuels, these machines will further worsen global warming. Air-conditioning thus creates a vicious cycle: the hotter the planet gets, the more people rely on cooling—and the more they use it, the hotter the planet gets. Reducing this impact requires three major changes. First, air-conditioners must become far more efficient. The best models use only a third as much power as average ones, so higher performance standards are needed, especially in countries that have none, to push the average unit's performance closer to the standard of the best. Second, manufacturers must replace harmful refrigerants. Some, such as hydrofluorocarbons, trap over a thousand times more heat than carbon dioxide. The Kigali amendment aims to phase them out, but countries like the United States have yet to approve it. Finally, more could be done to design offices, malls and even cities so they do not need as many air-conditioners in the first place. Overhanging roofs, shaded balconies, natural ventilation, and even white-painted roofs can lower indoor temperatures effectively. Architects and city planners must think beyond individual comfort and consider the planet's long-term health as well. Better machines are essential, but the entire cooling system needs improvement. Air-conditioning can continue to make people healthier, wealthier, and more comfortable—if its environmental cost is kept under control. Comfort indoors must never come at the expense of an overheating world. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 万一电梯出故障了，请立即按铃报警。(In case) 53. 看到这些书法作品，我不禁赞叹中国文化的博大精深。(can't help...) 54. 那列高铁为想要清净的乘客提供了无电子设备使用的区域。(free of) 55. 这款电饭煲的功能不如市面上大多数产品多，但它设计独特，使用方便。(as many...as) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生李华。学校计划组织一次秋游活动，提出三个备选方案，去上海野生动物园（Shanghai Wildlife Park）、上海科技馆（Shanghai Science and Technology Museum）和“行走上海（City Walk）”，现正在征求同学们的意见，你很感兴趣，决定写邮件给负责的王老师，表达你的看法。请根据以下要求写一封电子邮件。 1. 你建议去哪个地方（三选一）； 2. 说明你选择的理由（可从活动内容、学习价值、趣味性等方面进行表述）。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $