精品解析：上海市嘉定一中、晋元高级中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷

上海市嘉定一中、晋元高级中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期中考试 英语试卷 考试时间：105分钟 满分：115分 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Jane Goodall: The Woman Who Redefined Mankind On 14 July 1960, 26-year-old Jane Goodall arrived at Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania, where she began pioneering study of chimpanzee behaviour. Without any formal scientific degree, she observed her subjects with an open mind and recorded what she saw, ____1____ than what she had been taught to expect. Her approach, ____2____ unconventional, soon transformed the way scientists viewed animal intelligence. In 1964, Goodall’s late husband, Dutch photographer Hugo van Lawick, captured an iconic photo of her reaching out to a young chimp named Flint, ____3____ curious eyes reflected the same gentleness she showed. ____4____ (publish) in National Geographic the following year, the image became a symbol of empathy between humans and animals. Goodall later said that when she first saw this image she was reminded of Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam. This image and the documentaries that followed “forced science to abandon the idea that humans were the only perceptive beings,” Goodall recalled. Her discoveries — such as chimpanzees using tools to catch termites (白蚁) — challenged long-held beliefs about ____5____ separated humans from other species. Although lacking formal qualifications, Goodall devoted more than twenty years to ____6____ (study) chimpanzees in Gombe. She believed that because she had entered research before she was influenced by ____7____ in the academic world, she was able to observe animals more naturally. And because she wasn’t limited by heavy academic training, she ____8____ go in as a free thinker and interpret what she saw through intuition and patience. Even today, Goodall’s legacy continues to inspire countless researchers who seek ____9____ (understand) how humans are connected to the animal world. While technology has changed the way research ____10____ (do), the spirit of curiosity and respect that defined Goodall’s work remains timeless. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. awaken B. boldly C. conscience D. cultivated E. flavouring F. harvests G. literally H. ripens I. steak J. substitutes K. upgrade Lab to Table: A Taste of the Future At Green Americana, a pop-up restaurant in San Francisco, diners are served dishes that look and taste familiar — but with a futuristic twist. The “chicken-fried ____11____” contains no beef or chicken, the espresso (浓咖啡) martini (马丁尼酒) has never seen a coffee bean, and the pork meatballs are made without harming a single pig. The idea came from Xander Balwit, a writer who wanted to show what fine dining might look like in 2055. Instead of treating lab-grown and plant-based foods as poor ____12____, she imagined a world where such ingredients are valued as gourmet cuisine. She hoped her project would ____13____ greater curiosity about how science and sustainability could reshape what we eat. Many ingredients at Green Americana have been given an ethical (道德的) and technological ____14____. One of the restaurant’s specialty meat dishes is made of plant protein created by an Israeli company called Redefine Meat. Since plant proteins absorb seasonings more quickly than animal meat, the chefs can experiment more ____15____ with flavour. The pork meatballs were made by Mission Barn, a company that grows meat from animal cells. The sample came from a pig named Dawn, who now enjoys her retirement on a farm. By combining ____16____ fat with plant protein, the company produces meat that feels and tastes remarkably real — without traditional farming. Even the drinks show creative science. The espresso martini is made with coffee-like ____17____ created from chickpeas and green tea. This innovation could help protect coffee production, which is threatened by climate change. Another creation is vegan butter made by a firm called Savor. It uses carbon dioxide and hydrogen instead of plant oils, offering a way to ____18____ “eat away” at climate change by turning greenhouse gases into food. Not every invention is about solving global problems. The pink pineapple, used in dessert, was genetically modified simply to keep its lovely colour as it ____19____. The overall experience, both delicious and surprising, suggests that the future of food may be driven as much by creativity as by ____20____. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How to Enhance Humans Bryan Johnson wants to live forever. The American businessman takes around a hundred pills a day never eats after 11 a.m., and closely monitors dozens of his body’s ____21____. His goal, he says, is not merely to extend his life but to overcome death ____22____. Strange though he seems, Mr. Johnson is part of a growing movement that views the human body as hardware to be enhanced, upgraded, and optimized. ____23____ “human enhancement,” he and others, including Peter Thiel and Elon Musk, are exploring life-extension drugs, brain implants, and techniques designed to sharpen both mind and body. It would be easy to ____24____ this pursuit as fanciful, full of dreamers and echoes of controversial science. Yet human enhancement is not entirely ____25____. Medicine has long focused on restoring health; why not also strengthen the ____26____? The key challenge is to encourage serious research while ____27____ unsafe or unreliable practices. Those who desire to become superhuman have many ____28____. Some are familiar: a diabetes drug called metformin that appears to extend life in mice, though its effect on humans remains ____29____. Other substances, like energy boosters or hormones, are said to improve cognition or physical performance. Supplements that _____30_____ cell repair may also help slow aging. _____31_____ biohackers can go even further. In some places with fewer regulations, people experiment with genes that may promote muscle growth or delay aging. Brain-computer interfaces link the brain directly to machines; Neuralink has enabled disabled patients to control devices with remarkable _____32_____. Musk argues that only humans who can achieve “_____33_____ with artificial intelligence” will remain relevant in a world of intelligent machines. Human enhancement faces challenges. It combines genuine science with risky methods which can _____34_____ investment and slow progress. Governments could support the field by allowing controlled trials and updating regulations that currently focus only on treating illness. Done safely, the potential benefits are enormous: people could live longer, healthier, and more capable lives. _____35_____, ethical concerns remain, including unfair advantages for the wealthy. 21. A. biomarkers B. displays C. structures D. courses 22. A. medically B. diligently C. entirely D. relatively 23. A. In honour of B. On account of C. In the name of D. At the risk of 24. A. celebrate B. dismiss C. embrace D. address 25. A. unrealistic B. innovative C. feasible D. temporary 26. A. elderly B. lively C. wealthy D. healthy 27. A. advocating B. overtaking C. integrating D. eliminating 28. A. issues B. options C. causes D. demands 29. A. personal B. unconfirmed C. obvious D. inevitable 30. A. speed up B. hold back C. take over D. cut off 31. A. Intelligent B. Rebellious C. Adventurous D. Selfless 32. A. automation B. precision C. movements D. instincts 33. A. consistency B. agreement C. compromise D. interaction 34. A. interrupt B. guarantee C. discourage D. regulate 35. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Thus D. Still Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I grew up in a football-loving family. My dad had once played for the Liverpool FC Boys until injury forced him to stop. My parents met at Anfield and fell in love as teenagers, and my sister Stevie trained with Crewe Alexandra girls as a left back, just like our hero Jamie Carragher. I remember the exact moment I told my dad I wished to follow Stevie. We were watching a match in the living room when I blurted out: “It makes me sad I can’t be a footballer.” When he asked why not, I replied: “Because I’m not a boy.” At school, sports carried unspoken rules: hockey and netball for girls, football and rugby for boys. I had never seen a women’s match on TV; the only female athletes I knew were from the Olympics. Representation matters more than people often realize. In the words of Marian Wright-Edelman, “You can’t be what you can’t see.” Without visibility, entire groups are misunderstood or ignored, and at worst reduced to stereotypes or discrimination. Lack of role models shaped not only how I saw myself but also the choices I thought were possible. Today, things are shifting. The Lionesses will face Scotland in the World Cup, with almost a million tickets already sold. Women’s football has proved one of FIFA’s smartest investments. Yet the gap remains stark: most female players in top leagues earn far below a fair wage, and prize money exposes the divide — £24m for the women’s champions compared with £315m for the men’s. Defenders of this disparity argue that women’s football draws fewer viewers and therefore less money. But visibility requires investment. Without coverage, the cycle repeats: low awareness leads to lower demand, which then justifies limited support. Yet the surge in recent years shows the audience exists when the game is given a platform. Today, I’ll be cheering on the Lionesses, and “It’s coming home” will mean more this time around, because it’ll mean talented, skilful female footballers being broadcast into millions of homes and maybe, just maybe, a little girl believing that she too can be a Lioness one day. 36. Why does the author quote Marian Wright-Edelman’s words “You can’t be what you can’t see”? A. To highlight that children need role models to follow. B To argue that society should create equal chances in sports. C. To emphasize that sports items can symbolize female athletes. D. To suggest that schools should teach all sports to both genders. 37. What does “this disparity” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. The difference in audience size for men’s and women’s football. B. The unequal funding and prize money between men and women. C. The insufficient media attention and support for women’s football. D. The gap in public interest between male and female football. 38. We can conclude from the last paragraph that the narrator’s tone is ________. A. neutral B. critical C. hopeful D. doubtful 39. Which of the following best expresses the main theme of the passage? A. Women’s football cannot equal men’s in popularity or pay. B. Representation and visibility inspire girls to play football. C. Football talent is passed down through family. D. Sports profit results from enormous investment. (B) Five of the Smartest Robots in History 1966 ELIZA One of the first example of a chatterbot. When running a script labelled with DOCTOR, ELIZA could ask and answer questions like a psychotherapist. It didn’t understand a great deal, but with some clever programming was still able to convince many users of its intelligence. 1994 VIRTUAL CREATURES Computer artist and researcher Karl Sims created a group of virtual creatures that lived in their own virtual universe. Using genetic algorithms (算法), they evolved until they could swim, crawl, jump and compete against one another. Unfortunately, they were too concerned with their own virtual lives to talk to us. 1997 DEEP BLUE Deep Blue was thrown into public consciousness when it won a chess game against grandmaster Garry Kasparov — the first supercomputer to make such a great achievement. However, it was given a lot of help from human programmers and used pretty basic AI methods to think of its moves, so maybe it was not so bright after all. 2011 IBM WATSON IBM Watson was the first AI that beat human players at US TV quiz show Jeopardy!. This AI was clever enough to process text and then found likely answers to the question asked using its internal body of knowledge, which consisted of around 200 million pages of content. Sadly, it struggled to answer some basic questions. 2015 DEEP-Q NETWORK This earlier work from the team behind AlphaGo, the AI that defeated a master of the complex Japanese strategy game Go, learned how to play 49 classic Atari games just by looking at the screen — it didn’t get any help from programmers. While it was brilliant at a lot of the games, it couldn’t get the hang of Pac-Man. 40. Which pair of robots introduced above were actually unintelligent? A. ELIZA and DEEP BLUE. B. DEEP BLUE and IBM WATSON. C. DEEP-Q NETWORK and ELIZA. D. IBM WATSON and DEEP-Q NETWORK. 41. DEEP BLUE and DEEP-Q NETWORK differ from each other in ________. A. how many methods they can apply B. whether they have the ability to learn C. whether they have beaten human players D. how they have caught the public attention 42. Which of the following statements is true of VIRTUAL CREATURES? A. They looked like space creatures. B. They were unable to respond to people. C. They could swim as soon as they were created. D. They led to the application of genetic algorithms. (C) Governments are addressing both immediate economic recovery from the global financial crisis and long-term prevention of future crises. At a December meeting, leaders are likely to agree that previous loose financial regulations need tightening. However, the current global financial system’s complexity poses new challenges. How can we redesign it to prevent future breakdowns? Experts suggest starting with insights from complexity science, which reveals that large interconnected systems, like ecosystems, can unexpectedly change due to small things. Applying these insights offers hope for better managing the financial system, despite acknowledging associated costs. Traditional economic policies assume separate and simple markets, ignoring how interconnected transactions (交易) influence each other. Complexity theorists compare the financial system to an ecosystem where minor changes can lead to crises. For instance, rising debt levels over time might have set the stage for today’s financial challenges, stimulated by events like a bank collapse. A major problem is the increased flow of money across borders, boosting global prosperity but also spreading local shocks worldwide. Nobel winner Paul Krugman notes that since 1995, cross-border investments have speeded up the global spread of crises, exposing systemic weaknesses. Complexity experts criticize financial firms for assessing risks transaction by transaction without considering how they’re interconnected, which can intensify risks across the entire system. They advocate introducing “firebreaks” in the financial network to reduce connectivity and restore diversity, essential for durability against shocks. However, implementing such changes faces resistance from an industry that prioritizes streamlined operations for profit. Yet, restoring diversity and managing connectivity are crucial, similar to maintaining ecological flexibility in changing environments. Bar-Yam stresses the need for accurate scientific modeling and verification of economic policies, similar to approaches in other scientific fields. This is essential for informed policymaking that acknowledges the complexity and unpredictability of market behaviors. In summary, while policymakers are beginning to grasp the systemic risks posed by financial interdependence, effectively reshaping the global financial system will require addressing complex challenges and adopting strict scientific methods in policymaking. 43. According to the passage, what do the financial system and ecosystems have in common? A. In both of them, each input is reacted to consistently. B. In both of them, each step has its isolated outcome. C. In both of them, future breakdowns are most likely to be predicted. D. In both of them, minor changes can lead to significant consequences. 44. According to the passage, what strategy do complexity experts recommend to avoid systemic risks? A. Decreasing interdependence within the financial network. B. Encouraging interconnectedness among financial institutions. C. Assessing the risk of each transaction in more scientific ways. D. Ignoring minor changes in financial markets to maintain stability. 45. What approaches does Bar-Yam advocate for effective policymaking in managing financial complexities? A. Introducing scientific modeling. B. Relying on traditional economic models. C. Prioritizing industry interests over systemic risks. D. Comparing new economic policies with old ones. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. The impact of climate change on financial markets. B. The historical development of global financial regulations. C. Strategies for maximizing short-term profits in the financial system. D. The challenges of managing interconnectedness in the financial system. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. “No One Goes Cold!” Washington is home to lots of trees — it is the Evergreen State after all—and lots of fireplaces and wood-burning stoves too. But what if you lived there and couldn’t chop wood or couldn’t afford to pay someone to do it? Luckily, Shane McDaniel and his twin sons, Harrison and Henry McDaniel, 21, are happy to lend an ax. The three men chop truckloads of wood—then donate it to those in need. “____47____” That’s how Shane explained to heraldnet.com. “Or someone who has a broken shoulder and can’t cut wood.” ____48____ “I had to cut wood along with my dad. He just loved doing it,” says Shane, 48, a divorced father of six. He wanted to pass along that feeling, so he and the twins spent the summer of 2018 like a clan of Paul Bunyans. The result was a great wall of wood piled up around their house in Lake Stevens, 35 miles outside of Seattle. Technically, it was 40 cords—a cord measures four feet high, four feet wide, and eight feet deep. To buy that much would cost about $10,000. It was too much for the McDaniels to use themselves, and when the weather turned cold that November, Shane started thinking of others. He posted on Facebook: “IF YOU ARE IN NEED OF FIREWOOD AND CANNOT AFFORD IT, PLEASE PM [personal message] ME!...If you know someone who BURNS WOOD, and they’re looking at a cold house this holiday season, please help ____49____” The response was immediate. One man offered to donate a wood-burning furnace. Others raced over to Norm’s, the mini-mart Shane owns, with more wood for the pile. One woman, noticing the photo of the buff McDaniel men in the Facebook post, started to feel warm in other ways: “____50____ I don’t need the wood. But truly I appreciate the eye candy!” A. The idea started as a father-son bonding project, he told msn.com. B. It has nothing to do with how well it’s received; it’s about how much it’s needed. C. Please post more pictures of you in sleeveless shirts. D. I want people who are burning cardboard because they’ve got nothing. E. So much stress and anxiety is off my shoulders. F. Please help me and my boys make sure NO ONE GOES COLD IN OUR HOOD. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Cooling Dilemma (困境) Air-conditioning has quietly shaped modern life, yet it remains one of the world’s most overlooked industries. Invented around the same time as the automobile, it has transformed where people live and work. However, unlike cars, air-conditioners have drawn little criticism for their environmental impact or energy use. Few hot countries even have clear rules to control their growing energy consumption. Environmentalists who call cooling “a luxury we cannot afford” have a point. In the next decade, as many new units will be installed worldwide as were added between 1902 and 2005. Since most electricity still comes from fossil fuels, these machines will further worsen global warming. Air-conditioning thus creates a vicious cycle: the hotter the planet gets, the more people rely on cooling — and the more they use it, the hotter the planet gets. Reducing this impact requires three major changes. First, air-conditioners must become far more efficient. The best models use only a third as much power as average ones, so higher performance standards are needed, especially in countries that have none, to push the average unit’s performance closer to the standard of the best. Second, manufacturers must replace harmful refrigerants. Some, such as hydrofluorocarbons, trap over a thousand times more heat than carbon dioxide. The Kigali amendment aims to phase them out, but countries like the United States have yet to approve it. Finally, more could be done to design offices, malls and even cities so they do not need as many air-conditioners in the first place. Overhanging roofs, shaded balconies, natural ventilation, and even white-painted roofs can lower indoor temperatures effectively. Architects and city planners must think beyond individual comfort and consider the planet’s long-term health as well. Better machines are essential, but the entire cooling system needs improvement. Air-conditioning can continue to make people healthier, wealthier, and more comfortable — if its environmental cost is kept under control. Comfort indoors must never come at the expense of an overheating world. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 万一电梯出故障了，请立即按铃报警。(In case) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 看到这些书法作品，我不禁赞叹中国文化的博大精深。(can’t help...) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 那列高铁为想要清净的乘客提供了无电子设备使用的区域。(free of) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 这款电饭煲的功能不如市面上大多数产品多，但它设计独特，使用方便。(as many...as) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生李华。学校计划组织一次秋游活动，提出三个备选方案，去上海野生动物园(Shanghai Wildlife Park)、上海科技馆(Shanghai Science and Technology Museum)和“行走上海(City Walk)”，现正在征求同学们的意见，你很感兴趣，决定写邮件给负责的王老师，表达你的看法。请根据以下要求写一封电子邮件。 1 你建议去哪个地方（三选一）； 2. 说明你选择的理由（可从活动内容、学习价值、趣味性等方面进行表述）。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市嘉定一中、晋元高级中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期中考试 英语试卷 考试时间：105分钟 满分：115分 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Jane Goodall: The Woman Who Redefined Mankind On 14 July 1960, 26-year-old Jane Goodall arrived at Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania, where she began pioneering study of chimpanzee behaviour. Without any formal scientific degree, she observed her subjects with an open mind and recorded what she saw, ____1____ than what she had been taught to expect. Her approach, ____2____ unconventional, soon transformed the way scientists viewed animal intelligence. In 1964, Goodall’s late husband, Dutch photographer Hugo van Lawick, captured an iconic photo of her reaching out to a young chimp named Flint, ____3____ curious eyes reflected the same gentleness she showed. ____4____ (publish) in National Geographic the following year, the image became a symbol of empathy between humans and animals. Goodall later said that when she first saw this image she was reminded of Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam. This image and the documentaries that followed “forced science to abandon the idea that humans were the only perceptive beings,” Goodall recalled. Her discoveries — such as chimpanzees using tools to catch termites (白蚁) — challenged long-held beliefs about ____5____ separated humans from other species. Although lacking formal qualifications, Goodall devoted more than twenty years to ____6____ (study) chimpanzees in Gombe. She believed that because she had entered research before she was influenced by ____7____ in the academic world, she was able to observe animals more naturally. And because she wasn’t limited by heavy academic training, she ____8____ go in as a free thinker and interpret what she saw through intuition and patience. Even today, Goodall’s legacy continues to inspire countless researchers who seek ____9____ (understand) how humans are connected to the animal world. While technology has changed the way research ____10____ (do), the spirit of curiosity and respect that defined Goodall’s work remains timeless. 【答案】1. rather 2. though##although 3. whose 4. Published 5. what 6. studying 7. those 8. could 9. to understand 10. is done 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了简·古道尔凭借好奇心和耐心，在没有正式科学学位的情况下，开创性地研究黑猩猩行为，挑战传统认知，重新定义人类与动物关系的事迹及其影响。 【1题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：没有任何正式的科学学位，她以开放的心态观察自己的研究对象，并记录下她所看到的，而不是她被教导去期待的。rather than，意为“而不是”，连接前后两个并列的宾语从句。故填rather。 【2题详解】 考查连词。句意：她的方法虽然非传统，但很快改变了科学家们看待动物智力的方式。空处前后为转折关系，结合句子结构，此处需用连词though或although引导让步状语从句，完整形式为though her approach was unconventional，此处省略了主语和系动词。故填though或although。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：1964年，古道尔已故的丈夫、荷兰摄影师雨果·范·拉维克拍摄了一张标志性的照片，照片中她伸手去触碰一只名叫弗林特的小黑猩猩，它好奇的眼睛里反映出与她同样的温柔。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a young chimp named Flint，空处修饰名词curious eyes，作定语，意为“它的”，应用关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故填whose。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这张照片于次年发表在《国家地理》杂志上，成为人类与动物之间共情的象征。 此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the image与publish之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式，且位于句首首字母大写。故填Published。 【5题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：她的发现——比如黑猩猩使用工具捕捉白蚁——挑战了长期以来关于人类与其他物种区别所在的观点。此处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代“区分人类和其他物种的事物”，应用what引导该宾语从句。故填what。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管缺乏正式的资历，古道尔还是在冈贝致力于研究黑猩猩超过二十年。 固定搭配devote...to doing sth.，意为“致力于做某事”，to为介词，后接动名词形式。故填studying。 【7题详解】 考查代词。句意：她认为，因为她在受到学术界的影响之前就开始了研究，所以她能够更自然地观察动物。空处指代“学术界的人”，结合语境，为避免重复用代词those，指代前文提到的复数名词people in the academic world。故填those。 【8题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：而且因为她不受繁重的学术训练的限制，她能够以自由思想家的身份进入，并通过直觉和耐心解读她所看到的。此处表示“能够，可以”，体现古道尔不受学术训练限制而拥有的能力，且文章整体为一般过去时，情态动词could符合时态和语境。故填could。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：即使在今天，古道尔的遗产仍然激励着无数寻求了解人类与动物世界如何联系的研究人员。固定搭配seek to do sth.，意为“寻求做某事；试图做某事”，seek后接不定式作宾语，本空用不定式to understand。故填to understand。 【10题详解】 考查动词的语态和时态。句意：虽然技术改变了研究的进行方式，但定义古道尔工作的好奇心和尊重精神是永恒的。 此处为定语从句的谓语动词，先行词为research，与do之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；文章整体为一般现在时，本句用一般现在时的被动语态，主语research为不可数名词，be动词用is，故填is done。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. awaken B. boldly C. conscience D. cultivated E. flavouring F. harvests G. literally H. ripens I. steak J. substitutes K. upgrade Lab to Table: A Taste of the Future At Green Americana, a pop-up restaurant in San Francisco, diners are served dishes that look and taste familiar — but with a futuristic twist. The “chicken-fried ____11____” contains no beef or chicken, the espresso (浓咖啡) martini (马丁尼酒) has never seen a coffee bean, and the pork meatballs are made without harming a single pig. The idea came from Xander Balwit, a writer who wanted to show what fine dining might look like in 2055. Instead of treating lab-grown and plant-based foods as poor ____12____, she imagined a world where such ingredients are valued as gourmet cuisine. She hoped her project would ____13____ greater curiosity about how science and sustainability could reshape what we eat. Many ingredients at Green Americana have been given an ethical (道德的) and technological ____14____. One of the restaurant’s specialty meat dishes is made of plant protein created by an Israeli company called Redefine Meat. Since plant proteins absorb seasonings more quickly than animal meat, the chefs can experiment more ____15____ with flavour. The pork meatballs were made by Mission Barn, a company that grows meat from animal cells. The sample came from a pig named Dawn, who now enjoys her retirement on a farm. By combining ____16____ fat with plant protein, the company produces meat that feels and tastes remarkably real — without traditional farming. Even the drinks show creative science. The espresso martini is made with coffee-like ____17____ created from chickpeas and green tea. This innovation could help protect coffee production, which is threatened by climate change. Another creation is vegan butter made by a firm called Savor. It uses carbon dioxide and hydrogen instead of plant oils, offering a way to ____18____ “eat away” at climate change by turning greenhouse gases into food. Not every invention is about solving global problems. The pink pineapple, used in dessert, was genetically modified simply to keep its lovely colour as it ____19____. The overall experience, both delicious and surprising, suggests that the future of food may be driven as much by creativity as by ____20____. 【答案】11. I 12. J 13. A 14. K 15. B 16. D 17. E 18. G 19. H 20. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍旧金山一家快闪餐厅，主打实验室培育与植物基人造食品，兼具科技、创意与道德环保理念，展现未来食物发展新方向。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：“炸鸡式牛排”中既不含牛肉也无鸡肉，这款意式浓缩马提尼酒中从未使用过咖啡豆，而这些猪肉丸子的制作过程也绝不会伤害任何一头猪。根据“contains no beef”以及句意“牛排”可知应填名词steak，作主语，故选I。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：她不再将实验室培育食物和植物性食品视为低等的替代品，而是设想了一个这样的世界：这些食材会被视为上等的美食佳肴。根据“lab-grown and plant-based foods as poor”以及句意“替代品”可知应填名词substitute，作宾语，结合上文foods可知为复数。故选J。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：她希望自己的项目能够激发人们对于科学与可持续发展如何改变我们的饮食方式这一问题的更多思考。根据“greater curiosity about how science and sustainability could reshape what we eat”以及句意“激发”可知应填动词awaken，作谓语，且would后跟动词原形。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：在“绿色美国”品牌中，许多产品成分都经过了符合道德规范且技术层面的改进。根据“One of the restaurant’s specialty meat dishes is made of plant protein created by an Israeli company called Redefine Meat.(这家餐厅的特色肉类菜品之一是由一家名为“重塑肉类”的以色列公司研发的植物性蛋白质制成的)”以及句意“改进”可知应填名词upgrade，作宾语，故选K。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：由于植物性蛋白质比动物肉更能迅速吸收调味料的味道，所以厨师们可以更大胆地尝试不同的调味方式。根据“Since plant proteins absorb seasonings more quickly than animal meat”以及句意“大胆地”可知应填副词boldly，修饰动词experiment。故选B。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：通过将人工培育的脂肪与植物蛋白相结合，该公司生产出的肉类在触感和口感上都极为逼真——而且无需传统养殖方式即可实现。根据“the company produces meat that feels and tastes remarkably real—without traditional farming”以及句意“人工培育的”可知应填形容词cultivated，修饰fat作定语。故选D。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：这款意式浓缩鸡尾酒是用由鹰嘴豆和绿茶制成的类似咖啡的调味料调制而成的。根据“The espresso martini is made with coffee-like”以及句意“调味料”可知应填名词flavouring，不可数，故选E。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：它使用二氧化碳和氢气代替植物油，提供了一种真正意义上通过将温室气体转化为食物，“吃掉”气候变化问题的方法。根据““eat away” at climate change by turning greenhouse gases into food”以及句意“真正意义上”可知应填副词literally，修饰动词eat。故选G。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：这种用于甜点的粉色菠萝是经过基因改造的，其目的是在成熟过程中保持其鲜艳的色泽。根据“was genetically modified simply to keep its lovely colour as it”以及句意“成熟”可知应填动词ripen，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用三单形式。故选H。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：整体的体验既美味又令人惊喜，这表明食品的未来或许既受创造力的驱动，也受良知的约束。根据“suggests that the future of food may be driven as much by creativity”以及句意“良知”可知应填conscience，全文讲环保、道德、可持续，对应良知。故选C。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How to Enhance Humans Bryan Johnson wants to live forever. The American businessman takes around a hundred pills a day, never eats after 11 a.m., and closely monitors dozens of his body’s ____21____. His goal, he says, is not merely to extend his life but to overcome death ____22____. Strange though he seems, Mr. Johnson is part of a growing movement that views the human body as hardware to be enhanced, upgraded, and optimized. ____23____ “human enhancement,” he and others, including Peter Thiel and Elon Musk, are exploring life-extension drugs, brain implants, and techniques designed to sharpen both mind and body. It would be easy to ____24____ this pursuit as fanciful, full of dreamers and echoes of controversial science. Yet human enhancement is not entirely ____25____. Medicine has long focused on restoring health; why not also strengthen the ____26____? The key challenge is to encourage serious research while ____27____ unsafe or unreliable practices. Those who desire to become superhuman have many ____28____. Some are familiar: a diabetes drug called metformin that appears to extend life in mice, though its effect on humans remains ____29____. Other substances, like energy boosters or hormones, are said to improve cognition or physical performance. Supplements that _____30_____ cell repair may also help slow aging. _____31_____ biohackers can go even further. In some places with fewer regulations, people experiment with genes that may promote muscle growth or delay aging. Brain-computer interfaces link the brain directly to machines; Neuralink has enabled disabled patients to control devices with remarkable _____32_____. Musk argues that only humans who can achieve “_____33_____ with artificial intelligence” will remain relevant in a world of intelligent machines. Human enhancement faces challenges. It combines genuine science with risky methods, which can _____34_____ investment and slow progress. Governments could support the field by allowing controlled trials and updating regulations that currently focus only on treating illness. Done safely, the potential benefits are enormous: people could live longer, healthier, and more capable lives. _____35_____, ethical concerns remain, including unfair advantages for the wealthy. 21. A. biomarkers B. displays C. structures D. courses 22. A. medically B. diligently C. entirely D. relatively 23. A. In honour of B. On account of C. In the name of D. At the risk of 24. A. celebrate B. dismiss C. embrace D. address 25. A. unrealistic B. innovative C. feasible D. temporary 26. A. elderly B. lively C. wealthy D. healthy 27. A. advocating B. overtaking C. integrating D. eliminating 28. A. issues B. options C. causes D. demands 29. A. personal B. unconfirmed C. obvious D. inevitable 30. A. speed up B. hold back C. take over D. cut off 31. A. Intelligent B. Rebellious C. Adventurous D. Selfless 32. A. automation B. precision C. movements D. instincts 33. A. consistency B. agreement C. compromise D. interaction 34. A. interrupt B. guarantee C. discourage D. regulate 35. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Thus D. Still 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. D 28. B 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是人类增强这一运动，探讨其方式、面临挑战及潜在影响。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位美国商人每天服用大约一百片药，上午11点后从不吃东西，并密切监测自己身体的几十种生物指标。A. biomarkers生物指标；B. displays展示；C. structures结构；D. courses课程。根据前文“The American businessman takes around a hundred pills a day, never eats after 11 a.m.”可知，他采取各种养生措施，目的是监测身体的生物指标，故选A。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他说，他的目标不仅仅是延长寿命，而是要完全战胜死亡。A. medically医学上；B. diligently勤奋地；C. entirely完全地；D. relatively相对地。根据前文“Bryan Johnson wants to live forever.”可知，他想永生，也就是要完全战胜死亡，故选C。 【23题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：以“人类增强”之名，他和包括彼得·蒂尔和埃隆·马斯克在内的其他人正在探索延长寿命的药物、大脑植入物以及旨在强化身心的技术。A. In honour of为纪念；B. On account of因为；C. In the name of以……之名；D. At the risk of冒着……的风险。根据后文““human enhancement,””可知，这里指以“人类增强”这个概念为名义展开探索，故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们很容易将这种追求视为异想天开，充满了梦想家和有争议科学的影子。A. celebrate庆祝；B. dismiss不予考虑，认为……不重要；C. embrace拥抱，接受；D. address处理，演讲。根据下文“as fanciful”可知，人们容易把这种追求不当回事，认为是异想天开，故选B。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，人类增强并不完全不切实际。A. unrealistic不切实际的；B. innovative创新的；C. feasible可行的；D. temporary临时的。根据前文人们觉得这异想天开，以及“Yet”表转折，可知这里说它并不完全不切实际，故选A。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医学长期以来一直专注于恢复健康，为什么不也强化健康的人呢？A. elderly年长的；B. lively活泼的；C. wealthy富有的；D. healthy健康的。根据前文“restoring health”说医学关注恢复健康，这里说为何不强化健康的人，形成对比，故选D。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：关键的挑战是鼓励严肃的研究，同时消除不安全或不可靠的做法。A. advocating提倡；B. overtaking超过；C. integrating整合；D. eliminating消除。根据后文“unsafe or unreliable practices”可知，要消除这些不好的做法，故选D。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些渴望成为超人人有很多选择。A. issues问题；B. options选择；C. causes原因；D. demands要求。根据后文“Some are familiar: a diabetes drug called metformin that appears to extend life in mic”列举了各种药物等，说明他们有很多选择，故选B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其中有些药物为人熟知：一种名为二甲双胍的糖尿病药物似乎能延长老鼠的寿命，但其对人类的影响仍未得到证实。A. personal个人的；B. unconfirmed未证实的；C. obvious明显的；D. inevitable不可避免的。根据“though”表转折，前面说对老鼠有效，可知对人类的影响还没证实，故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：加速细胞修复的补充剂也可能有助于延缓衰老。A. speed up加速；B. hold back阻碍；C. take over接管；D. cut off切断。根据下文“help slow aging”可知，加速细胞修复有助于延缓衰老，故选A。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：爱冒险的生物黑客甚至可以走得更远。A. Intelligent聪明的；B. Rebellious叛逆的；C. Adventurous爱冒险的；D. Selfless无私的。根据下文“go even further”以及后文说在管制少的地方做实验，可知是爱冒险的人，故选C。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Neuralink公司已经使残疾患者能够极其精确地控制设备。A. automation自动化；B. precision精确；C. movements运动；D. instincts本能。根据上文“control devices”可知，此处强调控制设备的精确性，故选B。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：马斯克认为，在智能机器的世界里，只有能够实现与人工智能“互动”的人类才会保持重要地位。A. consistency一致性；B. agreement同意；C. compromise妥协；D. interaction互动。根据后文“remain relevant in a world of intelligent machines.”可知，这里指人类与人工智能的互动，故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它将真正的科学与危险的方法结合在一起，这可能会阻碍投资并减缓进展。A. interrupt打断；B. guarantee保证；C. discourage使气馁，阻碍；D. regulate调节。根据下文“slow progress”可知，危险方法会阻碍投资，故选C。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，伦理问题仍然存在，包括给富人带来不公平优势。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. Thus因此；D. Still尽管如此，仍然。前文说有巨大潜在好处，这里说伦理问题仍存在，表转折，故选D。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I grew up in a football-loving family. My dad had once played for the Liverpool FC Boys until injury forced him to stop. My parents met at Anfield and fell in love as teenagers, and my sister Stevie trained with Crewe Alexandra girls as a left back, just like our hero Jamie Carragher. I remember the exact moment I told my dad I wished to follow Stevie. We were watching a match in the living room when I blurted out: “It makes me sad I can’t be a footballer.” When he asked why not, I replied: “Because I’m not a boy.” At school, sports carried unspoken rules: hockey and netball for girls, football and rugby for boys. I had never seen a women’s match on TV; the only female athletes I knew were from the Olympics. Representation matters more than people often realize. In the words of Marian Wright-Edelman, “You can’t be what you can’t see.” Without visibility, entire groups are misunderstood or ignored, and at worst reduced to stereotypes or discrimination. Lack of role models shaped not only how I saw myself but also the choices I thought were possible. Today, things are shifting. The Lionesses will face Scotland in the World Cup, with almost a million tickets already sold. Women’s football has proved one of FIFA’s smartest investments. Yet the gap remains stark: most female players in top leagues earn far below a fair wage, and prize money exposes the divide — £24m for the women’s champions compared with £315m for the men’s. Defenders of this disparity argue that women’s football draws fewer viewers and therefore less money. But visibility requires investment. Without coverage, the cycle repeats: low awareness leads to lower demand, which then justifies limited support. Yet the surge in recent years shows the audience exists when the game is given a platform. Today, I’ll be cheering on the Lionesses, and “It’s coming home” will mean more this time around, because it’ll mean talented, skilful female footballers being broadcast into millions of homes and maybe, just maybe, a little girl believing that she too can be a Lioness one day. 36. Why does the author quote Marian Wright-Edelman’s words “You can’t be what you can’t see”? A. To highlight that children need role models to follow. B. To argue that society should create equal chances in sports. C. To emphasize that sports items can symbolize female athletes. D. To suggest that schools should teach all sports to both genders. 37. What does “this disparity” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. The difference in audience size for men’s and women’s football. B. The unequal funding and prize money between men and women. C. The insufficient media attention and support for women’s football. D. The gap in public interest between male and female football. 38. We can conclude from the last paragraph that the narrator’s tone is ________. A. neutral B. critical C. hopeful D. doubtful 39. Which of the following best expresses the main theme of the passage? A. Women’s football cannot equal men’s in popularity or pay. B. Representation and visibility inspire girls to play football. C. Football talent is passed down through family. D. Sports profit results from enormous investment. 【答案】36. A 37. B 38. C 39. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要围绕女子足球展开，讲述作者因缺乏女性足球榜样而遗憾不能成为足球运动员，进而阐述女性足球代表性和曝光度的重要性及当前男女足球的差距与进步。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Representation matters more than people often realize. In the words of Marian Wright-Edelman, “You can’t be what you can’t see.” Without visibility, entire groups are misunderstood or ignored, and at worst reduced to stereotypes or discrimination. Lack of role models shaped not only how I saw myself but also the choices I thought were possible.(代表性比人们通常意识到的更重要。用玛丽安·赖特·埃德尔曼的话说：“你无法成为你从未见过的人。”没有曝光度，整个群体就会被误解或忽视，最坏的情况下还会被刻板印象或歧视所定义。缺乏榜样不仅影响了我对自己的认知，也影响了我认为可能的选择)”可知，作者引用这句话是为了强调榜样的重要性——孩子们需要可以追随的榜样，而作者小时候因看不到女性足球运动员，才认为自己不能成为足球运动员。故选A项。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Yet the gap remains stark: most female players in top leagues earn far below a fair wage, and prize money exposes the divide — £24m for the women’s champions compared with £315m for the men’s.(然而，差距仍然十分明显：顶级联赛的大多数女球员收入远低于合理水平，奖金也暴露了这种差距——女子冠军奖金为2400万英镑，而男子冠军奖金为3.15亿英镑)”以及第五段中的“Defenders of this disparity argue that women’s football draws fewer viewers and therefore less money.(这种差距的辩护者认为，女子足球吸引的观众更少，因此收入也更低)”可知，this disparity指代前文提到的男女足球在收入和奖金方面的不平等。故选B项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Today, I’ll be cheering on the Lionesses, and “It’s coming home” will mean more this time around, because it’ll mean talented, skilful female footballers being broadcast into millions of homes and maybe, just maybe, a little girl believing that she too can be a Lioness one day.(今天，我将为女足姑娘们欢呼，“足球回家了”这句话这次将有着更深刻的意义，因为它意味着才华横溢、技艺精湛的女足球员们将出现在数百万家庭的电视屏幕上，也许，只是也许，一个小女孩会相信自己有一天也能成为女足姑娘中的一员)”可知，作者对女子足球的未来充满期待，认为其曝光度的增加会激励更多小女孩追求足球梦想，因此语气是充满希望的。故选C项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者开篇讲述自己因小时候看不到女性足球运动员而无法追求足球梦想，接着阐述“代表性和曝光度”重要性，随后提到当前女子足球的进步与仍存在的差距，最后表达对女子足球未来的期待，认为其曝光度的增加会激励更多小女孩。文章核心围绕“代表性和曝光度激励女孩踢足球”展开，B选项最能概括文章主旨。故选B项。 (B) Five of the Smartest Robots in History 1966 ELIZA One of the first example of a chatterbot. When running a script labelled with DOCTOR, ELIZA could ask and answer questions like a psychotherapist. It didn’t understand a great deal, but with some clever programming was still able to convince many users of its intelligence. 1994 VIRTUAL CREATURES Computer artist and researcher Karl Sims created a group of virtual creatures that lived in their own virtual universe. Using genetic algorithms (算法), they evolved until they could swim, crawl, jump and compete against one another. Unfortunately, they were too concerned with their own virtual lives to talk to us. 1997 DEEP BLUE Deep Blue was thrown into public consciousness when it won a chess game against grandmaster Garry Kasparov — the first supercomputer to make such a great achievement. However, it was given a lot of help from human programmers and used pretty basic AI methods to think of its moves, so maybe it was not so bright after all. 2011 IBM WATSON IBM Watson was the first AI that beat human players at US TV quiz show Jeopardy!. This AI was clever enough to process text and then found likely answers to the question asked using its internal body of knowledge, which consisted of around 200 million pages of content. Sadly, it struggled to answer some basic questions. 2015 DEEP-Q NETWORK This earlier work from the team behind AlphaGo, the AI that defeated a master of the complex Japanese strategy game Go, learned how to play 49 classic Atari games just by looking at the screen — it didn’t get any help from programmers. While it was brilliant at a lot of the games, it couldn’t get the hang of Pac-Man. 40. Which pair of robots introduced above were actually unintelligent? A. ELIZA and DEEP BLUE. B. DEEP BLUE and IBM WATSON. C. DEEP-Q NETWORK and ELIZA. D. IBM WATSON and DEEP-Q NETWORK. 41. DEEP BLUE and DEEP-Q NETWORK differ from each other in ________. A. how many methods they can apply B. whether they have the ability to learn C. whether they have beaten human players D. how they have caught the public attention 42. Which of the following statements is true of VIRTUAL CREATURES? A. They looked like space creatures. B. They were unable to respond to people. C. They could swim as soon as they were created. D. They led to the application of genetic algorithms. 【答案】40. A 41. B 42. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍历史上五款智能机器人的功能、特点与局限性。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It didn’t understand a great deal, but with some clever programming was still able to convince many users of its intelligence.(它并不理解很多内容，但凭借一些巧妙的编程，仍然能够让许多用户相信它的智能。)”及第三段中的“However, it was given a lot of help from human programmers and used pretty basic AI methods to think of its moves, so maybe it was not so bright after all.(然而，它得到了人类程序员的大量帮助，并使用非常基础的人工智能方法来思考走法，所以也许它终究没那么聪明。)”可知，ELIZA和DEEP BLUE实际上并不具备真正的智能。故选A项。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, it was given a lot of help from human programmers and used pretty basic AI methods to think of its moves.(然而，它得到了人类程序员的大量帮助，并使用非常基础的人工智能方法来思考走法。)”及第五段中的“This earlier work from the team behind AlphaGo, the AI that defeated a master of the complex Japanese strategy game Go, learned how to play 49 classic Atari games just by looking at the screen — it didn’t get any help from programmers.(这款来自击败了复杂日本策略游戏围棋大师的人工智能AlphaGo团队的早期作品，仅仅通过观看屏幕就学会了如何玩49款经典雅达利游戏——它没有得到程序员的任何帮助。)”可知，二者的区别在于是否具备自主学习能力。故选B项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unfortunately, they were too concerned with their own virtual lives to talk to us.(不幸的是，它们太专注于自己的虚拟生活，无法与我们交流。)”可知，虚拟生物无法对人类做出回应。故选B项。 (C) Governments are addressing both immediate economic recovery from the global financial crisis and long-term prevention of future crises. At a December meeting, leaders are likely to agree that previous loose financial regulations need tightening. However, the current global financial system’s complexity poses new challenges. How can we redesign it to prevent future breakdowns? Experts suggest starting with insights from complexity science, which reveals that large interconnected systems, like ecosystems, can unexpectedly change due to small things. Applying these insights offers hope for better managing the financial system, despite acknowledging associated costs. Traditional economic policies assume separate and simple markets, ignoring how interconnected transactions (交易) influence each other. Complexity theorists compare the financial system to an ecosystem where minor changes can lead to crises. For instance, rising debt levels over time might have set the stage for today’s financial challenges, stimulated by events like a bank collapse. A major problem is the increased flow of money across borders, boosting global prosperity but also spreading local shocks worldwide. Nobel winner Paul Krugman notes that since 1995, cross-border investments have speeded up the global spread of crises, exposing systemic weaknesses. Complexity experts criticize financial firms for assessing risks transaction by transaction without considering how they’re interconnected, which can intensify risks across the entire system. They advocate introducing “firebreaks” in the financial network to reduce connectivity and restore diversity, essential for durability against shocks. However, implementing such changes faces resistance from an industry that prioritizes streamlined operations for profit. Yet, restoring diversity and managing connectivity are crucial, similar to maintaining ecological flexibility in changing environments. Bar-Yam stresses the need for accurate scientific modeling and verification of economic policies, similar to approaches in other scientific fields. This is essential for informed policymaking that acknowledges the complexity and unpredictability of market behaviors. In summary, while policymakers are beginning to grasp the systemic risks posed by financial interdependence, effectively reshaping the global financial system will require addressing complex challenges and adopting strict scientific methods in policymaking. 43. According to the passage, what do the financial system and ecosystems have in common? A. In both of them, each input is reacted to consistently. B. In both of them, each step has its isolated outcome. C. In both of them, future breakdowns are most likely to be predicted. D. In both of them, minor changes can lead to significant consequences. 44. According to the passage, what strategy do complexity experts recommend to avoid systemic risks? A. Decreasing interdependence within the financial network. B. Encouraging interconnectedness among financial institutions. C. Assessing the risk of each transaction in more scientific ways. D. Ignoring minor changes in financial markets to maintain stability. 45. What approaches does Bar-Yam advocate for effective policymaking in managing financial complexities? A. Introducing scientific modeling. B. Relying on traditional economic models. C. Prioritizing industry interests over systemic risks. D. Comparing new economic policies with old ones. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. The impact of climate change on financial markets. B. The historical development of global financial regulations. C. Strategies for maximizing short-term profits in the financial system. D. The challenges of managing interconnectedness in the financial system. 【答案】43. D 44. A 45. A 46. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了各国政府正努力复苏经济并防止未来出现危机。全球金融体系就像生态系统一样极其复杂，其中微小的变化都可能引发重大风险。专家建议减少相互联系，并采用科学模型，尽管这会遭遇工业界的抵制。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Experts suggest starting with insights from complexity science, which reveals that large interconnected systems, like ecosystems, can unexpectedly change due to small things.( 专家们建议从复杂性科学的见解入手，该科学表明，像生态系统这样的大型相互关联的系统可能会因小事情而意外地发生变化)”以及第三段中“Complexity theorists compare the financial system to an ecosystem where minor changes can lead to crises.( 复杂性理论家将金融体系比作一个生态系统，其中微小的变化可能会引发危机)”可知，金融系统和生态系统的共同之处是微小变化可能导致重大后果。故选D项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“They advocate introducing “firebreaks” in the financial network to reduce connectivity and restore diversity, essential for durability against shocks.( 他们主张在金融网络中引入“防火墙”，以减少关联性并恢复多样性，这对于抵御冲击的持久性至关重要)”可知，复杂性专家建议采取减少金融网络内的相互依赖避免系统性风险。故选A项。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Bar-Yam stresses the need for accurate scientific modeling and verification of economic policies, similar to approaches in other scientific fields. This is essential for informed policymaking that acknowledges the complexity and unpredictability of market behaviors.( 巴-亚姆强调，需要进行准确的科学建模和经济政策的验证，类似于其他科学领域的做法。这对于基于市场行为的复杂性和不可预测性的认识来进行明智的政策制定至关重要)”可知，巴-亚姆建议引入科学建模来应对金融复杂性。故选A项。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“However, the current global financial system’s complexity poses new challenges. How can we redesign it to prevent future breakdowns?( 然而，当前全球金融体系的复杂性带来了新的挑战。我们如何对其进行重新设计以防止未来的崩溃呢？)”和最后一段“In summary, while policymakers are beginning to grasp the systemic risks posed by financial interdependence, effectively reshaping the global financial system will require addressing complex challenges and adopting strict scientific methods in policymaking.( 总之，尽管政策制定者已经开始意识到金融相互依存所带来的系统性风险，但要切实重塑全球金融体系，仍需应对复杂挑战，并在政策制定中采用严谨的科学方法)”可知，这篇文章的主旨是管理金融体系中相互关联性所面临的挑战。故选D项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. “No One Goes Cold!” Washington is home to lots of trees — it is the Evergreen State, after all—and lots of fireplaces and wood-burning stoves too. But what if you lived there and couldn’t chop wood or couldn’t afford to pay someone to do it? Luckily, Shane McDaniel and his twin sons, Harrison and Henry McDaniel, 21, are happy to lend an ax. The three men chop truckloads of wood—then donate it to those in need. “____47____” That’s how Shane explained to heraldnet.com. “Or someone who has a broken shoulder and can’t cut wood.” ____48____ “I had to cut wood along with my dad. He just loved doing it,” says Shane, 48, a divorced father of six. He wanted to pass along that feeling, so he and the twins spent the summer of 2018 like a clan of Paul Bunyans. The result was a great wall of wood piled up around their house in Lake Stevens, 35 miles outside of Seattle. Technically, it was 40 cords—a cord measures four feet high, four feet wide, and eight feet deep. To buy that much would cost about $10,000. It was too much for the McDaniels to use themselves, and when the weather turned cold that November, Shane started thinking of others. He posted on Facebook: “IF YOU ARE IN NEED OF FIREWOOD AND CANNOT AFFORD IT, PLEASE PM [personal message] ME!...If you know someone who BURNS WOOD, and they’re looking at a cold house this holiday season, please help ____49____” The response was immediate. One man offered to donate a wood-burning furnace. Others raced over to Norm’s, the mini-mart Shane owns, with more wood for the pile. One woman, noticing the photo of the buff McDaniel men in the Facebook post, started to feel warm in other ways: “____50____ I don’t need the wood. But truly I appreciate the eye candy!” A. The idea started as a father-son bonding project, he told msn.com. B. It has nothing to do with how well it’s received; it’s about how much it’s needed. C Please post more pictures of you in sleeveless shirts. D. I want people who are burning cardboard because they’ve got nothing. E. So much stress and anxiety is off my shoulders. F. Please help me and my boys make sure NO ONE GOES COLD IN OUR HOOD. 【答案】47. D 48. A 49. F 50. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Shane 和双胞胎儿子大量砍柴并免费送给买不起柴、无法砍柴的人，初衷是传承父子温情。他们的善举得到热烈回应，温暖了整个社区。 【47题详解】 上文“The three men chop truckloads of wood — then donate it to those in need.( 这三个人砍伐了卡车数量的木材——然后将其捐赠给有需要的人。)”说Shane父子砍柴捐赠给有需要的人，下文“Or someone who has a broken shoulder and can’t cut wood.(或者对于那些肩部受伤无法砍伐木材的人来说也是如此。)”说“或者肩膀受伤不能砍柴的人”。D项“I want people who are burning cardboard because they’ve got nothing.(我想帮助那些因为没柴烧、只能烧纸板的人。)”和后面“受伤不能砍柴”并列列举需要帮助的人，逻辑完全通顺。故选D项。 【48题详解】 下文““I had to cut wood along with my dad. He just loved doing it,” says Shane, 48, a divorced father of six. He wanted to pass along that feeling, so he and the twins spent the summer of 2018 like a clan of Paul Bunyans.( “我和我父亲一起得砍木材。他就是喜欢做这件事。”Shane（48 岁）说道，他是六个孩子的父亲，已离婚。他想将这种感觉传递下去，所以他和双胞胎兄弟在 2018 年夏天像Paul Bunyans家族那样生活。)”提到Shane 说“我小时候和爸爸一起砍柴”，现在和儿子们一起做。A 项“The idea started as a father-son bonding project, he told msn.com.(他告诉 msn.com，这个想法最初是作为父子间的一次亲密活动而产生的。)”引出父子传承、一起砍柴的故事背景，符合语境。故选A项。 【49题详解】 上文“He posted on Facebook: “IF YOU ARE IN NEED OF FIREWOOD AND CANNOT AFFORD IT, PLEASE PM [personal message] ME!...If you know someone who BURNS WOOD, and they’re looking at a cold house this holiday season, please help…(他在脸书上写道：“如果您需要木柴但又买不起，请给我发私信……如果您认识烧木柴的人，并且他们在这个假日季的家中即将面临燃料短缺的情况，请帮忙……”)”提到Shane在脸书发文，呼吁帮助买不起柴火的人。标题“No One Goes Cold!( 无人会感到寒冷！)” F项“Please help me and my boys make sure NO ONE GOES COLD IN OUR HOOD.( 请帮助我和我的孩子们确保我们所在的街区没有人会挨冻。)”直接呼应标题，是呼吁的收尾句，符合语境。故选F项。 【50题详解】 上文“One woman, noticing the photo of the buff McDaniel men in the Facebook post(有一位女士看到脸书帖子中那张肌肉发达的McDaniel男子的照片。)”提到女士看到他们的照片，下文“I don’t need the wood. But truly I appreciate the eye candy!( 我不需要这些木材。不过说实话，我真的很欣赏这帅气的外表！)”说自己不需要柴，但觉得他们是养眼、好看的。C项“Please post more pictures of you in sleeveless shirts.( 请多发几张你们穿无袖上衣的照片。)”对应“觉得养眼”，幽默、符合语境。故选C项。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Cooling Dilemma (困境) Air-conditioning has quietly shaped modern life, yet it remains one of the world’s most overlooked industries. Invented around the same time as the automobile, it has transformed where people live and work. However, unlike cars, air-conditioners have drawn little criticism for their environmental impact or energy use. Few hot countries even have clear rules to control their growing energy consumption. Environmentalists who call cooling “a luxury we cannot afford” have a point. In the next decade, as many new units will be installed worldwide as were added between 1902 and 2005. Since most electricity still comes from fossil fuels, these machines will further worsen global warming. Air-conditioning thus creates a vicious cycle: the hotter the planet gets, the more people rely on cooling — and the more they use it, the hotter the planet gets. Reducing this impact requires three major changes. First, air-conditioners must become far more efficient. The best models use only a third as much power as average ones, so higher performance standards are needed, especially in countries that have none, to push the average unit’s performance closer to the standard of the best. Second, manufacturers must replace harmful refrigerants. Some, such as hydrofluorocarbons, trap over a thousand times more heat than carbon dioxide. The Kigali amendment aims to phase them out, but countries like the United States have yet to approve it. Finally, more could be done to design offices, malls and even cities so they do not need as many air-conditioners in the first place. Overhanging roofs, shaded balconies, natural ventilation, and even white-painted roofs can lower indoor temperatures effectively. Architects and city planners must think beyond individual comfort and consider the planet’s long-term health as well. Better machines are essential, but the entire cooling system needs improvement. Air-conditioning can continue to make people healthier, wealthier, and more comfortable — if its environmental cost is kept under control. Comfort indoors must never come at the expense of an overheating world. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Air-conditioning, though beneficial, fuels global warming in a vicious cycle. To reduce its environmental impact, we need more efficient units, eco-friendly refrigerants, and better building designs that reduce cooling demand. Balancing comfort with planetary health is essential. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论空调带来的环境困境及应对方案。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ① Air-conditioning thus creates a vicious cycle: the hotter the planet gets, the more people rely on cooling—and the more they use it, the hotter the planet gets. ② First, air-conditioners must become far more efficient. ③ Second, manufacturers must replace harmful refrigerants. ④ Finally, more could be done to design offices, malls and even cities so they do not need as many air-conditioners in the first place. ⑤ Comfort indoors must never come at the expense of an overheating world. 2.将要点①与要点⑤整合：要点①揭示空调与全球变暖的恶性循环，要点⑤提出“舒适不能以地球过热为代价”的价值判断。将两者合并置于概要首尾，形成“问题—目标”呼应结构。将要点②③④并列整合：三个对策分别对应“设备能效”“制冷剂替代”“建筑设计”，将其压缩为并列短语，置于概要中部，构成“对策”主体段落。 3.遣词造句 Although AC brings comfort, it worsens global warming in a feedback loop. Solutions include high-efficiency units, green refrigerants, and passive building designs to cut cooling demand. Reconciling indoor ease with planetary health is vital. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Air-conditioning, though beneficial, fuels global warming in a vicious cycle. （运用了though引导的让步状语从句的省略） [高分句型2] To reduce its environmental impact, we need more efficient units, eco-friendly refrigerants, and better building designs that reduce cooling demand.（运用了不定式作目的状语，以及that引导的定语从句，用法比较高级） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 万一电梯出故障了，请立即按铃报警。(In case) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In case the elevator breaks down, please ring the alarm bell immediately. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句。“万一”用in case引导条件状语从句 。从句主语“电梯”用the elevator，“出故障”用固定短语break down，这里用一般现在时表示将来，主语the elevator是第三人称单数，break用第三人称单数breaks 。主句“请立即按铃报警”为祈使句，用动词原形开头，“立即”用副词immediately，“按铃报警”译为ring the alarm bell。故译为In case the elevator breaks down, please ring the alarm bell immediately. 53. 看到这些书法作品，我不禁赞叹中国文化的博大精深。(can’t help...) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The instant I saw these calligraphy works, I couldn’t help admiring the profound Chinese culture. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句子可译为主从复合句，主句主语“我”I，“不禁赞叹”用固定短语can’t help doing sth.，句子描述的是过去的动作，应用一般过去时，“赞叹”用admire，句中用动名词形式admiring，“中国文化的博大精深”翻译为the profound Chinese culture；“看到这些书法作品”可处理为the instant引导的时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”，从句主语“我”I，“看到”用see，其过去式为saw，“这些书法作品”翻译为these calligraphy works。句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为The instant I saw these calligraphy works, I couldn’t help admiring the profound Chinese culture. 54. 那列高铁为想要清净的乘客提供了无电子设备使用的区域。(free of) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The high-speed train provided an area free of electronic devices for passengers seeking tranquility. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、动词、形容词短语和时态。表示“那列高铁”应用The high-speed train，作主语；表示“提供”应用动词provide，描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时；表示“无电子设备使用的区域”为短语an area free of electronic devices，作动词provide的宾语；表示“想要清净的乘客”短语为passengers seeking tranquility，其中seeking作后置定语修饰passengers，tranquility为不可数名词。故翻译为The high-speed train provided an area free of electronic devices for passengers seeking tranquility. 55. 这款电饭煲的功能不如市面上大多数产品多，但它设计独特，使用方便。(as many...as) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】This rice cooker does not have as many functions as most products on the market, but it is uniquely designed and easy to use. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型和短语。陈述事实用一般现在时。主语“这款电饭煲”为this rice cooker；表示“功能不如市面上大多数产品多”可用have as many...as句型，“不如”可知用助动词的否定式does not；“功能”用名词function，结合many可知用复数形式；“市面上大多数产品”用most products on the market，前半句翻译为does not have as many functions as most products on the market；表示转折关系，用连词but；后一个分句主语为it，表示“设计独特”可用be uniquely designed；表示“使用方便”可用easy to use，and连接“设计独特”和“使用方便”。故翻译为This rice cooker does not have as many functions as most products on the market, but it is uniquely designed and easy to use. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生李华。学校计划组织一次秋游活动，提出三个备选方案，去上海野生动物园(Shanghai Wildlife Park)、上海科技馆(Shanghai Science and Technology Museum)和“行走上海(City Walk)”，现正在征求同学们的意见，你很感兴趣，决定写邮件给负责的王老师，表达你的看法。请根据以下要求写一封电子邮件。 1. 你建议去哪个地方（三选一）； 2. 说明你选择的理由（可从活动内容、学习价值、趣味性等方面进行表述）。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Mr. Wang, I’m Li Hua, a student from Mingqi Middle School. Knowing that our school is asking for ideas about the autumn trip, I’m writing to suggest going to Shanghai Science and Technology Museum. There are several reasons for my choice. First, the museum is full of amazing exhibitions about space, robots, biology and modern technology. We can not only watch interesting shows but also do some small experiments by ourselves. Besides, compared with the other two choices, this trip is more educational. We can learn useful science knowledge that we can’t get from textbooks. What’s more, it’s suitable for all students and easy for teachers to organize. We can enjoy the fun of exploration while gaining knowledge. I believe this trip will be both interesting and meaningful. I hope you will consider my suggestion. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给负责的王老师，说明对于秋游活动的选择以及理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 选择：choice → option 充满：be full of → be filled with 适合：be suitable for → be fit for 考虑：consider → take ... into account 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：I believe this trip will be both interesting and meaningful. 拓展句：I hold the belief that this trip will be both interesting and meaningful. 【点睛】【高分句型1】We can learn useful science knowledge that we can’t get from textbooks.（运用了that引导定语从句） 【高分句型2】I believe this trip will be both interesting and meaningful.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $