2025届高三英语一轮复习培优：上海市名校高三语法填空100题

高三一轮复习培优： 上海市名校高三语法填空100题 1.《“成瘾人格” 真的存在吗？》 大意：文中指出 “成瘾人格” 这种说法并无证据。有一些个性特征会使人更易成瘾，但克服一种成瘾行为不会使个体对其他成瘾行为更具免疫力，还以戒烟对饮酒行为的影响为例进行说明。 Hello, I’m Everything Oholic Have you always blamed your chocolate habit and inability to stop smoking on your ‘addictive’ personality? According to science, there’s no such thing… It’s a widely     1     (hold) belief that some people are just hardwired to be addicted. But is there actually any evidence     2     this? According to addiction expert Prof Robert West, there isn’t. However, there are personality characteristics, like anxiety, depression and impulse control problems, that     3     make a person more vulnerable (易受伤害的) to addiction. He says this is an important distinction, because the term ‘addictive personality’ implies that if a person stops one additive behaviour, they’ll just start another, and that’s not what happens. If a person has underlying risk factors for addiction,     4     it’s related to their mental health, their personality, or other factors such as a family history, then stopping one behaviour will not then make them immune (免疫的) to the risk of other addictions. But they won’t be more at risk of another addiction just     5     they overcame one. West points to research    6     investigated the impact of stopping smoking on a person’s drinking behaviour. Studies have found that when people stop smoking, they also show a short-term reduction in alcohol consumption, which gradually returns to the level it was at before     7     (quit) smoking. But alcohol consumption doesn’t increase after they stop smoking, and the same is true of smoking heaviness when people give up alcohol. “If anything, stopping     8     can be helpful in stopping or reducing the other,” says West. Of course, there are exceptions and stories of individuals who have given up one substance or behaviour, only    9     (have) another take over their lives. According to West, while the vulnerabilities are still there, there’s no evidence that an addictive personality     10      (exist).  2.《垃圾食品的危害》 大意：通过《垃圾食品实验》指出垃圾食品危害大，如导致肥胖，在相关研究中，吃加工食品比吃健康食物摄入热量更多，体重增加，此外，垃圾食品消费与抑郁也有紧密联系。 Why Do you Think They Call It Junk? We know that takeaways and highly processed foods are bad for us, but just how bad? I’ve recently been involved in a TV programme, The Junk Food Experiment, in   11   we asked six British celebrities to live on a junk food diet for three weeks.   12   was so disturbing was just how quickly they became sick, to the point where the series doctor told three of the celebrities—Olympic athlete Tess Sanderson, Made in Chelsea star Hugo Taylor and actress Hayley Tammadon—  13   (pull) out.   14   this documentary involved only a small number of subjects, it did point to a wider truth: junk food has a far more dangerous effect on us than most people imagine. The most obvious link is obesity (肥胖). We Brits, lovers  15   fast food, are the fattest people in Europe. We put away around 22 million takeaway meals a week, and the number of junk food outlets on our high streets   16   (continue) to increase—up a third since 2010 to more than 52,000—while processed foods such as snacks, desserts or ready-to-eat meals now make up more than half the diet of the average adult in Britain. In a US study, 20 adults of healthy weight were asked to come into a lab and live for two weeks on processed foods,   17   (follow) by two weeks of healthy, home-cooked meals. The different meals contained roughly the same amounts of fat, sugar, salt and carbs, but volunteers ate 500 more calories a day when eating processed foods than when eating real food. As a result, they put on   18   average of 0.77kg on the processed diet, while they lost 1.08kg on the healthy diet. Piling on the bad news, in another recent report a team from California’s Loma Linda University reviewed data from over 240,000 telephone surveys, and found that consumption of fried takeaway foods and those   19   (contain) lots of sugar was strongly linked with depression, even when age, education and income   20   (take) into account. Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 3.《英国热浪健康警告》 大意：英国本周热浪来袭，热浪通常在夏季发生且受气候变化影响更极端。热浪对健康有危害，尤其是老人、儿童和有特定健康状况者。英国科学家建议给热浪命名以提高健康风险意识，文中还给出应对炎热天气的建议。 People across the UK have enjoyed the sunshine this week, but they have also advised to be careful as a heat wave hits much of the country. A heat wave is defined as a period of hot weather    21    temperatures are higher than is expected for the time of year. They usually happen in summer. However, climate change (long-term changes to weather patterns, mostly    22    (cause) by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, farming and cutting down forests) is increasing the chance of heat waves happening and making them more extreme. The current hot weather is even (much)    23    extreme in some European countries— temperatures in southern Spain have reached 46℃. Heat waves can be a danger to people’s health, especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children and people    24    certain health conditions. However, anyone    25    suffer from the effects of extreme heat, including dehydration (not having enough water) and heatstroke (a condition caused by the body overheating). A group of leading UK scientists    26    (suggest) that, just as storms are given names, we should name heat waves in order to raise awareness of the health risks. The Met Office, the UK’s national weather service, has issued an amber warning. This means there is the possibility of travel delays, road and rail closures, power cuts and a potential risk to people’s health. Temperatures are expected    27    (rise) to 35℃, and there have been predictions that the record for the UK’s hottest day could be broken. Government officials have met to discuss    28    to introduce a heat wave emergency. To cope with hot weather, the NHS (National Health Service) says people should try to keep out of the Sun between 11 am and 3 pm,    29    temperatures are at their highest and the sun is strongest. Make sure you wear a hat, apply sunscreen and drink plenty of water.     30     (close) curtains in the rooms in your home that face the sun will help to keep indoor spaces cooler. If you are swimming outdoors to cool down, make sure you’re with a trusted adult and follow local safety advice. 4.《用优惠券做慈善》 大意：劳伦・珀伊尔用优惠券为贫困和无家可归者准备食物。她从祖母那里继承了烹饪慈善的热情，文中讲述了一次供餐经历，体现了她的善举意义重大，即使是简单的优惠券活动也能帮助他人解决多日的饮食问题。 Couponing for Charity Feeding 5,000 people every month is a tall order. For Lauren Puryear — single mother, full-time mental health therapist, and founder of the nonprofit For the Love of Others — the secret ingredient is coupons. Lots and lots of coupons(优惠券). The meals themselves are often quite impressive. 29-year-old Puryear prides     31     on preparing and serving dishes to the poor and homeless. She feeds them several weekends a month, in a number of cities. Still, she manages to do it all for nothing,      32      the menu depends entirely on that week’s bargains. “The best way to get      33     (low) cost is to match the coupon when the item is on sale.’’ she explains. Her brilliant talents save between $250 and $1,000 per grocery trip. Puryear inherited her passion     34     culinary (烹饪的)giving from her grandmother Marison Smith. When Smith saw beggars on the streets of Paterson, New Jersey, she would offer to buy them food instead of giving them money. Puryear got into the act when she was ten. If there were leftovers from dinner, Smith would put them in a container,      35     (rely) on her granddaughter to give them to the homeless man on the street. When Puryear founded her nonprofit, she chose the name For the Love of Others to honor her grandmother, who passed away in 2012. “Love was just the central core of her being,’’ Puryear says. Mrs. Smith would certainly be proud of her granddaughter’s efforts and her impact. At one meal in Baltimore, three boys asked    36   they could take extra sandwiches. ‘‘We’ll eat this today, but we’ll be hungry tomorrow,” one said. Puryear let them take five each. The boy’s    37   (cry) mother thanked Puiyear, explaining how she uses her entire paycheck for the hotel room     38    they live. They never know what they      39     (eat) day to day. “Stories like that, that’s why we do what we do,” Puryear says. “Something as simple as couponing,      40     takes a couple of hours out of my day, can help somebody eat for three or four days - that’s amazing to me.” 5.《香槟的历史与酿造》 大意：香槟是法国香槟地区产的一种起泡酒，有严格生产规则。文中介绍了香槟的起源，它在法国最初是意外产生的，还讲述了香槟瓶的改进、酿造方法以及 19 世纪香槟产量的快速增长和 2007 年的销售记录。 Health warning as UK swelters Champagne is a sparkling wine produced from grapes grown in the Champagne region of France     41    (follow) rules that demand secondary fermentation（发酵）of the wine in the bottle to create carbonation. Some use “Champagne” as a general term for sparkling wine, but it is illegal to officially label any product Champagne     42     it both comes from the Champagne region and is produced under the rules of the title. In France the first sparkling Champagne was created accidentally. Contrary to legend and popular belief, Dom Pérignon did not invent sparkling wine. The oldest    43    (record) sparkling wine is Blanquette de Limoux,     44     was apparently invented by Benedictine Monks in the Abbey of Saint-Hilaire in 1531. Over a century later, the English scientist and physician Christopher Merret documented the addition of sugar    45     a finished wine to create a second fermentation. The pressure in the Champagne bottle led it to be called “the devil's wine,” as bottles exploded or corks popped. In 1844 Adolphe Jaquesson invented the muse-let     46    (prevent) the corks from blowing out. Even when it was deliberately produced as a sparkling wine, Champagne was for a very long time made by the méthode rurale, where the wine was bottled before the initial fermentation had finished. Champagne did not use the méthode champenoise    47     the 19th century, about 200 years after Merret documented the process. Méthode champenoise is the traditional method by which Champagne is produced. After primary fermentation and bottling, a second alcoholic fermentation occurs in the bottle. This second fermentation is caused by adding several grams of yeast and rock sugar to the bottle --- although each brand has     48     own secret recipe. Usually a minimum of 1.5 years is required to completely develop the full flavor. The 19th century     49    (see) a fast growth in Champagne production, going from a regional production of 300,000 bottles a year in 1800 to 20 million bottles in 1850. In 2007, Champagne sales hit      50      all-time record of 338.7 million bottles. 6.《洗发水：我们真的需要吗？》 大意：洗发水品牌众多，功效多样，但从健康角度看头发油腻并无坏处，不过很多人出于美观考虑洗头。洗发水含表面活性剂能去除污垢油脂，但也可能带走头发天然油脂，且洗发水不是万能的，还提到过度使用洗发水会形成恶性循环。 Shampoo-do we really need to use it? Buying shampoo can be overwhelming-there are so many brands to choose from, across a huge range of prices. Some brands promise to repair and nourish our hair,   51   others promise to strengthen and add volume. But is any of these claims true? Do we even need shampoo at all? Since long before shampoo   52    (invent)-some say in India-our bodies have been producing sebum, an oil-like substance. Sebum stops our skin    53    (get) dry, manages the health of our scalp and makes our hair shiny. But it also collects dirt, and, if   54    (leave) untouched for too long, sebum can cause our hair to become greasy. There are no disadvantages from a health perspective to letting our hair be greasy, says Eleanore Richardson, Trichologist at Fulham Scalp and Hair Clinic, but many people choose to wash their hair    55    a regular basis for aesthetic reasons. And so we reach for the shampoo bottle. Shampoos contain a group of chemicals called surfactants. They grab the dirt and grease from the surface of our hair, meaning when we rinse away the shampoo, we also wash away the grease and dirt. But,   56    Laura Waters, a professor of Pharmaceutical Analysis, points out, some surfactants work too well and take the natural oils out of the hair as well. Though more expensive shampoos may contain   57   (harsh) surfactants, the type of shampoo doesn’t really matter. “It’s on our hair very briefly and gets washed away”. It’s the conditioners and styling products that we use after the shampoo that make a bigger difference to the texture and feel of our hair. Naturally, the more we put onto our hair, the more we need to cleanse it off,   58    (create) a vicious circle. So, yes, it seems we do have a need for shampoo, but we also shouldn’t expect it   59    (serve) as a miracle cure. And, finally, next time you’re in a shampoo aisle, remember that hair is made up of dead protein cells and that, sadly, not even the most expensive shampoo     60     bring them back to life. See to it that you make better decisions. 7.《海洋生物普查：探索海洋深处的奥秘》 大意：地球大部分被海洋覆盖，海洋生物种类繁多，新的海洋普查计划旨在未来十年发现 10 万种新的海洋动物，原因一是气候变化使一些物种濒危需及时记录，二是技术发展使发现新物种速度可能加快。 What Lies Beneath “EARTH” has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun. After all, an alien examining it     61     a telescope would note that two thirds of its surface is covered not by earth at all, but by oceans of water. Marine biologists think the oceans might host more than 2m species of marine animals, of which they     62     (record) perhaps only a tenth so far. A new initiative hopes to change this.     63     (launch) in London on April 27th, Ocean Census aims to discover 100,000 new species of marine animal over the coming decade. The initiative is happening now for two reasons. One is that, the longer scientists wait, the less there will be to catalogue. Climate change is heating the oceans, as well as making them more acidic. One of Ocean Census’s priorities will be cataloguing species thought to be in     64     (great) danger from climate change. Otherwise, the risk is of the forest burning down and not knowing     65     was there before it was lost. The second reason is technological. Marine biologists find about 2,000 new species a year, a rate hardly changed since Darwin’s day. Ocean Census is betting that it     66     go faster. “Cyber taxonomy”, for instance, involves     67     (feed) DNA sequences from animals into computers,     68     can quickly decide whether it is a new species. The ability to describe new creatures, as well as simply cataloguing them, has also improved. Fancy cameras on remote-operated vehicles, for instance,     69     (allow) scientists to make laser scans of deep-sea creatures such as jellyfish without removing them from their habitat. Just as the immense pressures of the deep sea are fatal for humans, so taking such a jellyfish to the surface for examination is a dangerous move      70      it may be reduced to gooey slime (粘稠的黏液). 8.《疾病的传播途径》 大意：疾病传播途径多样，人员流动会导致疾病传播，新地区人群对新细菌无天然抵抗力。建筑的供暖和制冷系统也可能是疾病源，此外，海洋污染会促使藻类生长，为霍乱创造理想环境，从而也会导致疾病传播。 The Spread of Disease Traveling from one city to another can lead to the spread of disease. When people arrive in a new place, they may bring in bacteria that     71     (not be) present in the past. The people there have no natural protection     72     these new bacteria, so they catch the disease more easily.     73     it is unfamiliar, health workers may not identify it or stop it from spreading. People with the disease may continue to have contact with others. In this way, the bacteria travel from person to person through the population. This was     74     happened, for example, when soldiers travelled back home at the end of the First World War. These soldiers brought with them the Spanish flu, and     75     cost millions of lives. Heating and cooling systems in buildings can also be a source of disease. Take old air conditioners in windows as an example. They tend to collect dirt and water, which makes it easy for bacteria     76     (grow). Then when the air-conditioner     77     (turn) on, the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick. Bacteria grow fast in the water of the cooling towers. They are then sent throughout the building with the air conditioning and can affect anyone in the building. Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by     78     time 221 people had become seriously ill. Pollution of the oceans can also be a factor in spreading disease. The pollution may be caused by fertilizers that wash into rivers and then into the ocean, or by human waste     79     (dump) directly into the ocean with no processing. These pollutants result in the increased growth of tiny plants that are called algae (海藻). They can form a thick mass in the water,     80     (provide) a perfect environment for cholera, a fatal disease. 9.《鲍勃・迪伦获 2016 年诺贝尔文学奖》 大意：美国音乐传奇人物鲍勃・迪伦获得 2016 年诺贝尔文学奖，瑞典学院称其在伟大的美国歌曲传统中创造了新的诗歌表达形式。文章还介绍了迪伦的生平，从他的出身到受伍迪・格思里音乐的启发开始表演，再到其音乐事业发展。 Bob Dylan wins 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature US music legend Bob Dylan won the Nobel Literature Prize on Thursday, the first songwriter to win the prestigious award in a decision     81     surprised prize watchers. The 75-year-old Dylan —best known for tunes like “Blowin’ in the Wind” and “Like a Rolling Stone”     82     (honor) “for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition”, the Swedish Academy said. The choice was met by gasps and a long round of applause from reporters     83     (attend) the prize announcement. The folk singer has been mentioned in Nobel speculation in the past few years,     84     he was never seen as a serious competitor. “Dylan has the status of     85     important symbol. His influence on contemporary music is profound,” the academy wrote in biographical notes about the famously private singer. The Nobel is the latest award for the singer, who has come a long way from his humble beginnings as Robert Allen Zimmerman, born in 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota, and who taught     86     to play the harmonica, guitar and piano. Initially     87     (encourage) by the music of folk singer Woody Guthrie, Robert Allen changed his name to Bob Dylan and began performing in local nightclubs.     88     dropping out of college, he moved to New York in 1960. His     89     (early) album contained only two original songs, but the 1963 breakthrough The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan featured a number of his own songs,     90     (include) the classic Blowin’ in the Wind. 10.《记录旅行时刻：声音的独特魅力》 大意：作者在旅行中喜欢像收集纪念品一样收集声音记录，这是一种记住旅行有趣细节的艺术方式。文中还提到环境科学家和退休医生对声音记录的看法，认为声音能更全面地还原旅行场景，帮助人们重温旅行感受。 Why We Should Record Travel Moments On a rainy summer day, I took a train to Switzerland and trekked through the mud to a medieval fortress high atop a cliff. After twisting through its dimly lit corridors, I finally      91      (arrive) at the main viewpoint of Cave of the Fairies: a plunging 77m waterfall that shoots from underground into a sparkling pool. As the waterfall wet my jacket, I closed my eyes and took out my phone      92      (record) the rush of dreamy reality before me. I had come in search of a sound, not a sight. Throughout my travels, I’ve found myself      93      (collect) sound recordings the way other people collect souvenirs. Just as some travellers take photos of landscapes or their food, I started doing this as an artistic way to help me remember some of the most interesting details of my trips. Environmental scientist Lauren Kuehne said, “I think that once you start to listen, once you actually start to listen, you start to appreciate how much      94      (big) the world is.” This attitude      95      (echo) by Samara Kester, a retired emergency medicine physician who now serves on QPI’s board. “A photograph is two dimensions.      96      you are looking at something you’re seeing, it’s maybe 180 degrees, maybe 270 degrees. Sound is 360 degrees. You hear it all around you.” Kester explained      97      teaching herself to be a better listener has not only expanded her sense of travel, but helped her relive her travels once she’s back home. “You immerse      98      in that place again. You recreate those memories and therefore recreate the feelings you had,      99      are very hard to express clearly. You can re-experience that and that will send you to where you were before.” Months later back in my L.A．home, I find myself popping on my headphones and listening back to the rush of falling water inside Cave of the Fairies. When I close my eyes, I       100       feel the spray of water against my skin, the sense of letting my ears lead me on a faraway adventure. Mentally, I’m right back there — if only for a moment. 答案 1. held 2.for 3.can 4.and 5.because 6. which/that 7.quitting 8.one 9.to have 10.exists 11. which 12.What 13.to pull 14.Although/Though/While 15.of 16. continues 17.followed 18.an 19.containing 20.were taken 21. where 22.caused 23.more 24.with 25.can 26. have suggested 27.to rise 28.whether 29.when 30.Closing 31. herself 32.because 33.the lowest 34.for 35.relying 36. if/whether 37.crying 38.where 39.will eat 40.which 41. following 42.unless 43.recorded 44.which 45.to 46. to prevent 47.until 48.its 49.saw 50.an 51. while 52.was invented 53.getting 54.left 55.on 56. as 57.less harsh 58.creating 59.to serve 60.can 61. through 62.have recorded 63.Launched 64.the greatest 65.what 66.can 67.feeding 68.which 69.allow 70.because 71. was not 72.against 73.Because 74.what 75.it 76. to grow 77.is turned 78.which 79.dumped 80.providing 81. which/that 82.was honored 83.attending 84.but 85.an 86. himself 87.encouraged 88.After 89.earliest 90.including 91. arrived 92.to record 93.collecting 94.bigger 95.was echoed 96.When/While 97.how 98.yourself 99.which 100.can 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$