Unit 6 Grammar 讲义 2024-2025学年译林版（2024）七年级英语上册

7AUnit 6 Grammar-疑问句 用以提问的句子叫疑问句,句末用问号。疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种形式。 一般疑问句 用yes或no作答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。一般疑问句以be动词、情态动词或助动词开头, 读时用升调, 回答通常比较简短。使用一般疑问句时应特别注意问句与答句在人称、数、时态上的一致。如: -ls the shirt made of cotton?这件衬衫是棉质的吗?-No. It's made of wool.不是,是羊毛的。 -Can I try them on?我可以试穿吗?-Yes, of course.是的,当然可以。 -Do you like this blue T-shirt?你喜欢这件蓝色T恤吗?-Yes, I do.是的,我喜欢。 一般疑问句主要有如下特点: 用yes或no 作答(有时根据语气的不同,yes也可以由sure, certainly, of course 等词代替,no 可由sorry 代替)。 答语中的主语须与问句的主语一致(但必须用主格代词)。如果问句中主语是this/that,回答时用it代替;如果问句中主语是these/those,回答时用they 代替。 沿用问句中的引导词(be动词、情态动词或助动词), 即用什么词问就用什么词回答。如: -Are you a teacher?-你是老师吗? -Yes, I am.-是的,我是。-No, I'm not.-不,我不是。 -Do you like swimming?-你喜欢游泳吗? -Yes, I do.-是的,我喜欢。-No, I don't.-不,我不喜欢。 注意有下列情况时例外: 1.用情态动词 must 提问时,否定回答用 needn't或don't have to. -Must I finish my homework now ,Miss Brown? -布朗老师,我必须现在就完成家庭作业吗? -Yes , you must.-是的,你必须。 -No, you needn't.-不,你不必。 2.用其他词语代替 yes 或 no 来回答,从而使语气变得客气、委婉。 -Can you come and help me with the washing? -你能过来帮我洗衣服吗? -I'm afraid not. I'm busy mending my bike. -恐怕不行,我正忙着修理我的自行车呢。 3.否定的一般疑问句通常以be 动词、情态动词或助动词与 not 的缩略形式开头,往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。对否定的一般疑问句作简略回答时也用yes或no,但其汉语翻译与原意正好相反。 -Aren't you a student?-你难道不是学生吗?(表示惊讶) -Yes, I am.-不,我是。-No, I'm not.-是的,我不是。 特殊疑问句 用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。回答时不能用 yes 或no,读降调。因大多数疑问词以wh-开头,故特殊疑问句又被称为“wh-问句”。我们使用特殊疑问句询问一些具体信息。如: What is your favourite colour?你最喜欢什么颜色? Whose shoes are these?这些是谁的鞋子? 疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。 1.疑问代词:可以对主语、表语、宾语、定语提问,如what(什么,对物提问),who(谁,对人提问),which(哪一个),whose(谁的),whom(宾格“谁”)。 -Who is that man over there? -那边的那个男人是谁? -He is our new English teacher, Mr. Wang. -他是我们的新英语老师,王老师。 -What can you see on the desk? -你能在桌上看见什么? -I can see a book. -我能看见一本书。 2.疑问副词:用于对状语提问,如 when(何时),where(何地),how( 怎样),why(为什么)等。 -When were you born? -你是什么时候出生的? -I was born in 1993.我生于1993年。 -How do you usually go to school?你通常怎样去上学? -I usually go to school by bus.我常常坐公交车去上学。 3.疑问词组:how long, how far, how many/much, how often, what time, how old 等。 -How many students are there in your class? -你们班有多少学生? -There are 42. -有42名。 4.否定的特殊疑问句一般有劝告、建议、责备等语气。 Why don't you stay at home and have a rest?=Why not stay at home and have a rest? 你为什么不待在家里休息呢? 常见的疑问词的用法如下: 疑问词 含义 例 句 what 什么 What is your name/job? what class/ grade 哪个班级/年级 What class/grade are you in? what colour 什么颜色 What colour is your new jacket? what time 几点 What time does the show start? when 什么时候 When is your birthday party? where 哪里 Where do they live? who 谁 Who is the man in a blue sweater? why 为什么 Why do many people like hanfu? whose 谁的 Whose design is your favourite? which 哪一个 Which T-shirt matches this skirt? how 怎么样 How do we go to the museum? how many 多少(可数) How many students are there in your class? how much 多少(不可数) How much milk do you drink every day? how old 几岁/多少岁 How old is your Art teacher? how often 多长时间一次 How often do you go to the library? how long 多长 How long is the Yangtze River? 多久 How long do you watch TV every day? how far 多远 How far is your home from school? how tall 多高 How tall is the girl over there? 注意: 1.特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答,而要针对问题回答,即问什么答什么。如: -How is the girl these days?这个女孩最近怎么样? -She is fine.她挺好的。(√) -Yes. 好的。(x) 2.针对疑问词what time的回答多为具体时间,而针对when的回答既可以是大概时间,也可以是具体时间。如: -What time does the fashion show start?时装表演几点开始? -At seven o'clock.七点。 -When do you watch the fashion show?你什么时候看时装表演? -On Wednesday afternoon.周三下午, 3.疑问词whose、which后可以跟名词。如: Whose shirt is this?这是谁的衬衫? Which scarf do you like?你喜欢哪条围巾? 4.当对价格或金额提问时,用how much。如: How much is your T-shirt?你的T恤多少钱? 选择疑问句 提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句中的两种或两种以上的情况用or连接,回答不能用yes或no,而要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。语调一般前升后降。选择疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。 1.一般选择疑问句:一般疑问句+or+被选择的部分? -Do you like silk scarf or cotton scarf?你喜欢丝质的围巾还是棉质的围巾? -Silk.丝质的。 -Is your friend a boy or a girl? -你的朋友是男孩还是女孩? -A girl.-女孩。 2.特殊选择疑问句:特殊疑问句,+A or B? -Which do you like better, Maths or English?数学和英语你更喜欢哪一科? -English. -英语。 -Which dress do you like, this one or that one?你喜欢哪条裙子,这条还是那条? -I like this one.我喜欢这条。 即时自测:句型转换 1.My brother usually travels by train. (对划线部分提问) _ _ your brother usually travel? 2. This is my schoolbag. (对划线部分提问) _ _ _ this? 3. The girl in a red coat is my sister. (对划线部分提问) _ girl _ _ sister? 4. Kitty dances for half an hour every day. (对划线部分提问) _ _ _ Kitty _ every day? 5.Kitty always has milk and bread for breakfast. _ _ Kitty always _ for breakfast? 6. She exercises less than three times a week. _ _ _ she _? 7.They cost five yuan each. (对划线部分提问) _ _ _ they cost? 8.There are sixty classrooms in Donghai Junior Middle School. (对划线部分提问) _ _ classrooms _ _ in Donghai Junior Middle School? 9. She often has a bowl of rice for lunch.(改为一般疑问句) _ she often _ a bowl of rice for lunch? 10.Kitty will be 12 years old next month. (对划线部分提问) _ _ _ Kitty_ next month? 11.How about playing tennis .(改为同义句) _ _ playing tennis? _ _ play tennis? 12.I play football twice a week. (对划线部分提问) _ _ _ _ you play football a week? 13.Playing sports and listening to music make me feel happy. (对划线部分提问) _ _ you feel happy? 14.What other things would you like to do?(改为同义句) _ _ do you want to do? 15.He doesn’t often go to the cinema with us.(改为同义句) He _ _ to the movie with us. 16.Laura does her homework in the classroom after school.(改为一般疑问句) _ Laura _ her homework in the classroom after school? 17. My home is about ten minutes' walk from my school. _ _ is your home from your school? 18. Amy can finish the work in half an hour. _ _ _ Amy finish the work? 19. John will have a school fashion show next Friday afternoon. _ _ have a school fashion show? 20. Amy is in Class Six.( 用Class Seven改成选择疑问句。) _ Amy in _ _ _ _ _? 即时自测答案: 1.How does; 2.Whose schoolbag is; 3.Which, is your; 4.How long does, dance; 5.What does, have; 6.How often does, exercise; 7.How much do; 8.How many, are there; 9.Does, have; 10.How old will, be; 11.What about; Shall we; 12.How many times do; 13.What makes; 14.What else; 15.seldom goes; 16.Does, do; 17.How far; 18.How soon can; 19.When will; 20.Is, Class Six or Class Seven; 4 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$