定语从句讲义知识点＋课后练习-2025届高三英语一轮复习

Zoe’ s share— the attributive clause 定语&定语从句 【知识框架】 【结构感知】 1、 找定语： 找出下列句中的定语，并说出什么做定语及位置 ① I can only see a short shirtless man . ②The map on the wall can help you find the city canter. ③ Do you know people there? ④ The boy whose father is an engineer was admitted to a top university. 总结：定语是 位置分为： 和 部分词做后置定语初步感知： 1) 形容词adj. a) 不定代词 b) a-表语形容词 c) 以-able/-ible结尾的adj. 2) 副词adv.做后置定语表示时间、地点 二、定主从 1. She is a girl who is beautiful. 2. The students who don’t study hard will not pass the exam. 3. The woman whom you saw in the park is our English teacher. 三、先行词、关系词 1. The people who called yesterday want to buy the house. 2. I like those books whose topics are about history. 3. Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 4. The author whom you criticized（批评，批判） has written a letter in reply. 总结： 先行词： 关系词： 四、定语从句的关系词选择 1. 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 2. 关系副词：when, where, why 观察下列句子总结关系词的用法 That： Which： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. This is the book(that/which) I bought yesterday. That is the person that you want to see. A plane is a machine (which/that) can fly. Who： Whom： The man who helped you is Mr. White. That is the person whom you want to see. That is the person who you want to see. Whose： I like those books whose topics are about history. I don’t like men whose mothers are control freaks. When: where： I like the moment when people are sincere. I like the places where there are flowers. Why: I want to know the reason why you are frustrated yesterday. 关系词 例词 修饰先行词 从句中作的成分 省略情况 关系 代词 that who whom which whose 关系 副词 when where why 练习：“一找，二还，三提问” 一找：找出主从句、先行词 二还：大胆的将先行词还原到从句中，使从句变成完整的一句话 三提问：先行词以及还原添加的部分，在从句中做什么成分？ 1.The house __________ roof is very solid was built by my father. 2.This is the room ___________ Lao Liu once lived in. 3. This is the library __________ you visited yesterday? 4. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷) In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. 5.(2019年全国Ⅲ卷) They were well trained by their masters ____________ had great experience with caring for these animals. 特殊情况： 区分：只用that不用which 1. You should hand in all that you have. 2. I’ve read all the books that were borrowed from others. 3. The first thing that we should do it to work out a plan. 4. Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 5. Qingdao is no longer the city that it used to be. 6. Which is the bike that you lost? 7 . Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 总结： 只用which 不用that 1. This is the place in which Lu Xun used to live. 2. Football, which is a very interesting game, is played in many countries. 3. You must find out those which may be ignored by us. 4.Those who were not fit for the work got fired. 总结: 观察并总结定语从句的关系副词用法 1)I still remember the time when I first became a college student. 2)This is the hotel where they are staying. 3) I’ll never forget the day when we worked together in London. 4)That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 对比训练：关系代词还是关系副词：（看从句是否完整，从句不完整用代词，从句完整用副词) 1) This is the family _____________ I was treated well. 2) This is the family ___________ helped me a lot. 3) Shanghai is the city ____________ I began my first job. 4) Shanghai is the city ____________ I first visited in China. 5) She won’t forget the days ___________ she spent on the island. 6) She won’t forget the days ________ they stayed together. 7) Why don’t you tell me the time _______________ the train leaves? 8) I regret the time ____________ was wasted in playing computer games. 难点：抽象地点： 当先行词是point，case，degree，position，activity，job，atmosphere，situation，stage 等抽象地点名词时，可以用关系副词where来引导。 Eg: Teaching is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting. 5、 定语从句的种类（限制性和非限制性定语从句） 观察下列句子总结异同点 1. I have an elder brother who is a doctor. 2. My father, who is a doctor, is very strict with us. 3. He sold his new car, which surprised me. 总结： 六、as在限制性和非限中的用法 Science, as you know, plays an important part. （非限） I have got into the trouble the same trouble as he has. （限制） 限制性定语从句中：先行词前有 as, such, the same, so 修饰 I never heard such stories as he told. He’ll repeat such questions as are discussed in the book. He is not the same man as he was. 注意：the same…as(代词)…，表示两物相似 同类不同物；the same…that(代词)…, 表示两物同一物。 如：This is the same pen as I used yesterday.这是和我昨天用的一样的钢笔。 This is the same pen that I used yesterday.这是我昨天用过的那支钢笔。 2） 非限制性定语从句中：as常译为“正如”。使用as的习惯用语有： 如：as we know = as is known to all; as we all can see; as is often the case; as might be expected; as you can imagine; as has been said before/mentioned 区分as 和which在非限的用法 1. These trees, which were planted by my father three year ago, have grown up. 2. The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 总结：which引导的定语从句只能位于句后, 而as引导的定语从句可位于前中后。which常译作“这”; 而as常译作“正如”, 且多与see, expect, imagine, know, hope等动词连用。 六、非限制性定语从句中的关系代词：(没有that) 主语 宾语 定语 指人 who whom/ who whose 指物 which which whose 七、定语从句的主谓一致： 1) Those who are against the plan put up your hands. 2) Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday. 3) Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday. 如果定语从句的主语是关系代词，定语从句谓语动词的单、复数取决于关系代词所指代对象的单、复数。 8、 介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 1. 介词+ which（物）/ whom（人）； 介词+whose+名词 Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. 黑猩猩会检查自己是否得到了想要与之交流的动物的关注。 2.介词和关系代词的确定 ①依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定 I bought a great many books， on which I spent all my money that I had saved. ②依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定 I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. ③根据所表达的意思来确定 I was impressed by her persistence in her work and scientific research, without which she couldn't have made such remarkable achievements. 3.“of +关系代词”引导的定语从句 在some、any、few、little、none、all、both、neither、many、most、each等代词或数词的前后表示整体与部分的关系时，可以用of which/whom。 Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. 练习： 1. There are many jump patterns, most which are accompanied by a song. 2. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives（视角） which to study how people manage their lives. 3. There should be someone whom you can turn for any advice or to solve any problems. 4. Paul's friend didn't know the real reason which he looked so sad today. 5. Our special thanks also go to the thousands of gracious volunteers, whom none of this would be possible. 答案： 主语 宾语 定语 指人 who/that whom/that/who whose +n. 指物 which/that which/that whose +n. 1.There are many jump patterns, most of which are accompanied by a song. 2. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives（视角）from which to study how people manage their lives. 3. There should be someone to whom you can turn for any advice or to solve any problems. 4. Paul's friend didn't know the real reason for which he looked so sad today. 5. Our special thanks also go to the thousands of gracious volunteers, without whom none of this would be possible. 课后练习 1、 用合适的关系词完成句子 1. The man / was here yesterday is a painter. 2. The man / / / I saw is called Smith. 3. A child parents are dead is called an orphan. 4. I’d like a room window looks out over the sea. 5. A letter / is written in pencil is hard to read. 6. The letter / / I received from him yesterday is very important. 7. That is the boy / / / you are looking for. 8. Do you know the reason he was late for the meeting. 9. This is the school I used to study. 10. I still remember the day we met for the first time. 二、单项选择 1．She gave another piece of advice, I think is of great help to the research work. A．that B．who C．what D．which 2．He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident. A．where B．which C．who D．why 3．Tell me the reason ________you were absent yesterday. A．why B．which C．that D．how 4．This is the farm________my father grows fruit and vegetables. A．on that B．on where C．which D．on which 5．We don’t know the exact time ________ they will return. A．when B．which C．that D．whether 6．Please pass me the dictionary ________ cover is black. A．which B．of which C．its D．whose 7．Don’t do such things you are not sure about. A．that B．which C．as D．what 8．Many parents want their children to participate in various activities ______ they will learn some skills that will give them a head start over others. A．which B．that C．where D．when 9．Different from other World Cups, the FIFA World Cup Qatar is the first one ______ is held in the northern hemisphere(北半球) during winter. A．which B．that C．where D．when 10．Our teacher said we would have a day off, was exactly what we wanted. A．which B．what C．it D．that 11．John invited about 40 people to his wedding ceremony, most of ______ were family members. A．where B．them C．which D．whom 12．The number of the people present, we had expected, was very large. A．who B．whom C．that D．as 13．That is the worst film I’ve ever seen. A．that B．/ C．whose D．A and B 14．My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, ______ was very kind of them. A．who B．which C．that D．it 15．The place ______ interested me most was the Summer Palace. A．which B．where C．what D．in which 16．Who is the person asked for me just now? A．who B．whose C．that D．whom 17．The island he lived in his childhood is far from the town. A．which B．in which C．on which D．what 18．The reason ________ I came late was that I was caught in the traffic jam. A．that B．which C．why D．in which 19．Thank you for your letter, ________ really made me happy. A．as B．which C．that D．in which 20．The man waiting for the interview is the same man ________ I talked to in the elevator. Look, he is wearing the same hat ________ I’m wearing now. A．that; as B．as; the C．as; which D．who; as 二、语法填空 21．I still remember the night I came to the strange city. (用适当的词填空) 22．It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason they should be worried. (用适当的词填空) 23．Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.(用适当的词填空) 24．Look at that building, the roof of is red. (用适当的词填空) 25．He thinks he is too lazy, hangs over him all the time. (用适当的词填空) 26．Class time is the best time students improve their subjects. (用适当的词填空) 27．We will hold workshops to discuss the short stories club members read and write. (用适当的词填空) 28．I will never forget the days we spent together. (用适当的词填空) 29．Last winter we went to visit the village we were born and brought up. (用适当的词填空) 30．He lives in a room door faces south. (用适当的词填空) 31．I’ll never forget the days we lived together on the summer camp. (用适当的词填空) 32．The engineer is talking with my father has just come from abroad. (用适当的词填空) 33．He often talked about the artists and the paintings impressed him greatly. (用适当的词填空) 34．He has a son, has gone abroad for further study. (用适当的词填空) 35．Could you tell me the reason you were late for class last Monday? (用适当的词填空) 36．The relics were found in the tomb of Haihunhou, experts have been digging since 2011.(用适当的词填空) 37．Some polyglots, can speak quite a few languages, may seem especially talented. (用适当的词填空) 38． we all know, the earth runs around the sun. (用适当的词填空) 39．Let me finish my speech by saying thank you to my happy and highly creative team, good humor and spirit of adventure I’ve so appreciated all these years. (用适当的词填空) 40．Then Needham began his lifelong research, ended up creating the greatest work-Science and Civilization in China. (用适当的词填空) 四、选词填空 选择合适的关系代词填空 51．Is there anything else (which/that) you require? 52．The first place (which/that) we visited in China was the Great Wall. 53．Do you know the nearest place (which/that/whose) is famous for its beautiful natural scenery in our town? 54．Peter wondered who the lady to (who/whom/whose) his mother was talking was. 55．Her bag, in (that/which/whose) she had put all her money, was stolen. 56．I am very fond of the book the design of (that/which/whose) cover is full of imagination. 57．My parents said that I should try to make friends with those (who/whom/whose) are good at English. 58．Everybody in our class thought highly of the kindness (that/whose) our English teacher showed to the poor man. 59．I don’t like people (who/whom) get angry easily. 60．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to (that/whom) she could turn for help. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$