第六章 形容词和副词（讲义）-2023-2024学年通用版英语六年级下册

第六章 形容词和副词 一、形容词：形容词是用来修饰物体的形状、大小、长度、属性、特点的词。 1．一般位于名词前，做“ 前置定语 ” 。     I have a busy day.  我忙了一天。    She is a famous scientist.2．放在be动词的后面，被称为“ 系表结构 ” 。如：   He is clever.                      She is beautiful. 3．当几个形容词或形容词和名词同时修饰一个名词时，必须按照正确的排列顺序，即： 大小 --- 形状 --- 颜色 --- 质地。如： a big yellow banana            a white round stone bench 4．表示国籍的几个形容词，还可以用作名词，但意义上有所区别。如：    a Chinese /Japanese boy        speak Chinese / Japanese 5．形容词修饰不定代词something, anything等时，需要置于其后。如：        I have something important to tell you. There is something wrong with you. 二、副词：是说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。  1．副词的分类 时间副词 如：now, usually, often, always, sometime, yesterday等。 地点副词 如：here, there, everywhere等。（其前不能加介词，如：go there / come here） 方式副词 如： quietly, slowly，quickly, carefully等。（ ““怎样地” ） 程度副词 如：very, much, quite（完全地，十分地）, too（太）等。 2．副词的用法：主要用来修饰动词的。如：    He plays basketball well.    He jumps high. 三、形容词、副词的等级：原级、比较级和最高级。     1．原级的用法 肯定句： 主语 + be动词 + as + 原级 + as ......  ，表示“和 …一样 ，如： Surfing is as interesting as swimming. 否定句： 主语 + be动词 +  not so / as + 原级 + as ...... ，表示“和 …不一样 ，如：         Surfing is not so / as interesting as swimming 2．比较级：两个人或物体之间的相对比较。通常用在两个物体之间用than来连接。 （1）句式结构: 主语 + be动词 +比较级 + than + ...... ，如： English is more important than Japanese, I think. （有than 一定有比较级） Which do you like better, this one or that one? （没有than 也可以有比较级） （2）比较级的用法： ① 比较级 and 比较级，如：He becomes fatter and fatter. ② more and more + 原级  “...... 越来越 .....”，如： Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. ③ The + 比较级 …... , the + 比较级 … ...    “… 越…, 越 …” The more, the better. 3．最高级：是三个或三个以上的物体之间的相互比较。 （1）句式结构：主语 + be动词 + 最高级 ...... ，如： Amy is the most beautiful girl in my class.  （形容词最高级前要有the） He runs fastest in the running match.       （副词前最高级前的the省略） （2）最高级的用法： ① (the)最高级 + 比较范围 … Jim is the tallest in his class. Jim is the tallest of the three. ② 最高级… , A , B or C ?  Which is the farthest, the train station, the bus station or the airport? ③ 主语 + be动词 + one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 Xi’an is one of the oldest cities in China. ★ 补充：比较级前可以有一个表示程度的词：如 a little   rather   much  a lot  far  even  any 等  He is much better today. Frank is even stronger than his father. 四、形容词与副词的变化关系  1．大多数副词是用形容词加后缀－ly构成的。     Eg：quick -- quickly   slow -- slowly   brave -- bravely   2．以-y结尾的形容词，现将y改成i，再加-ly。        Eg：happy-----happily     angry-----angrily  3．有些副词与形容词形式相同。             Eg：late, early, high, long, fast，friendly 补充：good 的副词是well,但是well也有形容词的意义，表示身体状况好，如：I‘m well. 貌似副词的形容词： friendly友好的； lovely可爱的 五、形容词、副词比较级和最高级变化规则 情况 变化规则 举例 一般单音节词/少数多音节词 直接在词尾加 -er或 -est tall - taller - tallest  clean - cleaner –cleanest small-smaller-smallest clever- cleverer -cleverest  strong-stronger-strongest long-longer-longest young-younger-youngest 以e结尾的单音节词 加 -r或 -st large --- larger – largest  safe – safer – safest late --- later --- latest  fine -– finer – finest   wide-wider-widest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变y为i再加 -er或-est early – earlier - earliest. easy - easier– easiest heavy-heavier-heaviest happy – happier – happiest   dry -- drier -- driest 以重读闭音节单音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er  或-est hot – hotter -- hottest        thin -– thinner - -thinnest big – bigger – biggest        wet – wetter – wettest fat--fatter--fattest 多音节和大部分双音节词 在原级前加more / most important -- more important -- most important beautiful -- more beautiful -- most beautiful interesting -- more interesting -- most interesting 不规则变化（重要，常考） 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/ farthest/ 练习 一、写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式 1. long __________ ___________           2.wide _____________ _____________      3. fat ___________ ___________           4.strong ___________ _____________ 5. bright ________ ___________           6.young ____________ _____________ 7. big __________ ___________            8.easy ____________ _____________ 9. kind ____________ _____________       10.small ____________ _____________  11. bad ____________ _____________       12.good ____________ _____________ 13. heavy ____________ _____________     15.ill ____________ _____________   16. old ____________ _____________ 二、 用所给词的正确形式填空 1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the ___________ (clever). 2. Gold(黄金) is ______ (little) useful than iron(铁). 3. My sister is two years _______ (old) than I. 4. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _________ (young) child. 5. The _________ (cheap) bags are not usually the worst ones. 6. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother. 8. Dick sings _____ (well), she sings _________ (well) than John, but Mary sings________ (well) in her class. 9. She will be much _________ (happy) in her mew house. 三、选择填空 1. The line is ____ than that one. A. more longer         B. not longer        C. much longer      D. many more longer    2. The book is ____ of the two. A. thinner            B. the thinner        C. more thinner          D. the thinnest    3. She looks _____ than she does.  A. the more older      B. very older        C. much older            D. more older    4. The garden is becoming ______. A. more beautiful and more        B. more beautiful and beautiful C. more and more beautiful        D. more beautiful and beautifuler    5. They competed（比赛） to see who could work _____. A. the fastest and best            B. the faster and the better C. fastest and better              D. faster and better 6. This kind of shirt looks ______ and sells ________. A. nice, well         B. nice, good        C. well, well           D. good, nice  7. Table tennis is ______ than basketball in China. A. popular           B. less popular      C. more popular         D. most popular  8. This year, it doesn’t snow as ______ last year. A. more than       B. many as        C. much as         D. much than 9. I think it is _______ cheaper and ________ interesting to travel around the small town on foot than by taxi. A. much; even more            B. more; more   C. more; much more           D. much; much 10. Beijing is one of __________ in China. A. the biggest cities            B. biggest city     C. a bigger city               D. the biggest city 1、 单选题 1. Sam can't watch TV, and he is . A. unhappy B. unlucky C. happy 2. —How is a Chinese ink painting, Mum? —It's in _____ A. colourful B. black and white C. blue and white 3. The Wangs are______, but they are very happy. A. rich B. poor C. angry 4. Jane runs _____than me. A. fast B. fastest C. faster 5. Some stories are I like "The wind and the sun“. A. plastic B. well-known C. lazy 6. Andersen was a (n) _____ writer. A. Danish B. English C. America D. Germany 7. The woman is seventybut she looks so _____. A. tall B. young C. old 8. —The traffic light is_______ . We can go now. —OK! A. yellow B. red C. green 9. My brother is 1.61 metres. I am 1.55 metres. He is_____than me. A. older B. longer C. taller 10. I feel ________. I am going to see a film. A. happy B. sick C. well 11. It's a _______ day. Let's go to the park. A. sun B. sunny C. rainy 12. —How often do you go to the park? —I _______ go to the park. A. like B. always C. don't 13. Christmas is my ________festival. A. like B. love C. favourite 14. —Do you miss your family? —________. A. Some times B. Sometimes C. Some time 15. Sorry, you ________, Xiaoyong. A. are out B. good C. be quiet 16. I often eat bananas, but I______ eat apples. A. often B. always C. never 17. My parents and I ________ like the Spring Festival. A. all B. both C. too 18. —Is there __________ milk in the bottle? —Yes, there is ________ in the bottle. A. some; any B. any; some C. some; some 19. Are there _______ boys in the classroom? A. any B. some C. much 20. I have________ paper on the desk. I want to make________ paper planes. A. many; many B. a lot of; many C. much; much D. many; a lot of 21. I like oranges. John likes oranges, ______________. A. to B. also C. either 22. We must stop at _____________ light. A. green B. yellow C. red 23. She can jump __________________ than her brother. A. faster B. fast C. higher D. high 24. It's_______________ to play the piano. A. easy B. close C. same D. luck 25. My mother is not a teacher. My father is not a teacher, ______. A. too B. either C. also 26. The jacket is not too expensive. I have ______ money. A. enough B. much C. many 27. The children listen______ to their teacher. A. careful B. carefully C. loudly 28. Jenny's dictionary is ______ than mine. A. bigger B. big C. big than 29. Look at the diamond watch. It's ______ one in the shop. A. most expensive B. more expensive C. the most expensive 30. I think parrots are ___________ animals. A. the exciting B. more than exciting C. the most exciting 31. Hurry up! There isn't ________. A. time enough B. money enough C. enough time 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$