阅读理解之研究报告类-2025年新高考最新英语模拟试题优选分类汇编

2025年新高考优秀英语模拟试题优选分类汇编 阅读理解之研究报告 分类标准（新素材） 研究报告类说明文经常出现在英语试题中的CD篇，难度适中上。本资料选取了全国模拟试题中的研究报告素材进行了汇编，以满足广大师生的需求。 1.（2025·甘青宁三省多校高三九月联考） Picture this: Your computer could sense your emotions as you worked — feeling your joy at completing a task, your boredom during repetitive data entry, or your frustration when an error message keeps emerging. This might sound like science fiction, but researchers are bringing this vision closer to reality by developing advanced computational models that can predict human emotions during computer interactions. At the forefront of this effort is a team of Finnish scientists who have created a model. The model essentially puts itself in the user’s shoes, simulating (模拟) the series of actions, outcomes, and cognitive appraisals (认知评估) that ultimately give rise to emotions like happiness, boredom, or frustration. To test their model, the researchers designed a series of interactive computer tasks meant to cause specific emotions. In the “happiness” task, users answered a series of questions and received positive feedback for correct responses. The “boredom” task involved a series of repetitive questions. In the “frustration” task, the system was intentionally programmed to display error messages and ultimately fail, regardless of the user’s answers. As study participants worked through these tasks, the emotional reactions predicted by the model closely matched the emotions reported by the users themselves. The model was even able to discover small changes, such as a steady increase in frustration over the course of the error-ridden task. The researchers believe their emotion-predicting model could pave the way for a new generation of emotionally intelligent computers that can tailor their behavior to the user’s psychological state. An effective system might offer a stressed user comforting words of encouragement, liven up a boring task with humor, or provide emotional assistance when frustration mounts. “By creating interactions that are more emotionally attuned, designers could boost user engagement, productivity, and overall well-being,” they add. However, the model is still in progress and needs to be extended to recognize a wider range of emotions across more complex, real-world computer interactions. The researchers also emphasize the importance of gathering more diverse training data to ensure the model can accurately predict emotions for users of all backgrounds. 32．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By making a comparison. B．By creating an imaginary scene. C．By telling a real life story. D．By sharing a popular book. 33．What were computer users asked to do in the study? A．Comfort each other. B．Report their feelings. C．Get rid of boredom. D．Stay disconnected online. 34．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Great improvements on the model. B．Characteristics of future computer users. C．Researchers’ expectation of their model. D．Computer users’ responses to the model. 35．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Smart Computers May Replace Humans B．Interactions with Computers Are Enjoyable C．Computers Might Understand Our Emotions D．An Emotion-predicting Model Meets Challenges 2.（2025·甘青宁三省多校高三九月联考） Mammoths, the massive pre-historic ice age cousins of the modern-day elephant, have always been understood to have inhabited parts of British Columbia, but the question of when has always been woolly. Now, a new study from Simon Fraser University has given scientists the clearest picture yet of when the giant mammals (巨型哺乳动物) walked on Vancouver Island. As part of SFU researcher Laura Termes’ PhD and published earlier this month in the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, the study examined 32 suspected mammoth samples collected on Vancouver Island. Of those samples, just 16 were considered fit for radiocarbon dating. The youngest sample was found to be around 23,000 years old and the oldest turned out to be beyond the range radiocarbon dating could measure, meaning it was older than 45,000 years. Prior to the study, only two mammoth remains found on Vancouver Island had ever been dated before. Both lived around 21,000 years ago, so this study provides a greater understanding of when the massive mammals lived in the area. Termes says, “We were expecting similar results to the two samples previously dated, but what we found were mammoths that were much older. It is fantastic that they could be preserved for that long.” Termes says having the support at the Royal BC Museum and the Courtenay and District Museum and Palaeontology Centre allowing access to their collections is invaluable to the study. “This research highlights the important role of museum collections for understanding how life has evolved and changed in British Columbia’s deep history,” says Victoria Arbour, who works at the Royal BC Museum. “It’s great to see mammoths’relatives in the Royal BC Museum’s collections in the spotlight through this research.” “Researchers need all the help they can get because while mammoths were enormous, finding complete samples in British Columbia is actually quite rare,” says Termes. 28．What does the underlined word “woolly” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Certain. B．Attractive. C．Confusing. D．Understandable. 29．What can we know about radiocarbon dating according to the text? A．Mammoth remains were not dated by it. B．32 suspected mammoth samples were fit for it. C．It can exactly date the oldest mammoth sample. D．It measures samples no older than 45,000 years. 30．How does Termes feel about the research results? A．Excited. B．Regretful. C．Worried. D．Calm. 31．Why are museum collections mentioned in the text? A．To discuss a way to popularize local museums. B．To point out the limitations of sampling methods. C．To show complete mammoth samples were enormous. D．To stress research on mammoths calls for joint efforts. 3.（2025·福建省宁德市蕉城区宁德第一中学高三一模）When I teach research methods, a major focus is peer review. As a process, peer review evaluates academic papers for their quality, integrity and impact on a field, largely shaping what scientists accept as “knowledge”- By instinct, any academic follows up a new idea with the question, “Was that peer reviewed?” Although I believe in the importance of peer review and I help do peer reviews for several academic journals-I know how vulnerable the process can be. I had my first encounter with peer review during my first year as a Ph. D student. One day, my adviser handed me an essay and told me to have my -written review back to him in a week. But at the time, I certainly was not a “peer” — I was too new in my field. Manipulated data (不实的数据) or substandard methods could easily have gone undetected. Knowledge is not self-evident. Only experts would be able to notice them, and even then, experts do not always agree on what they notice. Let’s say in my life I only see white swans. Maybe I write an essay, concluding that all swans are white. And a “peer” says, “Wait a minute, I’ve seen black swans.” I would have to refine my knowledge. The peer plays a key role evaluating observations with the overall goal of advancing knowledge. For example, if the above story were reversed, and peer reviewers who all believed that all swans were white came across the first study observing a black swan, the study would receive a lot of attention. So why was a first-year graduate student getting to stand in for an expert? Why would my review count the same as an expert’s review? One answer: The process relies almost entirely on unpaid labor. Despite the fact that peers are professionals, peer review is not a profession. As a result, the same over-worked scholars often receive masses of the peer review requests. Besides the labor inequity, a small pool of experts can lead to a narrowed process of what is publishable or what counts as knowledge, directly threatening diversity of perspectives and scholars. Without a large enough reviewer pool, the process can easily fall victim to biases, arising from a small community recognizing each other’s work and compromising conflicts of interest. Despite these challenges, I still tell my students that peer review offers the best method for evaluating studies and advancing knowledge. As a process, peer review theoretically works. The question is whether the issues with peer review can be addressed by professionalizing the field. 32．What can we learn about peer review in the first paragraph? A．It generates knowledge. B．It is commonly practiced. C．It is a major research method. D．It is questioned by some scientists. 33．What can be inferred about the example of swans? A．Complexity of peer review ensures its reliability. B．Contradictions between scientists may be balanced. C．Individuals can be limited by personal experiences. D．Experts should detect unscientific observation methods. 34．What is the author’s major concern about peer review? A．Workload for scholars. B．Toughness of the process. C．Diversification of publications. D．Financial support to reviewers. 35．The passage is mainly about ______. A．what fuels peer review B．why peer review is imperfect C．how new hands advance peer review D．whether peer reviewers are underrated 4.（2025·全国名校协作体高三上学期10月联考）In higher education, where meritocracy (任人唯贤 )and objectivity are highly valued, one might assume that the alphabetical order of students’ surnames plays no role in determining their academic success. However, recent research suggests otherwise. A study conducted by researchers at the University of Michigan, analyzing over 30 million grading records, reveals a surprising finding: students with surnames that appear earlier in the alphabet tend to receive higher grades compared to their counterparts with later alphabetical placements. This bias is particularly striking in large classes or courses where assignments are submitted digitally through platforms like Canvas, a widely used online learning management system. Systems like this typically arrange student submissions alphabetically by default (系统默认). As a result, students with surnames towards the end of the alphabet, such as those starting with Y or Z, tend to receive lower grades on average compared to their peers with surnames from the beginning of the alphabet. This phenomenon is attributed to an effect known as “sequential grading bias”, which refers to an unintentional advantage or disadvantage that students may face due to the order in which their work is evaluated. For example, job interview candidates who are interviewed later in the day may be rated more harshly compared to those who went earlier. In the context of alphabetical ordering, instructors often begin grading from the top of the list, where surnames starting with letters like A or B appear. This initial advantage can unintentionally influence grading patterns, where early papers might receive more favorable assessments compared to those evaluated later. However, the exams that are graded in the reverse order in which they are submitted may show an opposite trend. Educational institutions and policymakers are encouraged to explore alternative grading strategies that mitigate alphabetical biases. Suggestions include randomized grading orders, nameless submissions, or deliberate efforts to counteract first impressions through diverse evaluation criteria. By addressing these biases proactively, institutions can foster fairer and more inclusive learning environments where student performance is evaluated impartially based on merit rather than surname placement. 32．Why does the author mention Canvas in the context of the study? A．To promote the use of digital platforms for academic purposes. B．To highlight the popularity of online learning management systems. C．To emphasize the impact of digital learning platforms on grading biases. D．To demonstrate the diverse grading standards of digital learning platforms. 33．In the last paragraph, what does the underlined word “mitigate” mean? A．Complicate. B．Simplify. C．Fuel. D．Reduce. 34．According to the text, one suggested alternative grading strategy should be based on _________. A．the student’s surname B．random grading sequence C．random first impression D．the student’s submission time 35．Which of the following may be the best title for this passage? A．Inequality Issues via Digital Learning Systems B．Strategies for Overcoming Bias in Grading Systems C．Unintended Consequences of Alphabetical Grading D．The Cause of Sequential Grading on Student Performance 5.(2025·贵州遵义市高三第一次适应性) For millions of years, bees, moths and other pollinators have used scents (香气) to locate flowers and transfer pollen (花粉) to any flowers they later visit. But something is changing today. When the scents of flowers interact with certain air pollutants (污染物) at night, key scents are destroyed. Moths and other nighttime pollinators may find it hard to recognize the flowers they were seeking, researchers show. The Seattle team conducted field and lab tests with a plant — the pale evening primrose. Ecologist Jeremy Chan put bags over pale evening primroses to trap the flowers’ scent. Then he took the scent back to the lab, along with some moths. They released the primrose scent and moths into a wind tunnel that could mimic conditions in an outdoor field. At once, they watched the moths easily flying straight upwind and tracking the scent. But it was different when pollutants, like ozone and nitrogen dioxide, were added to the mix. Now, the moths flew in a “Z” line. They seemed to be seeking the scent — often without success. The team then decided to test its findings in nature at night. The result was the same. When this scent was mixed with the pollutants, moths’ visits dropped. Some moths even never found a single flower during the tests. Besides, the same reactions could hurt flowers’ scents by day. But because sunlight can break down ozone, the problem is likely more serious for night pollinators. As Earth’s climate warms, it’s likely that a mix of pollutants will continue to climb. Such conditions could worsen the pollution threat to flowers’ scents and plant pollination. “As we know, pollination is important to food growers”, noted Joel Thornton. He’s an atmospheric scientist in the team. He said pollution could pose a new type of threat to farming. 8. Why do moths have trouble finding out flowers today? A. Flowers’ scents interrupt moth. B. Pollutants affect flowers’ scents. C. Flowers are not available at night. D. Flowers are changing their scents. 9. How did the researchers get the findings? A By monitoring moths’ behaviors. B. By detecting the primrose scent. C. By analyzing the types of pollutants. D. By comparing scents with pollutants. 10. What did Joel Thornton think of the findings? A. Amusing. B. Promising. C. Satisfying. D. Worrying. 11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Pollinators: Lost in Pollutants B. Scents: Gone with the Wind. C. Pollinators: Master of a Garden. D. Scents: Nature’s Secret Language. 6.(2025·贵州遵义市高三第一次适应性) In the last few decades, scientists have made enormous breakthroughs in understanding how our brains work by monitoring them in real time with fMRI and PET scanners. When people are hooked up to these machines, tasks, such as reading or doing math problems, each have corresponding areas of the brain where activities can be observed. But when researchers got the participants to listen to music, they saw fireworks. Some areas of their brains were lighting up at once, as they processed the sound, took it apart to understand elements like melody and rhythm, and then put it all back together into combined musical experience. Yet when scientists turned from observing the brains of music listeners to those of musicians, the little backyard fireworks became a massive celebration. It turns out that playing music is similar to a full-body workout. Playing a musical instrument engages practically every area of the brain at once, especially the visual, auditory, and motor cortices (大脑皮层). The most obvious difference between listening to music and playing it is that the latter requires fine motor skills, which are controlled in both hemispheres (半球) of the brain. It also combines the linguistic and mathematical accuracy, in which the left hemisphere is more involved, with the novel and creative content that the right excels in. Because making music also involves crafting and understanding its emotional content and message, musicians often have higher levels of executive function. And, indeed, musicians exhibit enhanced memory functions, creating, storing, and retrieving memories more quickly and efficiently. Studies have found that’s because musicians use their highly connected brains to attach each memory to multiple labels, such as a conceptual label, an emotional label, an audio label, and a contextual label, like a good Internet search engine. The recent research about the mental benefits of playing music has advanced our understanding of mental function, revealing the inner rhythms and complex interplay that make up the amazing orchestra of our brain. 12. What does “fireworks” underlined in paragraph 1 refer to? A. A grand celebration of sound. B. An act of playing instruments. C. A burst of activities in the brain. D. A visual effect in performances. 13. In what way is playing music different from listening to music? A. It rarely depends on motor skills. B. It awakens most of the brain areas. C. It uses both hemispheres of the brain. D. It connects novel and creative content. 14. Why do musicians perform better memory functions? A. They practise instruments frequently. B. They label memories as different types. C. They connect the key information efficiently. D. They focus on the emotional content of music. 15. What is the main idea of the text? A. Listening to music has various mental benefits. B. Art activities have positive impacts on the brain. C. Playing music activates the brain more than listening. D. Those who play instruments are born more intelligent. 7.（2025·沧州市普通高中高三复习质量监测） The small hobby of chocolate is becoming a more costly one. Rapidly increasing prices for cocoa beans recently hit a record $12,000 a tonne: roughly four times last year’s price. Many think they will go higher. That may put small specialist producers out of business. Yet it is bringing little reward to struggling growers. The immediate cause is a bad harvest in West Africa—which produces 70% of the world’s beans—reflecting El Niño-linked weather patterns and disease. Major processing plants in Ghana and Ivory Coast, the main growers, have stopped or reduced operations because they cannot afford the beans. But underlying the crisis are longer-term issues including the climate crisis and the inability of farmers to invest in production due to their low incomes. Many West African growers are being forced out of the business after years of punishingly low returns for their work and—as trees come to the end of their life cycle—often selling land to gold miners, resulting in severe environmental degradation (恶化). Latin American farmers are rushing to plant cocoa due to the higher prices, abandoning other crops and deforesting new areas. But the likelihood, if production booms and the system does not change, is that by the time their new trees bear fruit, prices may be falling again. As serious as the situation looks, the attention demanded by the rocketing price of cocoa, and the introduction of EU Deforestation Regulation offer an opportunity. Faced with global heating, increasing conflict and energy price instability, depending on the free market is a poor bet. Treating food issues as financial instruments hurts farmers, destroys forests and worsens the instability of supply. The solution in this case is a commitment to stable minimum prices for cocoa farmers and long-term contracts. This would help to lift growers out of poverty and, in doing so, tackle other problems. Sustainable production is essential, and will even benefit consumers in the long run. It can’t be achieved by letting the free market run its course. 12. What might be the consequence of rising cocoa prices? A. Some small producers will fail. B. Cocoa farmers will benefit greatly. C. Fewer people will eat chocolate. D. Cocoa production will increase. 13. What will happen if more Latin American farmers plant cocoa? A. Other crops will boost production. B. Cocoa prices will go down. C. The environment will be improved. D. Old cocoa trees will be abandoned. 14. What is the author’s attitude towards the free market approach to cocoa problems? A. Defensive. B. Concerned. C. Optimistic. D. Indifferent. 15. What does the author suggest in order to solve the coco a problem? A. Allowing the free market to work. B. Giving cocoa farmers more freedom. C. Helping cocoa growers out of poverty. D. Promising a steady guaranteed price. 8.（2025·沧州市普通高中高三复习质量监测） In 1973, the National Hurricane Center introduced the Saffir-Simpson scale (created by Herbert Saffir and Robert Simpson), a five-category rating system that classified hurricanes by wind intensity. At the bottom of the scale was Category 1, for storms with sustained winds of 74 to 95 mph. At the top was Category 5, for disasters with winds of 157 mph or more. In the half-century since the scale first appeared, land and ocean temperatures have steadily risen as a result of greenhouse gas emissions (排放). Hurricanes have become more intense, with stronger winds and heavier rainfall. With disastrous storms regularly blowing past 157 mph, some scientists argue, the Saffir-Simpson scale no longer conveys the threat the biggest hurricanes present. The strongest hurricane recorded over the Pacific Ocean has a sustained wind of 215 mph. “That’s faster than a racing car. It’s a new and dangerous world,” said Michael F. Wehner, a co-author of a Category 6 paper. “The Saffir-Simpson scale is not all that good for warning the public of the danger of a storm,” Wehner said. The category scale measures only sustained wind speeds, which is just one of the threats a major storm presents. The rest are storm surges (风暴潮), flooding and big tides. But the National Hurricane Center has no plans to introduce a Category 6, primarily because it is already trying “to not emphasize the scale very much,” said Brennan, the National Hurricane Center director. Other meteorologists said that’s the right call. “I don’t see the value in it at this time.” Simplistic as they are, Herbert Saffir and Robert Simpson’s categories are the first things many people think of when they try to grasp the scale of a storm. In that sense, the scale’s persistence (持续存在) over the years helps people understand how much the climate has changed since its introduction. “What the Saffir-Simpson scale is good for is quantifying, showing that the most intense storms are becoming more intense because of climate change,” Wehner said. “It’s not like it used to be.” 8. Why does Wehner suggest a new rating system? A. To describe more intense hurricanes. B. To control greenhouse gas emissions. C. To avoid the threat of hurricanes timely. D. To better understand the nature of hurricanes. 9. What does Brennan think of the Category 6? A. Primary. B. Needless. C. Valuable. D. Incomplete. 10. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about the Saffir-Simpson scale? A. Its simplicity. B. Its long history. C. Its positive role. D. Its great change. 11. What can be the best title for this text? A. A New Rating System Is Approved B. Climate Change Caused More Hurricanes C. Extreme Weather Has Become a New Norm D. A Bigger Number Might Be Needed for Hurricanes 9.（2025·河南省新高中创新联盟TOP二十名校高三调研） The IKEA effect, named after Swedish furniture giant, describes how people tend to value an object more if they make or assemble (组装) it themselves. More broadly, the IKEA effect tells how we tend to like things more if we’ve spent effort to create them. It goes without saying that we like to feel like we know what we’re doing; that we are capable of handling the tasks that are given to us and of dealing with barriers as they come up. In fact, our perceived self-efficacy — that is, our beliefs about our own abilities to perform well and take control of our lives—is an important component of our overall mental health. Research has provided good evidence that this self-efficacy can boost a role in the IKEA effect. In one experiment, researchers started out by giving participants four math problems to solve. One group got very easy problems (e.g. “How likely is it that a fair coin that is thrown once will come up heads?”), while the other received very difficult ones (e.g. “You have four coins. Three of the coins are normal, but one of them has heads on both sides. You pick a coin at random without looking. The coin you pick has heads on one side. What are the odds that if you turn the coin over, the other side will be tails?”). The goal of this part of the experiment was to control people’s sense of competence: the group that got the hard problems was likely to feel stressed out and incapable, while the easy problem group didn’t have their confidence shaken at all. After the math problems, participants were shown a picture of a bookcase from IKEA and asked whether they would prefer to buy it pre-assembled or to build it themselves. The results showed that people who had had their sense of competence challenged were more likely to say they’d prefer to assemble the bookcase on their own. In other words, feeling like we’re incapable of something increases our desire to prove ourselves and appear competent, leading us to overstate the value of things we have made. 12. What does the IKEA effect focus on? A. How to assemble furniture from IKEA. B. How Swedish furniture is made. C. How people like things they create. D. How to increase self-efficacy. 13. Why did the researchers give participants different math problems? A. To interpret their reactions. B. To affect their sense of confidence. C. To check their intelligence. D. To make the experiment funnier. 14. What does the text suggest about the IKEA effect? A. It only works for the assembly of furniture. B. It makes people undervalue everything they create. C. It has no influence on people’s purchasing decisions. D. It shows people’s psychological needs to feel competent. 15. How does the author support the topic of the text? A. By presenting an experiment. B. By giving some definitions. C. By listing different opinions. D. By sharing personal experiences. heads on both sides. You pick a coin at random without looking. The coin you pick has heads on one side. What are the odds 10.（2025·辽宁省大连市滨城高中联盟高三期中） Research into whether the human voice helps plants isn't conclusive. Even so, there are convincing reasons that chatting up your potted friends is good for them—and you. Plants don't interrupt when you' re speaking. They don't argue or ask difficult questions. And regardless of whether they're actually listening, research has shown them to be a calming presence. It's no wonder, then, that so many of us talk to ours. In a 2022 survey by trees. com. 50 percent of the 1, 250 respondents reported talking to their plants and trees. When asked why, 65 percent said they believe it helps them grow. The research. however, isn't definitive about this point. While studies have found that vibrations (震动) caused by sound do affect plants, the jury's still out on whether the human voice offers any specific benefit. A study in a 2003 issue of the journal Ultrasonics investigated the effects of classical music and the sounds of birds, insects and water on the growth of Chinese cabbage and cucumber. The conclusion? Both forms of sound exposure increased the vegetables' growth. “Plants definitely respond to vibrations in their environment — which can cause plants to grow differently and become more resistant to falling over, " says Heidi Appel. a professor of environmental sciences at the University of Toledo in Ohio. “Those vibrations can come from airborne (空气传播的) sounds or insects moving on the plants themselves. And plants will respond differently to tones and music than to silence. " Despite the lack of studies and evidence about the benefits of talking to your plants, there is at least one potential benefit. “If we identify with a living organism that we' re tasked with taking care of, we' re going to take better car c of it, " Appel says. For example, if talking to your plants helps you feel more connected to them, you might water, dust and prune (修剪) them more regularly and take other measures to care for them and help them thrive. 8. What does “the jury's still out” imply about the effect of the human voice on plants in the paragraph 3? A. The result is still up in the air. B. The fact will be proven. C. General agreement has been reached. D. The possibility is ruled out. 9. What does Heidi Appel suggest about the relationship between plants and humans? A. Plants prefer music over other sounds. B. Sound has little effect on plant growth. C. Feeling connected to plants can lead to better care. D. Plants can communicate with humans through sound. 10. What is the author's attitude to the benefits of talking to plants? A. Indifferent and unconvinced. B. Objective with a positive outlook. C. Critical and dismissive. D. Highly enthusiastic and supportive. 11. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The best ways to care for plants. B. The history of plant research. C. How talking to plants can affect them. D. The advantages of indoor gardening. 11.（2025·辽宁省大连市滨城高中联盟高三期中）Why does one plus one equal two? One possible answer is “It just does!” Math can seem like a world of rules you just have to follow, which makes it seem rigid and boring. Whereas my love of math is somewhat driven by my love of breaking rules, or at least pushing against them. Sometimes, one plus one can equal more than two. If you and your friend both have enough cash to buy one cup of coffee, then together you still might have enough to buy three. If one pair of tennis players gets together with another pair for an afternoon of tennis, there ends up being more than two pairs of tennis players because they could play in all sorts of different combinations. Sometimes, one plus one is just one, like if you put a pile of sand on top of another pile of sand, then you just get on c pile of sand. Or, as an art student of mine pointed out, if you mix one color with one color, you get one color. Actually, Math isn't really about getting the right answer. It's about building good justifications. I often hear parents complaining if children can do something one way, why do they need to know all these other ways? Imagine we were designing a jungle gym for children. We'd want to test it in every possible way to make sure it's safe. We'd want to jump on it, swing from it, fall from it and try to pull it out of the ground, rather than simply trusting that we built it well. The solidity of math comes from not wanting to trust things, but wanting to jump and swing and know that our framework will hold up. One of the reasons the framework is so strong is preciscly because we question it so deeply. I hope that we will start seeing mathematics as a place to pose questions and explore answers, rather than a place where the answers are fixed and we' re supposed to know them. And I hope we will place more emphasis on those who are curious, and who follow their curiosity on a journey that may be slow and without a clear destination, a quiet walk through the countryside rather than a race to the finish. 12. In what way does the author approach mathematical rules? A. Thinking outside the box. B. Following them strictly. C. Finding them entertaining. D. Recognizing their importance. 13. In the context of tennis players, what does the author mean by “one plus one can be more than two”? A. Tennis players can teach each other new techniques. B. More tennis equipment is needed for each additional player. C. The enjoyment of tennis doubles when more players are involved. D. Two pairs of tennis players can form multiple doubles combinations. 14. What is the purpose of mentioning the jungle gym in paragraph 5? A. To simplify the complexity of mathematical learning. B. To illustrate the value of diverse mathematical approaches. C. To demonstrate that math is only useful in practical applications. D. To argue that a single method is sufficient for understanding math. 15. What does the author hope for the future of mathematics? A. It will become more rule-based. B. It will focus on getting the correct answer. C. It will promote the joy of discovery. D. It will emphasize speed and efficiency. 12.（2025·辽宁省辽南协作体高三月考） Young kids’ brains are very sensitive (敏感的) to their moms’ voices, science has shown. But as kids grow into teens, everything changes. Teenagers’ brains are now more sensitive to strangers’ voices than those of their own moms’, new research shows. The researchers studied the brains of 7- to 16-year-olds as they listened to things said by their moms or by unfamiliar women. The words were gibberish: teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt. Using such meaningless words allowed the scientists to study the voices, not what they were saying. As the kids listened, certain parts of their brains became active. This was especially true in brain areas that help us to find rewards and pay attention. Daniel Abrams, a researcher at Stanford University, says that younger kids’ brains respond more strongly to their moms’ voices than to strangers’. However, in adolescence (青春期), we show the exact opposite. “These areas in the adolescent brains don’t stop responding to moms’ voices,” Abrams explains. “It’s just that unfamiliar voices become more worthy of attention. Here’s why: As kids grow up, they widen their social connections beyond their family. So their brains need to begin paying more attention to that wider world.” But moms’ voices still have special power, especially in times of stress, a 2011 study with girls showed. Levels of stress dropped when these girls heard their moms’ voices on the phone. The brain seems to adapt to new needs that come with adolescence. “As we grow up, our survival depends less and less on our moms’ support.” says Leslie Seltzer, a biological anthropologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “Instead we rely more and more on our friends and others doser to our own age.” “So while both teens and their parents may sometimes feel annoyed, that’s OK,” Abrams says. “This is the way the brain is wired, and there’s a good reason for it.” 8. What does the underlined word “gibberish” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Question. B. Story. C. Saying. D. Nonsense. 9. Why do teens become more sensitive to unfamiliar voices? A. They need more connections. B. They desire real understanding. C. They are tired of their moms. D. They have more energy to spare. 10. What are moms’ voices like to teens according to the 2011 study? A. Exciting. B. Unpleasant. C. Comforting. D. Strange. 11. What is Daniel Abrams’ opinion on teens’ change in their voice preference? A. It deserves scientific prevention. B. It is normal and understandable. C. It is discouraging and problematic. D. It negatively affects their growth. 13.（2025·辽宁省辽南协作体高三月考） Antaretica (南极洲) is the coldest place on Earth. It’s also the driest. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antaretica is technically a desert. Covering about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world. A high mountain range, the Trans- Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two. There are volcanoes too, but they are not very active. Antarctica holds 90% of the world’s ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course.98% of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap. On average it is two kilometers thick, but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometers. Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable (不宜居的) place. Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions. There are different types of penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales. But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days( the longest period of continuous darkness on earth), as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there. Only two types of flowering plants are found, while there are no trees on the large continent. The rest of the plants are made up of mosses, algae and lichen. Some forms of algae have adapted to grow on ice. Most of the ice has been there for thousands of years. As a result, it has become a window on the past, and can give researchers lots of useful information. Gases and minerals, in the’ form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the world’s climate was like in past ages. Antarctic rocks are also very important for research. Most of them are meteorites (陨石) from outer space. One rock, known as the “Alien” rock, may contain evidence of extra- terrestrial (外星人) life. Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north. They called it Anti- Arktikos, or Antarctica: the opposite of Aretic (北极). When Europeans discovered the continent of America in 15 century, the great age of exploration began. However, progress to the South Pole was slow. Not until the late 18h century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. Then in1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. The race to the pole had begun. It was finally reached on 11- December,1911 by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen. 12. What does the author mainly want to tell us in Paragraph 2? A. All Antarctic plants grow on ice. B. Animals can’t survive the Antarctic polar night. C. Antarctica has a great variety of plants. D. Despite the extreme conditions in Antarctica, many plants and animals live there. 13. What does the author intend to show with the example of the“ Alien(外星人)” rock? A. There are aliens in Antarctica. B. Meteorites all contain evidence of alien existence. C. There’s a lot to study in Antarctica. D. Rocks are rare in Antarctica. 14. What could we learn from the last paragraph? A. The Greek geographers found the Antarctica. B. James Cook was the first explorer who reached the South Pole. C. A Norwegian reached the South Pole first. D. Humans first set foot on the Antarctic mainland in 1911. 15. What makes the best title for the passage? A. A Race to the South Pole B. Antarctica: the Last Continent C. The wildlife of Antarctica D. Antarctica: A desert 14.（2025·山东省第一次备考监测联考） A study led by UC Riverside (UCR) atmospheric scientists predicts that unchecked carbon emissions(排放物) will force tropical rains to shift northward in the coming decades, which would profoundly impact the regions near the Earth's equator. The northward rain shift is caused by complex atmospheric changes. These changes are driven by carbon emissions, which in turn influence the formation of tropical convergence (汇集) zones. Those zones are essentially atmospheric engines that drive about a third of the world’s rainfall, which Antony P. Thomas, a professor of climate change and sustainability at UCR reported in a paper published in the journal Nature Climate Change. Tropical regions on either side the equator, such as central African nations, northern South America, and Pacific island states would be the most affected. Major crops in these regions include coffee, cocoa, palm oil, bananas, sugarcane, tea, mangoes, and pineapples. Tropical rainforests can have as much as 14 feet of rain a year. “The rainfall change is enormous,” Antony said. “It's a very heavy rainfall region. So, a small shift will cause big changes in the economy of the societies. It will affect many regions.” Antony and his colleagues used advanced computer models to predict the atmospheric influence of carbon dioxide emissions from continued burning of fossil fuels and other sources.” This climate model included many components of the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land. All these components are interacting with each other,” he said. “Basically, we try to simulate the real world. In the model, we can increase our carbon dioxide emissions from pre-industrial levels to much higher levels.” The analysis accounted for how carbon emissions influence the amount of radiant energy at the top of atmosphere. It also considered the changes in sea ice, water vapor and cloud formation. These and other factors resulted in conditions that push the rain- forming convergence zones northward by as much as 0.2 degrees on average. 8. What may be the main cause of the rain shift? A. The rainforests. B. Carbon emissions. C. The Earth's equator. D. Economic growth. 9. How does Antony feel about the rain shift? A. Confused. B. Grateful. C. Worried. D. Indifferent. 10. Which word can best describe the study? A. Comprehensive. B. Widespread. C. Fruitful. D. Historic. 11. What can be inferred from the text? A. The rain shift is unrelated to human activities. B. The rain shift threatens equatorial agriculture. C. The study’s computer models were not precise enough. D. The impact of the rain shift will be limited to remote areas. 15.（2025·安徽省皖南八校高三上学期8月摸底） When we, as humans, get slightly injured, we treat our own wounds. Even sometimes we go to see doctors. But in the wild animal kingdom, medical care is much different. For one Sumatran orangutan (猩猩) , a facial wound maybe lethal because it could cause infection and pain. However, the large orange primate (灵长目动物) found a way to treat himself using a native-growing plant. Rakus, a Sumatran orangutan, lives in Suaq Balimbing, Indonesia. Sumatran orangutans, with only about 14, 613 surviving, are faced with dying out. Biologists study the great apes in their habitats. When they noticed Rakus' wound they paid attention to it. But what happened three days later surprised them. Rakus applied a plant called Akar Kuning to his wound, creating a protective layer over the wound. The plant is known for reducing pain and preventing infection, but it is not a food for the local orangutans. Biologists say, “It is possible that Rakus brought this knowledge from his birthplace. Therefore, it is possible that the behavior is shown by more individuals like him outside the Suaq research area.” Luckily for Rakus, his treatment worked and his wound was cured without incident. While other examples of great apes treating wounds have been recorded, the selective treatment of only the wound and the layering of plant material in different consistencies were marvelous (了不起的) . According to the biologists, this remarkable observation is the first report of active wound management with a biological active substance in a great ape species and provides new insights into the existence of self-medication in our closest relatives. 8．What does the underlined word “lethal” in Paragraph I probably mean? A．Deadly B．Avoidable C．Curable D．Obvious. 9．What surprised biologists about Rakus during their research? A．It feeds on Akar Kuning-a local plant B．Its habitats has been destroyed wholly. C．It can't deal with its wounds timely D．It uses a native plant to cure itself 10．Which is right about the observation on Sumatran orangutans? A．It focuses on animal protection B．It first brought in biological active materials C．It makes for knowing well of self-medication in the species D．It makes a big difference to saving apes in danger 11．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A news report B．A science fiction C．A geographic magazine D．A poster about endangered animals 16.（2025·河南省安阳市多校联考） When we encounter new information, the brain quickly goes into the pattern-recognition mode. If it reminds us of something we’ve encountered before, we know how to respond. But what will happen when the new information doesn’t “fit” with the existing understanding? That’s when the brain really gets excited. The brain doesn’t just detect new information— it needs novelty. As Judy Willis, MD explains in How Your Child Learns Best, a part of the brain called the Reticular Activating System (RAS) filters (过滤) incoming information, deciding which data can be processed automatically and which deserves our full attention. Surprise and novelty are the attention-grabbers. In the classroom, this means that changing routines, asking students to analyze similarities and differences, organizing field trips, and inviting guest visitors all help keep learning fresh. In his article How the Brain Learns Best, psychiatrist and child psychologist Bruce Perry explains why repetitive classroom activities, such as lectures or worksheets, limit the brain’s desire for novelty and can interfere with learning. “Only four to eight minutes of pure factual lecture can be tolerated before the brain seeks other information, either internal (daydreaming) or external (Who is that man walking down the hall?). If the teacher is not providing that novelty, the brain will go elsewhere,” he writes. Integrating a strong arts program is one way educators can capture students’ curiosity and keep them engaged. According to a recent landmark report from the President’s Committee on the Arts and the Humanities, the benefits of studying the arts go far beyond enrichment. Research found that a high-quality program can improve student engagement, focus attention, heighten educational ambitions, and increase intellectual risk-taking. And planning inquiry-driven projects that are consistent with students’ interests will boost engagement and cut down on boredom, which is actually a stressor for young brains. 12．How does the brain deal with information according to Judy Willis, MD? A．It classifies the information. B．It ignores familiar information. C．It spends long time analysing the information. D．It stores new information automatically. 13．What does Bruce Perry argue in his article? A．Keeping routines improves learning. B．Giving lectures is the most effective way of teaching. C．The brain longs for novelty to stay engaged in learning. D．External surroundings mean more than internal seeking regarding novelty. 14．How does the author develop the text? A．By making comparisons. B．By quoting professional figures. C．By presenting a personal statement. D．By introducing an experiment. 15．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Importance of Novelty in Education B．The Brain’s Response to New Information C．Effective Classroom Activities for Learning D．Understanding the Reticular Activating System 17.（2025·内蒙古多校高三上学期第一次联考）A team of early childhood researchers examined how neighborhood opportunity—the socioeconomic, educational, health, and environmental conditions relevant to child health and development—is associated with infant (婴儿) brain activity and cognitive development. The researchers found that infants in neighborhoods with more opportunities have greater brain function at six months of age. In areas with better educational opportunities, these brain differences are also related to better cognition at 12 months old. The researchers collected their data from 65 infants in community pediatric (小儿科的) practices in the Boston and Los Angeles areas. The team examined whether associations between neighborhood opportunity and children’s cognitive development at 12 months of age could be explained by differences in brain activity at 6 months of age, measured by electroencephalography (脑电图学) (EEG). Cognitive development was measured using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning(MSEL), a standardized play-based developmental assessment. The researchers found that higher levels of neighborhood opportunity are associated with greater absolute EEG power in mid- to high-frequency bands in six months old infants. These EEG measurements are related to better language and cognitive scores later in childhood, suggesting a neuroprotective role of living in higher opportunity neighborhoods early in life. The team also found that higher levels of educational opportunity, specifically, are associated with better MSEL scores. This means that neighborhoods with more educational opportunities, like high quality center-based care, may provide more resources to get kids engaged in cognitively simulating activities and enhance their development. “Prior work has focused on the role of socioeconomic disadvantages in child development. Our study aims to shift the conversation towards solutions for improving the environments that kids experience in early childhood to support their development and address inequalities,” said Mei Elansary, MD, MPhil, an Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at Boston University. “Given that race and ethnicity have been strongly associated with differential access to high opportunity neighborhoods, it is important to think about ways to promote access to these places for all families.” 8．What advantage do infants in neighborhoods with higher opportunity levels have? A．They grow more quickly. B．Their cognition develops better. C．They have fewer health issues. D．They have easier access to wealth. 9．How did researchers assess cognitive development in infants? A．By monitoring EEG patterns. B．Through pediatric check-ups. C．By having standardized tests. D．By observing social interactions. 10．What aspect of the research is talked about in paragraph 4? A．Its result. B．Its purpose. C．Its process. D．Its application. 11．What can policymakers do according to the result of the study? A．Update current economic conditions. B．Invest more money on education. C．Improve school facilities nationwide. D．Create fair neighborhood opportunities. 18.（2025·四川省雅安市高三年级教学质量检测）Minimizing the environmental damage that new roads cause is generally regarded as a good thing. But to do that, it helps to understand just how new roads cause the damage of which they are accused. Recently, a group of researchers led by Dr. Gonzalez conducted an experiment and proved that immigration is good for the health of animal populations. A road destroys only a small part of the habitat, thus destroying just a few local populations of creatures. So the argument that road-building itself is bad for biodiversity is not self-evidently correct. Those who nevertheless hold this view say that apparently separate local populations of animals are, in fact, parts of much larger populations connected via migration. According to this theory, when a local population struggles to move about — because of an epidemic, for example — individuals from neighboring communities can fill the gaps. The implications of the theory are straightforward. Cut local populations off from each other and each is more likely to disappear. And roads are good at doing just that. Testing the theory with experimental roads, however, would be expensive. Dr. Gonzalez’s brainwave was to do the whole thing on a much smaller scale. The team studied moss-covered rocks. On some rocks the researchers left the moss untouched; on others they made “roadways” across to leave the moss isolated. After waiting six months, they found that in the disturbed habitats nearly all the bug population had declined compared with undisturbed moss, and 40% of the species had become extinct. The real test came in the second part of the experiment. In this, the researchers removed moss much as before, but they left narrow moss paths to bridge the no-bug’s-land between islands. The islands with bridges did far better than isolated islands — a result that supports the notion that population exchange is necessary to keep an ecosystem healthy. Whether these results can be translated to large-scale ecosystems remains uncertain. But if they can, they would cause more, not less, concern about the ecological effects of road-building. On the other hand, they also suggest a way out. In Britain, tunnels are often built under roads for animals of regular habits, such as badgers (獾), to be able to travel their traditional routes without having to fight with traffic. Extending that principle, perhaps special bridges might be a cheap way of letting man and nature rub along a bit better. 12．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Calling on us to stop building roads for a healthy ecosystem. B．Warning us of potential dangers of animal immigration. C．Informing us of the environmental damage caused by new roads. D．Suggesting a new way to avoid the damage caused by new roads. 13．Dr. Gonzalez’s experiment found that __________. A．building roads is expensive B．immigration is good for animals C．roads cut off animal immigration D．tunnels should be built under roads 14．How does the author present his point? A．By analyzing facts.            ​​ B．By giving examples. C．By providing scientific findings.​​ D．By comparing possible effects. 15．According to the passage, which of the following statements will the writer agree with? A．The impact of road-building is not as serious as we thought. B．Road-building is beneficial to animal immigration. C．Environmental damage caused by road-building is still uncertain. D．Environmental damage caused by road-building might be lessened. 19.（2025·浙江Z20名校联盟高三第一次联考）At one time, our growing population was seen as central to wildlife extinction, resource exhaustion, pollution and environmental destruction. But today, our concerns shift to declining birth rates due to increased reproductive choice for women. This is a positive development, but is often described as a “crisis” in the media, highlighting economic and senior care challenges. Lost in the conversation are the many positive aspects of an aging society, which is the result of people living healthier and longer lives, and common-sense realities like reduced needs for infrastructure (基础设施) and lower ecological impacts. Also lost is the fact that our population still grows by 80 million people every year. And the consequences of high birth rates are severe. Among them is global warming. In fact, increased emissions (排放) from population growth have canceled more than three quarters of the emissions saved through energy efficiency and renewables over the past three decades. Yet, no matter how well documented the link between population and climate, lowering our population is notably absent from the conversation on solutions. Instead, the focus is on technology that will supposedly allow our entire growing population to enjoy the energy-intensive lifestyles now enjoyed by the rich, and with no climate impacts. But “green” technology is not the solution it is advertised to be. Its expansion to the degree needed to power a growing population at a decent standard of living would itself require a shocking investment in fossil (化石) fuels. It also requires massive mining operations, many of which take place on the backs of low-wage workers in Africa where it is driving destruction of rainforests critical to the survival of great apes. Besides, it requires 10 times the land area as fossil fuel plants for the same amount of energy generated. When global warming threatens to push billions into unsafe temperatures, it is no time to panic that we are adding fewer to those billions. In fact, declining birth rates should be cause for celebration as they signify advances in gender equality and a reduced burden on Earth. 32．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．The global population is decreasing every year. B．The benefits of an aging society are overlooked. C．The ecological environment is turning for the better. D．The media make up misleading news about the population. 33．What is highlighted as a disadvantage of high birth rates? A．Reduced infrastructure needs. B．Challenges in senior care services. C．A slowdown in economic growth. D．Increased greenhouse gas emissions. 34．Why is “green” technology questioned in the text? A．It does damage to the ecosystem. B．It is not popular around the world. C．It is unaffordable for poor regions. D．It has little effect on reducing pollution. 35．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Aging Societies: A Global Crisis B．The Mystery of “Green” Technology C．The Trend of Population Growth D．Declining Birth Rates: A Hopeful Sign 20.（2025·福建省福州第一中学高三质检）When it comes to architectural skills, humans like to underestimate the astonishing achievements of social insects: spiders weave amazing webs with unbelievable skills. The true master builders, however, are stingless bees (无刺峰), which build honeycombs inside tree trunks. Now a group of biologists led by Viviana Di Pietro at KU Leuven, in Belgium, reports that, like humans, these tiny-brained creatures are able of constructing according to different building traditions which are then handed down over generations. The finding, published in Current Biology, is the clearest display yet of cultural differences spontaneously (自发) appearing in insects. Insect culture would once have been thought impossible. To collect their data, Ms Di Pietro and her colleagues observed more than 400 groups of the stingless bee species in Brazil in 2022 and 2023. Around 95% of the groups built combs in horizontal layers, while the rest adopted a spiral (螺旋的) structure. In both cases the tradition was maintained over many generations of worker bees. Capturing the insects’ behaviour on video, the team established that there was no difference in average cell-building rate between the two styles and hence no efficiency advantage to either. In order to rule out a genetic explanation for the different styles, researchers transplanted workers between groups with different building styles, having first emptied combs built before. It turned out that the imported workers soon switched to the new style, which was then maintained by the group’s own larvae (幼虫) as they eventually matured into workers. These results have left researchers talking it over, as they suggest that stingless bees can transmit different building traditions across generations without individuals needing to be instructed from their peers. This is a broader perspective about culture, which is often strictly defined as behavior directly transmitted from individual to individual until it becomes characteristic of a group. 12．What can best describe the finding by Viviana Di Pietro? A．Pioneering. B．Controversial. C．Commonplace. D．Conventional 13．What’s the difference between the two kinds of combs? A．Their location. B．Their style. C．Their building rate. D．Their maintenance. 14．Why did the researchers exchange bees between groups? A．To test bees’ genetic difference. B．To ensure efficiency advantage. C．To confirm bees’ learning ability. D．To exclude genetic considerations. 15．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Cultural Diversity of Social Insects. B．Stingless Bees’ Unique Honeycombs. C．Social Insects Can Create Traditions. D．Bees Can Preserve Cultural Traditions. 21.（2025·广东省高三摸底联考）We used to write with a pen. Now we generally write on a computer with the help of keyboard. In this digital age, artificial intelligence has become a new type of “pen” which we use to analyze, write and present everything from an article, a thesis, a research paper to a company report, and things alike. Since writing is an essential part of academic life, and since students struggle to produce quality papers, AI powered writing is gaining popularity on campuses. AI is so powerful that it can help with idea development, research design, content development, literature review, data management, as well as help with editing and reviewing of books. AI-powered writing can improve the grammar, structure, and help with citation s and consistency to disciplinary standards. Therefore, AI tools can help students, teachers and researchers to overcome the challenges of academic writing, boost research productivity and improve efficiency. However, AI may seem human, but it is not. It may appear accurate, yet it isn’t. It may look intelligent, yet it is not. It may also seem to understand, but it can’t. An analysis done with the help of AI tools with seemingly high efficiency can be neither valid (有效的) nor reliable. Although AI can help write a seemingly nicely structured, grammatically correct and even precisely referenced paper, its research results can’t be accepted as authentic (真实的), because they cannot fully meet the real purpose of research or education as a whole. That is why many universities have been keeping students from using AI tools for academic writing, and have conducted rules limiting, if not altogether banning the use of Generative AI in academic writing. According to a survey of the world’s 100 top universities by Scriber on their attitude to AI writing tools, 18 percent have banned the use of ChatGPT, although individual instructors could allow its use, 27 percent have no clear guidance or policy, and 51 percent have left the decision on individual instructors. Only 4 percent of the universities allow the use of AI (with citation) unless instructors forbid it. 12．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The importance of academic writing. B．The potential users of AI-powered writing. C．The challenges faced by researchers and scholars. D．The popularity of AI-powered writing on campuses. 13．What may be the author’s attitude towards a research report written by AI? A．Negative. B．Dismissive. C．Positive. D．Unclear. 14．Who have the right to decide the use of Al in academic writing in most universities? A．Fund sponsors. B．Individual instructors. C．Would-be graduates. D．Producers of AI tools. 15．Which idiom can best describe AI-powered writing? A．A wet blanket. B．A pie in the sky. C．A double-edged sword. D．A big fish in a small pond. 22.（2025·广东省部分学校高三上学期8月大联考）A wearable health monitor developed by Washington State University researchers can reliably measure levels of important biochemicals in sweat during physical exercise. The 3D- printed monitor could someday provide a simple and non- invasive (无创的) way to track health conditions and diagnose common diseases, such as diabetes, kidney disease or heart disease. Reporting in the journal, ACS Sensors, the researchers were able to accurately monitor the levels of volunteers’ glucose (葡萄糖) and uric acid (尿酸). “Diabetes is a major problem worldwide,” said Chuchu Chen, the first author of the paper. “I think 3D printing can make a difference to the healthcare fields, and I wanted to see if we can combine 3D printing with disease detection methods to create a device like this.” For their new health monitor, the researchers used 3D printing to make the health monitors in a unique, one- step manufacturing process. The researchers used a single- atom catalyst and enzymatic reactions to enhance the signal and measure low levels of the biomarkers. Three biosensors on the monitor change color to indicate the specific biochemical levels. Sweat contains many important chemicals that can indicate health conditions, but, unlike blood sampling, it’s non- invasive. Levels of uric acid in sweat can indicate the risk of developing kidney disease or heart disease. Glucose levels are used to monitor diabetes. But the amount of these chemicals in sweat is tiny and can be hard to measure, the researchers noted. While other sweat sensors (传感器) have been developed, they are complex and need specialized equipment and expertise to make. When the researchers compared the new monitors on volunteers’ arms to lab results, they found that their monitor was accurately and reliably measuring the concentration of the chemicals. The researchers are now working to further improve the device design and validation. They are also hoping to commercialize the technology. 12．What does Chuchu Chen stress? A．The application of 3D printing in real life. B．The way to make 3D printing develop quickly. C．The integration of 3D printing and medical technology. D．The change in people’s health caused by 3D printing. 13．What can we know about sweat from the text? A．The chemicals in it can reflect health conditions. B．Using it to monitor different diseases is invasive. C．It contains some chemicals that cause heart disease. D．The researchers find it difficult to measure its amount. 14．What is the advantage of the health monitor over other sweat sensors? A．It’s easier to operate. B．It’s more specialized. C．It’s more commonly used. D．It’s more environmentally friendly. 15．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．3D printing is used to monitor diseases B．Sweat can help treat some common diseases C．Blood sampling isn’t as accurate as sweat monitoring D．A sweat health monitor measures levels of disease markers 23.（2025·广东省佛山市H7联盟高三摸底联考）We used to write with a pen. Now we generally write on a computer with the help of keyboard. In this digital age, artificial intelligence has become a new type of “pen” which we use to analyze, write and present everything from an article, a thesis, a research paper to a company report, and things alike. Since writing is an essential part of academic life, and since students struggle to produce quality papers, AI powered writing is gaining popularity on campuses. AI is so powerful that it can help with idea development, research design, content development, literature review, data management, as well as help with editing and reviewing of books. AI-powered writing can improve the grammar, structure, and help with citation s and consistency to disciplinary standards. Therefore, AI tools can help students, teachers and researchers to overcome the challenges of academic writing, boost research productivity and improve efficiency. However, AI may seem human, but it is not. It may appear accurate, yet it isn’t. It may look intelligent, yet it is not. It may also seem to understand, but it can’t. An analysis done with the help of AI tools with seemingly high efficiency can be neither valid (有效的) nor reliable. Although AI can help write a seemingly nicely structured, grammatically correct and even precisely referenced paper, its research results can’t be accepted as authentic (真实的), because they cannot fully meet the real purpose of research or education as a whole. That is why many universities have been keeping students from using AI tools for academic writing, and have conducted rules limiting, if not altogether banning the use of Generative AI in academic writing. According to a survey of the world’s 100 top universities by Scriber on their attitude to AI writing tools, 18 percent have banned the use of ChatGPT, although individual instructors could allow its use, 27 percent have no clear guidance or policy, and 51 percent have left the decision on individual instructors. Only 4 percent of the universities allow the use of AI (with citation) unless instructors forbid it. 12．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The importance of academic writing. B．The potential users of AI-powered writing. C．The challenges faced by researchers and scholars. D．The popularity of AI-powered writing on campuses. 13．What may be the author’s attitude towards a research report written by AI? A．Negative. B．Dismissive. C．Positive. D．Unclear. 14．Who have the right to decide the use of Al in academic writing in most universities? A．Fund sponsors. B．Individual instructors. C．Would-be graduates. D．Producers of AI tools. 15．Which idiom can best describe AI-powered writing? A．A wet blanket. B．A pie in the sky. C．A double-edged sword. D．A big fish in a small pond. 24.（2025·广东省揭阳市两校联考高三月考）The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down. Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source. According to Dr Sam Fabian, study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist, moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest. For hundreds of millions of years, this was the sky rather than the ground. The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level. But then came artificial lighting. Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps. This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evolution. Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab. The videos reveal that time and again, moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights, which appeared to greatly change their flight paths. If the light is above them, they might start orbiting it, but if it’s behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground. Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect populations. Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats. The artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime, causing them to bed down and skip a night’s feeding. There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. “What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects? For we’re facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,” Fabian said. 8．What do the underlined words “nailed down” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Popularized widely. B．Discussed openly. C．Defined accurately. D．Explored academically. 9．Fabian’s study found that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because ______. A．they can’t keep their balance. B．they use improper flight attitude. C．they lose track of which way is up. D．they are attracted to lights from far away. 10．What is the significance of the research finding? A．It may lead to better conservation of insects. B．Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of. C．Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night. D．It may raise concerns for insects’ eating behavior. 11．What is the text mainly about? A．Why insects lose their ability to fly at night. B．Why artificial light and evolution trap insects. C．How artificial light impacts insect populations. D．How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight. 25.（2025·广东省两校高三上学期联合模拟）Bruce, a parrot missing part of his beak (喙) , creatively uses stones to clean feathers (羽毛) , highlighting advanced intelligence in parrots. Bruce lost the upper part of his beak in 2012 and was sent to live at a reserve in New Zealand. The defect made Bruce unable to search for food on his own, let alone keep his feathers clean with his beak. But in 2021, when comparative psychologist Bastos arrived at the reserve with colleagues to study parrots, zookeepers reported something strange: Bruce had seemingly figured out how to select and use small stones to clean his own feathers with his beak. Over nine days, the team kept a close eye on Bruce, quickly taking, videos if he started cleaning his feathers. It turned out that Bruce had indeed invented his own way to do so, the researchers reported in Scientific Reports. “It’s crazy because the behavior was not from the wild,” Bastos says. When Bruce arrived at the reserve, he was too young to learn how to clean his feathers. And no other bird in the reserve uses stones in this way. “It seems like he just invented this tool use for himself,” she says. Tool use is just one of parrots’ many talents. They’re famous for copying and even understanding human speech. Some species can also solve complex puzzles, like how to enter a covered rubbish bin or practice self-control. For a concept as abstract (抽象的)  as intelligence, it’s challenging to develop a definition that applies across animals. Researchers often point to features once thought to make humans special—enhanced learning, memory, attention and movement control—as signs of advanced skills. However, many of these abilities can also be seen in parrots, as well as other animals like chimpanzees, dolphins and elephants. “Parrots are our evolutionary (进化的)  mirror image. These brilliant birds may teach us about how humanlike intelligence can appear,” behavioral ecologist Antone wrote in his 2022 book The Parrot in the Mirror. With powerful brains and a preference for words, these birds are “the very best example,” he writes, “of nature’s ‘other try’ at humanlike intelligence.” 12．What does the underlined word “defect” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Disadvantage. B．Playfulness. C．Cruelty. D．Measure. 13．Why did Bastos and her team watch Bruce closely? A．To observe how he lives alone. B．To find out how he gets food. C．To prove his ability to defend himself. D．To confirm his reported behavior. 14．What can be known concerning the parrots? A．They do well in critical thinking. B．They’re born skillful at using tools. C．They can complete complicated tasks. D．They can’t match other animals in memory. 15．What’s the significance of studying the parrots? A．Offering an insight into human behavior. B．Helping further research other species of birds. C．Learning more about parrots’ living environment. D．Giving reference for the evolution of humanlike intelligence. 26.（2025·广东省深圳市罗湖区高三上学期第一次摸底）Whether playing tricks or holding funerals in the wild, crows have surprised the public with their unexpected capabilities. But their “intelligence” knows no bounds. A new study published in Current Biology revealed for the first time that crows can use statistical logic to solve problems. Crows have a large brain for their size and a particularly noticeable forebrain, associated with statistical and analytical reasoning in humans. “In our lab, crows have shown complicated numerical competence and careful consideration during decision-making,” said Dr. Melissa Johnston, a fellow at the University of Tübingen. In her recent work, Johnston and her team pushed these abilities to a new extreme, testing statistical reasoning. In the experiment, two crows were first trained to peck (啄) at various images on touchscreens to earn food treats; and gradually they had to choose between two of these images, each corresponding to a different reward probability. “Crows were tasked with learning rather abstract quantities and then applying that combination of information in a reward maximizing way,” Johnston detailed. Over 10 days of training and 5,000 trials, the two crows managed to pick the higher probability of reward, showing their ability to use statistical inference. To researchers’ much surprise, even after a month without training, the crows still perform well every time. Statistical reasoning involves using limited information about a situation to draw conclusions and make decisions. People unknowingly use such cognitive ability every day. When we select cafes for social meetups, our brains automatically weigh collected statistics from past observations and favor the one more capable of meeting needs. Similarly, crows remembered and analyzed the connections between the images and the reward probabilities to make themselves get the most treats possible. Crows once symbolized misfortune and death, causing them disliked even killed by people. Actually, they are among the few animals to adapt to urbanization successfully due to underestimated intelligence. “I think these studies do help change public views and improve our relationship with these lovely animals,” Johnston stated. 12．What makes crows’ intelligence possible? A．Their limitless abilities of tricks. B．Their social leaning in the wild. C．Their physical structure of brains. D．Their training received in the lab. 13．Which of the following best describes the research process in paragraph 3? A．Instruct, task, and retest. B．Train, perform, and record. C．Assume, prove, and reflect. D．Prepare, teach, and examine. 14．How does the author explain statistical inference in paragraph 4? A．By sharing a personal experience. B．By quoting a previous study. C．By making a detailed comparison. D．By using a common example. 15．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Food Prize Competition: Crows Choosing Rewards. B．Urban Bird Survival Strategies: Living with People. C．Beyond Tricks: Surprise of Crows’ Statistical Reasoning. D．Animal Behavior Study: Training Crows in Experiments. 27.（2025·湖北省腾云联盟高三上学期8月联考）Children who were behind in their development at age 4-5were almost three times as likely to have been out of education, employment, or training at age 16-17, analysis of pupil data has found. 4-5-ycar-olds in England are assessed by the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile, and those who reach the boundary of a “good level of development” are considered “school ready”. The new study in the journal BMC Public Health has found a significant gap in Not in Education, Employment or Training（NEET）outcomes between those who were ready and unready for primary school. The research drew on data from more than 8,000 Bradford young people whose records are linked as part of the Connected Bradford project. The research found that 11%of children who were not school ready went on to be NEET at 16-17, compared to just 4%of children who were school ready. Lead author Dr Matthew Warburton, Research Officer at Leeds’School of Psychology, said: “These findings tell us that there are clear, early indicators for children and young people being at risk of disadvantage in late adolescence. As schools routinely collect this data, the research could be used to kickstart early intervention in schools based on primary school readiness.” The research team, which also included academics from Lancaster University and the Bradford Institute for Health Research, say this shows a clear need for early intervention by schools to reduce disadvantage in later life. This echoes the message from a series of N8 Child of the North and Centre for Young Lives reports on the need to put children and young people first. Senior author Dr Amy Atkinson, Lecturer in the Department of Psychology at Lancaster University said: “Data from the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile is readily available for millions of children and young people in England. This information could, and should, be used to identify pupils at increased risk of becoming NEET.” 8．What does the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile probably do? A．Record employment status. B．Monitor teenagers’progress. C．Evaluate primary school students. D．Assess 4-5-year-olds’development. 9．What does Dr Matthew imply about the current situation of schools? A．They lack data for early intervention. B．They lack data to identify at-risk students. C．Early intervention is required. D．Early intervention have been done. 10．What do we know about the data according to the last paragraph? A．It is rarely used in England. B．It is not enough for identifying NEET youth. C．It is used effectively for the NEET issue. D．It can solve the issue of NEET youth. 11．The passage is structured in the following way. A．Introducing a topic-Describing related studies -Making suggestions B．Making a claim -Providing evidence-Drawing a conclusion C．Presenting a problem -Analyzing the causes -Offering solutions D．Raising a question-Discussing different opinions -Reaching an agreement 28.（2025·湖北省腾云联盟高三上学期8月联考）Researchers say they’ve used cutting-edge gravitational wave research to cast new light on a mystery — a 2000-year-old computer, the Antikythera mechanism found in shipwreck. Well over a century after its discovery, researchers at the University of Glasgow say they’ve used statistical modeling techniques, originally designed to analyze gravitational waves — ripples in spacetime caused by major events in the universe such as two black holes combining —to suggest that the Antikythera mechanism was likely used to track the Greek lunar year. In short, it’s a fascinating collision between modern-day science and the mysteries of an ancient artifact. In a 2021 paper, researchers found that previously discovered and regularly spaced holes in a “calendar ring” were marked to describe the “motions of the sun, moon, and all five planets known in ancient Greeks and how they were displayed at the front as an ancient Greek universe.” Now, in a new study published in the Official Journal of the British Horological Institute, University of Glasgow gravitational wave researcher Graham Woan and researchassociate Joseph Bayley suggest that the ring was likely perforated (打孔)with 354 holes, which happens to be the number of days in a lunar year. The team used statistical models derived from gravitational wave research, a large-scale physics experiment designed to measure ripples in spacetime millions of light-years from Earth and Bayesian analysis, a technique using probability to quantify uncertainty based on incomplete data, to calculate the likely number of holes in the mechanism using the positions of the surviving holes and the placement of the ring’s surviving six fragments. Surprisingly, the inspiration for the study came from a YouTuber Chris Budiselic, who has been attempting to physically recreate the ancient mechanism and investigating ways to determine just how many holes it contained. “It’s a neat symmetry that we’ve adapted techniques we use to study the universe today to understand more about a mechanism that helped people keep track of the heavens nearly two millennia ago,” Woan said. “We hope that our findings about the Antikythera mechanism, although less supernaturally spectacular than those made by Indiana Jones, will help deepen our understanding of how this remarkable device was made and used by the Greeks,” Woan sadded. 12．What was the original purpose of the statistical modelingtechniques? A．To study the Antikythera mechanism. B．To investigate ancient artifacts. C．To track the Greek lunar year. D．To analyze gravitational waves. 13．How did the researchers calculate the likely number of holes in the mechanism? A．By using statistical models and Bayesian analysis. B．By observing the mechanism directly. C．By asking YouTuber Chris Budiselic. D．By observing the physical recreation of the mechanism. 14．The underlined term “Bayesian analysis” in paragraph 4 refer to a technique. A．to recreate an ancient mechanism. B．to measure ripples in spacetime. C．to calculate uncertainty based on insufficient data. D．to calculate the positions of the surviving holes. 15．What is the main idea of the text? A．Modern science was ideally combined with an ancient artifact. B．The Antikythera mechanism was discovered in a shipwreck. C．The mystery of the Antikythera mechanism remains unsolved. D．Gravitational wave research revealed the Antikythera mechanismt. 29.（2025·湖南师范大学附属中学高三上学期月考试卷（一））Power often boosts an employee’s creativity because being powerful liberates the individual from restrictions. However, new research shows that employees who are not in position s of power can become more creative when given time to “warm up” by engaging in the creative tasks more than once. “This is important because when people with more power are able to express their creative ideas more than those with less power, it leads to rich-get-richer dynamics that strengthen these power imbalances,” said Brian Lucas, an assistant professor at Cornell University. “Understanding ways to boost the creativity of lower-power workers can help them find the right way to deal with this low-power disadvantage,” Lucas said. Lucas and his colleagues conducted three studies to reach their conclusion. In the first study, they divided the creative idea generation session into two rounds: a one-minute “warm-up” followed by a second round in which the participants could take as long as they wanted. Participants were randomly assigned to a high-power condition or a low-power condition, and feelings of power were generated with a role manipulation (操纵) where participants were given a leadership role with control over resources (high power) or an employee role with no control over resources (low power). The study found that high-power individuals were more creative than low-power individuals in the warm-up round. There was no difference, though, in creativity in the second round. In the second study, the researchers gave them a different creative task and increased the number of rounds from two to five, participants taking as long as they like to complete the task. Consistent with the first study, the study found that high-power individuals were more creative than low-power individuals in the first round. But the creativity of low-power individuals caught up with the creativity of the high-power individuals after the first round. Results of the third study demonstrated that a different creativity task can also warm up low-power people for an unrelated creativity task. “Given the high value of creative ideas for organizations, it is vital to develop approaches that empower all employees to tap their creative potential,” Lucas said. “The low-power warm-up effect suggests a simple intervention that empowers all employees to tap their creative potential and overcomes power imbalances in the workplace: when pursuing creative work, let employees warm up first.” 12．Why does Lucas think it important to boost the creativity of lower-power workers? A．It maintains power imbalances. B．It motivates their ambition to catch up. C．It creates a competitive work environment. D．It encourages a workplace with more equality. 13．How did Lucas and his co-authors stimulate feelings of power in the participants? A．Through a creative task with time limits. B．Through providing them with different positions. C．Through a competition between leaders and employees. D．Through assigning them to different conditions intentionally. 14．What can describe the relationship between power and creativity according to the studies? A．It’s fixed. B．It’s dynamic. C．It’s unpredictable. D．It’s irrelevant. 15．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Higher power contributes to more creativity B．Changing tasks boosts all the employees’ creativity C．“Warm-up time” bridges creativity imbalances D．Low-power individuals outperform the high-power ones ( 58 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年新高考优秀英语模拟试题优选分类汇编 阅读理解之研究报告 分类标准（新素材） 研究报告类说明文经常出现在英语试题中的CD篇，难度适中上。本资料选取了全国模拟试题中的研究报告素材进行了汇编，以满足广大师生的需求。 1.（2025·甘青宁三省多校高三九月联考） Picture this: Your computer could sense your emotions as you worked — feeling your joy at completing a task, your boredom during repetitive data entry, or your frustration when an error message keeps emerging. This might sound like science fiction, but researchers are bringing this vision closer to reality by developing advanced computational models that can predict human emotions during computer interactions. At the forefront of this effort is a team of Finnish scientists who have created a model. The model essentially puts itself in the user’s shoes, simulating (模拟) the series of actions, outcomes, and cognitive appraisals (认知评估) that ultimately give rise to emotions like happiness, boredom, or frustration. To test their model, the researchers designed a series of interactive computer tasks meant to cause specific emotions. In the “happiness” task, users answered a series of questions and received positive feedback for correct responses. The “boredom” task involved a series of repetitive questions. In the “frustration” task, the system was intentionally programmed to display error messages and ultimately fail, regardless of the user’s answers. As study participants worked through these tasks, the emotional reactions predicted by the model closely matched the emotions reported by the users themselves. The model was even able to discover small changes, such as a steady increase in frustration over the course of the error-ridden task. The researchers believe their emotion-predicting model could pave the way for a new generation of emotionally intelligent computers that can tailor their behavior to the user’s psychological state. An effective system might offer a stressed user comforting words of encouragement, liven up a boring task with humor, or provide emotional assistance when frustration mounts. “By creating interactions that are more emotionally attuned, designers could boost user engagement, productivity, and overall well-being,” they add. However, the model is still in progress and needs to be extended to recognize a wider range of emotions across more complex, real-world computer interactions. The researchers also emphasize the importance of gathering more diverse training data to ensure the model can accurately predict emotions for users of all backgrounds. 32．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By making a comparison. B．By creating an imaginary scene. C．By telling a real life story. D．By sharing a popular book. 33．What were computer users asked to do in the study? A．Comfort each other. B．Report their feelings. C．Get rid of boredom. D．Stay disconnected online. 34．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Great improvements on the model. B．Characteristics of future computer users. C．Researchers’ expectation of their model. D．Computer users’ responses to the model. 35．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Smart Computers May Replace Humans B．Interactions with Computers Are Enjoyable C．Computers Might Understand Our Emotions D．An Emotion-predicting Model Meets Challenges 【答案】32．B 33．B 34．C 35．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。芬兰科学家设计了能够预测人类在使用计算机过程中所展现的情绪的计算机模型。这一模型有望为新一代的情感智能计算机铺路。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Picture this: Your computer could sense your emotions as you worked— feeling your joy at completing a task, your boredom during repetitive data entry, or your frustration when an error message keeps emerging. (想象一下：你的电脑可以在你工作时感觉到你的情绪——感觉到完成任务的快乐，重复数据输入时的无聊，或者当错误消息不断出现时的沮丧。) ”可知，作者通过创造一个想象中的场景来引入文本的主题，即计算机能够感知用户的情绪。故选B项。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the “happiness” task, users answered a series of questions and received positive feedback for correct responses. The “boredom” task involved a series of repetitive questions. In the “frustration” task, the system was intentionally programmed to display error messages and ultimately fail, regardless of the user’s answers. (在“幸福”任务中，用户回答了一系列问题，并收到了正确答案的积极反馈。“无聊”任务涉及一系列重复的问题。在“挫折”任务中，系统被有意编程为显示错误消息并最终失败，而不管用户的答案如何。) ”可知，参与者在不同任务中被要求回答问题、接受反馈等任务，而这些任务设计的目的是引发特定的情绪，即计算机使用者在研究中需要告知他们的感受。故选B项。 34．主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“The researchers believe their emotion-predicting model could pave the way for a new generation of emotionally intelligent computers that can tailor their behavior to the user’s psychological state. (研究人员相信，他们的情绪预测模型可以为新一代情绪智能计算机铺平道路，这些计算机可以根据用户的心理状态调整他们的行为。) ”可知，本段主要介绍了研究人员对这个模型的期待——希望它能为新一代的情感智能计算机铺路，而不是模型本身的改进、未来计算机用户的特点或计算机用户对模型的反应。故选C项。 35．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Picture this: Your computer could sense your emotions as you worked— feeling your joy at completing a task, your boredom during repetitive data entry, or your frustration when an error message keeps emerging. (想象一下：你的电脑可以在你工作时感觉到你的情绪——感觉到完成任务的快乐，重复数据输入时的无聊，或者当错误消息不断出现时的沮丧。) ”和第二段“At the forefront of this effort is a team of Finnish scientists who have created a model. The model essentially puts itself in the user’s shoes, simulating (模拟) the series of actions, outcomes, and cognitive appraisals (认知评估) that ultimately give rise to emotions like happiness, boredom, or frustration. (这项工作的最前沿是一个芬兰科学家团队，他们创建了一个模型。该模型本质上是设身处地地为用户着想，模拟一系列最终导致幸福、无聊或沮丧等情绪的行为、结果和认知评估。) ”可知，本文主要介绍了芬兰科学家设计的能够预测人类在使用计算机过程中所展现的情绪的计算机模型，这说明计算机也许能够理解人类的情绪了。故选C项。 2.（2025·甘青宁三省多校高三九月联考） Mammoths, the massive pre-historic ice age cousins of the modern-day elephant, have always been understood to have inhabited parts of British Columbia, but the question of when has always been woolly. Now, a new study from Simon Fraser University has given scientists the clearest picture yet of when the giant mammals (巨型哺乳动物) walked on Vancouver Island. As part of SFU researcher Laura Termes’ PhD and published earlier this month in the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, the study examined 32 suspected mammoth samples collected on Vancouver Island. Of those samples, just 16 were considered fit for radiocarbon dating. The youngest sample was found to be around 23,000 years old and the oldest turned out to be beyond the range radiocarbon dating could measure, meaning it was older than 45,000 years. Prior to the study, only two mammoth remains found on Vancouver Island had ever been dated before. Both lived around 21,000 years ago, so this study provides a greater understanding of when the massive mammals lived in the area. Termes says, “We were expecting similar results to the two samples previously dated, but what we found were mammoths that were much older. It is fantastic that they could be preserved for that long.” Termes says having the support at the Royal BC Museum and the Courtenay and District Museum and Palaeontology Centre allowing access to their collections is invaluable to the study. “This research highlights the important role of museum collections for understanding how life has evolved and changed in British Columbia’s deep history,” says Victoria Arbour, who works at the Royal BC Museum. “It’s great to see mammoths’relatives in the Royal BC Museum’s collections in the spotlight through this research.” “Researchers need all the help they can get because while mammoths were enormous, finding complete samples in British Columbia is actually quite rare,” says Termes. 28．What does the underlined word “woolly” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Certain. B．Attractive. C．Confusing. D．Understandable. 29．What can we know about radiocarbon dating according to the text? A．Mammoth remains were not dated by it. B．32 suspected mammoth samples were fit for it. C．It can exactly date the oldest mammoth sample. D．It measures samples no older than 45,000 years. 30．How does Termes feel about the research results? A．Excited. B．Regretful. C．Worried. D．Calm. 31．Why are museum collections mentioned in the text? A．To discuss a way to popularize local museums. B．To point out the limitations of sampling methods. C．To show complete mammoth samples were enormous. D．To stress research on mammoths calls for joint efforts. 【答案】28．C 29．D 30．A 31．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。猛犸象是现代大象的史前冰河时代的表亲，人们一直认为它们居住在不列颠哥伦比亚省的部分地区，但时间问题总是模糊不清。如今，研究人员有了新发现。 28．词句猜测题。由文章第一段“Mammoths, the massive pre-historic ice age cousins of the modern-day elephant, have always been understood to have inhabited parts of British Columbia, but the question of when has always been woolly. Now, a new study from Simon Fraser University has given scientists the clearest picture yet of when the giant mammals (巨型哺乳动物) walked on Vancouver Island. (猛犸象是现代大象在史前冰河时代的表亲，人们一直认为它们在不列颠哥伦比亚省的部分地区有栖息地，但具体是什么时候的问题一直很woolly。现在，西蒙弗雷泽大学的一项新研究为科学家们提供了迄今为止最清晰的画面，即巨型哺乳动物何时在温哥华岛行走。)”可知，关于猛犸象何时在温哥华岛生存的问题一直是模糊的，因此woolly在此处表示“令人困惑的”。A. Certain当然；B. Attractive吸引人的；C. Confusing令人困惑的；D. Understandable可以理解的。故选C。 29．细节理解题。由文章第三段“The youngest sample was found to be around 23,000 years old and the oldest turned out to be beyond the range radiocarbon dating could measure, meaning it was older than 45,000 years. (最年轻的样本大约有23000年的历史，而最古老的样本超出了放射性碳测年法可以测量的范围，这意味着它的历史超过了45000年。)”可知，通过放射性碳定年法可以测量到的样品最老不会超过45,000年。故选D。 30．推理判断题。由文章第五段中的“Termes says, “We were expecting similar results to the two samples previously dated, but what we found were mammoths that were much older. It is fantastic that they could be preserved for that long.” (特尔梅斯说：“我们期待与之前确定日期的两个样本的结果相似，但我们发现的是更古老的猛犸象。它们能被保存这么长时间真是太棒了。”)”可知，他对研究结果感到非常兴奋，认为能够保存这么长时间的猛犸象是非常了不起的。故选A。 31．推理判断题。由文章倒数第三段中的“Termes says having the support at the Royal BC Museum and the Courtenay and District Museum and Palaeontology Centre allowing access to their collections is invaluable to the study. (特尔梅斯说，得到皇家不列颠哥伦比亚省博物馆、考特尼和地区博物馆以及古生物学中心的支持，允许他们访问他们的藏品，对这项研究来说是无价的。)”可知，博物馆的藏品对于这项研究非常重要，因为博物馆提供了支持和访问其藏品的机会。因此，博物馆藏品在文章中被提及是为了强调猛犸象的研究需要各方的共同努力。故选D。 3.（2025·福建省宁德市蕉城区宁德第一中学高三一模）When I teach research methods, a major focus is peer review. As a process, peer review evaluates academic papers for their quality, integrity and impact on a field, largely shaping what scientists accept as “knowledge”- By instinct, any academic follows up a new idea with the question, “Was that peer reviewed?” Although I believe in the importance of peer review and I help do peer reviews for several academic journals-I know how vulnerable the process can be. I had my first encounter with peer review during my first year as a Ph. D student. One day, my adviser handed me an essay and told me to have my -written review back to him in a week. But at the time, I certainly was not a “peer” — I was too new in my field. Manipulated data (不实的数据) or substandard methods could easily have gone undetected. Knowledge is not self-evident. Only experts would be able to notice them, and even then, experts do not always agree on what they notice. Let’s say in my life I only see white swans. Maybe I write an essay, concluding that all swans are white. And a “peer” says, “Wait a minute, I’ve seen black swans.” I would have to refine my knowledge. The peer plays a key role evaluating observations with the overall goal of advancing knowledge. For example, if the above story were reversed, and peer reviewers who all believed that all swans were white came across the first study observing a black swan, the study would receive a lot of attention. So why was a first-year graduate student getting to stand in for an expert? Why would my review count the same as an expert’s review? One answer: The process relies almost entirely on unpaid labor. Despite the fact that peers are professionals, peer review is not a profession. As a result, the same over-worked scholars often receive masses of the peer review requests. Besides the labor inequity, a small pool of experts can lead to a narrowed process of what is publishable or what counts as knowledge, directly threatening diversity of perspectives and scholars. Without a large enough reviewer pool, the process can easily fall victim to biases, arising from a small community recognizing each other’s work and compromising conflicts of interest. Despite these challenges, I still tell my students that peer review offers the best method for evaluating studies and advancing knowledge. As a process, peer review theoretically works. The question is whether the issues with peer review can be addressed by professionalizing the field. 32．What can we learn about peer review in the first paragraph? A．It generates knowledge. B．It is commonly practiced. C．It is a major research method. D．It is questioned by some scientists. 33．What can be inferred about the example of swans? A．Complexity of peer review ensures its reliability. B．Contradictions between scientists may be balanced. C．Individuals can be limited by personal experiences. D．Experts should detect unscientific observation methods. 34．What is the author’s major concern about peer review? A．Workload for scholars. B．Toughness of the process. C．Diversification of publications. D．Financial support to reviewers. 35．The passage is mainly about ______. A．what fuels peer review B．why peer review is imperfect C．how new hands advance peer review D．whether peer reviewers are underrated 【答案】32．B 33．C 34．D 35．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是作者对于同行评议不完美的原因的分析。 32．推理判断题。根据第一段“By instinct, any academic follows up a new idea with the question, “Was that peer reviewed?”(出于本能，任何学者在提出新想法后都会问：“这个想法经过同行评议了吗？”)”可知，从第一段中我们可以了解到同行评议是普遍的做法。故选B。 33．推理判断题。根据第四段“Let’s say in my life I only see white swans. Maybe I write an essay, concluding that all swans are white. And a “peer” says, “Wait a minute, I’ve seen black swans.” I would have to refine my knowledge.(比方说，在我的生活中，我只看到白天鹅。也许我可以写一篇文章，总结说所有的天鹅都是白色的。一个“同伴”说，“等一下，我见过黑天鹅。”我得完善我的知识。)”可知，从天鹅的例子可以推断出个人可能会受到个人经历的限制。故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The process relies almost entirely on unpaid labor.(这个过程几乎完全依赖于无偿劳动力。)”和倒数第二段“As a result, the same over-worked scholars often receive masses of the peer review requests.(结果，同样是那些过度劳累的学者经常收到大量的同行评审请求。)”可知，作者对同行评议的主要担忧是对评审的财政支持。故选D。 35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Although I believe in the importance of peer review and I help do peer reviews for several academic journals-I know how vulnerable the process can be.(虽然我相信同行评议的重要性，我也为几家学术期刊做同行评议，但我知道这个过程有多脆弱。)”可知，本文主要讲的是作者对于同行评议不完美的原因的分析，因此B选项“why peer review is imperfect(为什么同行评议是不完美的)”是本文的主旨。故选B。 4.（2025·全国名校协作体高三上学期10月联考）In higher education, where meritocracy (任人唯贤 )and objectivity are highly valued, one might assume that the alphabetical order of students’ surnames plays no role in determining their academic success. However, recent research suggests otherwise. A study conducted by researchers at the University of Michigan, analyzing over 30 million grading records, reveals a surprising finding: students with surnames that appear earlier in the alphabet tend to receive higher grades compared to their counterparts with later alphabetical placements. This bias is particularly striking in large classes or courses where assignments are submitted digitally through platforms like Canvas, a widely used online learning management system. Systems like this typically arrange student submissions alphabetically by default (系统默认). As a result, students with surnames towards the end of the alphabet, such as those starting with Y or Z, tend to receive lower grades on average compared to their peers with surnames from the beginning of the alphabet. This phenomenon is attributed to an effect known as “sequential grading bias”, which refers to an unintentional advantage or disadvantage that students may face due to the order in which their work is evaluated. For example, job interview candidates who are interviewed later in the day may be rated more harshly compared to those who went earlier. In the context of alphabetical ordering, instructors often begin grading from the top of the list, where surnames starting with letters like A or B appear. This initial advantage can unintentionally influence grading patterns, where early papers might receive more favorable assessments compared to those evaluated later. However, the exams that are graded in the reverse order in which they are submitted may show an opposite trend. Educational institutions and policymakers are encouraged to explore alternative grading strategies that mitigate alphabetical biases. Suggestions include randomized grading orders, nameless submissions, or deliberate efforts to counteract first impressions through diverse evaluation criteria. By addressing these biases proactively, institutions can foster fairer and more inclusive learning environments where student performance is evaluated impartially based on merit rather than surname placement. 32．Why does the author mention Canvas in the context of the study? A．To promote the use of digital platforms for academic purposes. B．To highlight the popularity of online learning management systems. C．To emphasize the impact of digital learning platforms on grading biases. D．To demonstrate the diverse grading standards of digital learning platforms. 33．In the last paragraph, what does the underlined word “mitigate” mean? A．Complicate. B．Simplify. C．Fuel. D．Reduce. 34．According to the text, one suggested alternative grading strategy should be based on _________. A．the student’s surname B．random grading sequence C．random first impression D．the student’s submission time 35．Which of the following may be the best title for this passage? A．Inequality Issues via Digital Learning Systems B．Strategies for Overcoming Bias in Grading Systems C．Unintended Consequences of Alphabetical Grading D．The Cause of Sequential Grading on Student Performance 【答案】32．C 33．D 34．B 35．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员惊讶地发现：与按字母顺序排列较晚的学生相比，姓氏在字母表中出现较早的学生往往获得更高的成绩。 32．推理判断题。由文章第二段“This bias is particularly striking in large classes or courses where assignments are submitted digitally through platforms like Canvas, a widely used online learning management system. Systems like this typically arrange student submissions alphabetically by default (系统默认). As a result, students with surnames towards the end of the alphabet, such as those starting with Y or Z, tend to receive lower grades on average (这种偏见在通过Canvas等广泛使用的在线学习管理系统以数字方式提交作业的大班或课程中尤为明显。默认情况下，这样的系统通常按字母顺序排列学生提交的内容。因此，姓氏在字母表末尾的学生，如以Y或Z开头的学生，平均成绩往往较低)”可知，作者在研究中提到了Canvas，以强调数字学习平台对评分偏差的影响。故选C项。 33．词句猜测题。由最后一段“Educational institutions and policymakers are encouraged to explore alternative grading strategies that mitigate alphabetical biases.(鼓励教育机构和政策制定者探索 字母偏差的替代评分策略。)”以及上文可知，现在在线学习管理系统存在评分偏差问题，所以这里希望有新的平台可以“减少”这种字母偏差。所以猜测mitigate表“减少”的意思。故选D项。 34．细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Suggestions include randomized grading orders, nameless submissions, or deliberate efforts to counteract first impressions through diverse evaluation criteria. (建议包括随机评分顺序、匿名提交或通过不同的评估标准刻意抵消第一印象。)”可知，一种对现在评分策略替代的建议是按照随机序列评分。故选B项。 35．主旨大意题。由第二段“A study conducted by researchers at the University of Michigan, analyzing over 30 million grading records, reveals a surprising finding: students with surnames that appear earlier in the alphabet tend to receive higher grades compared to their counterparts with later alphabetical placements. (密歇根大学的研究人员进行的一项研究分析了3000多万条评分记录，揭示了一个令人惊讶的发现：与按字母顺序排列较晚的学生相比，姓氏在字母表中出现较早的学生往往获得更高的成绩。)”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲研究人员惊讶地发现与按字母顺序排列较晚的学生相比，姓氏在字母表中出现较早的学生往往获得更高的成绩。所以C项Unintended Consequences of Alphabetical Grading(按字母顺序评分的意外结果)符合文意。故选C项。 5.(2025·贵州遵义市高三第一次适应性) For millions of years, bees, moths and other pollinators have used scents (香气) to locate flowers and transfer pollen (花粉) to any flowers they later visit. But something is changing today. When the scents of flowers interact with certain air pollutants (污染物) at night, key scents are destroyed. Moths and other nighttime pollinators may find it hard to recognize the flowers they were seeking, researchers show. The Seattle team conducted field and lab tests with a plant — the pale evening primrose. Ecologist Jeremy Chan put bags over pale evening primroses to trap the flowers’ scent. Then he took the scent back to the lab, along with some moths. They released the primrose scent and moths into a wind tunnel that could mimic conditions in an outdoor field. At once, they watched the moths easily flying straight upwind and tracking the scent. But it was different when pollutants, like ozone and nitrogen dioxide, were added to the mix. Now, the moths flew in a “Z” line. They seemed to be seeking the scent — often without success. The team then decided to test its findings in nature at night. The result was the same. When this scent was mixed with the pollutants, moths’ visits dropped. Some moths even never found a single flower during the tests. Besides, the same reactions could hurt flowers’ scents by day. But because sunlight can break down ozone, the problem is likely more serious for night pollinators. As Earth’s climate warms, it’s likely that a mix of pollutants will continue to climb. Such conditions could worsen the pollution threat to flowers’ scents and plant pollination. “As we know, pollination is important to food growers”, noted Joel Thornton. He’s an atmospheric scientist in the team. He said pollution could pose a new type of threat to farming. 8. Why do moths have trouble finding out flowers today? A. Flowers’ scents interrupt moth. B. Pollutants affect flowers’ scents. C. Flowers are not available at night. D. Flowers are changing their scents. 9. How did the researchers get the findings? A By monitoring moths’ behaviors. B. By detecting the primrose scent. C. By analyzing the types of pollutants. D. By comparing scents with pollutants. 10. What did Joel Thornton think of the findings? A. Amusing. B. Promising. C. Satisfying. D. Worrying. 11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Pollinators: Lost in Pollutants B. Scents: Gone with the Wind. C. Pollinators: Master of a Garden. D. Scents: Nature’s Secret Language. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了最新的一项调查研究发现，空气中的污染物会对花的香味造成一定的影响，从而影响蜜蜂、飞蛾等授粉者寻找花源。调查研究者认为该现象同时会对农业造成一定的影响。 8. B细节理解题。根据第一段“When the scents of flowers interact with certain air pollutants (污染物) at night, key scents are destroyed.(当花朵的气味在夜间与某些空气污染物相互作用时，关键的气味就会被破坏)”可知，某些空气污染物与花香相互作用后，一些关键的香气就会受损，从而导致使授粉者很难找到花源。故选 B。 9. A推理判断题。根据第二段“At once, they watched the moths easily flying straight upwind and tracking the scent. But it was different when pollutants, like ozone and nitrogen dioxide, were added to the mix.(他们立刻看到飞蛾轻松地逆风飞行，追踪气味。但当臭氧和二氧化氮等污染物加入到混合物中时，情况就不同了)”以及“Now, the moths flew in a “Z” line. They seemed to be seeking the scent — often without success.(现在，飞蛾排成“Z”字形飞行。它们似乎在寻找气味，但往往没有成功)”可知，研究者们通过观察在有无污染物的环境中，飞蛾飞行行为的变化，从而确定污染物对飞蛾授粉的影响。故选A。 10. D推理判断题。根据第四段““As we know, pollination is important to food growers”, noted Joel Thornton. He’s an atmospheric scientist in the team. He said pollution could pose a new type of threat to farming.(“我们知道，授粉对粮食种植者很重要，”乔尔·桑顿指出。他是团队里的大气科学家。他说，污染可能对农业构成一种新的威胁)”可知，研究团队担心空气中的污染物质会对农业造成威胁，从而影响收成。故选D。 11. A主旨大意题。根据第一段“For millions of years, bees, moths and other pollinators have used scents (香气) to locate flowers and transfer pollen (花粉) to any flowers they later visit. But something is changing today. When the scents of flowers interact with certain air pollutants (污染物) at night, key scents are destroyed. Moths and other nighttime pollinators may find it hard to recognize the flowers they were seeking, researchers show.(数百万年来，蜜蜂、飞蛾和其他传粉媒介利用气味来定位花朵，并将花粉传递给它们以后访问的任何花朵。但今天有些事情正在发生变化。当花朵的气味在夜间与某些空气污染物相互作用时，关键的气味就会被破坏。研究人员表示，飞蛾和其他夜间传粉媒介可能很难识别它们正在寻找的花朵)”结合这篇文章中的研究对象为授粉者，研究发现空气中的污染物会对花的香味造成一定的影响，从而影响蜜蜂、飞蛾等授粉者寻找花源。A选项“传粉者：消失在污染物中”最符合文章标题。故选 A。 6.(2025·贵州遵义市高三第一次适应性) In the last few decades, scientists have made enormous breakthroughs in understanding how our brains work by monitoring them in real time with fMRI and PET scanners. When people are hooked up to these machines, tasks, such as reading or doing math problems, each have corresponding areas of the brain where activities can be observed. But when researchers got the participants to listen to music, they saw fireworks. Some areas of their brains were lighting up at once, as they processed the sound, took it apart to understand elements like melody and rhythm, and then put it all back together into combined musical experience. Yet when scientists turned from observing the brains of music listeners to those of musicians, the little backyard fireworks became a massive celebration. It turns out that playing music is similar to a full-body workout. Playing a musical instrument engages practically every area of the brain at once, especially the visual, auditory, and motor cortices (大脑皮层). The most obvious difference between listening to music and playing it is that the latter requires fine motor skills, which are controlled in both hemispheres (半球) of the brain. It also combines the linguistic and mathematical accuracy, in which the left hemisphere is more involved, with the novel and creative content that the right excels in. Because making music also involves crafting and understanding its emotional content and message, musicians often have higher levels of executive function. And, indeed, musicians exhibit enhanced memory functions, creating, storing, and retrieving memories more quickly and efficiently. Studies have found that’s because musicians use their highly connected brains to attach each memory to multiple labels, such as a conceptual label, an emotional label, an audio label, and a contextual label, like a good Internet search engine. The recent research about the mental benefits of playing music has advanced our understanding of mental function, revealing the inner rhythms and complex interplay that make up the amazing orchestra of our brain. 12. What does “fireworks” underlined in paragraph 1 refer to? A. A grand celebration of sound. B. An act of playing instruments. C. A burst of activities in the brain. D. A visual effect in performances. 13. In what way is playing music different from listening to music? A. It rarely depends on motor skills. B. It awakens most of the brain areas. C. It uses both hemispheres of the brain. D. It connects novel and creative content. 14. Why do musicians perform better memory functions? A. They practise instruments frequently. B. They label memories as different types. C. They connect the key information efficiently. D. They focus on the emotional content of music. 15. What is the main idea of the text? A. Listening to music has various mental benefits. B. Art activities have positive impacts on the brain. C. Playing music activates the brain more than listening. D. Those who play instruments are born more intelligent. 【答案】12. C 13. C 14. B 15. C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究发现音乐对大脑有积极影响，而且与听音乐相比，演奏音乐能激活更多的大脑区域，从而给演奏者带来更多的好处。 12. C词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“Some areas of their brains were lighting up at once, as they processed the sound, took it apart to understand elements like melody and rhythm, and then put it all back together into combined musical experience. (当他们处理声音的时候，他们大脑的某些区域会立刻活跃起来，把声音拆开来理解旋律和节奏等元素，然后把它们重新组合成综合的音乐体验)”可知，听音乐的人的大脑的某些区域活跃起来，开始处理听到的音乐。由此可知，画线词指的是大脑中突然出现的这些活动。故选C项。 13. C细节理解题。根据第三段中“The most obvious difference between listening to music and playing it is that the latter requires fine motor skills, which are controlled in both hemispheres (半球) of the brain. (听音乐和演奏音乐之间最明显的区别是后者需要精细的运动技能，这些技能是由大脑的两个半球控制的)”可知，演奏音乐与听音乐的不同在于前者使用大脑的两个半球。故选C项。 14. B细节理解题。根据第四段中“Studies have found that’s because musicians use their highly connected brains to attach each memory to multiple labels (研究发现，这是因为音乐家使用他们高度连接的大脑将每个记忆与多个标签联系起来)”可知，音乐家表现出更好的记忆功能是因为他们将记忆划分为不同的类型。故选B项。 15. C主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Yet when scientists turned from observing the brains of music listeners to those of musicians, the little backyard fireworks became a massive celebration. It turns out that playing music is similar to a full-body workout. (然而，当科学家们从观察音乐听众的大脑转向观察音乐家的大脑时，后院的小烟火变成了一场盛大的庆祝活动。事实证明，演奏音乐与全身锻炼类似)”可知，文章主要介绍了研究发现音乐对大脑有积极影响，而且与听音乐相比，演奏音乐能激活更多的大脑区域，从而给演奏者带来更多的好处。故选C项。 7.（2025·沧州市普通高中高三复习质量监测） The small hobby of chocolate is becoming a more costly one. Rapidly increasing prices for cocoa beans recently hit a record $12,000 a tonne: roughly four times last year’s price. Many think they will go higher. That may put small specialist producers out of business. Yet it is bringing little reward to struggling growers. The immediate cause is a bad harvest in West Africa—which produces 70% of the world’s beans—reflecting El Niño-linked weather patterns and disease. Major processing plants in Ghana and Ivory Coast, the main growers, have stopped or reduced operations because they cannot afford the beans. But underlying the crisis are longer-term issues including the climate crisis and the inability of farmers to invest in production due to their low incomes. Many West African growers are being forced out of the business after years of punishingly low returns for their work and—as trees come to the end of their life cycle—often selling land to gold miners, resulting in severe environmental degradation (恶化). Latin American farmers are rushing to plant cocoa due to the higher prices, abandoning other crops and deforesting new areas. But the likelihood, if production booms and the system does not change, is that by the time their new trees bear fruit, prices may be falling again. As serious as the situation looks, the attention demanded by the rocketing price of cocoa, and the introduction of EU Deforestation Regulation offer an opportunity. Faced with global heating, increasing conflict and energy price instability, depending on the free market is a poor bet. Treating food issues as financial instruments hurts farmers, destroys forests and worsens the instability of supply. The solution in this case is a commitment to stable minimum prices for cocoa farmers and long-term contracts. This would help to lift growers out of poverty and, in doing so, tackle other problems. Sustainable production is essential, and will even benefit consumers in the long run. It can’t be achieved by letting the free market run its course. 12. What might be the consequence of rising cocoa prices? A. Some small producers will fail. B. Cocoa farmers will benefit greatly. C. Fewer people will eat chocolate. D. Cocoa production will increase. 13. What will happen if more Latin American farmers plant cocoa? A. Other crops will boost production. B. Cocoa prices will go down. C. The environment will be improved. D. Old cocoa trees will be abandoned. 14. What is the author’s attitude towards the free market approach to cocoa problems? A. Defensive. B. Concerned. C. Optimistic. D. Indifferent. 15. What does the author suggest in order to solve the coco a problem? A. Allowing the free market to work. B. Giving cocoa farmers more freedom. C. Helping cocoa growers out of poverty. D. Promising a steady guaranteed price. 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. B 15. D 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章分析了可可豆价格上升的原因以及带来的一系列后果，并表达了自己对这一问题的看法，提出了解决方法。 12. A细节理解题。根据第一段二三四句“Rapidly increasing prices for cocoa beans recently hit a record $12,000 a tonne: roughly four times last year’s price. Many think they will go higher. That may put small specialist producers out of business. (迅速上涨的可可豆价格最近达到创纪录的每吨1.2万美元，大约是去年价格的4倍。许多人认为价格会走得更高。这可能会使小型专业生产商破产。)”可知，可可豆价格的上涨可能会让一些小型生产商破产。故选A。 13. B细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“Latin American farmers are rushing to plant cocoa due to the higher prices, abandoning other crops and deforesting new areas. But the likelihood, if production booms and the system does not change, is that by the time their new trees bear fruit, prices may be falling again.(由于可可价格上涨，拉丁美洲农民争相种植可可，放弃了其他作物，并在新的地区砍伐森林。但是，如果产量激增而制度不变，那么等到他们的新树结出果实时，价格可能会再次下跌。)”可知，如果拉丁美洲的农民大规模种植可可，最终可能导致价格再次下跌。故选B。 14. B推理判断题。根据第四段二三句“Faced with global heating, increasing conflict and energy price instability, depending on the free market is a poor bet. Treating food issues as financial instruments hurts farmers, destroys forests and worsens the instability of supply.(面对全球变暖、冲突加剧和能源价格不稳定，依靠自由市场是一个糟糕的赌注。将粮食问题视为金融工具会伤害农民，破坏森林，加剧供应不稳定。)”可知，作者认为依靠自由市场很糟糕，很担心这个方法会给农民造成伤害。故选B。 15. D细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“The solution in this case is a commitment to stable minimum prices for cocoa farmers and long-term contracts.(在这种情况下，解决方案是承诺为可可种植者提供稳定的最低价格，并签订长期合同。)”可知，作者认为要解决这个问题，是要保证可可的稳定的价格。故选D。 8.（2025·沧州市普通高中高三复习质量监测） In 1973, the National Hurricane Center introduced the Saffir-Simpson scale (created by Herbert Saffir and Robert Simpson), a five-category rating system that classified hurricanes by wind intensity. At the bottom of the scale was Category 1, for storms with sustained winds of 74 to 95 mph. At the top was Category 5, for disasters with winds of 157 mph or more. In the half-century since the scale first appeared, land and ocean temperatures have steadily risen as a result of greenhouse gas emissions (排放). Hurricanes have become more intense, with stronger winds and heavier rainfall. With disastrous storms regularly blowing past 157 mph, some scientists argue, the Saffir-Simpson scale no longer conveys the threat the biggest hurricanes present. The strongest hurricane recorded over the Pacific Ocean has a sustained wind of 215 mph. “That’s faster than a racing car. It’s a new and dangerous world,” said Michael F. Wehner, a co-author of a Category 6 paper. “The Saffir-Simpson scale is not all that good for warning the public of the danger of a storm,” Wehner said. The category scale measures only sustained wind speeds, which is just one of the threats a major storm presents. The rest are storm surges (风暴潮), flooding and big tides. But the National Hurricane Center has no plans to introduce a Category 6, primarily because it is already trying “to not emphasize the scale very much,” said Brennan, the National Hurricane Center director. Other meteorologists said that’s the right call. “I don’t see the value in it at this time.” Simplistic as they are, Herbert Saffir and Robert Simpson’s categories are the first things many people think of when they try to grasp the scale of a storm. In that sense, the scale’s persistence (持续存在) over the years helps people understand how much the climate has changed since its introduction. “What the Saffir-Simpson scale is good for is quantifying, showing that the most intense storms are becoming more intense because of climate change,” Wehner said. “It’s not like it used to be.” 8. Why does Wehner suggest a new rating system? A. To describe more intense hurricanes. B. To control greenhouse gas emissions. C. To avoid the threat of hurricanes timely. D. To better understand the nature of hurricanes. 9. What does Brennan think of the Category 6? A. Primary. B. Needless. C. Valuable. D. Incomplete. 10. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about the Saffir-Simpson scale? A. Its simplicity. B. Its long history. C. Its positive role. D. Its great change. 11. What can be the best title for this text? A. A New Rating System Is Approved B. Climate Change Caused More Hurricanes C. Extreme Weather Has Become a New Norm D. A Bigger Number Might Be Needed for Hurricanes 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. C 11. D 【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是自1973年国家飓风中心引入了Saffir-Simpson飓风量表以来的半个世纪里，由于温室气体的排放，陆地和海洋的温度稳步上升，飓风变得更加猛烈，风力更强，降雨量更大，针对于这种情况，Michael F. Wehner提出要建立一个新的评级系统以及专家们对于这种新的评级系统的不同看法。 8. C细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The strongest hurricane recorded over the Pacific Ocean has a sustained wind of 215 mph. “That’s faster than a racing car. It’s a new and dangerous world,” said Michael F. Wehner, a co-author of a Category 6 paper. (太平洋上有记录的最强飓风持续风速为每小时215英里。“这比赛车还快。这是一个危险的新世界，”一篇Category 6论文的合著者Michael F. Wehner说。)”以及文章第四段““The Saffir-Simpson scale is not all that good for warning the public of the danger of a storm,” Wehner said. The category scale measures only sustained wind speeds, which is just one of the threats a major storm presents. The rest are storm surges, flooding and big tides. (Wehner说：“Saffir-Simpson量表在警告公众风暴的危险方面并不那么好。”该级别仅衡量持续风速，这只是大风暴带来的威胁之一。其余的是风暴潮、洪水和大潮汐。)”可知由于太平洋上有记录的最强飓风持续风速为比赛车还快的每小时215英里，而大风暴带来的威胁除了持续风速以外还有风暴潮、洪水和大潮汐，而Saffir-Simpson量表仅衡量持续风速，因此Wehner认为Saffir-Simpson量表在警告公众风暴的危险方面并不那么好，所以为了更好地警告公众从而预防风暴所带来的危险需要有一个新的评级系统，由此可知Wehner推荐一个新的评级系统是为了及时避开飓风的威胁。故选C项。 9. B推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“But the National Hurricane Center has no plans to introduce a Category 6, primarily because it is already trying “to not emphasize the scale very much,” said Brennan, (但国家飓风中心还没有引入六级飓风计划，主要是因为它已经在努力“不太强调规模”，Brennan说)”以及““I don’t see the value in it at this time.” (“我现在看不出这有什么价值。”)”可知因为Category 6不太强调规模，所以Brennan认为引入Category 6没有什么价值，即没有必要。故选B项。 10. C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Simplistic as they are, Herbert Saffir and Robert Simpson’s categories are the first things many people think of when they try to grasp the scale of a storm. In that sense, the scale’s persistence over the years helps people understand how much the climate has changed since its introduction. “What the Saffir-Simpson scale is good for is quantifying, showing that the most intense storms are becoming more intense because of climate change,” Wehner said. “It’s not like it used to be.” (赫伯特·萨菲尔和罗伯特·辛普森的分类虽然过于简单，但当许多人试图掌握风暴的规模时，他们首先想到的是这些分类。从这个意义上说，该量表多年来的持续存在有助于人们了解自其引入以来气候发生了多大变化。“Saffir-Simpson量表的好处在于量化，表明由于气候变化，最强烈的风暴正变得更加强烈。”韦纳说，“和以前不一样了。”)”可知Saffir-Simpson飓风量表多年来的持续存在有助于人们了解自其引入以来气候发生了多大变化，由此可以推断最后一段主要讲的是Saffir-Simpson量表的积极作用。故选C项。 11. D主旨大意题。文章第一段“In 1973, the National Hurricane Center introduced the Saffir-Simpson scale (created by Herbert Saffir and Robert Simpson), a five-category rating system that classified hurricanes by wind intensity.( 1973年，国家飓风中心引入了萨菲尔-辛普森等级量表（由赫伯特·萨菲尔和罗伯特-辛普森创建），这是一个根据风力强度对飓风进行分类的五类评级系统。)”指出了1973年，国家飓风中心引入了萨菲尔-辛普森等级量表，文章二、三段和第四段集中指出自这种评价首次出现以来的半个世纪里，由于温室气体排放，陆地和海洋的温度稳步上升，飓风变得更强烈，风力更强，降雨量更大。一些科学家认为，由于灾难性的风暴经常超过每小时157英里，萨菲尔-辛普森评价量表不再传达目前最大飓风的威胁，所以Michael F. Wehner提出了6级评价系统，文章第五段“But the National Hurricane Center has no plans to introduce a Category 6, primarily because it is already trying “to not emphasize the scale very much,” said Brennan, the National Hurricane Center director. Other meteorologists said that’s the right call. “I don’t see the value in it at this time.”(但国家飓风中心主任 Brennan说，国家飓风中心没有引入6级评价的计划，主要是因为它已经在努力“不太强调规模”。其他气象学家表示，这是正确的决定。“我现在看不出这有什么价值。”)”指出因为 Category 6不太强调飓风规模，所以引进Category 6就没有必要，言外之意是应该引进其他形式的强调规模的评价系统。纵观全文，文章主要讲的是自从萨菲尔—辛普森等级量表引进以来，因为由于温室气体排放，陆地和海洋的温度稳步上升，飓风变得更强烈，风力更强，降雨量更大，所以萨菲尔—辛普森等级量表不能更好地警告公众风暴的危险，因此需要有一个新的评价系统，因为Category 6不再强调飓风规模，言外之意就是需要引进其他形式的强调规模的量级评价系统，所以D项A Bigger Number Might Be Needed for Hurricanes (飓风可能需要更大的量级系统)作为文章的标题最合适。故选D项。 9.（2025·河南省新高中创新联盟TOP二十名校高三调研） The IKEA effect, named after Swedish furniture giant, describes how people tend to value an object more if they make or assemble (组装) it themselves. More broadly, the IKEA effect tells how we tend to like things more if we’ve spent effort to create them. It goes without saying that we like to feel like we know what we’re doing; that we are capable of handling the tasks that are given to us and of dealing with barriers as they come up. In fact, our perceived self-efficacy — that is, our beliefs about our own abilities to perform well and take control of our lives—is an important component of our overall mental health. Research has provided good evidence that this self-efficacy can boost a role in the IKEA effect. In one experiment, researchers started out by giving participants four math problems to solve. One group got very easy problems (e.g. “How likely is it that a fair coin that is thrown once will come up heads?”), while the other received very difficult ones (e.g. “You have four coins. Three of the coins are normal, but one of them has heads on both sides. You pick a coin at random without looking. The coin you pick has heads on one side. What are the odds that if you turn the coin over, the other side will be tails?”). The goal of this part of the experiment was to control people’s sense of competence: the group that got the hard problems was likely to feel stressed out and incapable, while the easy problem group didn’t have their confidence shaken at all. After the math problems, participants were shown a picture of a bookcase from IKEA and asked whether they would prefer to buy it pre-assembled or to build it themselves. The results showed that people who had had their sense of competence challenged were more likely to say they’d prefer to assemble the bookcase on their own. In other words, feeling like we’re incapable of something increases our desire to prove ourselves and appear competent, leading us to overstate the value of things we have made. 12. What does the IKEA effect focus on? A. How to assemble furniture from IKEA. B. How Swedish furniture is made. C. How people like things they create. D. How to increase self-efficacy. 13. Why did the researchers give participants different math problems? A. To interpret their reactions. B. To affect their sense of confidence. C. To check their intelligence. D. To make the experiment funnier. 14. What does the text suggest about the IKEA effect? A. It only works for the assembly of furniture. B. It makes people undervalue everything they create. C. It has no influence on people’s purchasing decisions. D. It shows people’s psychological needs to feel competent. 15. How does the author support the topic of the text? A. By presenting an experiment. B. By giving some definitions. C. By listing different opinions. D. By sharing personal experiences. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是“IKEA效应”，即人们倾向于更加重视自己制作或组装的东西，以及这种倾向背后的心理学原理。 12. C细节理解题。根据第一段“The IKEA effect, named after Swedish furniture giant, describes how people tend to value an object more if they make or assemble (组装) it themselves.(宜家效应以瑞典家具巨头宜家命名，它描述了人们如何倾向于更重视自己制作或组装的物品。)”可知，宜家效应关注的是人们如何对自己创造的东西的喜爱。故选C。 13. B推理判断题。根据第三段“The goal of this part of the experiment was to control people’s sense of competence(这部分实验的目的是控制人们的能力感)”可知，给参与者不同的数学问题是为了影响他们的自信心。故选B。 14. D推理判断题。根据第三段“Research has provided good evidence that this self-efficacy can boost a role in the IKEA effect.(研究提供了充分的证据表明，这种自我效能感可以促进宜家效应。)”及第四段“In other words, feeling like we’re incapable of something increases our desire to prove ourselves and appear competent, leading us to overstate the value of things we have made.(换句话说，感觉自己无能为力会增加我们证明自己和表现出能力的欲望，导致我们夸大自己所做的事情的价值。)”可推断，宜家效应表明人有一种感觉自己有能力的心理需求。故选D。 15. A推理判断题。根据第三段“In one experiment, researchers started out by giving participants four math problems to solve. One group got very easy problems (e.g. “How likely is it that a fair coin that is thrown once will come up heads?”), while the other received very difficult ones (e.g. “You have four coins. Three of the coins are normal, but one of them has heads on both sides. You pick a coin at random without looking. The coin you pick has heads on one side. What are the odds that if you turn the coin over, the other side will be tails?”).(在一项实验中，研究人员首先让参与者解决四个数学问题。一组的问题非常简单（例如，“投掷一次公平硬币，正面朝上的可能性有多大？”），而另一组的问题则非常困难（例如，“你有四枚硬币。其中三枚硬币是正常的，但其中一枚两面都是正面。你在不看的情况下随机取出一枚硬币。你捡到的硬币一面是正面。如果你把硬币翻转过来，反面是反面的概率是多少？”）。)”可知，作者通过展示一个实验来支持文章的主题，故选A。 10.（2025·辽宁省大连市滨城高中联盟高三期中） Research into whether the human voice helps plants isn't conclusive. Even so, there are convincing reasons that chatting up your potted friends is good for them—and you. Plants don't interrupt when you' re speaking. They don't argue or ask difficult questions. And regardless of whether they're actually listening, research has shown them to be a calming presence. It's no wonder, then, that so many of us talk to ours. In a 2022 survey by trees. com. 50 percent of the 1, 250 respondents reported talking to their plants and trees. When asked why, 65 percent said they believe it helps them grow. The research. however, isn't definitive about this point. While studies have found that vibrations (震动) caused by sound do affect plants, the jury's still out on whether the human voice offers any specific benefit. A study in a 2003 issue of the journal Ultrasonics investigated the effects of classical music and the sounds of birds, insects and water on the growth of Chinese cabbage and cucumber. The conclusion? Both forms of sound exposure increased the vegetables' growth. “Plants definitely respond to vibrations in their environment — which can cause plants to grow differently and become more resistant to falling over, " says Heidi Appel. a professor of environmental sciences at the University of Toledo in Ohio. “Those vibrations can come from airborne (空气传播的) sounds or insects moving on the plants themselves. And plants will respond differently to tones and music than to silence. " Despite the lack of studies and evidence about the benefits of talking to your plants, there is at least one potential benefit. “If we identify with a living organism that we' re tasked with taking care of, we' re going to take better car c of it, " Appel says. For example, if talking to your plants helps you feel more connected to them, you might water, dust and prune (修剪) them more regularly and take other measures to care for them and help them thrive. 8. What does “the jury's still out” imply about the effect of the human voice on plants in the paragraph 3? A. The result is still up in the air. B. The fact will be proven. C. General agreement has been reached. D. The possibility is ruled out. 9. What does Heidi Appel suggest about the relationship between plants and humans? A. Plants prefer music over other sounds. B. Sound has little effect on plant growth. C. Feeling connected to plants can lead to better care. D. Plants can communicate with humans through sound. 10. What is the author's attitude to the benefits of talking to plants? A. Indifferent and unconvinced. B. Objective with a positive outlook. C. Critical and dismissive. D. Highly enthusiastic and supportive. 11. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The best ways to care for plants. B. The history of plant research. C. How talking to plants can affect them. D. The advantages of indoor gardening. 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了与自己养的盆栽植物聊天有利于其生长，同时对植物主人也有利这一研究。 8. A词句猜测题。划线部分后文提到“whether the human voice offers any specific benefit”（人类的声音是否有任何特殊的好处），此处表示人类的声音是否有好处仍未可知，说明这个研究尚无定论，结果仍悬而未决。故选A。 9. C细节理解题。最后一段提到““If we identify with a living organism that we' re tasked with taking care of, we' re going to take better car c of it, " Appel says. For example, if talking to your plants helps you feel more connected to them, you might water, dust and prune ( 修剪 ) them more regularly and take other measures to care for them and help them thrive.”（阿佩尔说：“如果我们认同我们有责任照顾的生命体，我们就会更好地照顾它。”例如，如果和你的植物交谈能让你感觉和它们更亲近，你可以更经常地给它们浇水、除尘和修剪，并采取其他措施来照顾它们，帮助它们茁壮成长。）由此判断，如果人类觉得与植物之间有关联，则会更加用心地照顾他们。故选C。 10. B推理判断题。第一段提到“Research into whether the human voice helps plants isn't conclusive.”（关于人类声音是否有助于植物的研究尚无定论。）以及最后一段提到“ Despite the lack of studies and evidence about the benefits of talking to your plants, there is at least one potential benefit.”（尽管缺乏关于与植物交谈的好处的研究和证据，但至少有一个潜在的好处。）由此判断，虽然人类声音与植物生长之间的关系尚无定论论，但是全文仍然从客观的角度上谈到了与植物交流的好处，作者对于与植物交谈这项研究整体是积极但客观的。故选B。 11. C主旨大意题。第一段提到“Research into whether the human voice helps plants isn't conclusive. Even so, there are convincing reasons that chatting up your potted friends is good for them—and you.”（关于人类声音是否有助于植物的研究尚无定论。即便如此，有令人信服的理由表明，和盆栽朋友聊天对它和你都有好处。）后文中还提到了人声、音乐、自然界的声音对于植物的生长都有促进作用，以及最后一段提到““If we identify with a living organism that we' re tasked with taking care of, we' re going to take better car c of it, " Appel says. For example, if talking to your plants helps you feel more connected to them, you might water, dust and prune (修剪) them more regularly and take other measures to care for them and help them thrive.”（阿佩尔说：“如果我们认同我们有责任照顾的生命体，我们就会更好地照顾它。”例如，如果和你的植物交谈能让你感觉和它们更亲近，你可以更经常地给它们浇水、除尘和修剪，并采取其他措施来照顾它们，帮助它们茁壮成长。）”由此判断，文章主要探讨与植物交谈可能带来的影响。故选C。 11.（2025·辽宁省大连市滨城高中联盟高三期中）Why does one plus one equal two? One possible answer is “It just does!” Math can seem like a world of rules you just have to follow, which makes it seem rigid and boring. Whereas my love of math is somewhat driven by my love of breaking rules, or at least pushing against them. Sometimes, one plus one can equal more than two. If you and your friend both have enough cash to buy one cup of coffee, then together you still might have enough to buy three. If one pair of tennis players gets together with another pair for an afternoon of tennis, there ends up being more than two pairs of tennis players because they could play in all sorts of different combinations. Sometimes, one plus one is just one, like if you put a pile of sand on top of another pile of sand, then you just get on c pile of sand. Or, as an art student of mine pointed out, if you mix one color with one color, you get one color. Actually, Math isn't really about getting the right answer. It's about building good justifications. I often hear parents complaining if children can do something one way, why do they need to know all these other ways? Imagine we were designing a jungle gym for children. We'd want to test it in every possible way to make sure it's safe. We'd want to jump on it, swing from it, fall from it and try to pull it out of the ground, rather than simply trusting that we built it well. The solidity of math comes from not wanting to trust things, but wanting to jump and swing and know that our framework will hold up. One of the reasons the framework is so strong is preciscly because we question it so deeply. I hope that we will start seeing mathematics as a place to pose questions and explore answers, rather than a place where the answers are fixed and we' re supposed to know them. And I hope we will place more emphasis on those who are curious, and who follow their curiosity on a journey that may be slow and without a clear destination, a quiet walk through the countryside rather than a race to the finish. 12. In what way does the author approach mathematical rules? A. Thinking outside the box. B. Following them strictly. C. Finding them entertaining. D. Recognizing their importance. 13. In the context of tennis players, what does the author mean by “one plus one can be more than two”? A. Tennis players can teach each other new techniques. B. More tennis equipment is needed for each additional player. C. The enjoyment of tennis doubles when more players are involved. D. Two pairs of tennis players can form multiple doubles combinations. 14. What is the purpose of mentioning the jungle gym in paragraph 5? A. To simplify the complexity of mathematical learning. B. To illustrate the value of diverse mathematical approaches. C. To demonstrate that math is only useful in practical applications. D. To argue that a single method is sufficient for understanding math. 15. What does the author hope for the future of mathematics? A. It will become more rule-based. B. It will focus on getting the correct answer. C. It will promote the joy of discovery. D. It will emphasize speed and efficiency. 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨数学的本质和价值，作者认为数学不仅仅是关于正确答案，而是关于构建合理的解释和证明。他通过日常生活中的例子说明，有时“一加一”可以等于更多或更少，这取决于具体情境。作者强调了数学的探索性和质疑精神的重要性，认为数学是一个提出问题和探索答案的地方，而不是一个固定答案需要被记忆的地方。他还希望人们能够更加重视那些好奇并跟随好奇心进行可能缓慢且没有明确目的地的旅程的人。 12. A推理判断题。根据第一段“Whereas my love of math is somewhat driven by my love of breaking rules, or at least pushing against them.(然而，我对数学的热爱在某种程度上是由我喜欢打破规则，或者至少挑战它们的热爱所驱动的)”可知，作者对数学的热爱在某种程度上是由喜欢打破规则，或者至少挑战它们的热爱所驱动的。由此推知，作者对数学规则的态度是跳出固有思维。故选A。 13. D推理判断题。根据第二段“If one pair of tennis players gets together with another pair for an afternoon of tennis, there ends up being more than two pairs of tennis players because they could play in all sorts of different combinations.(如果一对网球选手和另一对网球选手一起打一个下午的网球，最后会有不止两对网球选手，因为他们可以以各种不同的组合方式比赛)”可知，作者认为网球选手可以以各种不同的组合方式比赛。由此推知，作者的意思是两对网球选手可以形成多种双打组合产生“一加一可以大于二”的效果。故选D。 14. B推理判断题。根据第五段“Imagine we were designing a jungle gym for children. We'd want to test it in every possible way to make sure it's safe. We'd want to jump on it, swing from it, fall from it and try to pull it out of the ground, rather than simply trusting that we built it well. The solidity of math comes from not wanting to trust things, but wanting to jump and swing and know that our framework will hold up. One of the reasons the framework is so strong is preciscly because we question it so deeply.(想象一下，我们为孩子们设计一个丛林游乐场。我们会想尽一切可能的方法来测试它以确保它的安全。我们会想跳上去，从上面荡秋千，从上面掉下来，甚至试图把它从地上拔出来，而不是仅仅相信我们建造得很好。数学的稳固性来自于不想信任事物，而是想要跳跃和摆动，并知道我们的框架会保持稳固。这个框架之所以如此强大，正是因为我们对它进行了深入的质疑)”可知，作者通过提到丛林健身房说明多样化的数学方法的价值。由此推知，在第五段提到丛林健身房的目的是为了说明多样化的数学方法的价值。故选B。 15. C细节理解题。根据最后一段“I hope that we will start seeing mathematics as a place to pose questions and explore answers, rather than a place where the answers are fixed and we' re supposed to know them (我希望我们将开始把数学视为一个提出问题和探索答案的地方，而不是一个答案固定且我们应该知道它们的地方)”可知，作者希望数学的未来能够促进发现的乐趣。故选C。 12.（2025·辽宁省辽南协作体高三月考） Young kids’ brains are very sensitive (敏感的) to their moms’ voices, science has shown. But as kids grow into teens, everything changes. Teenagers’ brains are now more sensitive to strangers’ voices than those of their own moms’, new research shows. The researchers studied the brains of 7- to 16-year-olds as they listened to things said by their moms or by unfamiliar women. The words were gibberish: teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt. Using such meaningless words allowed the scientists to study the voices, not what they were saying. As the kids listened, certain parts of their brains became active. This was especially true in brain areas that help us to find rewards and pay attention. Daniel Abrams, a researcher at Stanford University, says that younger kids’ brains respond more strongly to their moms’ voices than to strangers’. However, in adolescence (青春期), we show the exact opposite. “These areas in the adolescent brains don’t stop responding to moms’ voices,” Abrams explains. “It’s just that unfamiliar voices become more worthy of attention. Here’s why: As kids grow up, they widen their social connections beyond their family. So their brains need to begin paying more attention to that wider world.” But moms’ voices still have special power, especially in times of stress, a 2011 study with girls showed. Levels of stress dropped when these girls heard their moms’ voices on the phone. The brain seems to adapt to new needs that come with adolescence. “As we grow up, our survival depends less and less on our moms’ support.” says Leslie Seltzer, a biological anthropologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “Instead we rely more and more on our friends and others doser to our own age.” “So while both teens and their parents may sometimes feel annoyed, that’s OK,” Abrams says. “This is the way the brain is wired, and there’s a good reason for it.” 8. What does the underlined word “gibberish” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Question. B. Story. C. Saying. D. Nonsense. 9. Why do teens become more sensitive to unfamiliar voices? A. They need more connections. B. They desire real understanding. C. They are tired of their moms. D. They have more energy to spare. 10. What are moms’ voices like to teens according to the 2011 study? A. Exciting. B. Unpleasant. C. Comforting. D. Strange. 11. What is Daniel Abrams’ opinion on teens’ change in their voice preference? A. It deserves scientific prevention. B. It is normal and understandable. C. It is discouraging and problematic. D. It negatively affects their growth. 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是当孩子们变成青少年时，陌生的声音会变得比妈妈的声音更有吸引力，这其中是有科学依据的。 8. D词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt”和“Using such meaningless words(用这些无意义的词语)”可推知，画线词gibberish的意思是“无意义的话”，与nonsense的意思最为接近。故选D。 9. A细节理解题。根据第四段“It’s just that unfamiliar voices become more worthy of attention. Here’s why: As kids grow up, they widen their social connections beyond their family. So their brains need to begin paying more attention to that wider world.(只是不熟悉的声音变得更值得关注。原因如下：随着孩子的成长，他们扩大了家庭以外的社会关系。所以他们的大脑需要开始更多地关注更广阔的世界。)”可知，青少年对陌生的声音反应更敏感是因为他们需要扩大自己的社交关系。故选A。 10. C推理判断题。根据第五段“But moms’ voices still have special power, especially in times of stress, a 2011 study with girls showed. Levels of stress dropped when these girls heard their moms’ voices on the phone.(但2011年一项针对女孩的研究显示，母亲的声音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在压力大的时候。当这些女孩在电话里听到妈妈的声音时，她们的压力水平下降了。)”可推断，对于青少年来说，妈妈的声音让青少年感到安慰。故选C。 11. B推理判断题。根据最后一段““So while both teens and their parents may sometimes feel annoyed, that’s OK,” Abrams says. “This is the way the brain is wired, and there’s a good reason for it.”(Abrams说：“所以，虽然青少年和他们的父母有时会感到恼火，但这没关系。”“这就是大脑的连接方式，这是有充分理由的。”)”可推断，Daniel Abrams认为青少年的声音偏爱的变化是正常且可以理解的。故选B。 13.（2025·辽宁省辽南协作体高三月考） Antaretica (南极洲) is the coldest place on Earth. It’s also the driest. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antaretica is technically a desert. Covering about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world. A high mountain range, the Trans- Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two. There are volcanoes too, but they are not very active. Antarctica holds 90% of the world’s ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course.98% of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap. On average it is two kilometers thick, but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometers. Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable (不宜居的) place. Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions. There are different types of penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales. But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days( the longest period of continuous darkness on earth), as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there. Only two types of flowering plants are found, while there are no trees on the large continent. The rest of the plants are made up of mosses, algae and lichen. Some forms of algae have adapted to grow on ice. Most of the ice has been there for thousands of years. As a result, it has become a window on the past, and can give researchers lots of useful information. Gases and minerals, in the’ form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the world’s climate was like in past ages. Antarctic rocks are also very important for research. Most of them are meteorites (陨石) from outer space. One rock, known as the “Alien” rock, may contain evidence of extra- terrestrial (外星人) life. Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north. They called it Anti- Arktikos, or Antarctica: the opposite of Aretic (北极). When Europeans discovered the continent of America in 15 century, the great age of exploration began. However, progress to the South Pole was slow. Not until the late 18h century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. Then in1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. The race to the pole had begun. It was finally reached on 11- December,1911 by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen. 12. What does the author mainly want to tell us in Paragraph 2? A. All Antarctic plants grow on ice. B. Animals can’t survive the Antarctic polar night. C. Antarctica has a great variety of plants. D. Despite the extreme conditions in Antarctica, many plants and animals live there. 13. What does the author intend to show with the example of the“ Alien(外星人)” rock? A. There are aliens in Antarctica. B. Meteorites all contain evidence of alien existence. C. There’s a lot to study in Antarctica. D. Rocks are rare in Antarctica. 14. What could we learn from the last paragraph? A. The Greek geographers found the Antarctica. B. James Cook was the first explorer who reached the South Pole. C. A Norwegian reached the South Pole first. D. Humans first set foot on the Antarctic mainland in 1911. 15. What makes the best title for the passage? A. A Race to the South Pole B. Antarctica: the Last Continent C. The wildlife of Antarctica D. Antarctica: A desert 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. C 15. B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南极洲的地理特征、气候、野生动植物以及科学研究价值等方面的信息。 12. D主旨大意题。根据第二段“Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions. There are different types of penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales. But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth) , as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there. Only two types of flowering plants are found, while there are no trees on the large continent. The rest of the plants are made up of mosses, algae and lichen. Some forms of algae have adapted to grow on ice.(然而，南极洲到处都是野生动物，它们已经适应了这里的极端环境。有不同种类的企鹅、飞鸟、海豹和鲸鱼。但南极漫长的冬夜长达182天(地球上最长的连续黑暗时期)，加上极端寒冷和缺乏降雨，意味着很少有植物能在那里生存。只有两种开花植物被发现，而在这个大大陆上没有树木。其余的植物由苔藓、藻类和地衣组成。有些种类的藻类已经适应了在冰上生长)”可知，本段主要讲述了尽管南极洲条件极端，但许多动植物都生活在那里。故选D项。 13. C推理判断题。根据第三段“Most of the ice has been there for thousands of years. As a result, it has become a window on the past, and can give researchers lots of useful information. Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the world’s climate was like in past ages. Antarctic rocks are also very important for research. Most of them are meteorites (陨石) from outer space. One rock, known as the “Alien” rock, may contain evidence of extra-terrestrial (外星人) life.(大部分冰已经存在了数千年。因此，它已经成为一个过去的窗口，可以给研究人员提供许多有用的信息。气体和矿物质，以火山灰的形式被困在冰中，可以告诉我们很多关于过去世界气候的信息。南极岩石对研究也很重要。其中大部分是来自外太空的陨石。其中一块岩石，被称为“外星”岩石，可能包含外星生命的证据)”可知，作者想用“外星”岩石的例子说明南极洲有很多值得研究的地方。故选C项。 14. C细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“Not until the late 18h century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. The race to the pole had begun. It was finally reached on 11th December, 1911 by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen.(直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越南极圈，但他从未见过陆地。1895年，一位名叫卡斯滕斯·波格雷文克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。到极点的竞赛开始了。1911年12月11日，挪威人罗尔德·阿蒙森终于到达了这里)”可知，挪威人首先到达南极。故选C项。 15. B主旨大意题。根据第一段“Antarctica (南极洲) is the coldest place on Earth. It’s also the driest. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert. Covering about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world. A high mountain range, the Trans-Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two. There are volcanoes too, but they are not very active. Antarctica holds 90% of the world’s ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course. 98% of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap. On average it is two kilometers thick, but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometers. Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable (不宜居的) place.(南极洲是地球上最冷的地方。它也是最干燥的。由于年降雨量接近于零，严格来说，南极洲是一片沙漠。它环绕南极，面积约1400万平方公里，是世界上第五大大陆。横贯南极的山脉从东向西延伸，将大陆一分为二。那里也有火山，但不是很活跃。南极洲拥有世界上90%的冰，当然，它的大部分淡水(70%)都处于冻结状态。98%的表面永久地被冰盖覆盖着。冰盖的平均厚度为两公里，但在某些地方，冰盖的深度达到五公里。由重力驱动的强风从极点吹向海岸线，而其他风则绕着海岸吹。很难想象还有比这里更荒凉的地方了)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了南极洲的地理特征、气候、野生动植物、科学研究价值以及其被发现的过程等方面的信息。由此可知，用B项“Antarctica: the Last Continent(南极洲：最后的大陆)”作为本文的标题，与主题相符合。故选B项。 14.（2025·山东省第一次备考监测联考） A study led by UC Riverside (UCR) atmospheric scientists predicts that unchecked carbon emissions(排放物) will force tropical rains to shift northward in the coming decades, which would profoundly impact the regions near the Earth's equator. The northward rain shift is caused by complex atmospheric changes. These changes are driven by carbon emissions, which in turn influence the formation of tropical convergence (汇集) zones. Those zones are essentially atmospheric engines that drive about a third of the world’s rainfall, which Antony P. Thomas, a professor of climate change and sustainability at UCR reported in a paper published in the journal Nature Climate Change. Tropical regions on either side the equator, such as central African nations, northern South America, and Pacific island states would be the most affected. Major crops in these regions include coffee, cocoa, palm oil, bananas, sugarcane, tea, mangoes, and pineapples. Tropical rainforests can have as much as 14 feet of rain a year. “The rainfall change is enormous,” Antony said. “It's a very heavy rainfall region. So, a small shift will cause big changes in the economy of the societies. It will affect many regions.” Antony and his colleagues used advanced computer models to predict the atmospheric influence of carbon dioxide emissions from continued burning of fossil fuels and other sources.” This climate model included many components of the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land. All these components are interacting with each other,” he said. “Basically, we try to simulate the real world. In the model, we can increase our carbon dioxide emissions from pre-industrial levels to much higher levels.” The analysis accounted for how carbon emissions influence the amount of radiant energy at the top of atmosphere. It also considered the changes in sea ice, water vapor and cloud formation. These and other factors resulted in conditions that push the rain- forming convergence zones northward by as much as 0.2 degrees on average. 8. What may be the main cause of the rain shift? A. The rainforests. B. Carbon emissions. C. The Earth's equator. D. Economic growth. 9. How does Antony feel about the rain shift? A. Confused. B. Grateful. C. Worried. D. Indifferent. 10. Which word can best describe the study? A. Comprehensive. B. Widespread. C. Fruitful. D. Historic. 11. What can be inferred from the text? A. The rain shift is unrelated to human activities. B. The rain shift threatens equatorial agriculture. C. The study’s computer models were not precise enough. D. The impact of the rain shift will be limited to remote areas. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述一项研究预测，不受控制的碳排放将迫使热带降雨在未来几十年内向北移动，将对地球赤道附近的地区产生深远影响。 8. B细节理解题。根据第二段中“These changes are driven by carbon emissions, which in turn influence the formation of tropical convergence(汇集) zones.(这些变化是由碳排放驱动的，而碳排放反过来又影响热带辐合带的形成。)”可知，雨带的移动主要是由碳排放引起的。故选B。 9. C推理判断题。根据第四段的““The rainfall change is enormous,” Antony said. “It’s a very heavy rainfall region. So, a small shift will cause big changes in the economy of the societies. It will affect many regions.”(“降雨量变化很大，”安东尼说。“这是一个雨量非常大的地区。所以，一个小的转变会引起社会经济的大变化。它将影响许多地区。”)可知，安东尼认为一个小小的转变会导致社会经济的巨大变化。它将影响许多地区。因此推断Antony对雨带的移动感到担忧。故选C。 10. A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Antony and his colleagues used advanced computer models to predict the atmospheric influence of carbon dioxide emissions from continued burning of fossil fuels and other sources.” This climate model included many components of the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land.(安东尼和他的同事使用先进的计算机模型来预测持续燃烧化石燃料和其他来源产生的二氧化碳排放对大气的影响。这个气候模型包括了大气、海洋、海冰和陆地的许多组成部分。)”可知，研究使用了“先进的计算机模型”以及考虑了多个影响因素,可见这项研究是全面的。故选A。 11. B推理判断题。根据第三段“Tropical regions on either side the equator, such as central African nations, northern South America, and Pacific island states would be the most affected. Major crops in these regions include coffee, cocoa, palm oil, bananas, sugarcane, tea, mangoes, and pineapples.(赤道两侧的热带地区，如中非国家、南美洲北部和太平洋岛国，将受到最严重的影响。这些地区的主要作物包括咖啡、可可、棕榈油、香蕉、甘蔗、茶、芒果和菠萝。)”可知，热带地区主要农作物可能受影响，说明雨带的移动威胁了赤道地区的农业。故选B。 15.（2025·安徽省皖南八校高三上学期8月摸底） When we, as humans, get slightly injured, we treat our own wounds. Even sometimes we go to see doctors. But in the wild animal kingdom, medical care is much different. For one Sumatran orangutan (猩猩) , a facial wound maybe lethal because it could cause infection and pain. However, the large orange primate (灵长目动物) found a way to treat himself using a native-growing plant. Rakus, a Sumatran orangutan, lives in Suaq Balimbing, Indonesia. Sumatran orangutans, with only about 14, 613 surviving, are faced with dying out. Biologists study the great apes in their habitats. When they noticed Rakus' wound they paid attention to it. But what happened three days later surprised them. Rakus applied a plant called Akar Kuning to his wound, creating a protective layer over the wound. The plant is known for reducing pain and preventing infection, but it is not a food for the local orangutans. Biologists say, “It is possible that Rakus brought this knowledge from his birthplace. Therefore, it is possible that the behavior is shown by more individuals like him outside the Suaq research area.” Luckily for Rakus, his treatment worked and his wound was cured without incident. While other examples of great apes treating wounds have been recorded, the selective treatment of only the wound and the layering of plant material in different consistencies were marvelous (了不起的) . According to the biologists, this remarkable observation is the first report of active wound management with a biological active substance in a great ape species and provides new insights into the existence of self-medication in our closest relatives. 8．What does the underlined word “lethal” in Paragraph I probably mean? A．Deadly B．Avoidable C．Curable D．Obvious. 9．What surprised biologists about Rakus during their research? A．It feeds on Akar Kuning-a local plant B．Its habitats has been destroyed wholly. C．It can't deal with its wounds timely D．It uses a native plant to cure itself 10．Which is right about the observation on Sumatran orangutans? A．It focuses on animal protection B．It first brought in biological active materials C．It makes for knowing well of self-medication in the species D．It makes a big difference to saving apes in danger 11．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A news report B．A science fiction C．A geographic magazine D．A poster about endangered animals 【答案】8．A 9．D 10．C 11．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现一只苏门答腊猩猩可以用一种本土的植物来疗伤。 8．词句猜测题。根据第一段“because it could cause infection and pain (因为它会引起感染和疼痛)”可知，苏门答腊猩猩面部的伤可能是致命的，因为会导致感染或者疼痛，所以推测划线词意思是“致命的”。故选A项。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“But what happened three days later surprised them. Rakus applied a plant called Akar Kuning to his wound, creating a protective layer over the wound. (但是三天后发生的事使他们吃惊。拉库斯在伤口上涂了一种叫做阿卡·库宁的植物，在伤口上形成了一层保护层。)”可知，Rakus用一种本地植物来治愈自己，这让生物研究者深感惊讶。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据文中最后一段“this remarkable observation is the first report of active wound management with a biological active substance in a great ape species and provides new insights into the existence of self-medication in our closest relatives. (这一引人注目的观察结果是首次报道在类人猿物种中使用生物活性物质进行主动伤口治疗，并为我们最近的亲戚中存在自我药物治疗提供了新的见解。)”可知，关于苏门答腊猩猩的观察，让我们对这个物种的自我治疗有了更好的了解。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。通读全文可知，该文主要讲述苏门答腊猩猩可以用一种本土的植物来疗伤。故推知文章可能摘自新闻报道。故选A项。 16.（2025·河南省安阳市多校联考） When we encounter new information, the brain quickly goes into the pattern-recognition mode. If it reminds us of something we’ve encountered before, we know how to respond. But what will happen when the new information doesn’t “fit” with the existing understanding? That’s when the brain really gets excited. The brain doesn’t just detect new information— it needs novelty. As Judy Willis, MD explains in How Your Child Learns Best, a part of the brain called the Reticular Activating System (RAS) filters (过滤) incoming information, deciding which data can be processed automatically and which deserves our full attention. Surprise and novelty are the attention-grabbers. In the classroom, this means that changing routines, asking students to analyze similarities and differences, organizing field trips, and inviting guest visitors all help keep learning fresh. In his article How the Brain Learns Best, psychiatrist and child psychologist Bruce Perry explains why repetitive classroom activities, such as lectures or worksheets, limit the brain’s desire for novelty and can interfere with learning. “Only four to eight minutes of pure factual lecture can be tolerated before the brain seeks other information, either internal (daydreaming) or external (Who is that man walking down the hall?). If the teacher is not providing that novelty, the brain will go elsewhere,” he writes. Integrating a strong arts program is one way educators can capture students’ curiosity and keep them engaged. According to a recent landmark report from the President’s Committee on the Arts and the Humanities, the benefits of studying the arts go far beyond enrichment. Research found that a high-quality program can improve student engagement, focus attention, heighten educational ambitions, and increase intellectual risk-taking. And planning inquiry-driven projects that are consistent with students’ interests will boost engagement and cut down on boredom, which is actually a stressor for young brains. 12．How does the brain deal with information according to Judy Willis, MD? A．It classifies the information. B．It ignores familiar information. C．It spends long time analysing the information. D．It stores new information automatically. 13．What does Bruce Perry argue in his article? A．Keeping routines improves learning. B．Giving lectures is the most effective way of teaching. C．The brain longs for novelty to stay engaged in learning. D．External surroundings mean more than internal seeking regarding novelty. 14．How does the author develop the text? A．By making comparisons. B．By quoting professional figures. C．By presenting a personal statement. D．By introducing an experiment. 15．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Importance of Novelty in Education B．The Brain’s Response to New Information C．Effective Classroom Activities for Learning D．Understanding the Reticular Activating System 【答案】12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新奇在教育中的重要性，以及如何通过新奇来吸引学生的注意力和提高学习效果。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段“As Judy Willis, MD explains in How Your Child Learns Best, a part of the brain called the Reticular Activating System (RAS) filters(过滤) incoming information, deciding which data can be processed automatically and which deserves our full attention.(正如医学博士朱迪·威利斯(Judy Willis)在《你的孩子如何学习得最好》一书中解释的那样，大脑中有一个叫做网状激活系统(RAS)的部分过滤传入的信息，决定哪些数据可以自动处理，哪些值得我们充分关注。)”可知，大脑会对信息进行分类，决定哪些信息可以自动处理，哪些需要我们全神贯注。故选A。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段“Only four to eight minutes of pure factual lecture can be tolerated before the brain seeks other information, either internal (daydreaming) or external (Who is that man walking down the hall?). If the teacher is not providing that novelty, the brain will go elsewhere(只有4到8分钟的纯事实性演讲是可以容忍的，然后大脑就会寻找其他信息，要么是内部信息(做白日梦)，要么是外部信息(走在大厅里的那个人是谁?)如果老师不能提供这种新鲜感，大脑就会转向别处)”可知，大脑渴望新奇的事物以保持学习的参与度。故选C。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段“As Judy Willis, MD explains in How Your Child Learns Best, a part of the brain called the Reticular Activating System (RAS) filters(过滤) incoming information,(正如医学博士朱迪·威利斯(Judy Willis)在《你的孩子如何学习得最好》一书中解释的那样，大脑中有一个叫做网状激活系统(RAS)的部分过滤传入的信息)”和第三段“In his article How the Brain Learns Best, psychiatrist and child psychologist Bruce Perry explains why repetitive classroom activities, such as lectures or worksheets, limit the brain’s desire for novelty and can interfere with learning.(精神病学家和儿童心理学家布鲁斯·佩里在他的文章《大脑如何最好地学习》中解释了为什么重复的课堂活动，如讲座或工作表，限制了大脑对新鲜事物的渴望，并可能干扰学习。)”可知，文章通过引用专业人士的观点来展开论述。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But what will happen when the new information doesn’t “fit” with the existing understanding? That’s when the brain really gets excited. The brain doesn’t just detect new information— it needs novelty.(但是，当新的信息与现有的理解不“吻合”时，会发生什么呢?那是大脑真正兴奋的时候。大脑不只是检测新信息——它还需要新奇的东西。)”可知，文章主要介绍了新奇在教育中的重要性，以及如何通过新奇来吸引学生的注意力和提高学习效果。所以短文的最佳标题为“新奇在教育中的重要性”切题。故选A。 17.（2025·内蒙古多校高三上学期第一次联考）A team of early childhood researchers examined how neighborhood opportunity—the socioeconomic, educational, health, and environmental conditions relevant to child health and development—is associated with infant (婴儿) brain activity and cognitive development. The researchers found that infants in neighborhoods with more opportunities have greater brain function at six months of age. In areas with better educational opportunities, these brain differences are also related to better cognition at 12 months old. The researchers collected their data from 65 infants in community pediatric (小儿科的) practices in the Boston and Los Angeles areas. The team examined whether associations between neighborhood opportunity and children’s cognitive development at 12 months of age could be explained by differences in brain activity at 6 months of age, measured by electroencephalography (脑电图学) (EEG). Cognitive development was measured using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning(MSEL), a standardized play-based developmental assessment. The researchers found that higher levels of neighborhood opportunity are associated with greater absolute EEG power in mid- to high-frequency bands in six months old infants. These EEG measurements are related to better language and cognitive scores later in childhood, suggesting a neuroprotective role of living in higher opportunity neighborhoods early in life. The team also found that higher levels of educational opportunity, specifically, are associated with better MSEL scores. This means that neighborhoods with more educational opportunities, like high quality center-based care, may provide more resources to get kids engaged in cognitively simulating activities and enhance their development. “Prior work has focused on the role of socioeconomic disadvantages in child development. Our study aims to shift the conversation towards solutions for improving the environments that kids experience in early childhood to support their development and address inequalities,” said Mei Elansary, MD, MPhil, an Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at Boston University. “Given that race and ethnicity have been strongly associated with differential access to high opportunity neighborhoods, it is important to think about ways to promote access to these places for all families.” 8．What advantage do infants in neighborhoods with higher opportunity levels have? A．They grow more quickly. B．Their cognition develops better. C．They have fewer health issues. D．They have easier access to wealth. 9．How did researchers assess cognitive development in infants? A．By monitoring EEG patterns. B．Through pediatric check-ups. C．By having standardized tests. D．By observing social interactions. 10．What aspect of the research is talked about in paragraph 4? A．Its result. B．Its purpose. C．Its process. D．Its application. 11．What can policymakers do according to the result of the study? A．Update current economic conditions. B．Invest more money on education. C．Improve school facilities nationwide. D．Create fair neighborhood opportunities. 【答案】8．B 9．C 10．A 11．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现，介绍了一组早期儿童研究人员如何研究社区机会（包括社会经济、教育、健康和环境条件）与婴儿大脑活动和认知发展之间的关系。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In areas with better educational opportunities, these brain differences are also related to better cognition at 12 months old.(在拥有更好教育机会的地区，这些大脑差异也与12个月大时的更好认知有关。)”可知，居住在机会水平较高的社区中的婴儿在认知发展方面更有优势。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Cognitive development was measured using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning(MSEL), a standardized play-based developmental assessment.(认知发展是通过使用Mullen早期学习量表（MSEL）来评估的，这是一个基于游戏的标准化发展评估。)”可知，研究人员通过标准化的测试来评估婴儿的认知发展。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The researchers found that higher levels of neighborhood opportunity are associated with greater absolute EEG power in mid- to high-frequency bands in six months old infants. These EEG measurements are related to better language and cognitive scores later in childhood, suggesting a neuroprotective role of living in higher opportunity neighborhoods early in life. The team also found that higher levels of educational opportunity, specifically, are associated with better MSEL scores.(研究人员发现，在6个月大的婴儿中，更高水平的邻里机会与更高的中高频绝对脑电图功率有关。这些脑电图测量结果与儿童后期更好的语言和认知得分有关，这表明在生命早期生活在更高机会的社区中具有神经保护作用。研究小组还发现，更高水平的教育机会与更高的MSEL分数有关。)”可知，第4段主要描述了研究的结果。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Given that race and ethnicity have been strongly associated with differential access to high opportunity neighborhoods, it is important to think about ways to promote access to these places for all families.(鉴于种族和民族与获得高机会社区的差异机会紧密相关，因此为所有家庭提供进入这些社区的途径是非常重要的。)”可知，政策制定者应该考虑如何为所有家庭创造公平的社区机会，以支持儿童的发展并解决不平等问题。故选D。 18.（2025·四川省雅安市高三年级教学质量检测）Minimizing the environmental damage that new roads cause is generally regarded as a good thing. But to do that, it helps to understand just how new roads cause the damage of which they are accused. Recently, a group of researchers led by Dr. Gonzalez conducted an experiment and proved that immigration is good for the health of animal populations. A road destroys only a small part of the habitat, thus destroying just a few local populations of creatures. So the argument that road-building itself is bad for biodiversity is not self-evidently correct. Those who nevertheless hold this view say that apparently separate local populations of animals are, in fact, parts of much larger populations connected via migration. According to this theory, when a local population struggles to move about — because of an epidemic, for example — individuals from neighboring communities can fill the gaps. The implications of the theory are straightforward. Cut local populations off from each other and each is more likely to disappear. And roads are good at doing just that. Testing the theory with experimental roads, however, would be expensive. Dr. Gonzalez’s brainwave was to do the whole thing on a much smaller scale. The team studied moss-covered rocks. On some rocks the researchers left the moss untouched; on others they made “roadways” across to leave the moss isolated. After waiting six months, they found that in the disturbed habitats nearly all the bug population had declined compared with undisturbed moss, and 40% of the species had become extinct. The real test came in the second part of the experiment. In this, the researchers removed moss much as before, but they left narrow moss paths to bridge the no-bug’s-land between islands. The islands with bridges did far better than isolated islands — a result that supports the notion that population exchange is necessary to keep an ecosystem healthy. Whether these results can be translated to large-scale ecosystems remains uncertain. But if they can, they would cause more, not less, concern about the ecological effects of road-building. On the other hand, they also suggest a way out. In Britain, tunnels are often built under roads for animals of regular habits, such as badgers (獾), to be able to travel their traditional routes without having to fight with traffic. Extending that principle, perhaps special bridges might be a cheap way of letting man and nature rub along a bit better. 12．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Calling on us to stop building roads for a healthy ecosystem. B．Warning us of potential dangers of animal immigration. C．Informing us of the environmental damage caused by new roads. D．Suggesting a new way to avoid the damage caused by new roads. 13．Dr. Gonzalez’s experiment found that __________. A．building roads is expensive B．immigration is good for animals C．roads cut off animal immigration D．tunnels should be built under roads 14．How does the author present his point? A．By analyzing facts.            ​​ B．By giving examples. C．By providing scientific findings.​​ D．By comparing possible effects. 15．According to the passage, which of the following statements will the writer agree with? A．The impact of road-building is not as serious as we thought. B．Road-building is beneficial to animal immigration. C．Environmental damage caused by road-building is still uncertain. D．Environmental damage caused by road-building might be lessened. 【答案】12．C 13．B 14．C 15．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了新建道路对环境的破坏以及如何通过实验找到避免这种破坏的新方法。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Minimizing the environmental damage that new roads cause is generally regarded as a good thing. But to do that, it helps to understand just how new roads cause the damage of which they are accused.”（把新建道路对环境造成的破坏降到最低通常被认为是一件好事。但要做到这一点，它有助于理解新道路是如何造成被指责的破坏的。）可知，短文主要告诉我们新路对环境造成的破坏。故选C项。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Recently, a group of researchers led by Dr. Gonzalez conducted an experiment and proved that immigration is good for the health of animal populations.”（最近，冈萨雷斯博士领导的一组研究人员进行了一项实验，证明了移民对动物种群的健康有益。）可知，移民对动物有益。故选B项。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段“Recently, a group of researchers led by Dr. Gonzalez conducted an experiment and proved that immigration is good for the health of animal populations.”（最近，冈萨雷斯博士领导的一组研究人员进行了一项实验，证明了移民对动物种群的健康有益），第三段“According to this theory, when a local population struggles to move about — because of an epidemic, for example — individuals from neighboring communities can fill the gaps.”（根据这一理论，当当地人口难以移动时，例如由于流行病，来自邻近社区的个人可以填补空白。）和第五段“After waiting six months, they found that in the disturbed habitats nearly all the bug population had declined compared with undisturbed moss, and 40% of the species had become extinct.”（ 等了六个月后，他们发现，与未受干扰的苔藓相比，在受干扰的栖息地，几乎所有的虫子数量都减少了，40%的物种已经灭绝。）可知，短文是通过提供科学发现来呈现观点的。故选C。 15．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In Britain, tunnels are often built under roads for animals of regular habits, such as badgers (獾), to be able to travel their traditional routes without having to fight with traffic. Extending that principle, perhaps special bridges might be a cheap way of letting man and nature rub along a bit better.”（在英国，人们经常在道路下方建造隧道，让像獾这样的有规律习性的动物能够沿着它们的传统路线行走，而不必与交通争抢。扩展这一原则，也许特殊的桥梁可能是让人类和自然更好地相处的一种便宜的方式。）可推知，通过合理建设道路，作者认为道路造成的环境破坏可能会被减轻，故选D。 19.（2025·浙江Z20名校联盟高三第一次联考）At one time, our growing population was seen as central to wildlife extinction, resource exhaustion, pollution and environmental destruction. But today, our concerns shift to declining birth rates due to increased reproductive choice for women. This is a positive development, but is often described as a “crisis” in the media, highlighting economic and senior care challenges. Lost in the conversation are the many positive aspects of an aging society, which is the result of people living healthier and longer lives, and common-sense realities like reduced needs for infrastructure (基础设施) and lower ecological impacts. Also lost is the fact that our population still grows by 80 million people every year. And the consequences of high birth rates are severe. Among them is global warming. In fact, increased emissions (排放) from population growth have canceled more than three quarters of the emissions saved through energy efficiency and renewables over the past three decades. Yet, no matter how well documented the link between population and climate, lowering our population is notably absent from the conversation on solutions. Instead, the focus is on technology that will supposedly allow our entire growing population to enjoy the energy-intensive lifestyles now enjoyed by the rich, and with no climate impacts. But “green” technology is not the solution it is advertised to be. Its expansion to the degree needed to power a growing population at a decent standard of living would itself require a shocking investment in fossil (化石) fuels. It also requires massive mining operations, many of which take place on the backs of low-wage workers in Africa where it is driving destruction of rainforests critical to the survival of great apes. Besides, it requires 10 times the land area as fossil fuel plants for the same amount of energy generated. When global warming threatens to push billions into unsafe temperatures, it is no time to panic that we are adding fewer to those billions. In fact, declining birth rates should be cause for celebration as they signify advances in gender equality and a reduced burden on Earth. 32．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．The global population is decreasing every year. B．The benefits of an aging society are overlooked. C．The ecological environment is turning for the better. D．The media make up misleading news about the population. 33．What is highlighted as a disadvantage of high birth rates? A．Reduced infrastructure needs. B．Challenges in senior care services. C．A slowdown in economic growth. D．Increased greenhouse gas emissions. 34．Why is “green” technology questioned in the text? A．It does damage to the ecosystem. B．It is not popular around the world. C．It is unaffordable for poor regions. D．It has little effect on reducing pollution. 35．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Aging Societies: A Global Crisis B．The Mystery of “Green” Technology C．The Trend of Population Growth D．Declining Birth Rates: A Hopeful Sign 【答案】32．B 33．D 34．A 35．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是人口高出生率的危害以及出生率降低带来的积极影响。 32．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This is a positive development, but is often described as a “crisis” in the media, highlighting economic and senior care challenges.(这是一个积极的发展，但媒体经常将其描述为“危机”，强调经济和老年人护理方面的挑战。)”以及下文中介绍的人口老龄化带来的积极影响被人们忽略的事实可知，在第二段我们了解到的是老龄化社会的好处被人们忽略。故选B项。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And the consequences of high birth rates are severe. Among them is global warming.(高出生率的后果是严重的。其中之一就是全球变暖。)”以及下文中介绍的高出生率导致排放量增加的情况可知，高出来率的缺点是造成温室气体排放增加。故选D项。 34．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Its expansion to the degree needed to power a growing population at a decent standard of living would itself require a shocking investment in fossil (化石) fuels. It also requires massive mining operations, many of which take place on the backs of low-wage workers in Africa where it is driving destruction of rainforests critical to the survival of great apes.(它的扩张要达到为不断增长的人口提供体面生活所需的程度，本身就需要对化石燃料(化石)进行惊人的投资。它还需要大规模的采矿作业，其中许多是在非洲的低工资工人的支持下进行的，这正在破坏对类人猿生存至关重要的热带雨林。)”可知，“绿色”技术的扩张需要对化石燃料进行大量投资，大规模的釆矿作业，破坏了对类人猿生存至关重要的热带雨林，由此可知，“绿色”技术被质疑的原因是它破坏了生态环境。故选A项。 35．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段中“In fact, declining birth rates should be cause for celebration as they signify advances in gender equality and a reduced burden on Earth.(事实上，出生率下降应该是值得庆祝的，因为它们标志着性别平等的进步和地球负担的减轻)”可知，本文主要讨论了出生率下降的积极意义，所以D选项“出生率下降：一个充满希望的迹象”概括全文主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。 20.（2025·福建省福州第一中学高三质检）When it comes to architectural skills, humans like to underestimate the astonishing achievements of social insects: spiders weave amazing webs with unbelievable skills. The true master builders, however, are stingless bees (无刺峰), which build honeycombs inside tree trunks. Now a group of biologists led by Viviana Di Pietro at KU Leuven, in Belgium, reports that, like humans, these tiny-brained creatures are able of constructing according to different building traditions which are then handed down over generations. The finding, published in Current Biology, is the clearest display yet of cultural differences spontaneously (自发) appearing in insects. Insect culture would once have been thought impossible. To collect their data, Ms Di Pietro and her colleagues observed more than 400 groups of the stingless bee species in Brazil in 2022 and 2023. Around 95% of the groups built combs in horizontal layers, while the rest adopted a spiral (螺旋的) structure. In both cases the tradition was maintained over many generations of worker bees. Capturing the insects’ behaviour on video, the team established that there was no difference in average cell-building rate between the two styles and hence no efficiency advantage to either. In order to rule out a genetic explanation for the different styles, researchers transplanted workers between groups with different building styles, having first emptied combs built before. It turned out that the imported workers soon switched to the new style, which was then maintained by the group’s own larvae (幼虫) as they eventually matured into workers. These results have left researchers talking it over, as they suggest that stingless bees can transmit different building traditions across generations without individuals needing to be instructed from their peers. This is a broader perspective about culture, which is often strictly defined as behavior directly transmitted from individual to individual until it becomes characteristic of a group. 12．What can best describe the finding by Viviana Di Pietro? A．Pioneering. B．Controversial. C．Commonplace. D．Conventional 13．What’s the difference between the two kinds of combs? A．Their location. B．Their style. C．Their building rate. D．Their maintenance. 14．Why did the researchers exchange bees between groups? A．To test bees’ genetic difference. B．To ensure efficiency advantage. C．To confirm bees’ learning ability. D．To exclude genetic considerations. 15．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Cultural Diversity of Social Insects. B．Stingless Bees’ Unique Honeycombs. C．Social Insects Can Create Traditions. D．Bees Can Preserve Cultural Traditions. 【答案】12．A 13．B 14．D 15．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蜜蜂能够保持文化传统，它们会根据不同的建筑传统建造蜂巢，并将这些传统代代相传。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Now a group of biologists led by Viviana Di Pietro at KU Leuven, in Belgium, reports that, like humans, these tiny-brained creatures are able of constructing according to different building traditions which are then handed down over generations. The finding, published in Current Biology, is the clearest display yet of cultural differences spontaneously (自发) appearing in insects. (现在，由比利时鲁汶大学的维维亚娜·迪·彼得罗领导的一群生物学家报告称，和人类一样，这些大脑极小的生物能够根据不同的建筑传统进行建造，这些传统随后会代代相传。这一发现发表在《当代生物学》杂志上，是昆虫中自发出现文化差异的最清晰展示。)”可知，Viviana Di Pietro的发现是关于无刺蜂能够根据不同的建筑传统进行建造，并且这些传统会代代相传。这是昆虫中自发出现的文化差异的最清晰展示。因此，这一发现是开创性的。故选A项。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Around 95% of the groups built combs in horizontal layers, while the rest adopted a spiral (螺旋的) structure. (大约95%的组在水平层中构建了梳子，而其余组则采用了螺旋的结构。)”可知，两种蜂巢的区别在于它们的风格：一种是水平层状结构，另一种是螺旋结构。故选B项。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In order to rule out a genetic explanation for the different styles, researchers transplanted workers between groups with different building styles, having first emptied combs built before. (为了排除不同风格的遗传解释，研究人员将工人移植到具有不同建筑风格的群体之间，首先清空了之前建造的蜂巢。)”可知，研究人员交换不同组的蜜蜂是为了排除基因差异的考虑。故选D项。 15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“These results have left researchers talking it over, as they suggest that stingless bees can transmit different building traditions across generations without individuals needing to be instructed from their peers. (这些结果让研究人员对此进行了讨论，因为他们表明无刺蜜蜂可以在不需要个体的情况下代代传递不同的建筑传统。)”可知，可知，文章主要讨论了无刺蜂能够在没有同伴直接指导的情况下，跨代传递不同的建筑传统。D项“Bees Can Preserve Cultural Traditions. (蜜蜂可以保留文化传统。)”最能概括全文，故选D项。 21.（2025·广东省高三摸底联考）We used to write with a pen. Now we generally write on a computer with the help of keyboard. In this digital age, artificial intelligence has become a new type of “pen” which we use to analyze, write and present everything from an article, a thesis, a research paper to a company report, and things alike. Since writing is an essential part of academic life, and since students struggle to produce quality papers, AI powered writing is gaining popularity on campuses. AI is so powerful that it can help with idea development, research design, content development, literature review, data management, as well as help with editing and reviewing of books. AI-powered writing can improve the grammar, structure, and help with citation s and consistency to disciplinary standards. Therefore, AI tools can help students, teachers and researchers to overcome the challenges of academic writing, boost research productivity and improve efficiency. However, AI may seem human, but it is not. It may appear accurate, yet it isn’t. It may look intelligent, yet it is not. It may also seem to understand, but it can’t. An analysis done with the help of AI tools with seemingly high efficiency can be neither valid (有效的) nor reliable. Although AI can help write a seemingly nicely structured, grammatically correct and even precisely referenced paper, its research results can’t be accepted as authentic (真实的), because they cannot fully meet the real purpose of research or education as a whole. That is why many universities have been keeping students from using AI tools for academic writing, and have conducted rules limiting, if not altogether banning the use of Generative AI in academic writing. According to a survey of the world’s 100 top universities by Scriber on their attitude to AI writing tools, 18 percent have banned the use of ChatGPT, although individual instructors could allow its use, 27 percent have no clear guidance or policy, and 51 percent have left the decision on individual instructors. Only 4 percent of the universities allow the use of AI (with citation) unless instructors forbid it. 12．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The importance of academic writing. B．The potential users of AI-powered writing. C．The challenges faced by researchers and scholars. D．The popularity of AI-powered writing on campuses. 13．What may be the author’s attitude towards a research report written by AI? A．Negative. B．Dismissive. C．Positive. D．Unclear. 14．Who have the right to decide the use of Al in academic writing in most universities? A．Fund sponsors. B．Individual instructors. C．Would-be graduates. D．Producers of AI tools. 15．Which idiom can best describe AI-powered writing? A．A wet blanket. B．A pie in the sky. C．A double-edged sword. D．A big fish in a small pond. 【答案】12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C 【解析】这是一篇议论文。短文主要介绍了AI赋能学术写作在大学里的现状。 12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Since writing is an essential part of academic life, and since students struggle to produce quality papers, AI powered writing is gaining popularity on campuses.”（ 由于写作是学术生活的重要组成部分，而且学生们很难写出高质量的论文，因此人工智能写作在校园里越来越受欢迎。）以及“Therefore, AI tools can help students, teachers and researchers to overcome the challenges of academic writing, boost research productivity and improve efficiency.”（ 因此，人工智能工具可以帮助学生、教师和研究人员克服学术写作的挑战，提高研究生产力，提高效率。）可知，第二段主要讲述了AI写作在校园中的流行。故选D。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“Although AI can help write a seemingly nicely structured, grammatically correct and even precisely referenced paper, its research results can’t be accepted as authentic (真实的), because they cannot fully meet the real purpose of research or education as a whole.”（虽然人工智能可以帮助写出一篇看起来结构良好，语法正确，甚至引用准确的论文，但它的研究结果并不能被认为是真实的，因为它们不能完全满足研究或教育的真正目的。）可知，作者对AI写作的研究报告持否定态度。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“According to a survey of the world’s 100 top universities by Scriber on their attitude to AI writing tools, 18 percent have banned the use of ChatGPT, although individual instructors could allow its use, 27 percent have no clear guidance or policy, and 51 percent have left the decision on individual instructors.”（根据Scriber对全球100所顶尖大学对人工智能写作工具态度的调查，18%的大学禁止使用ChatGPT，尽管个别教师可以允许使用，27%的大学没有明确的指导或政策，51%的大学将决定权留给了个别教师。）可知，大多数大学由个别导师决定是否使用AI进行学术写作。故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据第二段“Since writing is an essential part of academic life, and since students struggle to produce quality papers, AI powered writing is gaining popularity on campuses. AI is so powerful that it can help with idea development, research design, content development, literature review, data management, as well as help with editing and reviewing of books. AI-powered writing can improve the grammar, structure, and help with citation s and consistency to disciplinary standards.”（由于写作是学术生活的重要组成部分，而且学生们很难写出高质量的论文，因此人工智能写作在校园里越来越受欢迎。人工智能是如此强大，它可以帮助思想发展，研究设计，内容开发，文献综述，数据管理，以及帮助编辑和评论书籍。人工智能写作可以改善语法、结构，并有助于引用和保持学科标准的一致性。）和第三段“However, AI may seem human, but it is not. It may appear accurate, yet it isn’t. It may look intelligent, yet it is not. It may also seem to understand, but it can’t. An analysis done with the help of AI tools with seemingly high efficiency can be neither valid (有效的) nor reliable.”（然而，人工智能可能看起来像人类，但它不是。它可能看起来很准确，但事实并非如此。它可能看起来很聪明，但其实不然。它似乎也能理解，但它不能。借助看似高效的人工智能工具完成的分析既不有效也不可靠。）可知，AI写作既有优点也有缺点，最能描述这种情况的成语是“双刃剑”。故选C。 22.（2025·广东省部分学校高三上学期8月大联考）A wearable health monitor developed by Washington State University researchers can reliably measure levels of important biochemicals in sweat during physical exercise. The 3D- printed monitor could someday provide a simple and non- invasive (无创的) way to track health conditions and diagnose common diseases, such as diabetes, kidney disease or heart disease. Reporting in the journal, ACS Sensors, the researchers were able to accurately monitor the levels of volunteers’ glucose (葡萄糖) and uric acid (尿酸). “Diabetes is a major problem worldwide,” said Chuchu Chen, the first author of the paper. “I think 3D printing can make a difference to the healthcare fields, and I wanted to see if we can combine 3D printing with disease detection methods to create a device like this.” For their new health monitor, the researchers used 3D printi$$