Unit4 Friends forever Using Language Attributive Clause (1) 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 4 Friends Forever Using Language: Attributive Clause (1) 1 1. a kind girl 2. a book on the desk 3. I have homework to finish 4. the fallen leaves 5. the boy who is very smart 什么是定语？ 定语修饰名词/代词。定语可以是形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语。 修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 Grammar: Read the following descriptions and talk about the differences. 1. a lovely girl 2. a girl in red 3. a girl standing on the platform 4. a girl dressed in red 5. a girl who is dressed in red 形容词作定语 从句作定语 介词短语作定语 过去分词作定语 现在分词作定语 1. We prefer to make friends (who share our interests). 2. She is the one that he is long to see again. 1. Definition (定义) friends 定语从句是用来充当定语的句子，它主要用于修饰句子中的 ，位于被修饰的名词和代词 。 翻译为 ，作用相当于一个 词。 “...的” 先行词 关系词 定语从句 the one that 名词和代词 之后 结构：先行词+关系词+从句的其它部分 形容 Grammar: 定语从句 在复合句中作定语修饰名词或代词的从句，叫作定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。 一、构成 先行词+ 关系词 +定语从句 连接主语和从句 指代先行词 在从句中充当句子成分 语法知识点拨 关系代词的基本用法 1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 那些正在踢足球的男孩来自一班。 There is a girl who wants to see you. 有个女孩想见你。 2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,通常可以省略,也可以用who代替。 Mr Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. 你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人就是刘先生。 Li Ming is just the man (whom) I want to see. 李明就是我想见的那个人。 (1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替,也可省略。 The man (whom/who) you met just now is my old friend. 你刚才遇见的人是我的老朋友。 (2)先行词是one、ones、anyone、someone、those等指人的代词时,只能用who。 One who has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth. 一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。 Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. 那些想去长城的人在这里签名。 温馨提示 3.whose是代词的所有格,既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我去拜访了一位全国知名的科学家。 I once lived in a house whose windows are very small. 我曾经住在一座窗户很小的房子里。 4.which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时通常可以省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的一种体育活动。 This is the book (which) I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那本书。 5.that既可指人,又可指物。指人时相当于who或whom,指物时相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时通常可以省略。 The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年,这个城市的参观人数达到100万。 The person (that∕whom/who) you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很善良。 Where is the book (that/which) I bought last week? 我上周买的那本书在哪儿? (1)只用that不用which的情况。 ①先行词为all、everything、nothing、something、anything、little、much 等不定代词时。 I am sure she has something that you can borrow. 我相信她有你可以借的东西。 Do you have anything that you don’t understand? 你有什么不明白的事情吗? 温馨提示 ②先行词被all、every、no、some、any、little、much等词修饰时。 I’ve read all the books that you lent me. 所有你借给我的书我都看过了。 Please send us any information that you know about the problem. 请把你所知道的任何有关这个问题的信息发给我们。 ③先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the first book that he has read. 这是他读的第一本书。 It is the most beautiful city that I’ve ever seen. 这是我见过的最美丽的城市。 ④先行词被the only、the very、the last等限定词修饰时。 This is the very book that belongs to him. 这就是属于他的那本书。 He is the only person that was present at the time. 他是当时唯一在场的人。 ⑤先行词既有人又有物时。 The famous writer and his works that the radio broadcasts are popular to the students. 电台广播的那位著名作家和他的作品深受学生们的欢迎。 ⑥特殊疑问句中的疑问词是which或who时。 Which is the bike that you lost? (2)只用which不用that的情况。 ①在非限制性定语从句中,若从句缺少主语或宾语且先行词指物时,只能用which。 Tom won the game,which made us happy. ②关系代词在限制性定语从句中充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前时,只能用which。 This is the building in which he works. 6.as指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 常用句型为“such(+名词)+as...(像……一样的,像……的)”“the same(+名词)+as...(和……同样的/一样的)”。 Such books as you bought are useful. 你买的这些书很有用。 This is not such as I expected. 这不像我期待的那样。 The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago. 这所学校仍旧与十年前一样。 as和which引导非限制性定语从句的用法区别: 从意义上讲,as含有“正如”之意,which含有“这一点,这件事”之意。从位置上讲,as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首,也可置于句中或句尾;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后,表示主句带来的某种结果。 As we had expected,he didn’t pass the exam.(=He didn’t pass the exam,as we had expected.) 正如我们早就预料到的那样,他没有通过考试。 There is lots of air in loose snow,which can keep the cold out. 松散的雪里有很多空气,这有助于御寒。 温馨提示 1.(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 　　　　 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.  2.(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 　　 　______　 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.  as which/that 真题赏析 3.(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city,　　　  is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here...  4.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers 　　　　 often come to check on the pandas,　　　　 are on loan from China.  which that/who which 答案及剖析: 1.as　考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,且含有“正如”之意,应用关系代词as引导。故填as。 2.which/that　考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句的关系代词,先行词为a place,指物,且设空处在定语从句中担当主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 3.which　考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为development,指物,且设空处充当定语从句的主语。故填which。 4.that/who;which　考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,前句为限制性定语从句,先行词为 Chinese zookeepers,指人,且设空处充当定语从句的主语,故填that/who;后句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为the pandas,指物,且设空处充当定语从句的主语,故填which。 Ⅰ.句子语法填空 1.The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring 　　   　 ___________ he had lost on the train.  2.This is the very scarf 　　　　 my mother has been looking for.  3.I decided that if I learnt of a company 　　　 　 used a lot of plastic,I’d send it an email, urging it to cut back.  that/which或省略 that which/that 语法专项训练 4.Rome can be pricey for travellers,　　　　 is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社).  5.He lives in a room 　　 　　 windows face south.  6.We have found such materials 　　 　 are used in their factory.  7.Anyone 　　　　 upgrades his/her professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.  which　 whose as who 8.She was sad because their relationship　　　 　 had lasted for years was unexpectedly unconnected.  9.Dr Joyce Poole is a zoologist,　　　 　 studies the sounds of elephants.  10.The number of smokers,　　　　 is reported,has dropped by 17 per cent in just one year.  which/that　 who as Ⅱ.完成句子 1.请递给我那本绿色封面的书。 Please pass me the book 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  2.作为一名学生,每天早晨你应当做的第一件事就是制订适当的计划。 As a student, the first thing _________________________　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is to make a proper plan.  whose cover is green that you should do every morning 3.在高中,你将学习更多不同于初中的课程。 In senior high school, you’ll study more courses __________________  　_____your junior high school courses.  4.陈先生是一个很好的倾听者,你可以和他分享你的秘密。 Mr Chen is a good listener ___________________________________________ which/that are different from that/who/(whom) you can share your secrets with. 5.你在报告中描述的这种事现在很少发生。 Such things 　　　　　　　　 in the report seldom happen now.  6.我买了很多书,这些书花光了我攒下的所有钱。 I bought a great many books, ________________________　　　　　　　　　　　　　that I had saved.  on which I spent all my money as you described 关系词 先行词 (人？物？时间？地点？原因?) 在从句中充当成分 (主？宾？定？状?) who whom that which whose 人 主语 人 宾语 人 物 主语 宾语 物 主语 宾语 人 物 定语 宾语 表语 如何选用定语从句的关系词 1.首先分清主句和定语从句 2.确定定语从句的先行词 3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语） 4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。 Thanks $$