04：阅读理解说明文D篇 -备战2025年中考英语真题题源解密（浙江专用）

2024年浙江省中考英语真题深度解析及变式训练 阅读理解D篇第27-30题   【真题呈现】   第一节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。   D Every year, lots of animals around the world go on migrating(迁徙)journeys. Some need to find food; others are looking for somewhere to produce and raise their young, Migrations can be long and difficult for animals, but new research on birds has found that farmland along the way can help their progress. In spring, hundreds of thousands of birds living near Lake Po-yang, in China, fly north to Siberia, Russia. On the way, they find places to stop and eat to keep their energy levels up for the long journey, Some birds, such as geese, eat young grass that starts to grow at the beginning of the season. This food can last for only a few weeks, And rising temperatures caused by climate change can sometimes make the grass grow earlier than usual. This means that some birds are arriving too late to eat the grass. As more land is used for farming, the natural wetlands where birds like to search for food are disappearing, too. A team of researchers have recently chosen to follow 246 birds, including geese and tundra swans, that are flying from Lake Poyang to Siberia. They find that the birds have changed their diets to adapt(适应) to the environments they pass through. As well as eating grass from the wetlands along the way, the birds are also eating seeds(种子)dropped by farmers. The researchers believe that seeds will become a more important part of migrating birds' diets as more natural wetlands disappear, They suggest that if farmers use different ways of harvesting, such as using machine that leave behind more seeds in fields, it could help to feed migrating birds, However, they also say wetlands must be protected, so the birds can enjoy different foods during their long journeys. 27. Which can be a reason for animal migration according to Paragraph 1? A. Raising their babies. B. Enjoying the journey. C. Sending food to others. D. Taking care of the old. 28. What problem might the birds meet when flying from Lake Poyang to Siberia? A. There is no grass growing along the way. B. There is a sudden drop in temperature on the way. C. Fewer natural wetlands are left for them to find food. D. Some of the birds set out early and eat too much grass. 29. How do the birds adapt to the environments they pass through? A. By changing their diets. B. By changing the way they fly. C. By making their homes in wetlands. D.By making friends with farmers. 30.What can be the best title of the text? A.Stop killing, stop polluting. B. Save water, save life. C. Birds help harvesting work. D. Farms help migrating birds. 文章导读 关键词 动物迁徙（animal migration）、鸟类（birds）、农田（farmland）、食物（food）、环境适应（environmental adaptation）、湿地保护（wetland protection）、气候变化（climate change）、种子（seeds）。 文章大意 每年很多动物进行迁徙，对于鸟类来说迁徙漫长而艰难。以中国鄱阳湖的鸟类迁徙至俄罗斯西伯利亚为例，介绍了气候变化使鸟类食物青草生长时间变化致其错过进食时机，且农田增加使自然湿地减少。研究团队发现迁徙鸟类改变饮食适应环境，开始吃农民掉落的种子。研究人员认为随着自然湿地减少，种子将在迁徙鸟类饮食中更重要，同时也强调要保护湿地。 重点词汇 migrating（迁徙）、farmland（农田）、climate change（气候变化）、wetlands（湿地）、adapt（适应）、harvesting（收获） 复杂句式 As more land is used for farming, the natural wetlands where birds like to search for food are disappearing, too.（中文翻译：随着更多的土地被用于农业，鸟类喜欢觅食的自然湿地也在消失。）此句中 “As more land is used for farming” 是时间状语从句，“where birds like to search for food” 是定语从句，修饰 “natural wetlands”。 【答案】27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了生活在中国鄱阳湖一带的鸟类，为适应因气温上升和湿地破环造成的食物短缺问题，在迁徙到西伯利亚的过程中，改以沿途的农耕种子作为食物补充来源的研究发现。 27. A 解析：根据第一段 “Some need to find food; others are looking for somewhere to produce and raise their young.” 可知，动物迁徙的原因包括寻找食物以及寻找地方繁衍和养育幼崽。A 选项 “Raising their babies” 与文中 “raise their young” 意思一致。B 选项 “Enjoying the journey” 文中未提及；C 选项 “Sending food to others” 文中未提及；D 选项 “Taking care of the old” 文中未提及。 28.C 解析：根据第二段 “As more land is used for farming, the natural wetlands where birds like to search for food are disappearing, too.” 可知，从鄱阳湖飞往西伯利亚的鸟类面临的问题是随着更多土地被用于农业，它们寻找食物的天然湿地越来越少。A 选项 “There is no grass growing along the way” 与原文不符，文中提到有草生长；B 选项 “There is a sudden drop in temperature on the way” 文中未提及；D 选项 “Some of the birds set out early and eat too much grass” 与原文不符，文中提到的是由于气候变化草提前生长，导致一些鸟到达太晚吃不到草。 29.A 解析：根据第三段 “They find that the birds have changed their diets to adapt (适应) to the environments they pass through.” 可知，鸟类通过改变饮食来适应它们经过的环境。B 选项 “By changing the way they fly” 文中未提及；C 选项 “By making their homes in wetlands” 文中未提及；D 选项 “By making friends with farmers” 文中未提及。 30.D 解析：文章主要讲述了鸟类在迁徙过程中面临食物短缺的问题，以及随着天然湿地减少，鸟类开始食用农民留下的种子，说明农场在一定程度上帮助了迁徙的鸟类。A 选项 “Stop killing,stop polluting” 与文章主题不符；B 选项 “Save water, save life” 与文章主题不符；C 选项 “Birds help harvesting work” 与文章主题不符。 【语篇分析】本文是一篇说明文，情境属于“人与自然”主题范畴中“环境保护”主题群，涉及子主题“环境污染及原因，环保意识和行为”。文章介绍了生活在中国鄱阳湖一带的鸟类，为适应因气温上升和湿地破环造成的食物短缺问题，在迁徙到西伯利亚的过程中，改以沿途的农耕种子作为食物补充来源的研究发现。 28. What problem might the birds meet when flying from Lake Poyang to Siberia? A. There is no grass growing along the way. B. There is a sudden drop in temperature on the way. C.Fewer natural wetlands are left for them to find food D.Some of the birds set out early and eat too much grass. 【命题立意】本题考查学生的细节理解能力。 【答题分析】根据第二段“ And rising temperatures caused by climate change can sometimes make the grass.grow earlier than usual. This means that some birds are arriving too late to eat the grass. As more land is used for farming, the natural wetland where birds like to search for food are disappearing,to0.”可知，鸟类迁徙途中的食物短缺问题是气温上升和湿地破坏造成的，故选C。 30. What can be the best title of the text? A. Stop killing, stop polluting B. Save water, save life C. Birds help harvesting work D. Farms help migrating birds 【命题立意】本题考查学生的判断归纳能力。 【答题分析】根据语篇的主要内容，即鸟类在迁徙过程遇到的食物短缺问题、主要原因及应对策略判断和归纳出作者的观点，建议人们通过改变收获方式 (use different ways of harvesting)、保护湿地(wetlands must be protected)来给迁徙的鸟类留足食物，反映了人与自然和谐共生的理念，故选 D。       01、阅读理解 Yushu, Qinghai is one of the habitats for black-necked cranes (黑颈鹤). Cranes have very long necks and their necks are black. That’s why they are called black-necked cranes. Cranes travel very far every year. Cranes spend about 5 months in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Starting in March, black-necked cranes will fly back to Qinghai. There are lakes and marshes (沼泽), perfect for them to live in. Year after year, black-necked cranes may fly to other places, but they always come back to the plateau areas. Their life is harsh (艰苦的), because they have no enough food and the weather changes very often. Black-necked cranes have a very small population. They are under first-class state protection in China. Local people treat the birds with love. In local tradition, they are a symbol of good luck, so they are very popular. It is not hard to get along with the wild animals. Just give them a little more space. They can have a bigger chance to thrive (兴旺). People in Qinghai are working very hard to make sure the black-necked cranes live better. 1．How long do the cranes spend in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau? A．About 3 months. B．About 4 months. C．About 5 months. D．About 6 months. 2．________ are the perfect places for black-necked cranes to live in. A．Lakes and marshes B．Rivers C．Mountains D．Trees 3．Why do local people love the birds? A．Because they can fly in the sky. B．Because they are black. C．Because they look beautiful. D．Because they are a symbol of good luck. 4．According to the passage, what will happen to black-necked cranes in the future? A．Black-necked cranes will not come back B．There will be more black-necked cranes in the future. C．The city will be a home for black-necked cranes. D．People will hurt black necked cranes. 02、阅读理解 Animals have been helpers for human activities. A group of clams (河蚌) recently caught people’s attention after an article was posted by China Science Communication online. Although these clams are usually regarded as noting more than delicious food, they work to monitor (监测) the local water quality in Poland. The River Wisla, helps provide water to Warsaw, the capital of Poland. However, one special factor which influences the water quality has been heavy metals, and researchers looked for help from nature to solve this problem. Clams are easy to feel about the things which may cause pollution in their environment. They shut their shells (壳) immediately after monitoring “dangerous” water. Based on this, the researchers chose eight clams at a time and recorded the natural opening of their shells. After the clams get used to the local water, they are placed in a specially designed box which is put in the river. With sensors (感应器) stuck onto their shells, the clams are connected to a system that records how wide the shells are open. If four or more clams close their shells almost together, an alarm will go off and the water supply will be shut down. The result is dependable because the researchers had considered many different factors at the same time while testing before using the clams. 5．Where can we read the article? A．On the Internet. B．On the radio. C．In a book. 6．What work can clams do in Poland according to the passage? A．Improve the local water quality. B．Influence the local water quality. C．Monitor the local water quality. 7．If there are five clams shut their shells at the same time, what will happen? A．Nothing will happen. B．The alarm will go off. C．The water supply won’t be shut down. 8．What can we learn from the passage? A．Clams are only used to be cooked as delicious food. B．Heavy metals influence the water quality in the River Wisla. C．Researchers didn’t get help from nature to solve the problem. 03、阅读理解 Wild cheetahs used to live all over the grasslands in Africa and the Middle East. A century ago, there were over 100,000 cheetahs in the wild. Today that number has dropped to about 7,000. Their living place is becoming smaller and smaller. Less wilderness means less space to hunt. It also brings cheetahs closer to lions, who hunt cheetah cubs (幼崽). And cheetahs are sometimes killed by hunters or farmers who try to protect their cows and pigs. San Diego and other zoos have started programs to make sure cheetahs won’t die out. They also study cheetah behaviour and support programs to protect cheetahs in the wild. Most zoo cheetahs were born in zoos. In the wild, cheetah moms usually have 3 to 5 cubs at a time. The cubs grow up together and play together. But sometimes zoos will get a cheetah cub with no brothers or sisters. If so, they will try to find another cheetah family for it. If they can’t, zoos will find a dog for the lonely cub. Finding a dog for the single cheetah seems to help. Those little dogs are energetic and like to play and discover, just like cheetah cubs. So they can make good friends. What does it take to become a cheetah’s partner? The dog must be the right age, and about the same size as a cheetah cub when both are young. The dog also needs a calm, confident, and friendly personality. At first, zoos thought that cheetahs and dogs would stay together for life. Now, they’re learning that as cheetahs grow up, they spend more time alone. When cheetahs grow up, they remain friendly with the dogs as long as they used to. As adults, some cheetahs have a special job at the zoo. They might take part in programs to educate the public about cheetahs. Most people will never get to see a cheetah in the wild. But zoo cheetahs can help visitors learn about the speed and beauty of their wild kin (亲属) in some ways. Sometimes the dog comes along. When there are a lot of visitors, having a friend nearby can help the cheetah feel more confident. 9．What can we know from Paragraph 1? A．The history of cheetahs. B．The problems cheetahs face. C．The writer’s pity on cheetahs. D．The zoo’s protection for cheetahs. 10．What mainly helps a dog to make good friends with a cheetah cub? A．Its habit and age. B．Its habit and size. C．Its habit and personality. D．Its size and age. 11．What does “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to? A．Zoos. B．Dogs. C．Cheetahs. D．The public. 12．What’s the main reason for zoos to keep cheetahs? A．To find dogs as their friends. B．To educate the public about cheetahs. C．To keep them away from lions. D．To make sure they still live on the earth. 04、阅读理解 There is a place named Shark Bay (鲨鱼湾) in the western Australia. At least 28 kinds of sharks are swimming through the clear water there — the largest in the world. Especially tiger sharks are common visitors to Shark Bay. They move their 15-foot-long (4.5 meters) bodies through the seagrass, sometimes catching huge sea cows for a meal. Although tiger sharks are dangerous to them, they are important to the health of the ocean ecosystem (生态系统). In fact, they can also be our powerful friends in stopping climate change. It all comes back to the seagrass that moves with the waves in Shark Bay. The seagrass is food for the sea cows. Each eats about 40 kilograms of seagrass a day. By controlling the sea cow populations, tiger sharks in Shark Bay help the seagrass beds grow. A good seagrass bed stores twice as much CO2 per square mile as forests do on land. But in the world, tiger shark populations are becoming smaller, including some populations in Australia. Off Australia’s northeast coast of Queensland, it is said that tiger sharks have fallen by at least 71%, largely because of overfishing and bycatch (误捕). A reduction in tiger sharks means more seagrass eaten and less carbon kept in the ocean. In Shark Bay, the tiger sharks are able to achieve the balance by keeping sea cow populations down, and not all the bay’s seagrass is lost. But here comes the question: What if sharks disappeared from the bay? The need to understand how they support their ecosystems becomes even more urgent (紧迫的). 13．Which statements is true according to Paragraph 1? A．Tiger sharks eat sea cows. B．The tiger shark is the largest of its kind. C．A seagrass bed is about 4.5 meters long. D．Sea cows are harmful to the ocean ecosystem. 14．What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A．Visitors. B．Sea cows. C．Tiger sharks. D．Seagrass beds. 15．How much seagrass can two sea cows eat a day? A．20 kg. B．40 kg. C．60 kg. D．80 kg. 16．What’s the situation of tiger sharks? A．They are overfishing sea cows. B．They are moving out of Australia. C．Their populations are becoming smaller. D．Their living condition is becoming worse. 17．What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To give some information about sharks. B．To give some information about tiger sharks. C．To tell us there will be more sea cows in the future. D．To call on humans to take action to protect tiger sharks.    01、阅读理解 Animals have been helpers for human activities. A group of clams (河蚌) recently caught people’s attention after an article was posted by China Science Communication online. Although these clams are usually regarded as noting more than delicious food, they work to monitor (监测) the local water quality in Poland. The River Wisla, helps provide water to Warsaw, the capital of Poland. However, one special factor which influences the water quality has been heavy metals, and researchers looked for help from nature to solve this problem. Clams are easy to feel about the things which may cause pollution in their environment. They shut their shells (壳) immediately after monitoring “dangerous” water. Based on this, the researchers chose eight clams at a time and recorded the natural opening of their shells. After the clams get used to the local water, they are placed in a specially designed box which is put in the river. With sensors (感应器) stuck onto their shells, the clams are connected to a system that records how wide the shells are open. If four or more clams close their shells almost together, an alarm will go off and the water supply will be shut down. The result is dependable because the researchers had considered many different factors at the same time while testing before using the clams. 1．Where can we read the article? A．On the Internet. B．On the radio. C．In a book. 2．What work can clams do in Poland according to the passage? A．Improve the local water quality. B．Influence the local water quality. C．Monitor the local water quality. 3．If there are five clams shut their shells at the same time, what will happen? A．Nothing will happen. B．The alarm will go off. C．The water supply won’t be shut down. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Clams are only used to be cooked as delicious food. B．Heavy metals influence the water quality in the River Wisla. C．Researchers didn’t get help from nature to solve the problem. 02、阅读理解 When you think of the sea, you may not think of Xinjiang or Inner Mongolia. But recently, the “seafood” produced in these places has become popular, especially after Japan put nuclear-contaminated water (核污染水) into the sea. In Nilka county (尼勒克县) in Xinjiang, about 6,000 tons of rainbow trout (虹鳟鱼) will be produced this year. Rainbow trout belongs to the same family as salmon (鲑鱼), which is a kind of well-known seafood. It tastes like salmon too. Why do farmers there choose to grow fish? The weather in some parts of Xinjiang is seldom hot, and the rivers are fed by meltwater (融水) from the Tianshan Mountains. Water deeper than 6 meters always stays at 10℃. As the meltwater is very clean and cold, it’s a “comfortable” home for fish, Li Chunyu, a worker at a fish company said. To make sure the river stays clean, the company uses machines to clean fish waste in the water. They also use net cages (网箱) that are good for the environment. The net s are about 51 meters wide and lie 25 meters deep in the river. At the same time, in Inner Mongolia, the whiteleg shrimp (南美白对虾) grows well. Saline soil (盐碱土) covers a large part of the desert where few plants are able to grow. Farmers used to put water from the Yellow River onto the farmland to wash away the salt. This was a waste of salty water. Scientists then decided to create “seawater” with the salty water by adding in some other components (成分). Whiteleg shrimps can live well in this kind of water. They taste no different from the same kind of shrimp that grows in the sea. 5．Rainbow trout comfortably live in ________. A．any open water area B．warm and clean rivers C．salty and warm oceans D．cold and clean rivers 6．People turn their eyes from Japan's seafood to Xinjiang's because ________. A．Xinjiang's seafood is much tastier B．the sea environment is polluted C．people find a new ocean in Xinjiang D．Xinjiang produces all kinds of seafood 7．To avoid water pollution caused by growing fish, the company ________. ①cleans the water with machines          ②grows fish in fixed water areas ③grows one kind of fish once a year     ④cuts down the fish production (产出） A．①② B．③④ C．①②③ D．②③④ 8．What can you infer (推断) from the passage? A．Life will not be different without seafood. B．Japan shouldn’t let out nuclear-contaminated water. C．China won’t be short of fishery products. D．Xinjiang is rich in natural resources. 03、阅读理解 Monarch butterflies (帝王蝶) are flying through Missouri (密苏里州) on their way to Mexico. Many American people love to see these bright-colored black-and-orange butterflies, but they need our help to stay safe and healthy. Every year, monarch butterflies travel south to Mexico in the fall and fly back next spring. As the monarchs go south, people in Missouri might start seeing more of these beautiful things. They’ve already been found in places like Kansas City, and even in smaller towns like St. Joseph. Sadly, the number of monarchs has dropped by 80% in the past twenty years. Monarch caterpillars (毛毛虫) need to eat milkweed (乳草) to grow. Much of the milkweed in the country is gone because of the overuse of herbicides (除草剂) in farming. Without these plants, monarchs have no place to live or find food. Monarchs plays an important role because, like bees, they can carry pollen (花粉), which help plants make seeds and fruit. Here are some things you can do to help these amazing butterflies: Plant Milkweed: This is the only plant where monarchs lay their eggs. By planting milkweed in your garden, you can give these butterflies a place to stop and rest during their trip. You can also plant other flowers to provide food for the adult butterflies. Take Photos: If you you see a monarch, take a photo and up load it to the Western Monarch Milkweed Mapper. You can help follow the movements of monarchs and understand where they are during the year, which is valuable information for researchers. Help Fight Global Warming: Changes in the weather are making life harder for monarchs. Bad weather hurts milkweed and when the temperature is too high or too low, it’s difficult for monarchs to grow up. By doing things to help the environment, like recycling and saving energy, you can help slow down global warming and protect the monarchs. 9．When is this passage probably written? A．In spring. B．In summer. C．In fall. D．In winter. 10．How did the number of monarch butterflies change in the past 20 years? A． B． C． D． 11．Why are monarch butterflies important? A．Because people enjoy seeing them in nature. B．Because bees need their support to carry pollen. C．Because they can help plants to grow. D．Because they can find food for other animals. 12．What can ordinary people do to help protect monarchs? A．They can keep monarchs in their own gardens. B．They can plant flowers as food for monarchs. C．They can take photos to follow the milkweed. D．They can stop using energy to help the environment. 04、阅读理解 A video of a black sun bear at the Hangzhou Zoo in China’s Zhejiang province has become popular. In the video, the bear stands on its back legs and the fur (毛) on its back is loose (松散的). Many people thought it was a person standing in a bear suit. The zoo workers said that the sun bear was real. “If a person did wear a bear suit, they would be falling down within minutes because of the hot weather in summer.” Later, the zoo made a statement (声明) in the name of “Angela”, the sun bear. “Some people think I stand like a person. It seems you don’t understand me very well,” the statement said. “Let me say again to everyone that I am a sun bear—not a black bear, not a dog—a sun bear!” Sun bears live in the forests of Southeast Asia. They are the smallest bears in the world. They are only about the size of a large dog. They can be 1.1—1.5 meters tall while standing on their back legs. They can weigh from 25 to 75 kilograms. Sun bears are the least studied out of all the 8 kinds of bears. Maybe this is because they are shy and live far away from people. They are listed as vulnerable (易危的) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Their numbers in the wild have fallen by 35% over the past thirty years, according to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). They need more protection. 13．What does the sun bear look like in the video? A．The bear stands on its fore legs and the fur on its head is loose. B．The bear stands on its back legs and the fur on its back is loose. C．The bear sits on its back legs and the fur on its back is in a mess. 14．Why was the sun bear a real one according to the zoo worker? A．A person in a bear suit wouldn’t stand up for a long time because the weather is hot. B．A person in a bear suit wouldn’t fall down for a long time because of the hot weather. C．A person in a bear suit would let people think that was a real bear because of the hot weather. 15．Where do sun bears live? A．In the forests of Northeast of Asia. B．In the forests of Southeast of Asia. C．In the forests of Southeast of Africa. 16．What can you learn from the passage? A．The sun bear in the video is not a real sun bear. B．Sun bears can weigh more than 150 kilograms. C．The number of sun bears has fallen by 35% over the past thirty years. 05、阅读理解 People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. A new study adds chickens to the list. It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers (研究者) put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment (失望). The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves. Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry (产业) in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier. 17．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken? A． B． C． D． 18．How did the volunteers help with the research? A．By listening to the chicken calls. B．By taking care of the chickens. C．By finding food for the chickens. D．By making the chickens happy. 19．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Control. B．Hide. C．Know. D．Hurt. 20．What is the best title for the passage? A．Chickens’ Food Calls B．Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens C．Farmers’ Best Choice D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers    01、阅读理解 Did you know that there might be Lego toys on a beach near you? This year, 13-year-old boy Liutauras found a Lego fish on a beach in Cornwall, UK. The piece was one of millions that fell into the sea in 1997. At that time, a stormhit the cargo ship (货船) Tokio Express. It pushed 62 shipping boxes into the water. One of them held about 5 million Lego pieces. It’s known as the Great Lego Spill (乐高大泄露) of 1997. About 27 years after that, people are still finding Lego pieces across the beaches of Europe today. Tracey Williams, a UK writer, was among many people who started finding Lego pieces after the spill. She started to write about the Legofinds in 2010. “Searching for lost Lego from a cargo spill started as a bit of fun, a treasure hunt with my children. It opened my eyes to all the rest of the plastic (塑料) in the ocean,”Williams told the media. In Williams’s book, Adrift: The Curious Tale of the Lego Lost at Sea, she looks at what humans do to the sea’s environment. “Some oceanographers (海洋学家) believe it could have all the way around the world,” Williams wrote in the book. In fact, people will not find most of these pieces because they are lying on the seabed. This shows how long plastic stays in our oceans and environment. It never fully breaks down (分解), and when sea animals eat it, they can get seriously hurt. According to The New York Times, a spokesperson for the Lego Group said the company didn’t “ever want Lego . . . to end up in the sea” and is “serious about its role in helping to look after the planet”. This year, the toy maker said that it is stopping the use of oil in Lego and using renewable (可再生的) materials. 1．How many Lego pieces fell into the sea in 1997? A．62 shipping boxes. B．One million. C．Around 5 million. D．514. 2．Why can people still find Lego pieces on the beach after the Great Lego Spill of 1997? A．Because there are too many Lego pieces on the beach. B．Because plastic can hardly break down even after a long time. C．Because many people are really interested in Lego pieces. D．Because there are more Lego pieces on the beaches than on the seabed. 3．On which website can we probably read the above article? A．www.lego.com B．www.humanandnature.com C．www.worldwildlife.com D．www.forgottenbooks.com 4．What’s this passage mainly about? A．Great Lego Spill warns us how plastic is bad for environment. B．Searching for lost Lego from a cargo spill is becoming popular. C．It’s great fun for people to find Lego toys on a beach. D．Lego company will use renewable materials instead of oil. 02、阅读理解 Oil spills (泄漏) are harmful to ocean life. Lately, after an oil spill in the Australian waters, scientists said that the oil was making the life of the little blue penguins in the south of Australia. A penguin has shiny feathers (羽毛) that are covered in natural oils. The feathers help them keep out water and keep them warm in the icy waters. Oil from a spill destroys these natural oils and the penguin can’t protect itself from the cold. And, as it cleans its feathers using its beak (喙), it is possible to take in the harmful oil and die. After an oil spill, people have to pull out the penguins from the oil and clean them. Then, one of the most important jobs is to make them healthy and strong again before letting them go back into the wild. But the workers at the Phillip Island National Park found another way. The workers actually dressed up the penguins in tiny sweaters. These sweaters are very helpful in keeping the penguins warm and preventing them from taking in the harmful oil. Because they can’t get enough suitable sweaters, the designs of these special penguin sweaters were put on the Internet. Lots of people from different parts of the world sent sweaters which were made by themselves for these tiny birds. Of course, if you visit Phillip Island, you are not going to see penguins walking around in sweaters. This clothing is used only when a penguin has just been saved from an oil spill. Once the penguins are cleaned and dressed in the sweaters, they are put in salt-water pools to help them become healthy. As they swim around and become stronger, the salt water gradually takes down the sweaters. By the time, the penguins are ready to return to the ocean, their natural oils are back and they go home dressed only in their feathers. 5．What does the underlined word “destroys” in paragraph two probably mean? A．cools B．pollutes C．produces D．cuts 6．What can we learn about the sweaters from the passage? A．They stop the penguins from taking in the harmful oil. B．All penguins are dressed in them at the Phillip Island. C．They are made by the workers in the national park. D．The penguins will go back to the ocean in them. 7．What is the correct process of helping the penguins? ①Send them back until they’re strong enough. ②Dress them in the sweaters. ③Clean them. ④Pull them out from the oil. ⑤Put them in salt-water pools. A．④③②⑤① B．④②⑤③① C．③②⑤④① D．③⑤④②① 8．Which column (栏目) of a newspaper might the passage come from? A．Sports. B．Health. C．Culture. D．Environment. 03、阅读理解 Have you ever seen pandas that aren’t black-and-white? Scientists have found that there are brown-and-white pandas living in a mountain in China. Scientists studied the genes (基因) of different pandas in the wild and they have found that pandas with brown-and-white coats are the result of changes in the natural environment. To understand what lies behind the special color, the scientists studied Qizai, a brown panda in Hanzhong. He is now the only brown panda in captivity (圈养). When compared with hair from three black-and-white pandas, Qizai’s brownish coat had fewer and smaller melanosomes (黑素体). What’s more, the melanosomes were more likely to be differently shaped, the study team found. The scientists then collected genetic information about Qizai and pieced together his family tree. The scientists studied the genetic information from Qizai’s family members and compared it with the genetic information from 12 black-and-white pandas from the Qinling Mountains and 17 black-and-white pandas from other places in China. While none of Qizai’s family members had brown coats, the scientists were able to show that his parents and son all had one copy of the recessive trait (隐性特质) on a certain gene, while Qizai had two copies. The scientists then studied another 192 black-and-white pandas. The gene change causing the brown coats was only found in two pandas from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, not Sichuan province, where most China’s pandas live. It’s not clear what caused the genetic change. Scientists said it must be because of the environment of the Qinling Mountains, which is different from that of Sichuan. “For those who care about pandas, this is a great development,” said Wang, who worked in the mountains for 10 years. Wang said he was glad to see the scientists’ efforts in trying to work out this scientific question. 9．What is the fact of Qizai? A．He lives in Sichuan province. B．He is a black-and-white panda. C．He has a family of twelve members. D．He has two copies of the recessive trait. 10．What can be found in Paragraph 5? A．The results of the study. B．The methods of the study. C．The difficulties of the study. D．The advantages of the study. 11．What does the study focus on? A．Pandas’ family trees. B．Pandas’ genetic information. C．Pandas’ common coats. D．Pandas’ living environment. 12．What is Wang’s attitude (态度) towards the study? A．Hopeful. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Uncertain. 13．Why is the text written? A．To give advice. B．To present a problem. C．To offer knowledge. D．To share an experience. 04、阅读理解 In the past, African penguins laid their eggs in holes dug in their own guano (粪便). But in the 1800s, most of the guano was shipped by traders to the UK, where it was used to make plants grow better. Since then, many penguins have nested in the open, leaving them easy to get heatstroke (中暑). Their eggs are also at risk of being stolen. Shaun Welman, an animal expert, has seen penguins sitting with their eyes closed, heads down and mouths open in the burning midday heat, trying to protect their eggs. Because penguins evolved (演变) to keep heat in cold water, they can easily overheat on land. Usually, penguins leave their nests regularly to cool off in the sea. But without proper holes, this leaves their eggs unprotected. “Now the African penguin is on the endangered species (物种) list, mainly because of humans,” Welman says. Since 1900, the African penguin population has dropped from three million to only 48,000. Luckily, a team of researchers seems to have found a way. Over the past years, the team has put more than 1,500 handmade ceramic (陶瓷的) nest boxes in five areas where the penguins live, including Bird Island in Algoa Bay, South Africa, which is home to nearly half of the world’s remaining African penguins. Looking like small round houses, the double-walled ceramic nests can keep African penguins cool. The ceramic nests remain around 1°C lower than a penguin’s resting body temperature, which is about 37°C． “The nests are so useful,” Welman says. “Even if adults had to leave nests for some reasons, their eggs would never be at any risk of overheating. In an experiment, the team recorded ground temperatures of nearly 51°C outside a ceramic nest box, while only 23℃ inside. Welman adds that African penguins, which nest in the open, will be increasingly influenced by their environment as the climate changes. 14．Which is TRUE about African penguins? A．Their eggs are not influenced by the heat. B．They sometimes go into the sea to cool off. C．They have always built their nests in the open. D．They were shipped to England in the19th century. 15．Why did the researchers choose Bird Island for their study? A．Because it’s in South Africa. B．Because researchers know a lot about it. C．Because it’s easier to put new ceramic nests there. D．Because there are lots of African penguins living there. 16．What’s the biggest advantage of this ceramic nest? A．It is made up of two hard walls. B．It has enough room for adult penguins. C．It allows the penguins to stay cool inside. D．It provides a new place for the penguins to lay their eggs. 17．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．More people are joining in to protect the penguins. B．The penguin population is sure to increase in the future. C．The ceramic nest is the only way to save African penguins. D．Conditions for African penguins may be about to get worse. 05、阅读理解 Xizangan antelopes were one of China’s top ten most endangered animals. Every year from May to August on the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau (青藏高原), Xizangan antelopes travel hundreds of kilometers to have their babies. Their trip is hard. They have to cross railways and roads. Some antelopes die because of the bad weather. Some die because of the accidents. The food and water shortages are also problems for them. To make their trip easier, people have made more than 30 “wildlife corridors (通道)”. A wildlife corridor can be natural or man-made. If highways or cities get in the animals’ way, they can still move freely and safely through the corridor. Xizangan antelopes are careful about dangers around them. So China makes special corridors under highways or railway bridges. The corridors are big. Antelopes can easily look around when they pass through. According to some research, the population of Xizangan antelopes in China has been recovering little by little and is presently more than 300,000. In Europe, there are small and dark tunnels (隧道) for small animals, like mice and turtles (海龟). In the US, people make ropes or bridges between trees for squirrels (松鼠). People are trying hard to make corridors for animals’ lives. It is not hard to get along with wild animals. Just give them a little more space. They can have a bigger chance to live better. 18．What makes Xizangan antelopes’ trip hard according to the text? a. The human hunting. b. The accidents. c. The bad weather. d. The water shortage. e. The natural enemy attack. A．b, d, e B．a, b, d C．a, c, e D．b, c, d 19．How do people help the Xizangan antelopes? A．They make small and dark tunnels for them. B．They make boats for them to cross the rivers. C．They make ropes or bridges between trees for them. D．They make special corridors under highways or railway bridges. 20．Which paragraph tells what people do for small animals? A．② B．③ C．④ D．⑤ 21．What is the structure of the passage? (P= Paragraph)? A． B． C． D． 22．What’s the best title for the text? A．How to protect wild animals B．Xizangan antelopes are in danger C．Corridors for animals’ lives D．Hard trips for the wild animals 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024年浙江省中考英语真题深度解析及变式训练 阅读理解D篇第27-30题   【真题呈现】   第一节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。   D Every year, lots of animals around the world go on migrating(迁徙)journeys. Some need to find food; others are looking for somewhere to produce and raise their young, Migrations can be long and difficult for animals, but new research on birds has found that farmland along the way can help their progress. In spring, hundreds of thousands of birds living near Lake Po-yang, in China, fly north to Siberia, Russia. On the way, they find places to stop and eat to keep their energy levels up for the long journey, Some birds, such as geese, eat young grass that starts to grow at the beginning of the season. This food can last for only a few weeks, And rising temperatures caused by climate change can sometimes make the grass grow earlier than usual. This means that some birds are arriving too late to eat the grass. As more land is used for farming, the natural wetlands where birds like to search for food are disappearing, too. A team of researchers have recently chosen to follow 246 birds, including geese and tundra swans, that are flying from Lake Poyang to Siberia. They find that the birds have changed their diets to adapt(适应) to the environments they pass through. As well as eating grass from the wetlands along the way, the birds are also eating seeds(种子)dropped by farmers. The researchers believe that seeds will become a more important part of migrating birds' diets as more natural wetlands disappear, They suggest that if farmers use different ways of harvesting, such as using machine that leave behind more seeds in fields, it could help to feed migrating birds, However, they also say wetlands must be protected, so the birds can enjoy different foods during their long journeys. 27. Which can be a reason for animal migration according to Paragraph 1? A. Raising their babies. B. Enjoying the journey. C. Sending food to others. D. Taking care of the old. 28. What problem might the birds meet when flying from Lake Poyang to Siberia? A. There is no grass growing along the way. B. There is a sudden drop in temperature on the way. C. Fewer natural wetlands are left for them to find food. D. Some of the birds set out early and eat too much grass. 29. How do the birds adapt to the environments they pass through? A. By changing their diets. B. By changing the way they fly. C. By making their homes in wetlands. D.By making friends with farmers. 30.What can be the best title of the text? A.Stop killing, stop polluting. B. Save water, save life. C. Birds help harvesting work. D. Farms help migrating birds. 文章导读 关键词 动物迁徙（animal migration）、鸟类（birds）、农田（farmland）、食物（food）、环境适应（environmental adaptation）、湿地保护（wetland protection）、气候变化（climate change）、种子（seeds）。 文章大意 每年很多动物进行迁徙，对于鸟类来说迁徙漫长而艰难。以中国鄱阳湖的鸟类迁徙至俄罗斯西伯利亚为例，介绍了气候变化使鸟类食物青草生长时间变化致其错过进食时机，且农田增加使自然湿地减少。研究团队发现迁徙鸟类改变饮食适应环境，开始吃农民掉落的种子。研究人员认为随着自然湿地减少，种子将在迁徙鸟类饮食中更重要，同时也强调要保护湿地。 重点词汇 migrating（迁徙）、farmland（农田）、climate change（气候变化）、wetlands（湿地）、adapt（适应）、harvesting（收获） 复杂句式 As more land is used for farming, the natural wetlands where birds like to search for food are disappearing, too.（中文翻译：随着更多的土地被用于农业，鸟类喜欢觅食的自然湿地也在消失。）此句中 “As more land is used for farming” 是时间状语从句，“where birds like to search for food” 是定语从句，修饰 “natural wetlands”。 【答案】27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了生活在中国鄱阳湖一带的鸟类，为适应因气温上升和湿地破环造成的食物短缺问题，在迁徙到西伯利亚的过程中，改以沿途的农耕种子作为食物补充来源的研究发现。 27. A 解析：根据第一段 “Some need to find food; others are looking for somewhere to produce and raise their young.” 可知，动物迁徙的原因包括寻找食物以及寻找地方繁衍和养育幼崽。A 选项 “Raising their babies” 与文中 “raise their young” 意思一致。B 选项 “Enjoying the journey” 文中未提及；C 选项 “Sending food to others” 文中未提及；D 选项 “Taking care of the old” 文中未提及。 28.C 解析：根据第二段 “As more land is used for farming, the natural wetlands where birds like to search for food are disappearing, too.” 可知，从鄱阳湖飞往西伯利亚的鸟类面临的问题是随着更多土地被用于农业，它们寻找食物的天然湿地越来越少。A 选项 “There is no grass growing along the way” 与原文不符，文中提到有草生长；B 选项 “There is a sudden drop in temperature on the way” 文中未提及；D 选项 “Some of the birds set out early and eat too much grass” 与原文不符，文中提到的是由于气候变化草提前生长，导致一些鸟到达太晚吃不到草。 29.A 解析：根据第三段 “They find that the birds have changed their diets to adapt (适应) to the environments they pass through.” 可知，鸟类通过改变饮食来适应它们经过的环境。B 选项 “By changing the way they fly” 文中未提及；C 选项 “By making their homes in wetlands” 文中未提及；D 选项 “By making friends with farmers” 文中未提及。 30.D 解析：文章主要讲述了鸟类在迁徙过程中面临食物短缺的问题，以及随着天然湿地减少，鸟类开始食用农民留下的种子，说明农场在一定程度上帮助了迁徙的鸟类。A 选项 “Stop killing,stop polluting” 与文章主题不符；B 选项 “Save water, save life” 与文章主题不符；C 选项 “Birds help harvesting work” 与文章主题不符。 【语篇分析】本文是一篇说明文，情境属于“人与自然”主题范畴中“环境保护”主题群，涉及子主题“环境污染及原因，环保意识和行为”。文章介绍了生活在中国鄱阳湖一带的鸟类，为适应因气温上升和湿地破环造成的食物短缺问题，在迁徙到西伯利亚的过程中，改以沿途的农耕种子作为食物补充来源的研究发现。 28. What problem might the birds meet when flying from Lake Poyang to Siberia? A. There is no grass growing along the way. B. There is a sudden drop in temperature on the way. C.Fewer natural wetlands are left for them to find food D.Some of the birds set out early and eat too much grass. 【命题立意】本题考查学生的细节理解能力。 【答题分析】根据第二段“ And rising temperatures caused by climate change can sometimes make the grass.grow earlier than usual. This means that some birds are arriving too late to eat the grass. As more land is used for farming, the natural wetland where birds like to search for food are disappearing,to0.”可知，鸟类迁徙途中的食物短缺问题是气温上升和湿地破坏造成的，故选C。 30. What can be the best title of the text? A. Stop killing, stop polluting B. Save water, save life C. Birds help harvesting work D. Farms help migrating birds 【命题立意】本题考查学生的判断归纳能力。 【答题分析】根据语篇的主要内容，即鸟类在迁徙过程遇到的食物短缺问题、主要原因及应对策略判断和归纳出作者的观点，建议人们通过改变收获方式 (use different ways of harvesting)、保护湿地(wetlands must be protected)来给迁徙的鸟类留足食物，反映了人与自然和谐共生的理念，故选 D。       01、阅读理解 Yushu, Qinghai is one of the habitats for black-necked cranes (黑颈鹤). Cranes have very long necks and their necks are black. That’s why they are called black-necked cranes. Cranes travel very far every year. Cranes spend about 5 months in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Starting in March, black-necked cranes will fly back to Qinghai. There are lakes and marshes (沼泽), perfect for them to live in. Year after year, black-necked cranes may fly to other places, but they always come back to the plateau areas. Their life is harsh (艰苦的), because they have no enough food and the weather changes very often. Black-necked cranes have a very small population. They are under first-class state protection in China. Local people treat the birds with love. In local tradition, they are a symbol of good luck, so they are very popular. It is not hard to get along with the wild animals. Just give them a little more space. They can have a bigger chance to thrive (兴旺). People in Qinghai are working very hard to make sure the black-necked cranes live better. 1．How long do the cranes spend in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau? A．About 3 months. B．About 4 months. C．About 5 months. D．About 6 months. 2．________ are the perfect places for black-necked cranes to live in. A．Lakes and marshes B．Rivers C．Mountains D．Trees 3．Why do local people love the birds? A．Because they can fly in the sky. B．Because they are black. C．Because they look beautiful. D．Because they are a symbol of good luck. 4．According to the passage, what will happen to black-necked cranes in the future? A．Black-necked cranes will not come back B．There will be more black-necked cranes in the future. C．The city will be a home for black-necked cranes. D．People will hurt black necked cranes. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍黑颈鹤的生存现状，告诉我们青海人民正在努力，以确保黑颈鹤生活得更好。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Cranes spend about 5 months in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.”可知，鹤在青藏高原的生活时间约为5个月。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“There are lakes and marshes (沼泽), perfect for them to live in.”可知，湖泊和沼泽非常适合它们居住。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Local people treat the birds with love. In local tradition, they are a symbol of good luck, so they are very popular.”可知，在当地的传统中，它们是好运的象征，所以它们很受欢迎。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is not hard to get along with the wild animals. Just give them a little more space. They can have a bigger chance to thrive (兴旺). People in Qinghai are working very hard to make sure the black-necked cranes live better.”可知，给它们多一点空间。它们可以有更大的机会变得兴旺。青海人民正在努力工作，以确保黑颈鹤生活得更好。故推测出在青海人民的努力下，将来会有更多的黑颈鹤。故选B。 02、阅读理解 Animals have been helpers for human activities. A group of clams (河蚌) recently caught people’s attention after an article was posted by China Science Communication online. Although these clams are usually regarded as noting more than delicious food, they work to monitor (监测) the local water quality in Poland. The River Wisla, helps provide water to Warsaw, the capital of Poland. However, one special factor which influences the water quality has been heavy metals, and researchers looked for help from nature to solve this problem. Clams are easy to feel about the things which may cause pollution in their environment. They shut their shells (壳) immediately after monitoring “dangerous” water. Based on this, the researchers chose eight clams at a time and recorded the natural opening of their shells. After the clams get used to the local water, they are placed in a specially designed box which is put in the river. With sensors (感应器) stuck onto their shells, the clams are connected to a system that records how wide the shells are open. If four or more clams close their shells almost together, an alarm will go off and the water supply will be shut down. The result is dependable because the researchers had considered many different factors at the same time while testing before using the clams. 5．Where can we read the article? A．On the Internet. B．On the radio. C．In a book. 6．What work can clams do in Poland according to the passage? A．Improve the local water quality. B．Influence the local water quality. C．Monitor the local water quality. 7．If there are five clams shut their shells at the same time, what will happen? A．Nothing will happen. B．The alarm will go off. C．The water supply won’t be shut down. 8．What can we learn from the passage? A．Clams are only used to be cooked as delicious food. B．Heavy metals influence the water quality in the River Wisla. C．Researchers didn’t get help from nature to solve the problem. 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了河蚌对于波兰水质监测起到的积极作用。 5．推理判断题。本文是一篇关于河蚌对于波兰水质监测起到的作用的研究报道，因此我们可能会在网上读到。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据“Although these clams are usually regarded as noting more than delicious food, they work to monitor (监测) the local water quality in Poland.”可知河蚌在波兰可以监测当地水质。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据“If four or more clams close their shells almost together, an alarm will go off and the water supply will be shut down.”可知如果有四个或更多的河蚌同时合上了壳，警报器就会响。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据“The River Wisla, helps provide water to Warsaw, the capital of Poland. However, one special factor which influences the water quality has been heavy metals”可知重金属影响了维斯瓦河的水质。故选B。 03、阅读理解 Wild cheetahs used to live all over the grasslands in Africa and the Middle East. A century ago, there were over 100,000 cheetahs in the wild. Today that number has dropped to about 7,000. Their living place is becoming smaller and smaller. Less wilderness means less space to hunt. It also brings cheetahs closer to lions, who hunt cheetah cubs (幼崽). And cheetahs are sometimes killed by hunters or farmers who try to protect their cows and pigs. San Diego and other zoos have started programs to make sure cheetahs won’t die out. They also study cheetah behaviour and support programs to protect cheetahs in the wild. Most zoo cheetahs were born in zoos. In the wild, cheetah moms usually have 3 to 5 cubs at a time. The cubs grow up together and play together. But sometimes zoos will get a cheetah cub with no brothers or sisters. If so, they will try to find another cheetah family for it. If they can’t, zoos will find a dog for the lonely cub. Finding a dog for the single cheetah seems to help. Those little dogs are energetic and like to play and discover, just like cheetah cubs. So they can make good friends. What does it take to become a cheetah’s partner? The dog must be the right age, and about the same size as a cheetah cub when both are young. The dog also needs a calm, confident, and friendly personality. At first, zoos thought that cheetahs and dogs would stay together for life. Now, they’re learning that as cheetahs grow up, they spend more time alone. When cheetahs grow up, they remain friendly with the dogs as long as they used to. As adults, some cheetahs have a special job at the zoo. They might take part in programs to educate the public about cheetahs. Most people will never get to see a cheetah in the wild. But zoo cheetahs can help visitors learn about the speed and beauty of their wild kin (亲属) in some ways. Sometimes the dog comes along. When there are a lot of visitors, having a friend nearby can help the cheetah feel more confident. 9．What can we know from Paragraph 1? A．The history of cheetahs. B．The problems cheetahs face. C．The writer’s pity on cheetahs. D．The zoo’s protection for cheetahs. 10．What mainly helps a dog to make good friends with a cheetah cub? A．Its habit and age. B．Its habit and size. C．Its habit and personality. D．Its size and age. 11．What does “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to? A．Zoos. B．Dogs. C．Cheetahs. D．The public. 12．What’s the main reason for zoos to keep cheetahs? A．To find dogs as their friends. B．To educate the public about cheetahs. C．To keep them away from lions. D．To make sure they still live on the earth. 【答案】9．B 10．D 11．A 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了野生猎豹数量的急剧下降以及动物园为保护猎豹所采取的措施，包括通过配对猎豹幼崽与小狗来提供社交支持，以及动物园中成年猎豹在教育和公众宣传方面的特殊作用。 9．主旨大意题。综合第一段可知，本段主要描述了野生猎豹的数量从过去的10万多只下降到现在的7000只左右，并提到了猎豹面临的两个主要问题：一是猎豹幼崽被猎杀，二是猎豹有时会被试图保护牛和猪的猎人或农民杀害；据此可知，本段主要指出了猎豹面临的问题。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据第六段“What does it take to become a cheetah’s partner? The dog must be the right age, and about the same size as a cheetah cub when both are young.”可知，年龄和大小主要帮助狗与猎豹幼崽交好朋友。故选D。 11．词义猜测题。根据第七段“At first, zoos thought that cheetahs and dogs would stay together for life. Now, they’re learning that as cheetahs grow up, they spend more time alone.”可知，起初，动物园认为猎豹和狗会终生待在一起；但发现随着猎豹的成长，它们会花更多的时间独处；据此可以推断，划线单词“they”指代上文中的“动物园”。故选A。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段“San Diego and other zoos have started programs to make sure cheetahs won’t die out. They also study cheetah behavior and support programs to protect cheetahs in the wild.”可知，圣地亚哥和其他动物园已经启动了确保猎豹不会灭绝的项目；他们还研究猎豹的行为，并支持保护野生猎豹的计划；据此可以推断，动物园饲养猎豹的主要目的是为了确保它们不会灭绝，即仍然能在地球上生存。故选D。 04、阅读理解 There is a place named Shark Bay (鲨鱼湾) in the western Australia. At least 28 kinds of sharks are swimming through the clear water there — the largest in the world. Especially tiger sharks are common visitors to Shark Bay. They move their 15-foot-long (4.5 meters) bodies through the seagrass, sometimes catching huge sea cows for a meal. Although tiger sharks are dangerous to them, they are important to the health of the ocean ecosystem (生态系统). In fact, they can also be our powerful friends in stopping climate change. It all comes back to the seagrass that moves with the waves in Shark Bay. The seagrass is food for the sea cows. Each eats about 40 kilograms of seagrass a day. By controlling the sea cow populations, tiger sharks in Shark Bay help the seagrass beds grow. A good seagrass bed stores twice as much CO2 per square mile as forests do on land. But in the world, tiger shark populations are becoming smaller, including some populations in Australia. Off Australia’s northeast coast of Queensland, it is said that tiger sharks have fallen by at least 71%, largely because of overfishing and bycatch (误捕). A reduction in tiger sharks means more seagrass eaten and less carbon kept in the ocean. In Shark Bay, the tiger sharks are able to achieve the balance by keeping sea cow populations down, and not all the bay’s seagrass is lost. But here comes the question: What if sharks disappeared from the bay? The need to understand how they support their ecosystems becomes even more urgent (紧迫的). 13．Which statements is true according to Paragraph 1? A．Tiger sharks eat sea cows. B．The tiger shark is the largest of its kind. C．A seagrass bed is about 4.5 meters long. D．Sea cows are harmful to the ocean ecosystem. 14．What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A．Visitors. B．Sea cows. C．Tiger sharks. D．Seagrass beds. 15．How much seagrass can two sea cows eat a day? A．20 kg. B．40 kg. C．60 kg. D．80 kg. 16．What’s the situation of tiger sharks? A．They are overfishing sea cows. B．They are moving out of Australia. C．Their populations are becoming smaller. D．Their living condition is becoming worse. 17．What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To give some information about sharks. B．To give some information about tiger sharks. C．To tell us there will be more sea cows in the future. D．To call on humans to take action to protect tiger sharks. 【答案】13．A 14．C 15．D 16．C 17．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在澳大利亚西端的鲨鱼湾中，虎鲨是我们阻止气候变化的有力朋友，因此了解虎鲨是如何支持生态系统的需求变得更加迫切了。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“They move their 15-foot-long (4.5 meters) bodies through the seagrass, sometimes catching huge sea cows for a meal.”可知，虎鲨有时会捕捉巨大的海牛作为一顿大餐。故选A。 14．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Although tiger sharks are dangerous to them, they are important to the health of the ocean ecosystem (生态系统).”可知，虎鲨对海洋生态系统的健康很重要，故此处的划线单词指的是“虎鲨”。故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The seagrass is food for the sea cows. Each eats about 40 kilograms of seagrass a day.”可知，每只海牛每天要吃大约40公斤的海草，故两只海牛一天要吃80公斤的海草。故选D。 16．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“But in the world, tiger shark populations are becoming smaller,”可知，在全球范围内，虎鲨的数量正在减少。故选C。 17．主旨大意题。通读最后一段可知，虎鲨能够通过减少海牛的数量来达到平衡，因此了解虎鲨是如何支持生态系统的需求变得更加迫切了，以此呼吁人们不应该猎杀太多鲨鱼，因此人们应该采取行动保护生态系统。故选D。    01、阅读理解 Animals have been helpers for human activities. A group of clams (河蚌) recently caught people’s attention after an article was posted by China Science Communication online. Although these clams are usually regarded as noting more than delicious food, they work to monitor (监测) the local water quality in Poland. The River Wisla, helps provide water to Warsaw, the capital of Poland. However, one special factor which influences the water quality has been heavy metals, and researchers looked for help from nature to solve this problem. Clams are easy to feel about the things which may cause pollution in their environment. They shut their shells (壳) immediately after monitoring “dangerous” water. Based on this, the researchers chose eight clams at a time and recorded the natural opening of their shells. After the clams get used to the local water, they are placed in a specially designed box which is put in the river. With sensors (感应器) stuck onto their shells, the clams are connected to a system that records how wide the shells are open. If four or more clams close their shells almost together, an alarm will go off and the water supply will be shut down. The result is dependable because the researchers had considered many different factors at the same time while testing before using the clams. 1．Where can we read the article? A．On the Internet. B．On the radio. C．In a book. 2．What work can clams do in Poland according to the passage? A．Improve the local water quality. B．Influence the local water quality. C．Monitor the local water quality. 3．If there are five clams shut their shells at the same time, what will happen? A．Nothing will happen. B．The alarm will go off. C．The water supply won’t be shut down. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Clams are only used to be cooked as delicious food. B．Heavy metals influence the water quality in the River Wisla. C．Researchers didn’t get help from nature to solve the problem. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了河蚌对于波兰水质监测起到的积极作用。 1．推理判断题。本文是一篇关于河蚌对于波兰水质监测起到的作用的研究报道，因此我们可能会在网上读到。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Although these clams are usually regarded as noting more than delicious food, they work to monitor (监测) the local water quality in Poland.”可知河蚌在波兰可以监测当地水质。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“If four or more clams close their shells almost together, an alarm will go off and the water supply will be shut down.”可知如果有四个或更多的河蚌同时合上了壳，警报器就会响。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“The River Wisla, helps provide water to Warsaw, the capital of Poland. However, one special factor which influences the water quality has been heavy metals”可知重金属影响了维斯瓦河的水质。故选B。 02、阅读理解 When you think of the sea, you may not think of Xinjiang or Inner Mongolia. But recently, the “seafood” produced in these places has become popular, especially after Japan put nuclear-contaminated water (核污染水) into the sea. In Nilka county (尼勒克县) in Xinjiang, about 6,000 tons of rainbow trout (虹鳟鱼) will be produced this year. Rainbow trout belongs to the same family as salmon (鲑鱼), which is a kind of well-known seafood. It tastes like salmon too. Why do farmers there choose to grow fish? The weather in some parts of Xinjiang is seldom hot, and the rivers are fed by meltwater (融水) from the Tianshan Mountains. Water deeper than 6 meters always stays at 10℃. As the meltwater is very clean and cold, it’s a “comfortable” home for fish, Li Chunyu, a worker at a fish company said. To make sure the river stays clean, the company uses machines to clean fish waste in the water. They also use net cages (网箱) that are good for the environment. The net s are about 51 meters wide and lie 25 meters deep in the river. At the same time, in Inner Mongolia, the whiteleg shrimp (南美白对虾) grows well. Saline soil (盐碱土) covers a large part of the desert where few plants are able to grow. Farmers used to put water from the Yellow River onto the farmland to wash away the salt. This was a waste of salty water. Scientists then decided to create “seawater” with the salty water by adding in some other components (成分). Whiteleg shrimps can live well in this kind of water. They taste no different from the same kind of shrimp that grows in the sea. 5．Rainbow trout comfortably live in ________. A．any open water area B．warm and clean rivers C．salty and warm oceans D．cold and clean rivers 6．People turn their eyes from Japan's seafood to Xinjiang's because ________. A．Xinjiang's seafood is much tastier B．the sea environment is polluted C．people find a new ocean in Xinjiang D．Xinjiang produces all kinds of seafood 7．To avoid water pollution caused by growing fish, the company ________. ①cleans the water with machines          ②grows fish in fixed water areas ③grows one kind of fish once a year     ④cuts down the fish production (产出） A．①② B．③④ C．①②③ D．②③④ 8．What can you infer (推断) from the passage? A．Life will not be different without seafood. B．Japan shouldn’t let out nuclear-contaminated water. C．China won’t be short of fishery products. D．Xinjiang is rich in natural resources. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 【导语】本文讲述了新疆和内蒙古的“海鲜”产品因日本排放核污染水后受到欢迎，并且介绍了虹鳟鱼和南美白对虾的生长环境和养殖方法。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段“As the meltwater is very clean and cold, it’s a ‘comfortable’ home for fish, Li Chunyu, a worker at a fish company said.”可知，虹鳟鱼生活在干净寒冷的水中。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据第一段“When you think of the sea, you may not think of Xinjiang or Inner Mongolia. But recently, the ‘seafood’ produced in these places has become popular, especially after Japan put nuclear-contaminated water into the sea.”可知是因为日本核污染水，导致海洋环境受到污染。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据“To make sure the river stays clean, the company uses machines to clean fish waste in the water.”和最后一段“Scientists then decided to create ‘seawater’ with the salty water by adding in some other components...They taste no different from the same kind of shrimp that grows in the sea.”可知为避免养殖鱼类对水体造成污染，该公司使用机器清理水中的鱼粪，在固定水域养鱼。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据第二段“In Nilka county in Xinjiang, about 6,000 tons of rainbow trout will be produced this year.”以及“At the same time, in Inner Mongolia, the whiteleg shrimp grows well”可知，在新疆尼尔卡县，今年将生产约6000吨虹鳟；在内蒙古，南美白对虾生长良好，可推知中国不会缺少鱼类产品。故选C。 03、阅读理解 Monarch butterflies (帝王蝶) are flying through Missouri (密苏里州) on their way to Mexico. Many American people love to see these bright-colored black-and-orange butterflies, but they need our help to stay safe and healthy. Every year, monarch butterflies travel south to Mexico in the fall and fly back next spring. As the monarchs go south, people in Missouri might start seeing more of these beautiful things. They’ve already been found in places like Kansas City, and even in smaller towns like St. Joseph. Sadly, the number of monarchs has dropped by 80% in the past twenty years. Monarch caterpillars (毛毛虫) need to eat milkweed (乳草) to grow. Much of the milkweed in the country is gone because of the overuse of herbicides (除草剂) in farming. Without these plants, monarchs have no place to live or find food. Monarchs plays an important role because, like bees, they can carry pollen (花粉), which help plants make seeds and fruit. Here are some things you can do to help these amazing butterflies: Plant Milkweed: This is the only plant where monarchs lay their eggs. By planting milkweed in your garden, you can give these butterflies a place to stop and rest during their trip. You can also plant other flowers to provide food for the adult butterflies. Take Photos: If you you see a monarch, take a photo and up load it to the Western Monarch Milkweed Mapper. You can help follow the movements of monarchs and understand where they are during the year, which is valuable information for researchers. Help Fight Global Warming: Changes in the weather are making life harder for monarchs. Bad weather hurts milkweed and when the temperature is too high or too low, it’s difficult for monarchs to grow up. By doing things to help the environment, like recycling and saving energy, you can help slow down global warming and protect the monarchs. 9．When is this passage probably written? A．In spring. B．In summer. C．In fall. D．In winter. 10．How did the number of monarch butterflies change in the past 20 years? A． B． C． D． 11．Why are monarch butterflies important? A．Because people enjoy seeing them in nature. B．Because bees need their support to carry pollen. C．Because they can help plants to grow. D．Because they can find food for other animals. 12．What can ordinary people do to help protect monarchs? A．They can keep monarchs in their own gardens. B．They can plant flowers as food for monarchs. C．They can take photos to follow the milkweed. D．They can stop using energy to help the environment. 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．C 12．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了黑脉帝王蝶的旅程以及帝王蝶的重要性，告诉人们要去保护黑脉帝王蝶。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Every year, monarch butterflies travel south to Mexico in the fall and fly back next spring.”可知，帝王蝶是在秋天向南旅行到墨西哥，所以这篇文章可能在秋天写的。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据“Sadly, the number of monarchs has dropped by 80% in the past twenty years.”可知，在过去20年内，帝王蝶的数量已经下降了80%，数量急剧减少，对应图形为A。。故选A。 11．细节理解题。根据“Monarchs plays an important role because, like bees, they can carry pollen (花粉), which help plants make seeds and fruit.”可知，这里是指帝王蝶可以帮助植物生长。故选C。 12．细节理解题。根据“You can also plant other flowers to provide food for the adult butterflies.”可知，可以种一些花卉来给帝王蝶提供食物。故选B。 04、阅读理解 A video of a black sun bear at the Hangzhou Zoo in China’s Zhejiang province has become popular. In the video, the bear stands on its back legs and the fur (毛) on its back is loose (松散的). Many people thought it was a person standing in a bear suit. The zoo workers said that the sun bear was real. “If a person did wear a bear suit, they would be falling down within minutes because of the hot weather in summer.” Later, the zoo made a statement (声明) in the name of “Angela”, the sun bear. “Some people think I stand like a person. It seems you don’t understand me very well,” the statement said. “Let me say again to everyone that I am a sun bear—not a black bear, not a dog—a sun bear!” Sun bears live in the forests of Southeast Asia. They are the smallest bears in the world. They are only about the size of a large dog. They can be 1.1—1.5 meters tall while standing on their back legs. They can weigh from 25 to 75 kilograms. Sun bears are the least studied out of all the 8 kinds of bears. Maybe this is because they are shy and live far away from people. They are listed as vulnerable (易危的) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Their numbers in the wild have fallen by 35% over the past thirty years, according to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). They need more protection. 13．What does the sun bear look like in the video? A．The bear stands on its fore legs and the fur on its head is loose. B．The bear stands on its back legs and the fur on its back is loose. C．The bear sits on its back legs and the fur on its back is in a mess. 14．Why was the sun bear a real one according to the zoo worker? A．A person in a bear suit wouldn’t stand up for a long time because the weather is hot. B．A person in a bear suit wouldn’t fall down for a long time because of the hot weather. C．A person in a bear suit would let people think that was a real bear because of the hot weather. 15．Where do sun bears live? A．In the forests of Northeast of Asia. B．In the forests of Southeast of Asia. C．In the forests of Southeast of Africa. 16．What can you learn from the passage? A．The sun bear in the video is not a real sun bear. B．Sun bears can weigh more than 150 kilograms. C．The number of sun bears has fallen by 35% over the past thirty years. 【答案】13．B 14．A 15．B 16．C 【导语】本文讨论了一只杭州动物园的马来熊在视频中表现得像人而引起关注，但动物园证实它是真正的马来熊。马来熊是生活在东南亚森林中、体型较小、为易危物种的熊类，数量在过去三十年内下降了35%，需要更多保护。 13．细节理解题。根据“In the video, the bear stands on its back legs and the fur (毛) on its back is loose (松散的). ”可知，熊用后腿站立，背上的皮毛松散。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据“If a person did wear a bear suit, they would be falling down within minutes because of the hot weather in summer.”可知，穿着熊装的人在夏天的热天气里几分钟内就会倒下。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据“Sun bears live in the forests of Southeast Asia”可知，马来熊生活在东南亚的森林中。故选B。 16．细节理解题。根据“Their numbers in the wild have fallen by 35% over the past thirty years”可知，过去三十年马来熊的数量下降了35%。故选C。 05、阅读理解 People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. A new study adds chickens to the list. It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers (研究者) put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment (失望). The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves. Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry (产业) in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier. 17．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken? A． B． C． D． 18．How did the volunteers help with the research? A．By listening to the chicken calls. B．By taking care of the chickens. C．By finding food for the chickens. D．By making the chickens happy. 19．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Control. B．Hide. C．Know. D．Hurt. 20．What is the best title for the passage? A．Chickens’ Food Calls B．Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens C．Farmers’ Best Choice D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers 【答案】17．D 18．A 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文介绍研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤。 17．推理判断题。根据“When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds”可知，当鸡看到门后的食物时，它们看起来很高兴，并发出快速而响亮的声音，选项D符合 “快速而响亮的声音” 这一描述，故选D。 18． 细节理解题。根据“The recordings were played to 194 volunteers.”可知，这些录音播放给194名志愿者听，所以志愿者们是通过听鸡叫来帮助这项研究，故选A。 19．词句猜测题。根据“Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings”可知一些科学家已经在研究一种可以识别鸡的感受的智能计算机程序，故此处划线部分意为“识别”，和know意义相近。故选C。 20． 最佳标题题。本文介绍研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤，选项B “快乐的鸡，悲伤的鸡” 符合主题，故选B。    01、阅读理解 Did you know that there might be Lego toys on a beach near you? This year, 13-year-old boy Liutauras found a Lego fish on a beach in Cornwall, UK. The piece was one of millions that fell into the sea in 1997. At that time, a stormhit the cargo ship (货船) Tokio Express. It pushed 62 shipping boxes into the water. One of them held about 5 million Lego pieces. It’s known as the Great Lego Spill (乐高大泄露) of 1997. About 27 years after that, people are still finding Lego pieces across the beaches of Europe today. Tracey Williams, a UK writer, was among many people who started finding Lego pieces after the spill. She started to write about the Legofinds in 2010. “Searching for lost Lego from a cargo spill started as a bit of fun, a treasure hunt with my children. It opened my eyes to all the rest of the plastic (塑料) in the ocean,”Williams told the media. In Williams’s book, Adrift: The Curious Tale of the Lego Lost at Sea, she looks at what humans do to the sea’s environment. “Some oceanographers (海洋学家) believe it could have all the way around the world,” Williams wrote in the book. In fact, people will not find most of these pieces because they are lying on the seabed. This shows how long plastic stays in our oceans and environment. It never fully breaks down (分解), and when sea animals eat it, they can get seriously hurt. According to The New York Times, a spokesperson for the Lego Group said the company didn’t “ever want Lego . . . to end up in the sea” and is “serious about its role in helping to look after the planet”. This year, the toy maker said that it is stopping the use of oil in Lego and using renewable (可再生的) materials. 1．How many Lego pieces fell into the sea in 1997? A．62 shipping boxes. B．One million. C．Around 5 million. D．514. 2．Why can people still find Lego pieces on the beach after the Great Lego Spill of 1997? A．Because there are too many Lego pieces on the beach. B．Because plastic can hardly break down even after a long time. C．Because many people are really interested in Lego pieces. D．Because there are more Lego pieces on the beaches than on the seabed. 3．On which website can we probably read the above article? A．www.lego.com B．www.humanandnature.com C．www.worldwildlife.com D．www.forgottenbooks.com 4．What’s this passage mainly about? A．Great Lego Spill warns us how plastic is bad for environment. B．Searching for lost Lego from a cargo spill is becoming popular. C．It’s great fun for people to find Lego toys on a beach. D．Lego company will use renewable materials instead of oil. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文讨论了乐高积木大泄露这一事件对海洋环境的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“At that time, a stormhit the cargo ship (货船) Tokio Express. It pushed 62 shipping boxes into the water. One of them held about 5 million Lego pieces.”可知，有大约500万块乐高积木掉入海中。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“This shows how long plastic stays in our oceans and environment. It never fully breaks down (分解),”可知，塑料很难分解，所以人们还能在海滩上找到乐高积木。故选B。 3．推理判断题。本文讨论了乐高积木大泄露这一事件对海洋环境的影响，因此适合刊登在关于人与自然的网站上。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要通过乐高积木的泄露事件，警示塑料对环境的危害。故选A。 02、阅读理解 Oil spills (泄漏) are harmful to ocean life. Lately, after an oil spill in the Australian waters, scientists said that the oil was making the life of the little blue penguins in the south of Australia. A penguin has shiny feathers (羽毛) that are covered in natural oils. The feathers help them keep out water and keep them warm in the icy waters. Oil from a spill destroys these natural oils and the penguin can’t protect itself from the cold. And, as it cleans its feathers using its beak (喙), it is possible to take in the harmful oil and die. After an oil spill, people have to pull out the penguins from the oil and clean them. Then, one of the most important jobs is to make them healthy and strong again before letting them go back into the wild. But the workers at the Phillip Island National Park found another way. The workers actually dressed up the penguins in tiny sweaters. These sweaters are very helpful in keeping the penguins warm and preventing them from taking in the harmful oil. Because they can’t get enough suitable sweaters, the designs of these special penguin sweaters were put on the Internet. Lots of people from different parts of the world sent sweaters which were made by themselves for these tiny birds. Of course, if you visit Phillip Island, you are not going to see penguins walking around in sweaters. This clothing is used only when a penguin has just been saved from an oil spill. Once the penguins are cleaned and dressed in the sweaters, they are put in salt-water pools to help them become healthy. As they swim around and become stronger, the salt water gradually takes down the sweaters. By the time, the penguins are ready to return to the ocean, their natural oils are back and they go home dressed only in their feathers. 5．What does the underlined word “destroys” in paragraph two probably mean? A．cools B．pollutes C．produces D．cuts 6．What can we learn about the sweaters from the passage? A．They stop the penguins from taking in the harmful oil. B．All penguins are dressed in them at the Phillip Island. C．They are made by the workers in the national park. D．The penguins will go back to the ocean in them. 7．What is the correct process of helping the penguins? ①Send them back until they’re strong enough. ②Dress them in the sweaters. ③Clean them. ④Pull them out from the oil. ⑤Put them in salt-water pools. A．④③②⑤① B．④②⑤③① C．③②⑤④① D．③⑤④②① 8．Which column (栏目) of a newspaper might the passage come from? A．Sports. B．Health. C．Culture. D．Environment. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．A 8．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了石油泄漏对澳大利亚南部的蓝企鹅产生了影响，工作人员正在采取措施帮助这些企鹅。 5．词义猜测题。根据“Oil from a spill destroys these natural oils and the penguin can’t protect itself from the cold”可知，泄漏的石油会破坏这些天然石油，企鹅无法保护自己免受寒冷，故此处划线部分和pollute意义相近。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据“These sweaters are very helpful in keeping the penguins warm and preventing them from taking in the harmful oil”可知，这些毛衣对企鹅保暖和防止它们摄入有害的油脂非常有帮助。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据“After an oil spill, people have to pull out the penguins from the oil and clean them.”可知，石油泄漏后，人们不得不把企鹅从石油中拉出并清洗它们，故前两位是④③，排除BCD。故选A。 8．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了石油泄漏对澳大利亚南部的蓝企鹅产生了影响，工作人员正在采取措施帮助这些企鹅，故文章可能出现在报纸的环境栏目。故选D。 03、阅读理解 Have you ever seen pandas that aren’t black-and-white? Scientists have found that there are brown-and-white pandas living in a mountain in China. Scientists studied the genes (基因) of different pandas in the wild and they have found that pandas with brown-and-white coats are the result of changes in the natural environment. To understand what lies behind the special color, the scientists studied Qizai, a brown panda in Hanzhong. He is now the only brown panda in captivity (圈养). When compared with hair from three black-and-white pandas, Qizai’s brownish coat had fewer and smaller melanosomes (黑素体). What’s more, the melanosomes were more likely to be differently shaped, the study team found. The scientists then collected genetic information about Qizai and pieced together his family tree. The scientists studied the genetic information from Qizai’s family members and compared it with the genetic information from 12 black-and-white pandas from the Qinling Mountains and 17 black-and-white pandas from other places in China. While none of Qizai’s family members had brown coats, the scientists were able to show that his parents and son all had one copy of the recessive trait (隐性特质) on a certain gene, while Qizai had two copies. The scientists then studied another 192 black-and-white pandas. The gene change causing the brown coats was only found in two pandas from the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, not Sichuan province, where most China’s pandas live. It’s not clear what caused the genetic change. Scientists said it must be because of the environment of the Qinling Mountains, which is different from that of Sichuan. “For those who care about pandas, this is a great development,” said Wang, who worked in the mountains for 10 years. Wang said he was glad to see the scientists’ efforts in trying to work out this scientific question. 9．What is the fact of Qizai? A．He lives in Sichuan province. B．He is a black-and-white panda. C．He has a family of twelve members. D．He has two copies of the recessive trait. 10．What can be found in Paragraph 5? A．The results of the study. B．The methods of the study. C．The difficulties of the study. D．The advantages of the study. 11．What does the study focus on? A．Pandas’ family trees. B．Pandas’ genetic information. C．Pandas’ common coats. D．Pandas’ living environment. 12．What is Wang’s attitude (态度) towards the study? A．Hopeful. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Uncertain. 13．Why is the text written? A．To give advice. B．To present a problem. C．To offer knowledge. D．To share an experience. 【答案】9．D 10．A 11．B 12．B 13．C 【导语】本文介绍了中国发现棕色大熊猫，基因分析揭示环境影响导致棕色皮毛，由隐性基因引起，仅在秦岭山脉发现棕色大熊猫基因变化。 9．细节理解题。根据“the scientists were able to show that his parents and son all had one copy of the recessive trait (隐性特质) on a certain gene, while Qizai had two copies.”可知，Qizai在某个基因上有两个隐性特质的拷贝，故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据“While none of Qizai’s family members had brown coats, the scientists were able to show that his parents and son all had one copy of the recessive trait (隐性特质) on a certain gene, while Qizai had two copies.”可知，可以找到实验结果，故选A。 11．细节理解题。根据“Scientists studied the genes (基因) of different pandas in the wild”及全文可知，科学家们主要关注大熊猫的基因，故选B。 12．观点态度题。根据“For those who care about pandas, this is a great development”及“Wang said he was glad to see the scientists’ efforts in trying to work out this scientific question.”可知，他的态度是支持的，故选B。 13．推理判断题。根据“Have you ever seen pandas that aren’t black-and-white? Scientists have found that there are brown-and-white pandas living in a mountain in China.”及全文可知，本文介绍了中国发现棕色大熊猫，基因分析揭示环境影响导致棕色皮毛，由隐性基因引起，仅在秦岭山脉发现棕色大熊猫基因变化。所以C选项“提供知识”符合，故选C。 04、阅读理解 In the past, African penguins laid their eggs in holes dug in their own guano (粪便). But in the 1800s, most of the guano was shipped by traders to the UK, where it was used to make plants grow better. Since then, many penguins have nested in the open, leaving them easy to get heatstroke (中暑). Their eggs are also at risk of being stolen. Shaun Welman, an animal expert, has seen penguins sitting with their eyes closed, heads down and mouths open in the burning midday heat, trying to protect their eggs. Because penguins evolved (演变) to keep heat in cold water, they can easily overheat on land. Usually, penguins leave their nests regularly to cool off in the sea. But without proper holes, this leaves their eggs unprotected. “Now the African penguin is on the endangered species (物种) list, mainly because of humans,” Welman says. Since 1900, the African penguin population has dropped from three million to only 48,000. Luckily, a team of researchers seems to have found a way. Over the past years, the team has put more than 1,500 handmade ceramic (陶瓷的) nest boxes in five areas where the penguins live, including Bird Island in Algoa Bay, South Africa, which is home to nearly half of the world’s remaining African penguins. Looking like small round houses, the double-walled ceramic nests can keep African penguins cool. The ceramic nests remain around 1°C lower than a penguin’s resting body temperature, which is about 37°C． “The nests are so useful,” Welman says. “Even if adults had to leave nests for some reasons, their eggs would never be at any risk of overheating. In an experiment, the team recorded ground temperatures of nearly 51°C outside a ceramic nest box, while only 23℃ inside. Welman adds that African penguins, which nest in the open, will be increasingly influenced by their environment as the climate changes. 14．Which is TRUE about African penguins? A．Their eggs are not influenced by the heat. B．They sometimes go into the sea to cool off. C．They have always built their nests in the open. D．They were shipped to England in the19th century. 15．Why did the researchers choose Bird Island for their study? A．Because it’s in South Africa. B．Because researchers know a lot about it. C．Because it’s easier to put new ceramic nests there. D．Because there are lots of African penguins living there. 16．What’s the biggest advantage of this ceramic nest? A．It is made up of two hard walls. B．It has enough room for adult penguins. C．It allows the penguins to stay cool inside. D．It provides a new place for the penguins to lay their eggs. 17．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．More people are joining in to protect the penguins. B．The penguin population is sure to increase in the future. C．The ceramic nest is the only way to save African penguins. D．Conditions for African penguins may be about to get worse. 【答案】14．B 15．D 16．C 17．D 【导语】本文讲了非洲企鹅因鸟粪被盗取无巢可孵，陶瓷巢箱能降温保护企鹅蛋，帮助濒危企鹅种群恢复。 14．细节理解题。根据“Usually, penguins leave their nests regularly to cool off in the sea.”可知，企鹅定期离开巢穴，到海里纳凉。故选B。 15．细节理解题。根据“including Bird Island in Algoa Bay, South Africa, which is home to nearly half of the world’s remaining African penguins.”可知，因为这里是世界上近一半的非洲企鹅的家园。故选D。 16．推理判断题。根据“The ceramic nests remain around 1°C lower than a penguin’s resting body temperature...while only 23℃ inside.”可知，陶瓷巢的温度保持比企鹅的静息体温低约1°C，所以C选项“它能让企鹅在里面保持凉爽。”正确，故选C。 17．推理判断题。根据“Welman adds that African penguins, which nest in the open, will be increasingly influenced by their environment as the climate changes.”可知，随着气候变化，非洲企鹅的生存条件会更加恶劣，故选D。 05、阅读理解 Xizangan antelopes were one of China’s top ten most endangered animals. Every year from May to August on the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau (青藏高原), Xizangan antelopes travel hundreds of kilometers to have their babies. Their trip is hard. They have to cross railways and roads. Some antelopes die because of the bad weather. Some die because of the accidents. The food and water shortages are also problems for them. To make their trip easier, people have made more than 30 “wildlife corridors (通道)”. A wildlife corridor can be natural or man-made. If highways or cities get in the animals’ way, they can still move freely and safely through the corridor. Xizangan antelopes are careful about dangers around them. So China makes special corridors under highways or railway bridges. The corridors are big. Antelopes can easily look around when they pass through. According to some research, the population of Xizangan antelopes in China has been recovering little by little and is presently more than 300,000. In Europe, there are small and dark tunnels (隧道) for small animals, like mice and turtles (海龟). In the US, people make ropes or bridges between trees for squirrels (松鼠). People are trying hard to make corridors for animals’ lives. It is not hard to get along with wild animals. Just give them a little more space. They can have a bigger chance to live better. 18．What makes Xizangan antelopes’ trip hard according to the text? a. The human hunting. b. The accidents. c. The bad weather. d. The water shortage. e. The natural enemy attack. A．b, d, e B．a, b, d C．a, c, e D．b, c, d 19．How do people help the Xizangan antelopes? A．They make small and dark tunnels for them. B．They make boats for them to cross the rivers. C．They make ropes or bridges between trees for them. D．They make special corridors under highways or railway bridges. 20．Which paragraph tells what people do for small animals? A．② B．③ C．④ D．⑤ 21．What is the structure of the passage? (P= Paragraph)? A． B． C． D． 22．What’s the best title for the text? A．How to protect wild animals B．Xizangan antelopes are in danger C．Corridors for animals’ lives D．Hard trips for the wild animals 【答案】18．D 19．D 20．C 21．B 22．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述藏羚羊在长途跋涉数百公里产子的过程中会有很多困难，政府采取措施建设“人工走廊”，为它们的旅行提供安全保护，如今藏羚羊的数量有所恢复，国外也为一些小动物制造安全通道。 18．细节理解题。根据“Some antelopes die because of the bad weather. Some die because of the accidents. The food and water shortages are also problems for them.”可知，藏羚羊在长途跋涉中可能会因为恶劣的天气、事故或食物和水资源短缺而死亡，故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据“To make their trip easier, people have made more than 30 “wildlife corridors(通道)”. A wildlife corridor can be natural or man-made...So China makes special corridors under highways or railway bridges.”可知，为了帮助藏羚羊顺利通过，他们在公路或铁路桥下修建特殊走廊，故选D。 20．细节理解题。根据“In Europe, there are small and dark tunnels (隧道) for small animals, like mice and turtles (海龟).”可知，文章第四段介绍了人们为小动物们也做了一些事情，故选C。 21．篇章结构题。根据整篇文章的理解可知，第一、二、三段介绍了藏羚羊目前面临的情况；第四段介绍人们正在努力为动物的生命建造走廊；第五段总结说明要给动物们一些空间。符合文章结构的是B选项，故选B。 22．最佳标题题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍政府为动物们修建特殊走廊，以保护它们的生命安全，故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$