精品解析：2024届山东省青岛第五十八中学高三下学期一模英语试题

绝密★启用前 2024年山东省青岛市五十八中一模英语 英语 本试卷共10页,满分120分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上,并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后,将答题卡交回。 第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分） 第一节（共15小题;每小题2. 5分,满分37. 5分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Must-read New Fiction Books We all have a few tried-and-true fiction favorites, but there’s something special about a brand-new, hot-off-the-press novel. Whether it’s your favorite author’s new release or a new writer’s first work, great fiction books make the perfect escape from ordinary life. That’s why we’ve rounded up a list of the best new books released in February. Age of Gold by Jerry Lapoor Jerry Lapoor’s latest action-packed novel unfolds like a crazy movie. This thriller begins when a wealthy man’s car gets out of control. But when the dust settles, the rich man is nowhere to be found. How and to where does he disappear? With an exciting plot that will carry you from old-money houses to small agricultural villages, Age of Cold will take you on an unforgettable ride across a vast land. City Under One Sky by Rachel Young In the book, Young presents a crime story set in a small town. Detective Sara Kennedy has been sent to investigate a case. But soon after arrival, Sara gets snowed in with the 205 townsfolk living in the same apartment building. Who is hiding the key to the crime? And is there anyone she can truly trust? The appealing story, strange but distinctive characters and unexpected plot are just a few of the reasons why City Under One Sky gains its popularity. Lady by Jess George Lady is an irresistible fiction from Jess George. The story of Mary’s fresh start at adulthood is shot through with themes of family, race and discrimination, womanhood and the immigrant reality of feeling torn between cultures. Though struggling with life in London as an African, Mary jumps at every chance to stand on her own feet. 1. What will impress the readers in Age of Gold? A. The thrilling plot. B. Traditional cultures. C. The family conflict. D. Crazy characters. 2. What happens to Sara Kennedy in City Under One Sky? A. She is trapped in the snow. B. She is to investigate a case abroad. C. She hides the key evidence. D. She has trouble discovering the truth. 3. Which is likely to be the main theme of Lady? A. Self-reliance. B. Gender equality. C. Domestic violence. D. Cross-cultural communication. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2月份发布的最佳小说新书列表。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“With an exciting plot that will carry you from old-money houses to small agricultural villages, Age of Cold will take you on an unforgettable ride across a vast land.(令人兴奋的情节将带你从古老的金钱房屋到小农业村庄，Age of Cold将带你在广阔的土地上度过一段难忘的旅程)”可知，Age of Gold激动人心的情节令读者印象深刻。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“In the book, Young presents a crime story set in a small town. Detective Sara Kennedy has been sent to investigate a case. But soon after arrival, Sara gets snowed in with the 205 townsfolk living in the same apartment building. Who is hiding the key to the crime? And is there anyone she can truly trust?( 在这本书中，杨讲述了一个发生在小镇上的犯罪故事。萨拉·肯尼迪警探被派去调查一个案子。但在到达后不久，萨拉就和住在同一栋公寓楼里的205个小镇居民住在一起。是谁隐藏了犯罪的关键?还有她真正信任的人吗？)”可知，在这个故事中，萨拉·肯尼迪很难找到真相。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The story of Mary’s fresh start at adulthood is shot through with themes of family, race and discrimination, womanhood and the immigrant reality of feeling torn between cultures. Though struggling with life in London as an African, Mary jumps at every chance to stand on her own feet.( 玛丽成年后重新开始的故事贯穿了家庭、种族和歧视、女性以及在不同文化之间感到撕裂的移民现实等主题。作为一个非洲人，玛丽虽然在伦敦的生活中挣扎，但她抓住每一个自立的机会)”可知，Lady的主题是自立。故选A。 B By the late 1960s, abstract painter Harold Cohen had represented Britain at important festivals with his oil paintings and was seeking a new challenge. “Maybe there are more interesting things going on outside my studio than inside it,” he thought. Cohen turned from the canvas (画布) to the screen, using computers to find new ways of creating art. In the late 1960s, he created a program that he named Aaron. It was the first artificial intelligence software in the world of fine art, and Cohen first presented Aaron in 1974 at the University of California, Berkeley. Aaron’s work has since graced museums from the Tate Gallery in London to the Sand Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Now, with AI dominating the headlines, a new exhibition at New York’s Whitney Museum of American Art,“Harold Cohen: Aaron,” running through June 2024, draws attention to Cohen’s pioneering work. The Whitney is offering something deeper than most previous Aaron exhibits: a real-time experience, in which visitors can watch the software produce art. Cohen seeded Aaron with all sorts of knowledge: about basic objects, physics, and fundamental techniques of drawing. Aaron uses this knowledge to follow instructions, complete tasks, and make decisions like human beings - a very different approach from today’s generative AI art programs, which don’t draw from scratch (从头开始) but rather rely on databases of images. Versions of Aaron still generate output, but anything done after Cohen’s death in 2016 is not considered genuine. The Whitney is showcasing two versions of Cohen’s software, along with the art that each produced before Cohen died. The 2001 version, Aaron KCAT, generates images of figures and plants and projects them onto a wall more than ten feet high, while the 2007 version produces jungle-like scenes. The software will also create art physically, on paper, for the first time since the 1990s. “It is absolutely thrilling,” said Christiane Paul, the museum’s director of digital art, “to have one of those remarkable treasures of digital art in the collection.” 4. What was Aaron born out of? A. Harold’s curiosity. B. The museum’s donation. C. Cohen’s imagination. D. The university’s support. 5. What makes Aaron different from modern AI art programs? A. Its ability to assign tasks. B. Its use of modern techniques. C. Its capability to make choices. D. Its dependence on existing database. 6. What can visitors do in the “Harold Cohen: Aaron” exhibition? A. See the original 1960s version of Aaron. B. Generate images with the help of Aaron. C. Learn about the physical rules in art. D. Observe Aaron creating art on the spot. 7. What is the text mainly about? A. The masterpieces of digital art. B. A new show of the art world’s first AI. C. The latest technologies in the Whitney. D. Harold Cohen’s impact on generative AI. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了抽象画家哈罗德·科恩利用计算机程序Aaron创作艺术的先驱性工作，及其在纽约惠特尼美术馆的展览回顾。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中““Maybe there are more interesting things going on outside my studio than inside it,” he thought. Cohen turned from the canvas (画布) to the screen, using computers to find new ways of creating art. In the late 1960s, he created a program that he named Aaron. (“或许，我的画室之外正发生着比之内更为有趣的事情。”他这样想着。科恩于是将注意力从画布转向了屏幕，开始利用电脑寻找创造艺术的新途径。在20世纪60年代末，他创建了一个程序，并将其命名为Aaron)”可知，Aaron的诞生源于哈罗德的好奇心。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Aaron uses this knowledge to follow instructions, complete tasks, and make decisions like human beings - a very different approach from today’s generative AI art programs, which don’t draw from scratch (从头开始) but rather rely on databases of images.(Aaron利用这些知识像人类一样遵循指令、完成任务和做出决定，这与今天的生成性人工智能艺术程序截然不同，后者不是从头开始绘制，而是依赖于图像数据库)”可知，Aaron的不同之处在于它不依赖现有的数据库，而是能够自己做出决策和创作。故选C。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Whitney is offering something deeper than most previous Aaron exhibits: a real-time experience, in which visitors can watch the software produce art. (惠特尼博物馆提供的东西比Aaron之前的大多数展览都更有深度：一种实时体验，参观者可以观看软件制作艺术品)”可知，参观者在“Harold Cohen: Aaron”展览上能做的是观察Aaron现场创作艺术。故选D。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容及第一段中“In the late 1960s, he created a program that he named Aaron. It was the first artificial intelligence software in the world of fine art, and Cohen first presented Aaron in 1974 at the University of California, Berkeley.(在20世纪60年代末，他创建了一个名为Aaron的程序。这是美术界第一个人工智能软件，科恩于1974年在加州大学伯克利分校首次展示了Aaron)”可知，本文主要介绍了艺术家Harold Cohen创造的世界上第一个用于精细艺术领域的人工智能软件Aaron，以及纽约惠特尼美国艺术博物馆举办的展示Aaron及其作品的新展览。因此，文章主要讲述的是艺术界首个人工智能的新展览。故选B。 C Peru is prepared to approve new laws that would make it easier to investigate and punish researchers who engage in academic cheating, including paying to have their names added to a paper. The move comes as Peru’s national science agency seeks to crack down on authorship buying and other dishonest practices. It recently removed two scientists accused of dishonest publications from a national registry that is key to receiving government sponsor, job promotions, and salary bonuses. And officials are investigating more than 170 other researchers at a Peruvian media report claimed were involved in academic misconduct, including 72 listed n the national registry who work at 14 universities in Peru. The new laws will empower universities and government officials to punish such behavior. Dishonest publishing practices “transcend mere moral misbehavior” because they enable researchers to obtain government and private funding without telling the truth, says Edward Málaga Trillo, a member of Congress who is the driving force behind the bills, which lawmakers are expected to finalize early this year. “These individuals are operating academic cheating.” Peru’s academic community has been struggling with a rising tide of false authorship and related problems. One cause, some researchers say, is a 2014 law that aimed to stimulate research by rewarding researchers who boost their publishing output. For example, under a scoring system used by universities, researchers can earn five points for authorship in a high-impact journal, and two points when the journal is lower impact. A massing points can bring bonus payments and career promotion. Signs of dishonest publishing can be obvious, notes Nahuel Monteblanco, president of Cientificos. pe, a Peruvian group that investigates misconduct. Many of the papers cited by Punto Final have numerous co-authors from different nations with few prior publications on the same subject. “If your colleague consistently publishes 20 articles a year with co-authors from other countries, that’s highly suspect,” Monteblanco says. 8 What action did Peru take recently to address academic cheating? A. Fining 72 offenders for academic dishonesty. B. Disqualifying 2 scientists from a national registry. C. Punishing 170 researchers for academic misconduct. D. Withdrawing government fund from 14 universities. 9. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “transcend” in paragraph 3? A. Change. B. Strengthen. C. Go beyond. D. Approve of. 10. What do we know about the 2014 law in Peru? A. It advocated a fair scoring system. B. It applied to high-impact journals. C. It led to an increase in false authorship. D. It aimed to punish dishonest publishing. 11. The most suspicion might be given to a productive researcher with _________. A. career promotion B. consistent research focus C. few citations by Punto Final D. co-authors from various countries 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. C 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍秘鲁准备通过新的法律，以便更容易地调查和惩罚从事学术作弊的研究人员并解释作弊的原因和现象等。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“It recently removed two scientists accused of dishonest publications from a national registry that is key to receiving government sponsor, job promotions, and salary bonuses. (它最近将两名被指控发表不诚实文章的科学家从国家登记处除名，而国家登记处是获得政府资助、工作晋升和工资奖金的关键。)”可知秘鲁最近采取了从国家注册中心取消2名科学家资格来解决学术作弊问题。故选B。 【9题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“because they enable researchers to obtain government and private funding without telling the truth, says Edward Málaga Trillo, a member of Congress who is the driving force behind the bills, which lawmakers are expected to finalize early this year. “These individuals are operating academic cheating.” (因为它们使研究人员能够在不讲真话的情况下获得政府和私人资助，他是这些法案背后的推动力量，立法者预计将在今年年初完成这些法案。“这些人在搞学术作弊。” )”由此可推断上文意思是国会议员Edward Málaga Trillo说，不诚实的出版行为“超越了单纯的道德不端行为”，所以transcend意为“超越”，和“Go beyond”同义，故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One cause, some researchers say, is a 2014 law that aimed to stimulate research by rewarding researchers who boost their publishing output. For example, under a scoring system used by universities, researchers can earn five points for authorship in a high-impact journal, and two points when the journal is lower impact. A massing points can bring bonus payments and career promotion. (一些研究人员表示，其中一个原因是2014年一项法律，该法律旨在通过奖励提高论文发表量的研究人员来刺激研究。例如，在大学使用的评分系统下，研究人员在高影响力期刊上的作者可以获得5分，在期刊影响力较低的期刊上可以获得2分。大量的积分可以带来奖金和职业晋升。)”可知研究人员会想办法提高论文的发表量，这样就会导致虚假作者的增加，故选C。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Many of the papers cited by Punto Final have numerous co-authors from different nations with few prior publications on the same subject. “If your colleague consistently publishes 20 articles a year with co-authors from other countries, that’s highly suspect,” Monteblanco says. (Punto Final引用的许多论文都有来自不同国家的许多共同作者，在同一主题上很少有先前的出版物。蒙特布兰科说：“如果你的同事每年与其他国家的合著者持续发表20篇文章，那就非常值得怀疑了。”)” 可知最值得怀疑的可能是拥有来自不同国家的合著者，故选D。 D Evolution (进化) can perform extraordinary makeovers; today’s airborne songbirds evolved from the wingless, earthbound dinosaurs that wandered millions of years ago. But some organisms seem to be unchanged — in other words, escape natural selection. The coelacanth, a modern-day fish, is nearly identical to its 410-million-year-old fossils. Scientists have long wondered how these species do so. It has been assumed that natural selection keeps some species unchanged by selecting for moderate or average qualities (stabilizing selection) rather than selecting for more extreme qualities that would cause a species to change (directional selection). But a study published in the National Academy of Sciences USA contradicts this idea, showing that evolution constantly favors different qualities in seemingly unchanging animals to improve short-term survival. In the long term, though, “all that evolution cancels out and leads to no change,” says the study’s lead author, James Stroud. Stroud and his colleagues studied for lizard (蜥蜴) specios; all relatively unchanged for 20 million years. The researchers caught members of these populations every six months for three years. They measured each lizard’s head size, leg length, mass and height, as well as the size of its sticky toes (脚趾头), noting which individuals survived. Stroud expected to observe stabılızıng selection at work preserving moderate qualities. Instead he saw clearer evidence of directional selection: some lizards with unique characteristics, such as stickier toes, survived better. “The study offers a good explanation for why we see what we think is stabiliring selection,” says Tadashi Fukami, an ecologist studying evolution at Stanford University. Many new qualities are evolving in the short term, but they don’t provide a crucial advantage over the long term. In other words, species staying unchanged may simply have found the best possible combination of qualities for lasting success in their environment. So what happens when the lizards’ environment changes more dramatically? To help answer this bigger question, Stroud is still making trips to visit the lizards. 12. Why does the author mention the “coelacanth fish” in paragraph 1? A. To demonstrate the power of evolution. B. To add evidence to natural selection. C. To give an example of unchanged species. D. To prove species' extraordinary makeovers. 13. What's the focus of paragraph 2? A. Unsolved mysteries. B. A common belief. C. A sharp contrast. D. Unique Characteristics. 14. How did Stroud conduct his research? A. By analyzing lizard fossils. B. By tracking research objects. C. By illustrating stabilizing selection. D. By categorizing qualities of lizards. 15. What will Stroud probably do in the future? A. Make trips to visit lizard experts. B. Summarize average features of lizards. C. Reveal the best combinations of qualities. D. Examine lizards under extreme conditions. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过介绍科学家对看似没有发生变化的生物物种进行研究，揭示了这些物种在进化过程中的选择机制。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Evolution (进化) can perform extraordinary makeovers; today’s airborne songbirds evolved from the wingless, earthbound dinosaurs that wandered millions of years ago. But some organisms seem to be unchanged —in other words, escape natural selection. The coelacanth, a modern-day fish, is nearly identical to its410-million-year-old fossils.(进化能够产生非凡的变化；今天在空中飞翔的鸣鸟是从数百万年前无翅、陆生的恐龙演化而来的。但有些生物似乎没有改变——换句话说，它们逃脱了自然选择。现代鱼类腔棘鱼与其4.1亿年前的化石几乎一模一样)”可知，本段提到腔棘鱼是为了举一个物种不变的例子。故选C项。 【13题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Scientists have long wondered how these species do so. It has been assumed that natural selection keeps some species unchanged by selecting for moderate or average qualities (stabilizing selection) rather than selecting for more extreme qualities that would cause a species to change (directional selection).(科学家们长期以来一直想知道这些物种是如何做到这一点的。人们一直认为，自然选择通过选择适中或平均的品质（稳定选择）来保持某些物种的不变性，而不是选择会导致物种发生变化的更极端的品质（定向选择）。)”可知，本段主要讲述了人们一直认为自然选择是稳定选择而不是定向选择，也就是一个共同的信念。故选B项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Stroud and his colleagues studied for lizard (蜥蜴) specios; all relatively unchanged for 20 million years. The researchers caught members of these populations every six months for three years. They measured each lizard’s head size, leg length, mass and height, as well as the size of its sticky toes (脚趾头), noting which individuals survived. Stroud expected to observe stabılızıng selection at work preserving moderate qualities. Instead he saw clearer evidence of directional selection: some lizards with unique characteristics, such as stickier toes, survived better.(斯特劳德和他的同事研究了蜥蜴物种；所有这些在2000万年间都相对没有变化。研究人员连续三年每六个月捕捉这些种群中的成员。他们测量了每只蜥蜴的头部大小、腿长、体重和身高，以及粘性脚趾的大小，并记录了哪些个体存活了下来。斯特劳德原本希望观察到稳定选择在保持中等品质方面的作用。然而，他看到的却是更明确的定向选择证据：一些具有独特特征的蜥蜴，比如更粘的脚趾，存活率更高)”可知，斯特劳德是通过跟踪研究对象来进行他的研究的。故选B项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In other words, species staying unchanged may simply have found the best possible combination of qualities for lasting success in their environment. So what happens when the lizards’ environment changes more dramatically? To help answer this bigger question, Stroud is still making trips to visit the lizards.(换句话说，保持不变的物种可能只是找到了在其环境中持久成功的最佳品质组合。那么，当蜥蜴的环境发生更剧烈的变化时会发生什么呢？为了帮助回答这个更大的问题，斯特劳德仍在继续探访这些蜥蜴)”可知，接下来斯特劳德会在极端条件下检查蜥蜴。故选D项。 第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Facing hard things is, well, hard. Sometimes we are forced to simply shift, such as with a loss or failure; however, much of the time, we may recognize the difficulties underneath that need attention but feel too overwhelmed to address them. ___16___ The difficulties might be an outdated habit, a troubling memory or a long- ignored conflict. Some individuals fool themselves into thinking there really is not a problem. It’s like someone trying to hold active mice under a blanket by holding down the edges of the moving blanket. Pulling back the blanket to let the mice out is needed, despite being terrifying. Once the mice are released, there may be further challenges to get them out of the house. ___17___ People often encounter similar problems. Avoiding or leaving the situation appears to fix the problem but fails to tackle the underlying cause. Rather than repeatedly cutting weeds, getting down on the ground and pulling the roots is more effective. Facing issues is like uncovering roots for new beginnings to blossom. ___18___ ___19___ It feels like a balled-up mess of wires. Pulling hard at only one wire actually tightens the knot. We have to take a calmer look and pull apart each wire one at a time. We can’t expect the wires to loosen or unwind themselves. ___20___ Nevertheless, once they have been freed, they can sometimes be separated, put aside, and used as needed. A. They are just there and part of the chaos. B. And humans are masters of avoidance and denial. C. The overall benefits from tough work enable growth D. Making changes in one’s life is hard and complicated. E. Sadly, it often worsens when we approach it with anger. F. However, problems cannot be faced if they are not first recognized. G. Quick fixes might provide relief in the short term but often not in the long term. 【答案】16. B 17. F 18. G 19. D 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在面对困难时我们应该怎么做。 【16题详解】 根据空前“Facing hard things is, well, hard. Sometimes we are forced to simply shift, such as with a loss or failure; however, much of the time, we may recognize the difficulties underneath that need attention but feel too overwhelmed to address them.(面对困难的事情很难。有时，我们被迫简单地改变，比如面对失败时；然而，在大多数情况下，我们可能会认识到需要关注的困难，但感到不堪重负，无法解决这些问题)”可知，前文提到我们在面对困难时，感到不堪重负，无法解决，故B项“人类就擅长回避和否认。”能够承接前文，我们对于困难，感到不堪重负，无法解决，我们就擅长回避和否认，故选B项。 【17题详解】 根据空前“Some individuals fool themselves into thinking there really is not a problem. It’s like someone trying to hold active mice under a blanket by holding down the edges of the moving blanket. Pulling back the blanket to let the mice out is needed, despite being terrifying. Once the mice are released, there may be further challenges to get them out of the house.(一些人自欺欺人地认为真的没问题。这就像有人试图通过按住移动的毯子边缘，将活跃的老鼠夹在毯子下。尽管很可怕，但需要拉开毯子让老鼠出来。一旦老鼠被释放，将它们带出房子可能会面临进一步的挑战)”可知，空前提到一些人选择自欺欺人，认为没有问题，并用老鼠举例，故F项“然而，如果不先认识到问题，就无法面对问题。”能够承接前文，一些人总是选择自欺欺人，认为没有问题，但如果不先认识到问题，就无法面对问题，故选F项。 【18题详解】 根据空前“Avoiding or leaving the situation appears to fix the problem but fails to tackle the underlying cause. Rather than repeatedly cutting weeds, getting down on the ground and pulling the roots is more effective. Facing issues is like uncovering roots for new beginnings to blossom.(逃避或离开这种情况似乎可以解决问题，但无法解决根本原因。与其反复除草，倒在地上拔根更有效。面对问题就像解开新开端绽放的根源)”可知，空前提到，逃避或离开似乎能解决问题，但无法解决根本原因，故G项“快速解决可能会提供短期的轻松，但无法提供长期的轻松。”能够承接前文，逃避或离开这种情况似乎可以解决问题，但这样的快速解决只能提供短期的轻松，无法长期地解决问题，故选G项。 【19题详解】 根据空后“It feels like a balled-up mess of wires. Pulling hard at only one wire actually tightens the knot.(它就感觉像一团乱糟糟的电线。只要用力拉一根铁丝，就会打结)”可知，空后提到它就像是一团乱糟糟的电线，故D项“改变生活是困难而复杂的。”能够承接后文，空后的it指代D项中的“making changes”，做出改变是困难而复杂的，它就像是一团乱糟糟的电线，只要用力一拉，就会打结，故选D项。 【20题详解】 根据空前“We can’t expect the wires to loosen or unwind themselves.(我们不能指望电线会自动松动或解开)”可知，A项“它们就在那里，是混乱的一部分。”能够承接前文，是前文的顺义承接，我们不能指望电线会自动松开或解开，它们就在那里，是混乱的一部分，A项中的they指代前文的“wires”，故选A项。 第三部分语言运用（共两节,满分30分） 第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分） 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Clark, a bald eagle (秃鹰), is a frequent commercial flier. He takes at least six trips a year. When the plane touches down, the ___21___ will often announce to the cabin: “The eagle has ___22___.” Like many passengers who touch down in the nation’s capital, Clark has a pretty high profile. His eagle father, Captain, was given as a ___23___ to the United States in 1982 by West German. At the time, the bald eagle was endangered, and environmentalists were ___24___ about the present. At its low point, the bald eagle population had fallen to 417 known nesting pairs. The United States made great efforts to ___25___ the bald eagle population and the result was ___26___. The species was saved and the bald eagle was ___27___ from the list of threatened species in 2007. Captain was part of a critical conservation breeding program, ___28___ six healthy eaglets (雏鹰). While Clark’s siblings were ___29___ into the wild, Clark has spent his whole life under human care. Clark’s claw (爪) did not form ____30____ and just didn’t give him the ____31____ that he would need. After all, the wild is not the most ____32____ place. Clark travels across the country to ____33____ flight demonstrations and other educational programs at events. People react similarly when they see him at events. They’re ____34____. Clark’s physical presence leaves a lasting impression and ____35____ people to care more about conservation efforts. 21. A. driver B. passenger C. pilot D. conductor 22. A. boarded B. landed C. left D. launched 23. A. gift B. decoration C. product D. reward 24 A. passionate B. concerned C. excited D. curious 25. A. keep B. monitor C. study D. recover 26. A. satisfactory B. scary C. discouraging D. convincing 27. A. excused B. protected C. removed D. separated 28. A. teaching B. fathering C. catching D. adopting 29. A. thrown B. changed C. divided D. freed 30. A. carefully B. beautifully C. formally D. properly 31. A. necessity B. company C. protection D. opportunity 32. A. secret B. forgiving C. striking D. impressive 33. A. learn B. seek C. observe D. perform 34. A. blown away B. put away C. taken away D. hidden away 35. A. encourages B. trains C. forces D. warns 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文的体裁是记叙文，主要讲述了一只名为Clark的秃鹰作为美国保护项目的象征，它的出身背景、生活现状以及它如何参与公共教育活动，提升人们保护野生动物意识的故事。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当飞机着陆时，飞行员将会经常向机舱宣布：“鹰已经着陆了。”A. driver司机；B. passenger乘客；C. pilot飞行员；D. conductor售票员。根据上文“When the plane touches down”和下文“will often announce to the cabin”可知，此处应是指飞机上的工作人员向乘客宣布信息，最合适的是飞行员。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当飞机触地时，飞行员经常会向机舱宣布：“鹰已经着陆了。”A. boarded登机；B. landed着陆；C. left离开；D. launched发射。根据上文“Clark, a bald eagle ( 秃鹰 ), is a frequent commercial flier.”和“When the plane touches down”可知，这只秃鹰是一名飞行员，当它驾驶的飞机着陆时，即表明这只鹰已经着陆。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的鹰父亲Captain在1982年由西德作为一份礼物赠送给美国。A. gift礼物；B. decoration装饰；C. product产品；D. reward奖励。根据下文“to the United States in 1982 by West German”和历史背景和外交常识，动物作为两国友谊的象征通常作为礼物赠送。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时，秃鹰处于濒危状态，环保主义者对这份礼物感到非常担忧。A. passionate热情的；B. concerned担忧的；C. excited兴奋的；D. curious好奇的。根据上文的“At the time, the bald eagle was endangered, and environmentalists were”可知，由于秃鹰濒危，所以收到这样的礼物，环保主义者更可能是担忧其保护状况。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国做出了巨大努力来恢复秃鹰的数量，结果是令人满意的。A. keep保持；B. monitor监控；C. study研究；D. recover恢复。根据下文的“The species was saved and the bald eagle was 7 from the list of threatened species in 2007.”可知，此处指针对濒危物种的保护措施，目的是恢复种群数量。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国做出了巨大努力来恢复秃鹰的数量，结果是令人满意的。A. satisfactory令人满意的；B. scary可怕的；C. discouraging令人沮丧的；D. convincing有说服力的。根据下文的“The species was saved and the bald eagle was 7 from the list of threatened species in 2007.”可知，该物种被拯救，可知结果是积极的，令人满意的。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一物种被拯救了，2007年秃鹰从受威胁物种名单上被移除。A. excused原谅；B. protected保护；C. removed移除；D. separated分离。根据上文的“The species was saved”和下文的“from the list of threatened species in 2007”可知，此处指秃鹰因为数量恢复，不再属于受威胁物种，所以从名单上被移除。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Captain是关键保育繁殖项目的一部分，繁衍了六只健康的雏鹰。A. teaching教学；B. fathering繁衍；C. catching捕捉；D. adopting收养。根据下文的“six healthy eaglets (雏鹰)”可知，Captain作为一只雄性鹰参与繁殖计划，繁衍了后代。故选B。 29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管Clark的兄弟姐妹们被放归野外，Clark一生都在人类的照料下度过。A. thrown扔；B. changed改变；C. divided分割；D. freed释放，放归。根据上文的“While Clark’s siblings were”和下文的“into the wild, Clark has spent his whole life under human care”可知，此处指对比了Clark和Clark的兄弟姐妹的状况，Clark一生都在人类的照料下度过，Clark的兄弟姐妹们被放归野外。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Clark的爪子没有正常发育，因此没有赋予它在野外生存所必需的能力。A. carefully小心地；B. beautifully美丽地；C. formally正式地；D. properly正确地，恰当地。根据前文的“Clark’s claw (爪) did not form”可知，此处指Clark的生理缺陷，爪子没有正常发育。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Clark的爪子没有正常发育，因此没有赋予它在野外生存所必需的能力。A. necessity必需的事物，必要；B. company公司，陪伴；C. protection保护；D. opportunity机会。根据上文的“Clark’s claw (爪) did not form 10 and just didn’t give him”和下文的“that he would need”可知，此处指Clark因为生理缺陷，无法拥有在野外生存的必需的能力。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，野外并不是一个最宽容的地方。A. secret秘密的；B. forgiving宽容的，容易适应的；C. striking引人注目的；D. impressive印象深刻的。根据上文的“Clark’s claw (爪) did not form 10 and just didn’t give him the 11 that he would need. After all, the wild is not the most”可知，野外环境严苛，对于有生理缺陷的生物来说，不是一个宽容的环境。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Clark在全国各地旅行，为活动进行飞行表演和其他教育项目。A. learn学习；B. seek寻找；C. observe观察；D. perform表演。根据下文的“flight demonstrations and other educational programs at events”可知，Clark参与的是教育展示活动，因此是进行飞行表演。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当人们在活动中看到他时，他们的反应都是惊叹不已。A. blown away极为惊讶，惊叹不已；B. put away收起；C. taken away带走；D. hidden away隐藏起来。根据下文的“Clark’s physical presence leaves a lasting impression”可知，Clark给人们留下了持久的印象，人们对Clark的出现通常会感到非常惊奇和赞叹。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Clark的身体存在留下了持久的印象，并鼓励人们更加关注保护工作。A. encourages鼓励；B. trains训练；C. forces强迫；D. warns警告。根据上文的“Clark travels across the country to 13 flight demonstrations and other educational programs at events.”和下文的“people to care more about conservation efforts”可知，Clark的存在和展示活动是为了正面促进人们保护野生动物的意识。故选A。 第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Animals and plants can teach humans a lot about design and engineering. As a result, many engineers, scientists, and designers spend time studying them. When they have a problem, nature often has the answer. This science ___36___ (call) biomimetics. Bio means “living things” and mimetics means “copying”. It involves ___37___ (draw) inspiration from nature’s designs and processes ___38___ (solve) human problems or improve technology. For example, engineers in Canada are studying whale flippers (鳍) because they move so effectively through water. The engineers believe the shape can improve the movement of wind turbines (涡轮机). Similarly, engineers at Mercedes Benz in Germany are using the shape of the box fish ___39___ one of their new cars because it makes the car ___40___ (fast) and more fuel efficient. Velcro (粘扣) is ___41___ (probable) the most famous example of biomimetics. Most people have some Velcro on ___42___ item of clothing. It was invented by the Swiss engineer George de Mestral in 1948. He was walking in the countryside ___43___ he pulled a burr (毛刺) off his trousers. He noticed how well the burr stuck to his clothes so he studied its design. The result was Velcro, which became an ___44___ (afford) alternative to the traditional zipper. In conclusion, biomimetics not only has helped to design our world but promises many more ___45___ (possibility). Unfortunately, they might take a long time to develop. This isn’t really surprising: it took nature millions of years to design its animals and plants. 【答案】36. is called 37. drawing 38. to solve 39. in 40. faster 41. probably 42. an 43. when 44. affordable 45. possibilities 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了什么是仿生学及其给我们带来的设计启发和生活用处。 【36题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这门科学被称为仿生学。分析句子可知，空处缺少谓语，science与call为被动关系，且结合句意可知，这里描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数。故填is called。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它涉及从自然的设计和过程中汲取灵感，以解决人类问题或改进技术。involve doing sth.意思为：涉及做某事，空处表示主动，用动名词作宾语。故填drawing。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它涉及从自然的设计和过程中汲取灵感，以解决人类问题或改进技术。根据句意可知，从自然的设计和过程中汲取灵感的目的是为了解决问题或改进技术，空处用不定式作目的状语。故填to solve。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：同样，德国奔驰公司的工程师们也在他们的一款新车上使用了箱形鱼的形状，因为它使汽车更快，更省油。根据one of their new cars可知，空处缺少介词，表示“在……中”，用介词in。故填in。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：同样，德国奔驰公司的工程师们也在他们的一款新车上使用了箱形鱼的形状，因为它使汽车更快，更省油。空处作make的宾补，与more fuel efficient并列，用形容词比较级。故填faster。 【41题详解】 考查副词。句意：维可牢尼龙搭扣可能是仿生学中最著名的例子。空处放在is后，修饰句子谓语，用副词作状语。故填probably。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：大多数人的衣服上都有魔术贴。根据item of clothing可知，此处为泛指，且item以元音音素开始发音，不定冠词用an。故填an。 【43题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：他在乡间散步时扯掉了裤子上的一个毛刺。根据句意可知，He was walking in the countryside和he pulled a burr off his trousers是同时发生的，空处用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。故填when。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：结果就是维可牢尼龙搭扣，它成为了传统拉链的一种经济实惠的替代品。空处缺少形容词修饰名词alternative作定语。故填affordable。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：总之，仿生学不仅有助于设计我们的世界，而且预示着更多的可能性。分析句子可知，空处作promises的宾语，表示“可能性”不止一种，用复数形式。故填possibilities。 第四部分写作（共两节, 满分 40 分） 第一节（满分 15 分） 46. 假如你是李华，你的外国朋友Henry明年打算来中国游玩，请你给他写一封信，向他推荐一个主题乐园。内容包括： 1.推荐理由； 2.主要活动； 3.美好祝愿。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Henry, I am delighted to learn you will come to China and I’m equally pleased to recommend Shanghai Disneyland, a theme park which never fails to fascinate me. As the sixth theme park built by The Walt Disney Company in the world, it has been a popular resort ever since its opening on June 16, 2016 receiving thousands of tourists every single day. Strolling in the park, you will feel as if you were in a magical world where all your childhood dreams can come true, travelling through space or visiting a pirate ship, not to mention meeting an adorable fairy tale or cartoon character. Of course, Disneyland also has many thrilling rides to amuse you, from enormous swinging ships to scary freefall drops. I am fully convinced you will leave the park, feeling refreshed and revitalized. Sincerely hope all these can be of great help to you. Look forward to your arrival and wish you all the best. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是李华，你的外国朋友Henry明年打算来中国游玩，请你给他写一封信，向他推荐一个主题乐园。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：delighted→glad 漫步：stroll→wander 好像：as if→as though 兴奋的：thrilling→exciting 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Of course, Disneyland also has many thrilling rides to amuse you, from enormous swinging ships to scary freefall drops. 拓展句：Of course, Disneyland also has many thrilling rides to amuse you, which ranges from enormous swinging ships to scary freefall drops. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am delighted to learn you will come to China and I’m equally pleased to recommend Shanghai Disneyland, a theme park which never fails to fascinate me.（运用了which引导的限定性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Strolling in the park, you will feel as if you were in a magical world where all your childhood dreams can come true, travelling through space or visiting a pirate ship, not to mention meeting an adorable fairy tale or cartoon character. （运用了as if引导的表语从句，where引导的限定性定语从句） 第二节（满分 25 分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One Saturday, a thirteen-year-old boy named Tim was hanging out with his friends at a local cafe. Tim and his friends would usually spend the entire weekend together, before meeting again the following week while in school. That day, Tim’s mom Gloria wanted to change up his routine by inviting him to watch a new superhero movie with her. Gloria kept calling Tim on his cellphone, but he wouldn’t pick up. So, she decided to make her way to the cafe, knowing that this was where Tim and his friends usually had lunch on Saturdays. When she spotted Tim and his friends, she made her way to them, only to see Tim’s friends giggling. “Your grandmother’s come to pick you up, Tim!” they teased. Tim glared (怒视) at his mother and walked up to her to stop her from going any closer. “What are you doing here?”! he scolded her. “You’re embarrassing me in front of my friends!” “I just wanted to ask if you wanted to watch a movie with me,” she smiled , trying to hold his hand. Tim shrugged (耸肩) off her hands. “Leave me alone! I’m with my friends!” he told her. Gloria walked back home sadly. When Tim got home that night, it was already half past ten. He went straight to his room, not even acknowledging Gloria’s presence in the living room. “What’s the matter, Tim?” Gloria asked him. “Why is it that you don’t like being with me anymore? I’m worried about you, Tim. I barely know what’s going on in your life!” she said, trying to walk close r to him. “You’re such an old, boring woman! Why did you even give birth to me?!” he yelled. Gloria felt a pain in her chest after hearing Tim yell at her that way. Before she could respond, Tim grabbed his backpack and ran out the door. “Tim!” Gloria called out. Tim rode on his bike and left the street. Gloria tried calling out and chasing after him, but he was too fast. Then, she fainted in front of one of her neighbor’s houses. 注意：1. 续写词数应为 150词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 When Tim got home late that night, he saw a neighbor at their door. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After riding for half an hour, Tim arrived at the hospital. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When Tim got home late that night, he saw a neighbor at their door. The neighbor, with a look of concern, informed Tim that his mother had fainted and was rushed to the hospital. Tim’s mind went blank as he processed the information, his heart pounding in his chest. A wave of guilt washed over him as he realized what he had done to his mother. He quickly grabbed his bike keys and dashed outside, his bike already waiting for him in the driveway. The cool night air rushed past him, the streetlights casting flickering shadows on his path. Every pedal felt like a race against time as he pushed himself to reach the hospital as soon as possible. After riding for half an hour, Tim arrived at the hospital. Breathless and drenched in sweat, he rushed to the reception desk and asked for his mother’s room. The nurse directed him to a softly lit room where Gloria lay. Her face was pale, but her eyes lit up when she saw her son. Tim inched to her bedside, tears streaming down his face. He grabbed her hand and whispered apologies for his recent behavior. Gloria, with a weary but forgiving smile, reassured him that she was okay and that they could work through their differences. As they held each other’s hands, sharing words of understanding and love, the tension between them melted away. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，文章讲述了关于一个名叫Tim的13岁男孩与他母亲Gloria之间的情感冲突与和解。Tim与朋友在咖啡馆聚会时，Gloria试图邀请他一起看电影，但遭到Tim的拒绝和责备。Tim的冷漠和愤怒伤害了Gloria，最终导致她晕倒并被送往医院。Tim在得知此事后深感内疚，急忙赶到医院向母亲道歉。在医院里，母子俩坦诚相对，通过互相理解和原谅，化解了彼此之间的隔阂，重新建立了深厚的母子情感。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“那天晚上，Tim很晚才回到家，他看见门口站着一个邻居。”可知，第一段可描写邻居告知Tim关于母亲的状况，以及Tim听到消息后的反应，感到医院的情节。 ②由第二段首句内容“骑了半个小时后，Tim到达了医院。”可知，第二段可描写Tim到达医院后询问母亲的状况，以及征求母亲的原谅，向母亲道歉。同时母亲原谅Tim的情节。 2.续写线索： 得知母亲被送到医院——Tim感到愧疚——与时间赛跑赶到医院——询问母亲状况——向母亲道歉并征求原谅——母子和好 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①告知：inform/tell ②冲出去：dash outside/run outside ③引导：direct/guide 情绪类 ①羞愧：a wave of guilt/shame ②流泪：tears streaming down his face/tears rolling down from his face 【点睛】[高分句型1] A wave of guilt washed over him as he realized what he had done to his mother.(运用了what引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] Tim inched to her bedside, tears streaming down his face.(运用了独立主格结构) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 绝密★启用前 2024年山东省青岛市五十八中一模英语 英语 本试卷共10页,满分120分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上,并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后,将答题卡交回。 第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分） 第一节（共15小题;每小题2. 5分,满分37. 5分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Must-read New Fiction Books We all have a few tried-and-true fiction favorites, but there’s something special about a brand-new, hot-off-the-press novel. Whether it’s your favorite author’s new release or a new writer’s first work, great fiction books make the perfect escape from ordinary life. That’s why we’ve rounded up a list of the best new books released in February. Age of Gold by Jerry Lapoor Jerry Lapoor’s latest action-packed novel unfolds like a crazy movie. This thriller begins when a wealthy man’s car gets out of control. But when the dust settles, the rich man is nowhere to be found. How and to where does he disappear? With an exciting plot that will carry you from old-money houses to small agricultural villages, Age of Cold will take you on an unforgettable ride across a vast land. City Under One Sky by Rachel Young In the book, Young presents a crime story set in a small town. Detective Sara Kennedy has been sent to investigate a case. But soon after arrival, Sara gets snowed in with the 205 townsfolk living in the same apartment building. Who is hiding the key to the crime? And is there anyone she can truly trust? The appealing story, strange but distinctive characters and unexpected plot are just a few of the reasons why City Under One Sky gains its popularity. Lady by Jess George Lady is an irresistible fiction from Jess George. The story of Mary’s fresh start at adulthood is shot through with themes of family, race and discrimination, womanhood and the immigrant reality of feeling torn between cultures. Though struggling with life in London as an African, Mary jumps at every chance to stand on her own feet. 1. What will impress the readers in Age of Gold? A. The thrilling plot. B. Traditional cultures. C. The family conflict. D. Crazy characters. 2. What happens to Sara Kennedy in City Under One Sky? A. She is trapped in the snow. B. She is to investigate a case abroad. C. She hides the key evidence. D. She has trouble discovering the truth. 3. Which is likely to be the main theme of Lady? A. Self-reliance. B. Gender equality. C. Domestic violence. D. Cross-cultural communication. B By the late 1960s, abstract painter Harold Cohen had represented Britain at important festivals with his oil paintings and was seeking a new challenge. “Maybe there are more interesting things going on outside my studio than inside it,” he thought. Cohen turned from the canvas (画布) to the screen, using computers to find new ways of creating art. In the late 1960s, he created a program that he named Aaron. It was the first artificial intelligence software in the world of fine art, and Cohen first presented Aaron in 1974 at the University of California, Berkeley. Aaron’s work has since graced museums from the Tate Gallery in London to the Sand Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Now, with AI dominating the headlines, a new exhibition at New York’s Whitney Museum of American Art,“Harold Cohen: Aaron,” running through June 2024, draws attention to Cohen’s pioneering work. The Whitney is offering something deeper than most previous Aaron exhibits: a real-time experience, in which visitors can watch the software produce art. Cohen seeded Aaron with all sorts of knowledge: about basic objects, physics, and fundamental techniques of drawing. Aaron uses this knowledge to follow instructions, complete tasks, and make decisions like human beings - a very different approach from today’s generative AI art programs, which don’t draw from scratch (从头开始) but rather rely on databases of images. Versions of Aaron still generate output, but anything done after Cohen’s death in 2016 is not considered genuine. The Whitney is showcasing two versions of Cohen’s software, along with the art that each produced before Cohen died. The 2001 version, Aaron KCAT, generates images of figures and plants and projects them onto a wall more than ten feet high, while the 2007 version produces jungle-like scenes. The software will also create art physically, on paper, for the first time since the 1990s. “It is absolutely thrilling,” said Christiane Paul, the museum’s director of digital art, “to have one of those remarkable treasures of digital art in the collection.” 4. What was Aaron born out of? A. Harold’s curiosity. B. The museum’s donation. C. Cohen’s imagination. D. The university’s support. 5. What makes Aaron different from modern AI art programs? A. Its ability to assign tasks. B. Its use of modern techniques. C. Its capability to make choices. D. Its dependence on existing database. 6. What can visitors do in the “Harold Cohen: Aaron” exhibition? A. See the original 1960s version of Aaron. B. Generate images with the help of Aaron. C. Learn about the physical rules in art. D. Observe Aaron creating art on the spot. 7. What is the text mainly about? A. The masterpieces of digital art. B. A new show of the art world’s first AI. C. The latest technologies in the Whitney. D. Harold Cohen’s impact on generative AI. C Peru is prepared to approve new laws that would make it easier to investigate and punish researchers who engage in academic cheating, including paying to have their names added to a paper. The move comes as Peru’s national science agency seeks to crack down on authorship buying and other dishonest practices. It recently removed two scientists accused of dishonest publications from a national registry that is key to receiving government sponsor, job promotions, and salary bonuses. And officials are investigating more than 170 other researchers at a Peruvian media report claimed were involved in academic misconduct, including 72 listed n the national registry who work at 14 universities in Peru. The new laws will empower universities and government officials to punish such behavior. Dishonest publishing practices “transcend mere moral misbehavior” because they enable researchers to obtain government and private funding without telling the truth, says Edward Málaga Trillo, a member of Congress who is the driving force behind the bills, which lawmakers are expected to finalize early this year. “These individuals are operating academic cheating.” Peru’s academic community has been struggling with a rising tide of false authorship and related problems. One cause some researchers say, is a 2014 law that aimed to stimulate research by rewarding researchers who boost their publishing output. For example, under a scoring system used by universities, researchers can earn five points for authorship in a high-impact journal, and two points when the journal is lower impact. A massing points can bring bonus payments and career promotion. Signs of dishonest publishing can be obvious, notes Nahuel Monteblanco, president of Cientificos. pe, a Peruvian group that investigates misconduct. Many of the papers cited by Punto Final have numerous co-authors from different nations with few prior publications on the same subject. “If your colleague consistently publishes 20 articles a year with co-authors from other countries, that’s highly suspect,” Monteblanco says. 8. What action did Peru take recently to address academic cheating? A. Fining 72 offenders for academic dishonesty. B. Disqualifying 2 scientists from a national registry. C. Punishing 170 researchers for academic misconduct. D. Withdrawing government fund from 14 universities. 9. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “transcend” in paragraph 3? A. Change. B. Strengthen. C. Go beyond. D. Approve of. 10. What do we know about the 2014 law in Peru? A. It advocated a fair scoring system. B. It applied to high-impact journals. C. It led to an increase in false authorship. D. It aimed to punish dishonest publishing. 11. The most suspicion might be given to a productive researcher with _________. A. career promotion B. consistent research focus C. few citations by Punto Final D. co-authors from various countries D Evolution (进化) can perform extraordinary makeovers; today’s airborne songbirds evolved from the wingless, earthbound dinosaurs that wandered millions of years ago. But some organisms seem to be unchanged — in other words, escape natural selection. The coelacanth, a modern-day fish, is nearly identical to its 410-million-year-old fossils. Scientists have long wondered how these species do so. It has been assumed that natural selection keeps some species unchanged by selecting for moderate or average qualities (stabilizing selection) rather than selecting for more extreme qualities that would cause a species to change (directional selection). But a study published in the National Academy of Sciences USA contradicts this idea, showing that evolution constantly favors different qualities in seemingly unchanging animals to improve short-term survival. In the long term, though, “all that evolution cancels out and leads to no change,” says the study’s lead author, James Stroud. Stroud and his colleagues studied for lizard (蜥蜴) specios; all relatively unchanged for 20 million years. The researchers caught members of these populations every six months for three years. They measured each lizard’s head size, leg length, mass and height, as well as the size of its sticky toes (脚趾头), noting which individuals survived. Stroud expected to observe stabılızıng selection at work preserving moderate qualities. Instead he saw clearer evidence of directional selection: some lizards with unique characteristics, such as stickier toes, survived better. “The study offers a good explanation for why we see what we think is stabiliring selection,” says Tadashi Fukami, an ecologist studying evolution at Stanford University. Many new qualities are evolving in the short term, but they don’t provide a crucial advantage over the long term. In other words, species staying unchanged may simply have found the best possible combination of qualities for lasting success in their environment. So what happens when the lizards’ environment changes more dramatically? To help answer this bigger question, Stroud is still making trips to visit the lizards. 12. Why does the author mention the “coelacanth fish” in paragraph 1? A. To demonstrate the power of evolution. B. To add evidence to natural selection. C. To give an example of unchanged species. D. To prove species' extraordinary makeovers. 13. What's the focus of paragraph 2? A. Unsolved mysteries. B. A common belief. C. A sharp contrast. D. Unique Characteristics. 14. How did Stroud conduct his research? A By analyzing lizard fossils. B. By tracking research objects. C. By illustrating stabilizing selection. D. By categorizing qualities of lizards. 15. What will Stroud probably do in the future? A Make trips to visit lizard experts. B. Summarize average features of lizards. C. Reveal the best combinations of qualities. D. Examine lizards under extreme conditions. 第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Facing hard things is, well, hard. Sometimes we are forced to simply shift, such as with a loss or failure; however, much of the time, we may recognize the difficulties underneath that need attention but feel too overwhelmed to address them. ___16___ The difficulties might be an outdated habit, a troubling memory or a long- ignored conflict. Some individuals fool themselves into thinking there really is not a problem. It’s like someone trying to hold active mice under a blanket by holding down the edges of the moving blanket. Pulling back the blanket to let the mice out is needed, despite being terrifying. Once the mice are released, there may be further challenges to get them out of the house. ___17___ People often encounter similar problems. Avoiding or leaving the situation appears to fix the problem but fails to tackle the underlying cause. Rather than repeatedly cutting weeds, getting down on the ground and pulling the roots is more effective. Facing issues is like uncovering roots for new beginnings to blossom. ___18___ ___19___ It feels like a balled-up mess of wires. Pulling hard at only one wire actually tightens the knot. We have to take a calmer look and pull apart each wire one at a time. We can’t expect the wires to loosen or unwind themselves. ___20___ Nevertheless, once they have been freed, they can sometimes be separated, put aside, and used as needed. A. They are just there and part of the chaos. B. And humans are masters of avoidance and denial. C. The overall benefits from tough work enable growth D. Making changes in one’s life is hard and complicated. E. Sadly, it often worsens when we approach it with anger. F. However, problems cannot be faced if they are not first recognized. G. Quick fixes might provide relief in the short term but often not in the long term. 第三部分语言运用（共两节,满分30分） 第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分） 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Clark, a bald eagle (秃鹰), is a frequent commercial flier. He takes at least six trips a year. When the plane touches down, the ___21___ will often announce to the cabin: “The eagle has ___22___.” Like many passengers who touch down in the nation’s capital, Clark has a pretty high profile. His eagle father, Captain, was given as a ___23___ to the United States in 1982 by West German. At the time, the bald eagle was endangered, and environmentalists were ___24___ about the present. At its low point, the bald eagle population had fallen to 417 known nesting pairs. The United States made great efforts to ___25___ the bald eagle population and the result was ___26___. The species was saved and the bald eagle was ___27___ from the list of threatened species in 2007. Captain was part of a critical conservation breeding program, ___28___ six healthy eaglets (雏鹰). While Clark’s siblings were ___29___ into the wild, Clark has spent his whole life under human care. Clark’s claw (爪) did not form ____30____ and just didn’t give him the ____31____ that he would need. After all, the wild is not the most ____32____ place. Clark travels across the country to ____33____ flight demonstrations and other educational programs at events People react similarly when they see him at events. They’re ____34____. Clark’s physical presence leaves a lasting impression and ____35____ people to care more about conservation efforts. 21. A. driver B. passenger C. pilot D. conductor 22. A. boarded B. landed C. left D. launched 23. A. gift B. decoration C. product D. reward 24. A. passionate B. concerned C. excited D. curious 25. A. keep B. monitor C. study D. recover 26. A. satisfactory B. scary C. discouraging D. convincing 27. A. excused B. protected C. removed D. separated 28. A. teaching B. fathering C. catching D. adopting 29. A. thrown B. changed C. divided D. freed 30. A. carefully B. beautifully C. formally D. properly 31. A. necessity B. company C. protection D. opportunity 32 A. secret B. forgiving C. striking D. impressive 33. A. learn B. seek C. observe D. perform 34. A. blown away B. put away C. taken away D. hidden away 35. A. encourages B. trains C. forces D. warns 第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Animals and plants can teach humans a lot about design and engineering. As a result, many engineers, scientists, and designers spend time studying them. When they have a problem, nature often has the answer. This science ___36___ (call) biomimetics. Bio means “living things” and mimetics means “copying”. It involves ___37___ (draw) inspiration from nature’s designs and processes ___38___ (solve) human problems or improve technology. For example, engineers in Canada are studying whale flippers (鳍) because they move so effectively through water. The engineers believe the shape can improve the movement of wind turbines (涡轮机). Similarly, engineers at Mercedes Benz in Germany are using the shape of the box fish ___39___ one of their new cars because it makes the car ___40___ (fast) and more fuel efficient. Velcro (粘扣) is ___41___ (probable) the most famous example of biomimetics. Most people have some Velcro on ___42___ item of clothing. It was invented by the Swiss engineer George de Mestral in 1948. He was walking in the countryside ___43___ he pulled a burr (毛刺) off his trousers. He noticed how well the burr stuck to his clothes so he studied its design. The result was Velcro, which became an ___44___ (afford) alternative to the traditional zipper. In conclusion, biomimetics not only has helped to design our world but promises many more ___45___ (possibility). Unfortunately, they might take a long time to develop. This isn’t really surprising: it took nature millions of years to design its animals and plants. 第四部分写作（共两节, 满分 40 分） 第一节（满分 15 分） 46. 假如你是李华，你的外国朋友Henry明年打算来中国游玩，请你给他写一封信，向他推荐一个主题乐园。内容包括： 1.推荐理由； 2.主要活动； 3.美好祝愿。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分 25 分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One Saturday, a thirteen-year-old boy named Tim was hanging out with his friends at a local cafe. Tim and his friends would usually spend the entire weekend together, before meeting again the following week while in school. That day, Tim’s mom Gloria wanted to change up his routine by inviting him to watch a new superhero movie with her. Gloria kept calling Tim on his cellphone, but he wouldn’t pick up. So, she decided to make her way to the cafe, knowing that this was where Tim and his friends usually had lunch on Saturdays. When she spotted Tim and his friends, she made her way to them, only to see Tim’s friends giggling. “Your grandmother’s come to pick you up, Tim!” they teased. Tim glared (怒视) at his mother and walked up to her to stop her from going any closer. “What are you doing here?”! he scolded her. “You’re embarrassing me in front of my friends!” “I just wanted to ask if you wanted to watch a movie with me,” she smiled , trying to hold his hand. Tim shrugged (耸肩) off her hands. “Leave me alone! I’m with my friends!” he told her. Gloria walked back home sadly. When Tim got home that night, it was already half past ten. He went straight to his room, not even acknowledging Gloria’s presence in the living room. “What’s the matter, Tim?” Gloria asked him. “Why is it that you don’t like being with me anymore? I’m worried about you, Tim. I barely know what’s going on in your life!” she said, trying to walk close r to him. “You’re such an old, boring woman! Why did you even give birth to me?!” he yelled. Gloria felt a pain in her chest after hearing Tim yell at her that way. Before she could respond, Tim grabbed his backpack and ran out the door. “Tim!” Gloria called out. Tim rode on his bike and left the street. Gloria tried calling out and chasing after him, but he was too fast. Then, she fainted in front of one of her neighbor’s houses. 注意：1. 续写词数应为 150词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 When Tim got home late that night, he saw a neighbor at their door. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After riding for half an hour, Tim arrived at the hospital. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$