UNIT 6 THE ADMIRABLE-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（北师大版2019）

UNIT 6　THE ADMIRABLE 必修第二册 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 (主题语境：人与社会——杰出人物) 【单元话题词汇记忆】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识　自测落实 核心考点　互动探究 跟踪检测　运用提升 课时作业　巩固提升 基础知识　自测落实 单元词句背诵 一、阅读词汇——知其意 1. evil n.邪恶之事；祸害adj.邪恶的 2. mosquito n.蚊子 3. committee n.委员会 4. herb n.药草 5. recipe n.处方；秘诀 6. fame n.名声，名誉 7. renowned adj.著名的，有名望的 8. integrate vi.& vt.(使)结合；(使)成为一体 9. discrimination n.歧视 10. bar n.铁栅；(门、窗等的)闩 11. self-evident adj.不证自明的；显而易见的 12. horror n.令人惊恐的事 13. nightmare n.噩梦，梦魇 14. ongoing adj.继续进行的，不断发展的 15. undertake vt.着手做，承担 16. biography n.传记 二、核心词汇——明其形 1. career n.职业，事业 2. justice n.公平，公正 3. generation n.一代(人) 4. reform n.改革；改进 5. mankind n.人类 6. apart adj.& adv.分开；散开 7. drug n.药物，药材；毒品 8. female adj.女(性)的 9. stage n.舞台；阶段 10. award vt.授予；给予 11. gain vt.获得，赢得，取得；受益n.好处；利益 12. literature n.文献资料；著述；文学 13. resource n.物力；资源 14. staff n.全体职员，员工 15. eventually adv.最终；终于 16. despite prep.尽管；虽然 17. potential n.潜力；可能性 18. protest n.& vi.& vt.抗议；反对 19. inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 20. skin n.皮肤 21. further adj.更多的，进一步 22. march n.示威游行，抗议游行 23. regard vt.认为，看作 24. opportunity n.机会；时机 25. reputation n.名誉；名望 26. organisation n.组织；团体；机构 27. strike vi.& vt.突然发生(某种不幸)；突然有坏的影响；打，击 28. severe adj.很严重的 29. energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的 30. advocate vt.拥护；主张；鼓吹n.提倡者；拥护者；鼓吹者 31. attitude n.看法，态度 32. summary n.概要；摘要；总结 33. daring adj.勇敢的 34. originally adv.原先，最初 三、拓展词汇——通其变 1. admirable adj.令人钦佩的；极其出色的→admire vt.钦佩；赞 赏；欣赏→admiring adj.赞赏的，钦佩的→admiration n.钦佩； 赞赏；羡慕 2. cure n.疗法vt.治好(疾病)；治愈→curable adj.可治愈的 3. remarkable adj.不寻常的；显著的；非凡的→remarkably adv.显著 地；非凡地→remark n.& vi.& vt.评论；谈论 4. intelligent adj.聪敏的；有智慧的→intelligence n.智力；智慧 5. generous adj.无私的；大方的；慷慨的→generously adv.慷慨地 →generosity n.慷慨；大方 6. creatively adv.创造性地；有创造力地→creative adj.有创造力的 →create vt.创造 7. effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的→effect n.效果；作用 8. honour n.荣誉vt.感到荣幸→honourable adj.值得尊敬的；品 格高尚的 9. recognition n.表彰；赞扬；认可→recognize vt.承认；公认 10. academy n.学会；研究院→academic adj.学术的；学业的 →academically adv.学术上 11. establish vt.建立，设立→establishment n.建立，设立 12. chemical n.化学品adj.化学的→chemistry n.化学→chemically adv. 化学上；以化学方法→chemist n.化学家；药剂师 13. limited adj.有限的→limit vt.& n.限制→limitation n.控制；局限 →limitless adj.无限的 14. promising adj.大有希望的→promise v.承诺；答应；预示n.承 诺；吉兆，迹象 15. wisdom n.知识，学问；智慧→wise adj.明智的→wisely adv. 明智地 16. advance v.前进；进步；促进n.发展；进步→advanced adj.高级 的；先进的 17. independence n.独立→independent adj.独立的，自主的 →independently adv.独立地 18. peaceful adj.和平的，没有暴力的→peace n.和平→peacefully adv. 和平地；平静地 19. racial adj.种族的；人种的→race n.种族 20. judge vi.& vt.评价；判断→judgement n.判断 21. impressive adj.令人钦佩的，给人印象深刻的→impression n.印象 →impress v.给……留下印象 22. respect n.& vt.尊敬；敬佩→respectable adj.值得尊敬的 →respectful adj.恭敬的；有礼貌的→respective adj.各自的，分别的 23. novelist n.小说家→novel n.小说adj.新颖的 24. journalist n.新闻工作者→journal n.报纸，刊物；日志 25. passion n.强烈的爱好，热爱；激情→passionate adj.具有强烈信 念的；热爱的，酷爱的 26. awareness n.意识；认识→aware adj.意识到的；认识到的 →unaware adj.没意识到的 27. movement n.运动，动作，活动→move v.移动；使感动→moving adj.动人的；移动的，运动的 28. depression n.忧郁，消沉，沮丧；抑郁症→depress vt.使郁闷 →depressed adj.沮丧的→depressing adj.令人沮丧的 29. commitment n.投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺→commit v.承诺；忠 于；犯罪→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 30. intense adj.强烈的，剧烈的→intensity n.强烈，紧张，强度 31. engage vi.参与，参加→engagement n.约定；订婚→engaged adj. 忙于……的；订婚的 32. design vt.计划，设计→designer n.设计师 33. disability n.伤残，残障，障碍→disabled adj.残疾的→disable vt. 使伤残；使无效 1. put out fires灭火 2. fight for...努力争取，为……斗争 3. have...in mind心里已有…… 4. apart from...除……之外 5. come across偶然发现；偶遇 6. pick out挑选 7. with the help of在……的帮助下 8. volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事 9. be noted for因为……而著名 10. behind bars在牢里 11. the other day不久前某一天 12. be regarded as被认为，被看作 13. due to由于，因为 14. in spite of尽管……(仍……)；虽然；不顾 15. lead to导致；造成 16. in support of支持 1. 动词不定式作后置定语 [教材原句]　The woman was Tu Youyou，the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。 2. the reason why...is/was that...……的原因是…… [教材原句]　The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.之所以困难，是因为该小组的资源有限。 3. not only...but also...不仅……而且…… [教材原句]　Thus，not only is he known as a superhero in the Superman films，but he is also regarded as a superhero to many in real life.因此，他不仅在《超人》电影中被称为超级英雄，而且在现实生活中也被许多人视为超级英雄。 4. 状语从句的省略 [教材原句]　When thanking the Committee for the honour，Tu Youyou said，“This is not only an honour for myself，but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China.”屠呦呦 感谢(诺贝尔)委员会授予她如此殊荣，她说：“这不仅是授予我个 人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。” 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.词汇默写 一、核心词汇 1. n.公平，公正 2. vt.授予；给予 3. vt.获得，赢得，取得；受益n.好处；利益 4. n.文献资料；著述；文学 5. adv.最终；终于 6. prep.尽管；虽然 justice　 award　 gain　 literature　 eventually　 despite　 7. n.潜力；可能性 8. n.& vi.& vt.抗议；反对 9. adj.鼓舞人心的 10. adj.更多的，进一步 11. vt.认为，看作 12. n.机会；时机 13. n.名誉；名望 14. vi.& vt.突然发生(某种不幸)；突然有坏的影响； 打，击 potential　 protest　 inspiring　 further　 regard　 opportunity　 reputation　 strike　 15. adj.很严重的 16. adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的 17. vt.拥护；主张；鼓吹n.提倡者；拥护者；鼓吹者 18. n.看法，态度 19. adj.勇敢的 20. adv.原先，最初 severe　 energetic　 advocate　 attitude　 daring　 originally　 二、拓展词汇 1. admirable adj.令人钦佩的；极其出色的→ vt.钦佩；赞 赏；欣赏→ adj.赞赏的，钦佩的→ n.钦 佩；赞赏；羡慕 2. cure n.疗法vt.治好(疾病)；治愈→ adj.可治愈的 3. remarkable adj.不寻常的；显著的；非凡的→ adv. 显著地；非凡地→ n.& vi.& vt.评论；谈论 4. intelligent adj.聪敏的；有智慧的→ n.智力；智慧 admire　 admiring　 admiration　 curable　 remarkably　 remark　 intelligence　 5. generous adj.无私的；大方的；慷慨的→ adv.慷慨 地→ n.慷慨；大方 6. creatively adv.创造性地；有创造力地→ adj.有创造力 的→ vt.创造 7. honour n.荣誉vt.感到荣幸→ adj.值得尊敬的；品格 高尚的 8. establish vt.建立，设立→ n.建立，设立 9. advance v.前进；进步；促进n.发展；进步→ adj.高 级的；先进的 generously　 generosity　 creative　 create　 honourable　 establishment　 advanced　 10. independence n.独立→ adj.独立的，自主的 → adv.独立地 11. judge vi.& vt.评价；判断→ n.判断 12. respect n.& vt.尊敬；敬佩→ adj.值得尊敬的 → adj.恭敬的；有礼貌的→ adj.各自 的，分别的 13. passion n.强烈的爱好，热爱；激情→ adj.具有强 烈信念的；热爱的，酷爱的 independent　 independently　 judgement　 respectable　 respectful　 respective　 passionate　 14. engage vi.参与，参加→ n.约定；订婚 → adj.忙于……的；订婚的 15. design vt.计划，设计→ n.设计师 engagement　 engaged　 designer　 Ⅱ.语块默写 1. ⁠灭火 2. 努力争取，为……斗争 3. 心里已有…… 4. 除……之外 5. ⁠偶然发现；偶遇 6. ⁠挑选 7. ⁠不久前某一天 8. ⁠被认为，被看作 9. ⁠由于，因为 10. 尽管……(仍……)；虽然；不顾 put out fires　 fight for...　 have...in mind　 apart from...　 come across　 pick out　 the other day　 be regarded as　 due to　 in spite of　 Ⅲ.课文佳句 1. Later，she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field ⁠ ⁠. 后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习了两年半的中医，对传统习俗有了 深入的了解。 from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices　 2. He realised ⁠ ⁠ ⁠. 他意识到，他在这些电影中的角色让他有机会成为现实生活中的超 人，他很快就因提高人们对公益事业的认识而获得了声誉。 3. He ⁠ ⁠. 他从事各种旨在重建肌肉的运动，并取得了显著的进步。 that his roles in these films had given him the opportunity to be a real-life superman，and he soon gained a reputation for raising awareness for good causes　 engaged in a wide range of exercises designed to rebuild muscle，and made remarkable progress　 4. Although Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize and become well- known， ⁠ ⁠. 屠呦呦虽然获得了诺贝尔奖，也很有名气，但她对名声不感兴趣， 更愿意继续自己的研究。 she is uninterested in fame and prefers to continue her research　 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1. (2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)This can hinder the progress of students as the more (advance)one may dominate the conversation， leaving little room for the other students to improve. 2. (2022·全国甲卷)Consequently，more activities should be launched to raise people’s ⁠ (aware) of ocean protection. 3. (2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth (organize)，subject to availability. advanced　 awareness　 organizations　 4. (2023·北京卷)Artificial ⁠ (intelligent) may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamoured by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). 5. He received the award in ⁠ (recognize) of his success over the past year. intelligence　 recognition　 Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. (除了帮助无家可归者之外)， the organisation also collects money for protecting wild animals. 2. He ⁠ (被认为是现代最成功的总统). 3. The town was cut off from the rest of the world ⁠ (由于暴雪). 4. It was at the airport that I ⁠ (偶然遇见了我的一位大学同学). 5. They had to (努力争 取公路系统的改进). Apart from helping the homeless　 is regarded as the most successful president of modern times　 due to heavy snow　 came across one of my university classmates　 fight for improvements to the road system　 Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 我儿子高兴地对我说他是班里第三个完成作业并且是唯一一个得 满分的人。 My son told me gladly that ⁠ ⁠. 2. 我请假三天的原因是我生病的母亲需要我的照顾。 ⁠ my sick mother needed my care. he was the third person to finish homework and the only one to get full marks in his class　 The reason why I asked for three days off was that　 3. (2022·全国甲卷)海洋在我们的世界中扮演着重要的角色。海洋不 仅为我们提供充足的食物，而且它还维持着自然的平衡。 Ocean plays a key role in our world. ⁠ ocean offer us sufficient food， ⁠. 4. 当他因优秀的表现被授予一等奖时，他留下了兴奋的泪水。(状 语从句的省略) ，he shed tears of excitement. Not only does　 but also it maintains the balance of nature　 When awarded the first prize for his excellent performance　 核心考点　互动探究 1. admire vt.钦佩；欣赏 ①(2021·浙江卷)The ⁠ (admire) and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career in acting. ②But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an ⁠ (admire) commitment. ③I don’t agree with her，but I admire her ⁠ her sticking to her principles. ④我因他在事业方面的成功而钦佩他。(一句多译) a.I ⁠ his success in business.(admire) b.I ⁠ his success in business.(admiration) admiration　 admirable　 for　 admire him for　 have admiration for him for　 (1)admire sb. for (doing) sth.因(做)某事羡慕某人 (2)admiration n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 have admiration for sb./sth.羡慕/钦佩某人/物 (3)admirable adj.令人钦佩的；极其出色的 2. cure vt.治愈，治好(疾病) n.疗法；治疗 ①Scientists around the world are working to discover a cure ⁠ AIDS. ②Nothing could cure her ⁠ her impatience with Anna. ③Most skin cancers are completely ⁠ (cure) if detected in the early stages. ④医生保证这药一定能治好我的牙痛。 The doctor promised that the medicine would surely ⁠ ⁠. for　 of　 curable　 cure me of my toothache　 (1)a cure for...针对……的治疗(法) cure sb./a disease治愈某人/治愈某种疾病 cure sb.of sth.治愈某人的疾病/改掉某 人的恶习 (2)curable adj.可治愈的 3. generous adj.无私的；慷慨的；大方的 ①Although he was poor，he was quite generous ⁠ his needy friends. ②He got a fine fame for being generous ⁠ his money to help others. ③He said he was deeply touched by the country，its people and their ⁠ (generous). ④Not being a rich man himself，he helped the poor ⁠ (generous). to　 with　 generosity　 generously　 ⑤你昨天借给我你的书真是太慷慨了，我真是感激不尽。(感谢信) It ⁠ to lend me your book yesterday and I appreciate it more than I can say. was very generous of you　 (1)be generous to sb.对某人慷慨/大方 be generous with sth.对……大方/不吝啬 It is generous of sb.to do sth.某人做某事真是太大方了 (2)generosity n.慷慨；大方 (3)generously adv.慷慨地；宽大地；丰盛地 4. honour n.荣誉vt.感到荣幸 ①He is an (honour) man，who is dedicated to the people and the education cause. ②She was honoured ⁠ her work in promoting friendship between the two countries. ③He has been honoured ⁠ a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty. ④Our country holds special ceremony ⁠ honour of those outstanding scientists every year. honourable　 for　 as　 in　 ⑤Two scientists were honoured ⁠ the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology last week. ⑥我很荣幸被邀请在这里发表演讲。(一句多译) a.It ⁠ here to give a speech.(honour) b.I ⁠ here to give a speech.(honoured) with　 is my honour to be invited　 feel/am honoured to be invited　 (1)in honour of为向……表示敬意；为了纪念…… have the honour to do/of doing...有幸做…… It is one’s honour to do sth.做某事是某人的荣幸 (2)be honoured for...因……而受到尊敬/获得荣誉 be honoured as...被尊为…… be honoured with被授予…… be/feel honoured to do sth.做某事感到荣幸 (3)honourable adj.可敬的，值得钦佩的，品格高尚的；体面的 5. limited adj.有限的 ①[新人教必修三]This training is designed for anyone who has ⁠ (limit) knowledge of outdoor survival. ②Walking upright challenges the human bone structure， and ⁠ (limit) the size of brains. ③In my opinion，taking cell phones with the students should not be banned，but ⁠ (limit) to certain areas. ④In my opinion，we should limit our expense ⁠ what we can afford. limited　 limits　 limited　 to　 ⑤一个人的生命是有限的，但是为人民服务是无限的。 one’s life，but ⁠ the people. There is a limit to　 no limit to serving　 (1)limit n.限度；限制；极限；界限；边界 vt.限制；限定 set a limit to/on...对……加以限制 over the limit超出限制/范围 within limits 在某种程度上，有一定限制 limit...to...把……限定在……范围内 There is a/no limit to...……是有限/无限的 (2)limitation n.限制，制约；局限性；规定 6. judge vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断 n.法官；审判员；裁判员 ①[新北师大选择性必修一]Competitors should ⁠ (judge) on their pronunciation，clarity and fluency，and also progression of ideas and audience engagement. ②She showed a lack of ⁠ (judge) when she gave Mark the important job. ③ (judge) from the above story，we can draw the conclusion that we shouldn’t judge a book ⁠ its cover. ④I think the housing market will remain stable in the near future. → ，the housing market will remain stable in the near future.(judge) be judged　 judgement　 Judging　 by/from　 As far as I can judge　 (1)judge...from/by...从……来判断…… judging by/from从……上看；根据……判断 as far as I can judge据我判断；我认为 (2)judgement n.裁决；评价 7. respect n.& vt.尊敬；敬佩；尊重 n.方面；敬意；问候 ①China is developing very rapidly in all ⁠ (respect) and we’re all proud of our motherland. ②Show your roommate that you have respect ⁠ his or her belongings. ③(2022·全国甲卷)The realization that this is a precious land，to ⁠ (respect) by humans，was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. respects　 for　 be respected　 ④Because the old professor was respected by everyone，he decided to make great contributions to the country. → ，the old professor decided to make great contributions to the country.(with复合结构) With everyone respecting him　 (1)respect sb.for sth.因某事而尊重某人 (2)have/show respect for sb.尊重某人 out of respect for...出于对……的尊敬；顾及…… give/send one’s respects to sb.向某人表示敬意 in all/many respects 在各个方面/在许多方面 (3)respectable adj.体面的；正派的；受人尊敬的；令人满意的 8. independent adj.独立的，自主的 ①[新译林必修一改编]We have both a new desire for ⁠ (independent) and a continued need for our parents’ love and support. ②Don’t worry.You can depend on that he’ll turn up on time.He always keeps his promise. ③Jim is always late，so you cannot depend on him ⁠ ⁠ (come) on time. independence　 it　 to come/coming　 ④We don’t know whether we will hold the sports meeting.This depends on the weather. → ⁠ depends on the weather.(主语从句) Whether we will hold the sports meeting　 (1)depend v.依靠，依赖 depend on sb./rely on sb.相信/依靠某人 depend on sb. depend on it that...指望……，相信…… That/It (all) depends.视情况而定。 (2)dependence n.依靠，依赖 dependent adj.依靠的，依赖的 (3)independence n.独立，自主 9. strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken) 突然发生(某种不幸)；突然 有坏的影响；侵袭；突击；击，打；敲；(使)突然想起 n.罢工；罢 课；袭击 ①(2021·浙江卷) ⁠ strikes me most is that their gifts for art are extremely shocking. ②A snowball struck him on ⁠ back of the head. ③Last month，thousands of workers in that city went ⁠ strike to get a pay rise. What　 the　 on　 ④ ⁠ strikes me that nobody is in favour of the changes. ⑤I was struck by his inspiring words，and I decided to make efforts to improve my English. 　→ ，I decided to make efforts to improve my English.(过去分词短语作状语) Struck by his inspiring words　 It　 (1)sth.strikes sb.某人突然想到某事 It strikes sb.that某人想到…… (2)be struck by...被……打动；迷恋…… (3)strike sb.in/on＋the＋身体部位 打某人的某部位 (4)be/go on strike 在/举行罢工 10. design n.设计；设计方案 vt.计划，设计；筹划 ①[新外研选择性必修三]This approach studies nature’s ⁠ (design) and processes to seek solutions to human problems. ②Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed ⁠ (help) them succeed academically and personally. ③ (design) a splendid hotel，Mr.Huxley has no time for relaxation these days. ④Whether chance or design，it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. designs　 to help　 Designing　 by　 by　 ⑤This project was designed to help the students in need.But it just didn’t work out as planned. →This project just didn’t work out as planned.(过去分词短语作定语) →This project ⁠ just didn’t work out as planned.(定语从句) designed to help the students in need　 which/that was designed to help the students in need　 (1)design sth.for...为……而设计或计划某物 be designed for.../to do sth.目的是…… (2)by design (＝on purpose) 故意地；蓄意地 by accident/chance偶然地 11. come across 偶遇；偶然发现 ①She’s trying to come up ⁠ a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. ②He came ⁠ an old photo of his father while searching the drawer. ③How did it come ⁠ that humans speak so many different languages？ ④His new novel which took him 5 years to finish has just come ⁠. ⑤谈到艺术，我几乎一无所知。 ，I almost know nothing. with　 across　 about　 out　 When it comes to art　 come about 发生 come on 出场，登台；改善；加油，加把劲；开始 come out 出现；开花；出版，发行；显出 come to 谈到；达到；被想到 come up (太阳)升起；发生；被提及 come up with 找到/提出(答案、办法等) when it comes to...当谈到……时 12. due to由于，因为 ①[新外研必修一改编]The success of Chinese Women’s volleyball team is due ⁠ the cooperation between team members. ②(2021·北京卷)It is also highly popular due ⁠ the individualized effects on stress and anxiety. ③The English version of the novel is due to ⁠ (publish) next year. ④The bus should have arrived at 5 p.m.，but it arrived one hour late due to ⁠ (hold) up by the heavy fog. to　 to　 be published　 being held　 ⑤Because of my English teacher’s help，my English scores are always on the top of my class.(同义句改写) → ，my English scores are always on the top of my class. [特别提醒]　当due意为“由于；因……造成；应给予”时，后接to sb./sth.，其中的to是介词，并且在句中常常作表语或状语；当due to 意为“预定/预期”时，后常接不定式，其中的to为不定式符号。 be due to sb.应付给某人；应归于某人 be due to do sth.预定/预期做某事 Due to my English teacher’s help　 13. The reason why...was that...“……的原因是……” [教材原句]　 this was difficult ⁠ the team had limited resources.之所以困难，是因为该小组的资源有限。 ①[新译林必修一]The reason people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work. ②Is this the reason ⁠ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？ ③When asked about the reason winning the competition，he owed his success to his mother. The reason why　 was that　 why　 that/which　 for　 ④We are late.That’s ⁠ we were held up in the traffic jam. ⑤People carry umbrellas on hot summer days.That’s because the hot sun may be harmful to the exposed skin. → ⁠ the hot sun may be harmful to the exposed skin.(合并升级为why 引导的定语从句) [特别提醒]　the reason后的定语从句的引导词用why/for which还是 用that/which，取决于其在定语从句中所承担的句子成分。缺少主 语、宾语、表语用that或which；缺少状语用why或for which。 because　 The reason why people carry umbrellas on hot summer days is that　 (1)含reason的常见句式： ①the reason for (doing) sth.is/was that... ②the reason why/for which...is/was that... ③the reason that/which＋定语从句＋is/was that... (2)That/This is because...“那/这是因为……”，because引导的表语 从句表示原因。 (3)That/This is why...“这就是……的原因”，why引导的表语从句 表示结果。 14. not only...but also...连接并列的句子结构 [教材原句]　Thus， ⁠ is he known as a superhero in the Superman films， he is ⁠ regarded as a superhero to many in real life.因此，他不仅在《超人》电影中被称为超级英雄， 而且在现实生活中也被许多人视为超级英雄。 ①(2023·浙江1月卷改编)A machine can now not only beat you at chess， ⁠ it can also outperform you in debate. not only　 but　 also　 but　 ②Not only ⁠ he plan to find 40 twins before his 40th birthday，but also he intends to write a book according to his experience. ③As far as I’m concerned，not only he but also you ⁠ (be) wrong. ④By doing so，I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly. →By doing so，not only ⁠ but also I can learn to express myself clearly.(倒装句) does　 are　 can I share good ideas with others　 (1)not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”，连接并列成分， 其中的also有时可以省略。当not only 位于句首时，not only 后面的 句子要用部分倒装结构，but also部分应该用正常语序。 (2)not only...but also...连接两个并列的成分作主语时，其后的谓语动 词与靠近的主语保持一致。 跟踪检测　运用提升 层级一 核心知识精准练 过基础 维度1　单句语法填空 1. (2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)He also (design) an eco- machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China. 2. (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)While David was the last runner to reach the finish line，judges awarded Encouragement Prize to him ⁠ his strong will and determination. designed　 for　 3. (2021·全国乙卷)Due ⁠ the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel，various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. 4. (2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵 送) a lot more blood during exercise. 5. (2021·北京卷)When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would ⁠ (eventual) be in the hands of an Iraqi child. to　 that　 eventually　 6. (2021·北京卷)Even (advance) physics can’t decisively tell us what time is，because the answer depends on the question you’re asking. 7. This crisis is ⁠ (potential) the most serious in the organisation’s history. 8. The ⁠ (impress) permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives. advanced　 potentially　 impressive　 9. At the core of Lancom is a world-class ⁠ (effect) method that enhances language learning with advanced technology. 10. Tens of millions of people in Africa and Asia can see because of the ⁠ (commit) Wilson made to preventing the preventable. effective　 commitment　 维度2　一词多义 1. ①(2021·浙江6月卷)During the training stage，each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person’s face. ⁠ ②As he was getting onto the stage，Dan closed his eyes and took a deep breath to rid himself of his fears. ⁠ ③My aunt decided to stage a series of performances of a one- act play. ⁠ A. n.舞台 B. n.阶段，步骤 C. vt.& vi.上演；举行 B　 A　 C　 2. ①Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (废品场)，the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. ⁠ ②An estimated 5，000 people marched through the city to demonstrate against the factory closures. ⁠ A. vi.游行示威 B. n.抗议游行；示威游行 C. n.进展 C　 A　 3. ①(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. ⁠ ②I have a very high regard for him and what he has achieved. ⁠ A. n.尊重 B. n.问候 C. vt.看作，认为 C　 A　 维度3　完成句子/一句多译/句式升级 1. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)英文报Youth中的许多专栏是专门为高中生 设计的，旨在丰富我们单调的校园生活。 Many columns of the English newspaper Youth ⁠ senior high school students and they ⁠ our boring campus life. are specially designed for　 are designed to enrich　 2. 能有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到非常荣幸。 ① ⁠ to have the opportunity to deliver a speech here.(it作形式主语) ② ⁠ to have the opportunity to deliver a speech here.(it作形式宾语) ③ ⁠ to have the opportunity to deliver a speech here.(honour vt.) It is my great honour　 I feel it a great honour　 I feel/am greatly honoured　 3. Because I was struck by what he had done for me，I couldn’t contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks. → ，I couldn’t contain myself， tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(过去分词短语作状语) 4. If I am accepted，I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors.It can help them know more about Chinese culture. → ，I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors， ⁠ .(省略句；合并升级为定语从句) Struck by what he had done for me　 If accepted　 which can help them know more about Chinese culture　 5. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The English newspaper Youth not only enriches my boring campus life but also strengthens my learning ability. → ⁠ but it also strengthens my learning ability.(倒装句) Not only does the English newspaper Youth enrich my boring campus life　 层级二 必备素养提升练 提能力 提能1　应用文写作 　　根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确 形式完成下面的语篇。 ① (前几天)，our history teacher took us to visit a museum.The exhibits were so ② (精美和 令人印象深刻) that we all ③ (情绪激 昂地欣赏).When we were enjoying the exhibits，our teacher served as the narrator giving us detailed lecture on the development of Chinese history and expressed his viewpoints on how to divide Chinese history into ④ (不同阶段).Suddenly，an oil painting，which shows Chinese people fighting for peace and independence，caught our eye. The other day　 elegant and impressive　 admired them passionately　 different stages　 ⑤ ⁠ (毫无疑问) we were happy to have such a vivid lesson，one that made us not only review what we had learned in class ⑥ ⁠ (而且也使我们为祖国五千多年的伟大历史文化感到骄傲). but also feel proud of our motherland’s great historical culture of more than five thousand years There is no doubt that　 提能2　读后续写微练 Step 1.储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇) 情感描 写 admire vt.钦佩；欣赏 honour vt.感到荣幸 respect vt.尊敬；敬佩 passionate adj.热爱的，酷爱的 inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 depression n.抑郁症；沮丧，忧郁，消沉 What a shame！真遗憾！ 动作描写 pick out挑选 protest vt.& vi.抗议；反对 award vt.授予，颁发；给予 n.奖 strike vt.& vi.打，击；突然发生(某种不幸)；突然有坏的影响 undertake vt.着手做，承担 gain vt.获得；赢得 n.好处；利益 环境描写 stage n.舞台 academy n.学院；研究院 peaceful adj.和平的，祥和的 Step 2.续写练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段) 　　请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇完成以下语段， 然后核对答 案并背诵该语段。 在我们学院的报告厅里，一场颁奖典礼在愉快、祥和的气氛中 举行。优秀的学生感到很荣幸在舞台上被授予这些奖项。我非常钦 佩他们，我想象自己是他们中的一员。一时间，我情绪低落，脸因 尴尬而发红。然后我突然想到，我应该着手努力学习，争取一个站 在舞台上的机会！毕竟，正如俗话说：“一分耕耘，一分收获。” In the lecture hall of ， ⁠ was held ⁠.Outstanding students ⁠.So much ⁠ that I imagined myself being one of them.For a while I was overcome with ⁠ and my face flushed with embarrassment.Then it ⁠ ⁠ to stand on the stage！ After all，as an old saying goes，“ ， ⁠ .” our academy　 an award ceremony　 in a happy and peaceful atmosphere　 felt honoured to be given these prizes on the stage　 did I admire them　 depression　 struck me that I should undertake to study hard to gain an opportunity　 No pains　 no gains　 精读真题提素养/在语篇集训中拓展单元主题 •阅读理解(2023·全国乙卷·A) PRACTITIONERS 　　Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.Born to a Jewish family in Florence，she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor，she was banned from medicine. 　　 　　Tan Yunxian (1461—1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However，Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511， Tan wrote a book，Sayings of a Female Doctor，describing her life as a physician. 　　 　　James Barry (c.1789—1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but，dressed as a man，she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813，then joined the British Army，serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859，having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. 　 　　Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831—1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860.Four years later，she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865， where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四位女医生。 21. What did Jacqueline and James have in common？ A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians. C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据Jacqueline Felice de Almania中的“she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery”和 James Barry中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”可知，这两个人的共同之处就是她们都做手术。故选C。 22. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners？ A. She wrote a book. B. She went through trials. C. She worked as a dentist. D. She had formal education. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian部分的介绍可知，谈允贤从小跟着爷 爷奶奶学医，并通过了官方的考试，一生中为各行各业的女性诊 疗。她还写了一本名为《女医杂言》的书，记录了自己的女医生 涯。其他三个医生的介绍中并未提到写书。故选A。 23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree？ A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian. C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler中的“she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree”可知，丽贝卡·李·克鲁普勒是第一个获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。 【词汇识记】 1. practitioner n.专业人员；(尤指医学或法律界的)从业人员 2. highlight v.突出；强调 n.最好(或最精彩、最激动人心)的部分 3. suspicion n.怀疑 4. physician n.医生 5. unlawfully adv.非法地 6. qualify v.取得资格(或学历)；合格 7. surgery n.外科手术；外科学；诊室 8. court n.法院；法庭；(网球等的)球场 9. ban sb.from (doing) sth.禁止某人(做)某事 10. from all walks of life来自社会各界 11. be dressed as打扮成 12. in spite of 尽管 13. describe vt.描述，描写→description n.描述，描写 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) 1. Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. ⁠ ⁠ 2. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. ⁠ 3. In spite of the court hearing testimonials of her ability as a doctor， she was banned from medicine. ⁠ 4. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships with doctors. ⁠ 5. Tan treated women from all walks of life. ⁠ 从事(职业)；(医务工作、法律 专业等)执业　 审判，审理　 审理　 担任；度过　 治疗　 【难句分析】 Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. [译文选择] A. 杰奎琳·菲利斯·阿尔曼尼亚(约1322年)强调了要让行医女性面临 怀疑。 B. 杰奎琳·菲利斯·阿尔曼尼亚(约1322年)强调了行医女性所面临的 怀疑。 (　B　) B [结构分析] that women practicing medicine faced是定语从句，修饰the suspicion；practicing medicine是现在分词短语作 women的定语。 课时作业　巩固提升 主题语篇素养强化 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·河北衡水期中)Known today as “Father of the Blood Bank”，Dr.Charles Drew was a key pioneer in developing ways to store and transport blood. In 1950，at age 45，Drew suffered serious injuries in a car crash in North Carolina.Surgeons at a nearby hospital were unable to save him. His daughter，Charlene Jarvis，was just 8 years old when her father died.Charlene and her son Ernest Jarvis remembered Drew’s legacy (遗产) and his lifelong “drive for excellence” in a recent interview. Ernest asked his mother how much she knew about the work her father was doing when she was growing up.“I must say that I didn’t know a lot about what my father was doing until he died，” said Charlene. She was in school on the day of her dad’s funeral.“My mother felt that it was better that we didn’t attend the funeral，” she said. Yet Charlene bore witness to how much respect other people had for her father.“When the funeral procession left，it went by my school，” she said.“I saw the cars going by and the cars went by， and they went by.And I was simply astonished that there were so many people who respected him.” Dr.Drew was appointed director of the American Red Cross’s first blood bank in 1941，which oversaw blood for use by the US Army and Navy.He went on the following year to work at Freedmen’s Hospital in Washington，D. C. —now known as Howard University Hospital—as chief of surgery and as a professor of medicine.Drew was also a famous teaching surgeon who trained many surgeons in his time.“It’s a great thing to think that he has done so much in such a little bit of time，” Charlene said.“I think I call him Dr.Drew because it is respectful.A man of the ages is not someone who is called ‘Daddy’.” Charlene，following in her father’s scientific footsteps，became a neuroscientist (神经学家).“Drew’s drive for excellence was something that all of us felt，” she said.Ernest told his mum that he will pass on their conversations about his grandfather’s legacy to his children so that they can tell their children.They will all know that Dr.Drew ⁠ a path for them. blazed　 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过查尔斯·德 鲁博士女儿的回忆，描述了查尔斯·德鲁在医学方面的重大贡献及 其对家人的影响。 1. What can we learn from Charlene Jarvis’s description in paragraph 3？ A. The traffic conditions were terrible then. B. Her father was deeply loved by people. C. She hoped young people could learn from her father. D. She regretted about missing her father’s funeral. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘When the funeral procession left，it went by my school，’she said.‘I saw the cars going by and the cars went by，and they went by.And I was simply astonished that there were so many people who respected him.’(‘送葬队伍离开时，经过了我的学校，’她说。‘我看到不断有车经过。我很惊讶居然有这么多人尊敬他’)”可知，许多人参加了她父亲的葬礼，说明她父亲是一位受到大家热爱和尊敬的人。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. What does the underlined word “blazed” in the last paragraph refer to？ A. Developed. B. Followed. C. Left. D. Took. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。根据最后一段可知，查尔斯·德鲁的女儿也跟随父亲 的脚步成了一名科学家，他的孙辈也会践行他的信条，跟随他的脚 步，他为其后代树立了典范，开拓了道路。故“blazed”应表示 “带头，开拓”的意思。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. What do we know about Dr.Charles Drew？ A. He wasn’t widely recognized until recently. B. He was killed because of serious bleeding. C. His family were greatly influenced by him. D. His son was brought up by Charlene Jarvis. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，沙琳在父亲的影响下也成了一名 科学家，他的孙辈也会践行他的信条，跟随他的脚步，德鲁医生对 其家人有重大的影响。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ A. The Brief History of Blood Banking B. The Grand Funeral of Charles Drew C. The Family Ties and Work of Charles Drew D. The Deeds and Influences of Charles Drew 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 标题归纳题。根据第一段“Known today as ‘Father of the Blood Bank’，Dr.Charles Drew was a key pioneer in developing ways to store and transport blood.(今天被称为‘血库之父’的查尔斯·德鲁博士是开 发储存和运输血液方法的关键先驱)”和第四段沙琳对父亲的工作 的描述以及最后一段最后一句“They will all know that Dr.Drew blazed a path for them.(他们都会知道德鲁医生为他们开辟了一条道 路)”可知，本文主要通过查尔斯·德鲁博士女儿的回忆，描述了他 在医学方面的重大贡献及其对家人的影响。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B (2023·广东揭阳测试)Mary Lyon was a leader in women’s education in the nineteenth century.It was a time when women’s education was not considered important in the United States.States did require each town to provide a school for children，but there were not enough teachers.Most young women were not able to continue their education.If they did，they often were not taught much except the French language，how to sew clothing，and music. Mary Lyon felt that women’s education was extremely important. She believed women were teachers both in the home and in the classroom. Mary opened a school for young women in the village of Buckland. She suggested new ways of teaching，including holding discussion groups for students. Then，Mary began to raise money for her dream school for the higher education of women.This school would own its own property，guided by an independent group of directors.Its finances would be the responsibility of the directors.It would not depend on any one person to continue. And，the students would share in cleaning and cooking to keep costs down.In 1837，Mary Lyon opened Mount Holyoke Seminary for Women. In 1893，44 years after her death，under a state law，Mount Holyoke Female Seminary became the first college to offer women the same kind of education as men. Mary’s efforts led to the spread of higher education for women in the United States.Her influence lasted as the many students from her schools went out to teach others. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Mary Lyon在 19世纪美国女性教育方面所做出的贡献。 5. What was American women’s problem with education in the 19th century？ A. They had no chance to continue their education. B. They had few choices about the subjects. C. The government paid no attention to education. D. Teachers were careless about teaching. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Most young women were not able to continue their education.If they did，they often were not taught much except the French language，how to sew clothing，and music.(大多数 年轻妇女无法继续她们的教育。即使有，除了法语、如何缝制衣服 和音乐之外，她们通常也没有什么东西可学)”可知，在19世纪， 美国女性在学习的学科方面没有多少选择的余地。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. What can we learn from paragraph 2？ A. Mary thought little of women’s education. B. Mary preferred women to be educated at home. C. Mary attached importance to women’s education. D. Group discussions were not held in Mary’s school. 答案：C 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Mary Lyon认为女性的教育极 其重要，并开办了女子学校，说明她重视女性的教育。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. What was Mary’s dream school like？ A. It would depend on some important person. B. It would have very strict rules. C. It would be independent in finance. D. It would be owned by the government. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第三段中“This school would own its own property，guided by an independent group of directors. Its finances would be the responsibility of the directors. It would not depend on any one person to continue.(这所学校将拥有自己的财产，由一个独立的董事小组指导。它的财务将由董事负 责。它不会依靠任何一个人继续下去)”可知，Mary理想中的学校在资金上是独立的。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. Why did Mary have such a lasting impact on Americans？ A. She set up the first college. B. She made women equal to men. C. She helped to pass American education law. D. She improved American women’s education. 答案：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Mary改善了美国女性的教育状 况，所以她对美国人有如此持久的影响。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。悖论不仅存在于哲学辩论 中，也存在于我们的日常生活中，接受“悖论观念”可以提高生产 力和创造力。 (2023·东北师范大学附属中学检测)The chicken or the egg—which came first？ It’s probably one of the most commonly cited paradoxes—a chicken hatches from an egg，so the egg came first，right？ 　1　The two ideas seem contradictory，and that’s exactly what a paradox is—a problem that seemingly has no definitive solution and can’t be logically solved. 1 2 3 4 5 A. But then what laid the egg？ B. However，some say the chicken came first as it laid the egg. C. If it worked for Einstein，maybe it could be good for you too. D. And paradoxes don’t just exist in philosophical debates but also in our daily lives. E. Studies have found that the application of a paradox can bring enormous benefits. F. If you embrace just one of those realities and ignore the other，it can cause problems. G. A 1996 study of geniuses found those thinkers spent time considering opposites and antitheses. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文中的“The chicken or the egg—which came first？ It’s probably one of the most commonly cited paradoxes—a chicken hatches from an egg，so the egg came first，right？(先有鸡还是先有蛋？这可能是最常被引用的悖论之一——鸡是从蛋里孵出来的，所以先有蛋，对吧？)”可知，此处是讨论先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题，所以选项A“那是什么下的蛋呢？”切合文意。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5  　2　How can work be flexible but maintain structure？ How can we switch off if we’re working from home？ Two contrasting ideas could cause people stress，but what if we accept the contradiction and change the way we look at it？ This is what some experts call the “paradox mindset”. 1 2 3 4 5 A. But then what laid the egg？ B. However，some say the chicken came first as it laid the egg. C. If it worked for Einstein，maybe it could be good for you too. D. And paradoxes don’t just exist in philosophical debates but also in our daily lives. E. Studies have found that the application of a paradox can bring enormous benefits. F. If you embrace just one of those realities and ignore the other，it can cause problems. G. A 1996 study of geniuses found those thinkers spent time considering opposites and antitheses. 答案： D 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文中的“How can work be flexible but maintain structure？ How can we switch off if we’re working from home？(如何在保持工 作结构的同时保持工作的灵活性？如果我们在家工作，我们怎么才 算下班呢？)”可知，此处是指悖论也存在于日常生活中，所以选 项D“悖论不仅存在于哲学辩论中，也存在于我们的日常生活中” 切合文义。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 A paradox consists of two realities that exist at the same time— even though that seems impossible. 　3　 For example，embracing change may lead to burn-out，while embracing stability may lead to boredom. 1 2 3 4 5 A. But then what laid the egg？ B. However，some say the chicken came first as it laid the egg. C. If it worked for Einstein，maybe it could be good for you too. D. And paradoxes don’t just exist in philosophical debates but also in our daily lives. E. Studies have found that the application of a paradox can bring enormous benefits. F. If you embrace just one of those realities and ignore the other，it can cause problems. G. A 1996 study of geniuses found those thinkers spent time considering opposites and antitheses. 答案： F 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文中的“For example，embracing change may lead to burn- out，while embracing stability may lead to boredom.(例如，拥抱变化可能会导致倦怠，而拥抱稳定可能会导致无聊)”和上文“A paradox consists of two realities that exist at the same time—even though that seems impossible.(悖论是由同时存在的两种现实构成 的——尽管这似乎是不可能的)”可知，此处是讲如果只选择悖论 的一面就会带来问题，所以选项F“如果你只接受其中一种现实而忽视另一种，就会引发问题”切合文义。故选F。 1 2 3 4 5 Some experts have found the acceptance of both realities and a willingness to embrace them can improve both creativity and productivity by allowing you to navigate a path through the contradictions. 　4　Consider Einstein. The theory of relativity was born out of the paradox that something could be moving and stationary at the same time，depending on the perspective. 1 2 3 4 5 A. But then what laid the egg？ B. However，some say the chicken came first as it laid the egg. C. If it worked for Einstein，maybe it could be good for you too. D. And paradoxes don’t just exist in philosophical debates but also in our daily lives. E. Studies have found that the application of a paradox can bring enormous benefits. F. If you embrace just one of those realities and ignore the other，it can cause problems. G. A 1996 study of geniuses found those thinkers spent time considering opposites and antitheses. 答案： G 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文中的“Consider Einstein.The theory of relativity was born out of the paradox that something could be moving and stationary at the same time，depending on the perspective.(想想爱因斯坦。相对论诞生于一个悖论，即某物可以同时处于运动和静止状态，这取决于观察角度)”和上文中的“Some experts have found the acceptance of both realities and a willingness to embrace them can improve both creativity and productivity by allowing you to navigate a path through the contradictions. 1 2 3 4 5 (一些专家发现，接受这两种现实并愿意接受它们，可以让你在矛盾中找到一条路，从而提高创造力和生产力)”可知，此处是讲天才往往会接受悖论，并激发出无穷的创造力和生产力，所以选项G“1996年一项针对天才的研究发现，这些思考者会花时间思考对 立面和对照面”切合文义。故选G。 1 2 3 4 5 So，having a “paradox mindset” and accepting the bigger picture may help you better understand problems.It could also make you happier knowing that contradictions exist.As a result，it may lead you to improve your productivity and creativity. 　5　. 1 2 3 4 5 A. But then what laid the egg？ B. However，some say the chicken came first as it laid the egg. C. If it worked for Einstein，maybe it could be good for you too. D. And paradoxes don’t just exist in philosophical debates but also in our daily lives. E. Studies have found that the application of a paradox can bring enormous benefits. F. If you embrace just one of those realities and ignore the other，it can cause problems. G. A 1996 study of geniuses found those thinkers spent time considering opposites and antitheses. 答案： C 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文中的“So，having a ‘paradox mindset’ and accepting the bigger picture may help you better understand problems.It could also make you happier knowing that contradictions exist.As a result，it may lead you to improve your productivity and creativity.(因此，拥有‘悖论 观念’并接受更大的图景可能会帮助你更好地理解问题。知道矛盾 的存在也会让你更快乐。因此，它可能会导致你提高你的生产力和 创造力)”可知，此处是指接受“悖论观念”会给人带来好处，所 以选项C“如果它对爱因斯坦有效，也许对你也有好处”切合文 义。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道的是历史 上独自划船横渡大西洋的最年轻女性——Jasmine Harrison创造 纪录的事迹。 (2023·南昌外国语学校测试)Last Saturday morning，Jasmine Harrison became the youngest woman to row alone across the Atlantic. Every year，rowers 1. 　　　　　　 (take) part in the Atlantic Campaign set off from the Canary Islands in December and row roughly 3，000 miles across the Atlantic.Some handle the rowing in teams of two，three，or four.Others，like Ms.Harrison，row by 2. 　　　　　. (they). 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：每年12月，参加大西洋帆船赛的桨手们 都会从加那利群岛出发，横渡大西洋，行程约3 000英里。分析句 子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词rowers，结合句意 可知，take part in与所修饰词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以此处 使用现在分词形式。故填taking。 答案：taking 2. 考查代词。句意：还有其他人，比如Harrison，则是自己划船。 分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语by oneself，意为“独自”，所 以应使用反身代词themselves。 答案：themselves It wasn’t easy.Every day，Ms.Harrison would row for about 12 hours，pushing her 550-pound boat across the ocean.Ms.Harrison had a satellite phone 3. 　　　　　　 allowed her to talk with family and friends every day.But things got a little 4. 　　　　　　 (hard) after her speaker fell in the water and she could no longer listen to her music.There was danger，too.Twice，her boat 5. 　　　　　　 (turn) over in the night by large waves.The second time，she hurt her elbow quite badly.Another time，she 6. 　　　　　　 (near) ran into a ship. 3. 考查定语从句。句意：Harrison女士有一部卫星电话，可以让她 每天与家人和朋友通话。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的 定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处应使用关系代词，先行词a satellite phone指的是物，所以使用which或者that。故填which/that。 答案：which/that 4. 考查比较级。句意：但在她的扬声器掉进水里之后，事情变得有 点困难了，她再也听不到她的音乐了。分析句子结构可知，此处为 形容词作表语，结合句意以及空前的a little可知，此处应使用形容 词的比较级。故填harder。 答案：harder 5. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：她的船两次在夜里被大浪掀 翻。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上文中的谓语动词 was以及下文中的谓语动词hurt以及ran可知，此处应使用一般过去 时，turn over与句子主语her boat之间为被动关系，且句子主语为第 三人称单数。故填was turned。 答案：was turned 6. 考查副词。句意：还有一次，她差点撞上一艘船。分析句子结构 可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词ran，near的副词为nearly，意为 “几乎”，符合句意。故填nearly。 答案：nearly Somehow，she kept going.On February 20，after 70 days，3 hours and 48 minutes，she reached the island of Antigua—the end of the journey.When 7. 　　　　　　 (ask) what she was most looking forward to，she said，“Food.Definitely food.” She celebrated her 8. 　　　　　　 (arrive) with a hamburger and fries. 7. 考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及她最期待什么时，她说： “食物。绝对的食物。”分析句子结构可知，此处为状语从句的省 略结构，时间状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且谓语动词中含 有be动词时，可以省略“主语和be动词”，此处的ask与she之间为 被动关系，所以应使用过去分词形式。故填asked。 答案：asked 8. 考查词性转换。句意：她用汉堡包和薯条庆祝她到达终点。分析 句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，arrive的名词形式为arrival，意 为“到达”，符合句意，且为不可数名词。故填arrival。 答案：arrival Ms.Harrison’s rowing effort 9. 　　　　　　 (make) her the youngest woman ever to row across the Atlantic— 10. 　　　　　　. any ocean.But Ms.Harrison’s trip didn’t just set a record，it also raised over ￡18，500 for two charities. 9. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：Harrison女士的努力使她成 为有史以来划船横渡大西洋或任何海洋的最年轻的女性。分析句子 结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处描述的是过去的 动作对现在造成的影响，所以此处应使用现在完成时，make与句 子主语Ms.Harrison’s rowing effort之间为主动关系，且句子主语为 第三人称单数。故填has made。 答案：has made 10. 考查连词。句意见上题解析。分析句子结构可知，此处为并列 连词连接两个并列短语，结合句意可知，the Atlantic与any ocean之 间为选择关系，所以此处应使用并列连词or，意为“或”，符合句 意。故填or。 答案：or 语言运用综合提升 Ⅰ.完形填空 (2023·浙江诸暨检测)Wearing a caveman mask (面具)，Dr.Marzluff walks across the camp at the university.Crows (乌鸦) circle and scream. They dive at him and then suddenly fly away. Beneath the mask，he smiles.Days before，he and his students had  　1　 cavemen masks，caught crows and  　2　 plastic bands on to their legs.Then they released the  　3　 birds. “We always knew crows  　4　 us，but could we show it？” says Dr.Marzluff，a professor known affectionately as the Crowman. When the researchers walked around campus without masks，the crows they had caught and banded didn’t  　5　 to them.But when the  　6　 humans walked by while wearing the masks，the crows scolded (责骂) loudly and dived at their “ 　7　”.The birds had remembered their  　8　！ “Crows are constantly  　9　 us，” Dr.Marzluff says.“They look，they think，they eyeball you， 　10　 the situation.” At first，only the banded birds reacted  　11　 to the people in masks.But in later tests，an increasing number of crows began scolding them，even when the banded birds were not around.The birds had  　12. from one another.Dr.Marzluff and his team followed banded crows for a year and  　13　 that adults even pass this information to their  　14　. Dr.Marzluff’s experiments led him to study how crows’  　15　. work. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Marzluff 博士和他的团队研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。他们将乌鸦的腿 绑上塑料带子，然后放了乌鸦，同时对捆绑的乌鸦进行跟踪，发现 乌鸦能认出他们的脸，同时发现成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给 幼年乌鸦。 1. A. picked out B. put on C. searched for D. taken off 答案：B 句意：几天前，他和他的学生们戴上了山顶洞人的面具，抓住了乌 鸦，并在它们的腿上绑上了塑料带子。A. picked out挑选出；B. put on穿上；C. searched for搜寻；D. taken off脱下。由上文“Wearing a caveman mask”可知，此处指戴上面具，故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. A. dropped B. stepped C. pressed D. tied 答案：D 句意见上题解析。A. dropped掉落；B. stepped迈；C. pressed按， 压；D. tied系上。由下文“the crows they had caught and banded”可知，在乌鸦的腿上绑上了塑料带子，故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. A. unhappy B. beautiful C. white D. rare 答案：A 句意：然后他们放了这些不开心的鸟。A. unhappy不高兴的；B. beautiful漂亮的；C. white白色的；D. rare稀少的。由上文中的 caught crows和下文中的“the crows scolded loudly...”可知，乌鸦被捕，所以不开心，故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. A. hate B. attack C. recognize D. contact 答案：C 句意：“我们一直知道乌鸦能认出我们，但我们能表现出来 吗？”。A. hate讨厌；B. attack攻击；C. recognize识别；D. contact 联系。由下文“the crows scolded loudly”和实验内容可知，研究人 员戴上面具在乌鸦腿上绑上塑料带子，然后将它们放了，之后戴上 面具后，发现乌鸦攻击他们，这说明乌鸦能认出他们，故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. A. wave B. react C. reply D. turn 答案：B 句意：当研究人员不戴面具在校园里走动时，他们之前抓住并捆绑的乌鸦没有反应。A. wave挥舞；B. react反应；C. reply回复；D. turn转弯。由下文中的to them可知，此处指乌鸦没有任何反应， react to为固定搭配，意为“对……作出反应”，故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. A. friendly B. unkind C. different D. same 答案：D 句意：但是，当同一批人戴着面具走过时，乌鸦们大声斥责，并向它们的“敌人”俯冲下去。A. friendly友好的；B. unkind不友善 的；C. different不同的；D. same同样的。由下文“humans walked by while wearing the masks”和常识可知，为了保证实验的可信 性，应是同一批人戴着面具走过，故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. A. enemies B. professors C. owners D. followers 答案：A 句意见上题解析。A. enemies敌人；B. professors教授；C. owners主 人；D. followers追随者。由下文“the crows scolded loudly and dived at their”和上文提到的研究者捆绑乌鸦可知，乌鸦把他们当成敌 人，在认出他们之后去攻击他们，故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8. A. clothes B. faces C. organs D. figures 答案：B 句意：鸟儿们记得他们的脸。A. clothes衣服；B. faces脸；C. organs 器官；D. figures人物。由下文“They look，they think，they eyeball you”可知，乌鸦能记住敌人的脸。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. A. expecting B. admiring C. watching D. tolerating 答案：C 句意：“乌鸦一直在观察我们。”，Marzluff博士说。A. expecting 期盼；B. admiring钦佩；C. watching观看；D. tolerating忍受。由下 文中的they look可知，乌鸦一直在观察他们，故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. A. estimating B. changing C. restoring D. worsening 答案：A 句意：它们在看、在思考、在观察你，然后估计形势。A. estimating 估计；B. changing改变；C. restoring恢复；D. worsening变坏。由上文中的“They look，they think，they eyeball you”和下文中的situation可知，乌鸦观察他们是为了估计形势，去攻击他们，故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. A. rigidly B. automatically C. abnormally D. threateningly 答案：D 句意：起初，只有被捆绑的鸟对戴面具的人有威胁性的反应。A. rigidly严格地；B. automatically主动地；C. abnormally不正常地；D. threateningly威胁地。由下文“But in later tests，an increasing number of crows began scolding them”可知，乌鸦攻击他们，对他 们产生有威胁性的行为，故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12. A. resulted B. heard C. learned D. benefited 答案：C 句意：乌鸦们互相得知(信息)。A. resulted导致；B. heard听到；C. learned学习，得知；D. benefited使受益。由下文中的pass this information可知，乌鸦们从同伴那里得知一些信息，故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. A. promised B. identified C. denied D. clarified 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 句意：Marzluff博士和他的团队对捆绑的乌鸦进行了一年的跟踪研究，发现成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽。A. promised承诺；B. identified发现；C. denied否认；D. clarified 澄清。由上文“Dr.Marzluff and his team followed banded crows for a year”和下文“that adults even pass this information to their”可知，Marzluff博士和他的团队研究发现 了乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽，故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. A. young B. neighbor C. partners D. opponents 答案：A 句意见上题解析。A. young幼崽；B. neighbor邻居；C. partners伙 伴；D. opponents对手。由上文中的“adults even pass this information to their”可知，成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给年幼的乌鸦，故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. A. wings B. noses C. legs D. brains 答案：D 句意：Marzluff博士的实验让他研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。 A. wings翅膀；B. noses鼻子；C. legs腿；D. brains大脑。由上文讲 到的乌鸦能认出它们的敌人可知，Marzluff博士的实验让他研究了 乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅱ.语法填空 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文中一名游泳运动员 描述了她自己的生活状况，并表达了她的观点，运动员们想要站在 领奖台上，就必须要做到最好。 (2023·河南周口测试)Being a professional athlete is no 1. 　　　　　　 (difference).If you want to be an Olympic champion， it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation 2. 　　　　　　 will set you apart from your competitors. 1. 考查词性转换。句意：作为一名职业运动员也不例外。be no different“毫无例外”，固定表达。故填different。 答案：different 2. 考查强调句。句意：这都是关于你在准备过程中所做的一些额外 的事情，这些事情会让你在竞争对手中脱颖而出。本句为强调句， 其结构为：it is/was＋强调成分＋that/who＋其他。本句强调“all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation (都是关 于你在准备过程中所做的那些额外的小事)”，故填that。 答案：that 191 Why do Olympic athletes push 3. 　　　　　　 (them) to the limits？ As one of the Olympic athletes，I miss birthday parties，ruin family holidays and skip nights out，but there is a very good reason 4. 　　　　　　 giving up so much.“We’re 5. 　　　　　　 .(worry) about you，” said my friend from across the table.He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with 6. 　　　　　.　 that I was in danger of 7. 　　　　　　 (leave) with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with. 3. 考查反身代词。句意：为什么奥林匹克运动员要把自己逼到极 限？ 设空处指代Olympic athletes，应用反身代词，故填 themselves。 答案：themselves 4. 考查介词。句意：但是放弃这么多是有很好的理由的。a reason for...“……的原因”。故填for。 答案：for 5. 考查词性转换。句意：我们很担心你。设空处应用形容词作表语。be worried about“对……担心”。故填worried。 答案：worried 6. 考查连词。句意：他担心和我一起训练不再有趣，担心我可能只 带着一枚世界冠军奖牌离开，却无人分享。设空处前后的宾语从句 为并列关系，应用and。故填and。 答案：and 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。设空处在句中作非谓语，空 前为介词，应用动名词的形式作宾语。故填leaving。 答案：leaving Can this be overdone？8. 　　　　　　 (Absolute).But if your dream is to be the best and reach the 9. 　　　　　　 (winner) platform，you had better be totally committed to your sport.In the words of a British triathlete，even if it means 10. 　　　　　　 (get) injured，“I’d prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff than having ten years of being average.” 8. 考查词性转换。句意：这可能有些过头了吗？ 绝对地。设空处 是对上句的回答，应用副词形式，位于句首，首字母大写。故填 Absolutely。 答案：Absolutely 9. 考查名词所有格。句意：但如果你的梦想是成为最好的，登上冠 军的舞台，你最好全身心地投入你的运动中去。设空处后为名词， 设空处表示“……的”。故填winner’s。 答案：winner’s 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：用一名英国铁人三项运动员的话来说，即使这意味着受伤，“我宁愿有三四年的出色的胜利，也不愿有十年的平庸。”mean doing sth.“意味着做某事”。故填getting。 答案：getting Ⅲ.应用文写作 (2023·湖南雅礼中学测试)你校的英语角正在征集“年度最佳人 物”稿件，请以“Person of the Year”为题，写一篇短文投稿，内 容包括： 1. 该人物的简介； 2. 该人物对你的影响。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 Person of the Year ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ [参考范文] Person of the Year As to the “Person of the Year”，I would like to nominate my English teacher for this esteemed title. Ms.Zhang is a teacher who boasts a good reputation.With her warm smile and kind nature，she has become a beloved figure among students. Moreover，it is her belief in my abilities that has encouraged me to make progress toward excellence.Motivating me to participate in public speaking，she has helped me build up self-confidence and better skills. There is no doubt that Ms.Zhang deserves this title.Truly，not only is she a qualified teacher，but also she is a valuable guide in my life. Ⅳ.读后续写 (2023·浙江三市检测)Ahmad sat at a table in the school cafeteria. The election for fifth-grade class president was only about two weeks away，and Ahmad knew it was time to begin seriously campaigning. “I think you need a catchy slogan，” said his friend，twirling (旋转) a pencil as he thought.“How about Authentic and Approachable：Always Ahmad？ ”Ahmad beamed.“It’s got a nice ring to it.” “You need something that people will remember.They won’t forget that Olivia was the fourth-grade president last year and they’ll like the fact that she has experience，”his friend added.Ahmad nodded，grinning.“I know，but I think I can bring some fresh ideas.Do you know Olivia’s plans for the campaign？” Olivia，meanwhile，sat at her kitchen table with her twin sister.They were eating cupcakes while discussing what to put on the signs they planned to make.At the center of the table were posterboard in bright colors，markers，pens，colored pencils，and crayons. “Where should we start？” asked her sister ，brushing the cream from her hands.“What do you want people to know about you？”Olivia raised her head and thought for a moment.“I want them to know I’m a hard worker，”she said，eyes bright and alert.“I have experience as class president.I also have a lot of ideas of making this a great school year.” “Experience is truly important，” commented her sister.“Dad once told me he would vote for someone who had proven to be the kind of leader he was looking for in his company.” An enormous grin spread across Olivia’s face.“What about Olivia for President—All Original，All Experience，” suggested her sister. “Oh，or Olivia for President，Opportunity for All？”“I like both of those，”exclaimed Olivia.“The first one reminds the voters of my experience. The second one lets them know I will listen to their ideas and work for and with them.”Her words fell as she took out a fat red marker and began the first poster. 注意： 续写词数应为150左右。 Two weeks later on the election，Ms.Pond announced，“Now， we have two candidates with same votes.” ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ Ahmad went to the front of the room to begin his speech after Olivia. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ [写作指导] 　　【语篇解读】　本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了艾哈迈德和奥 利维亚都精心准备竞选学生干部，在两人选票相同的情况下如何决 定最终结果的故事。 [思路导引] 1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容：选举两周后，庞德女士宣布，“现在， 我们有了两个票数相同的候选人”可知，第一段可描写选票相同以 后的后续情况。 ②由第二段首句内容“在奥利维亚之后，艾哈迈德走到房间前 面开始演讲”可知，第二段可描写艾哈迈德的演讲内容和故事最后 的结果。 2. 续写线索：票数相同——继续竞选——主动退出——了解 原因——深受感动——发表感悟 [参考范文]  　Two weeks later on the election，Ms.Pond announced，“Now，we have two candidates with same votes.”　Then，she continued，“Now that the two candidates are tied on the ballot，let’s have a further campaign.”Olivia went on stage first to give a speech，but surprisingly she was in a wheelchair.“Because of my injury，I have decided to withdraw from the campaign，”she said.“Why is this happening？” Ms.Pond asked. The classmate who pushed the wheelchair beside her said，“She is trying to save a classmate，so she can’t walk because of her foot injury. She needs to rest for a period of time to recover.” All the people present applauded for the former helpful fourth-grade president，including Ahmad.  　Ahmad went to the front of the room to begin his speech after Olivia.　“Olivia is a great class president，”Ahmad said tearfully. “Her behavior deeply touched our hearts.Each of us should learn from her noble spirit of sacrificing oneself to save others.I want to learn from the best.I suggest that Olivia stay on as fifth-grade president when she gets well again.I’d be happy to be her assistant，if she doesn’t mind.”It was a thunderous ovation，and both them deserved it.The two candidates embraced and smiled in a warm round of applause. $$