UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（北师大版2019）

UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE 必修第二册 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 (主题语境：人与自然——自然与环境) 【单元话题词汇记忆】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识　自测落实 核心考点　互动探究 跟踪检测　运用提升 课时作业　巩固提升 基础知识　自测落实 单元词句背诵 一、阅读词汇——知其意 1. drought n.旱灾，干旱 2. hurricane n.飓风 3. landslide n.滑坡；塌方 4. volcanic adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的 5. landscape n.风景，景色 6. weed n.野草；海藻 7. deer n.鹿 8. insect n.昆虫 9. whale n.鲸 10. dolphin n.海豚 11. shark n.鲨(鱼) 12. kangaroo n.袋鼠 13. eagle n.鹰 14. fox n.狐狸 15. jungle n.(热带)丛林 16. whirlpool n.旋涡 17. descent n.下降，下落 18. tidal adj.潮汐的，潮水的 19. barrel n.桶 20. extent n.面积；长度；范围；程度 21. tube n.圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 22. lamp n.灯 23. sledge n.雪橇 24. ski n.滑雪板vi.滑雪 25. polar adj.极地的，地极的 26. continent n.洲，大洲；大陆 27. tent n.帐篷 28. brochure n.小册子 29. aftershock n.(地震的)余震 30. metal n.金属 31. skiing n.滑雪运动 32. originality n.独创性；创造力 二、核心词汇——明其形 1. disaster n.灾难；灾祸 2. flood n.洪水，水灾 3. wildlife n.野生动植物，野生生物 4. comment n.评论；意见 5. crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的 6. living adj.活的，活着的 7. soil n.土壤 8. climate n.气候 9. lecture n.讲座，讲课；演讲 10. overuse vt.过度使用；滥用 11. million n.百万 12. greenhouse n.温室，暖房 13. title n.题目，标题vt.加标题 14. wave n.海浪；波涛；(情感的)一阵 15. escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避 16. float vi.浮；漂 17. file n.档案，卷宗 18. soul n.灵魂 19. edge n.边缘 20. rescue n.& vt.营救；救援 21. vehicle n.交通工具，车辆 22. trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中 23. attempt n.& vt.努力，尝试，企图 24. damage n.伤害，损伤，损害 25. measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 26. overseas adv.在海外，在外国 27. site n.场所，地点 28. process n.过程，进程 29. battle n.较量，竞争；斗争；战斗 30. duty n.职责，义务；责任 31. suffering n.(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨 32. nearby adv.附近 33. dust n.灰尘；尘埃 34. captain n.上校；队长；组长 35. base n.基地，大本营；基础vt.以……为基地 36. distant adj.久远的；遥远的 37. shelter n.避难所 38. varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 39. scary adj.可怕的，恐怖的 40. harmless adj.无害的 三、拓展词汇——通其变 1. eruption n.爆发→erupt v.爆发；喷出 2. ecology n.生态；生态学→ecological adj.生态学的；生态的 3. shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n.震惊；休克；冲击→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的 4. survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→survival n.幸存→survivor n.幸存者 5. poetry n.诗歌；作诗的艺术→poem n.诗；诗歌→poet n.诗人 6. mystery n.神秘事物，难以理解的事物→mysterious adj.神秘的； 不可思议的 7. frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的 →frighten v.使受惊；使惊恐 8. horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→horror n.恐惧，害 怕；令人惊恐的事→horribly adv.害怕地；可怕地；极其地 9. curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n.好奇心 10. observation n.观察；观察结果→observe v.观察；注意到；庆 祝；遵守 11. equal adj.相等的；相同的；平等的→equally adv.同样地；平等 地→equality n.平等 12. interrupt vi.& vt.打断讲话→interruption n.打断，打扰；中断时间 13. death n.死，死亡→die v.死亡→dying adj.垂死的→dead adj.失去 生命的；不再使用的 14. loss n.丧失；死亡→lose vt.失去；丢失；使迷路→lost adj.丢失 的；迷路的 15. operation n.行动，活动；手术；操作→operate v.运转；做手 术；操作→operator n.接线员；操作者 16. conduct vt.实施；执行；进行vi.& vt.指挥→conductor n.指挥；售 票员 17. protection n.保护；防护→protect v.保护；防护→protective adj.保 护的；防护的 18. breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的， 喘不过气来的→breathlessly adv.气喘吁吁地 19. explorer n.探险者；勘察者→explore v.探索；探究；勘察 →exploration n.探索；探究；勘察 20. preparation n.预备，准备→prepare v.准备；预备 21. anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地；担忧地→anxious adj.焦虑的， 担心的→anxiety n.忧虑，焦虑 22. ambition n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ambitious adj.有雄心的； 野心勃勃的 23. cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→cheer v.使高兴；欢呼n. 欢呼声 24. prove vt.证明；证实→proof n.证据 25. honesty n.坦诚；诚实，正直→honest adj.诚实的→dishonest adj. 不诚实的 26. sincerity n.真诚，真挚，诚实→sincere adj.真诚的→sincerely adv. 诚挚地 27. bravery n.勇气；勇敢的行为→brave adj.勇敢的→bravely adv.勇 敢地 28. disappearance n.消失；消亡→disappear vi.消失；消亡；灭绝 →appear vi.出现linking v.看来；似乎 1. turn one’s back (on sb./sth.)对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 2. in the direction of朝……方向 3. on the edge of在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) 4. at great speed高速地 5. be/become curious about对……感到好奇 6. in the end最后 7. pick up去接(某人)；拿起；捡起；营救，搭救 8. breathe in吸气 9. run out用完；耗尽 10. on the way to...在去往……的路上 11. have difficulty with sth.在某事方面有困难 12. break down停止运转，出故障；失败；垮掉 1. It takes/took sb.some time to do...“做某事花费某人多长时间” [教材原句]　It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.不到一天的时间，我的头发就由黑变白了。 2. the＋比较级...the＋比较级...“越……越……” [教材原句]　The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...第一，物体越大，下降速度越快…… 3. have＋sb./sth.＋doing“使某人/某物一直……” [教材原句]　He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有人都装备了滑雪板。 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.词汇默写 一、核心词汇 1. n.灾难；灾祸 2. n.评论；意见 3. adj.拥挤的；挤满人的 4. adj.活的，活着的 5. vt.过度使用；滥用 6. vi.& vt.逃离；逃避 disaster　 comment　 crowded　 living　 overuse　 escape　 7. vi.浮；漂 8. n.& vt.营救；救援 9. vt.困住；使陷于危险中 10. n.& vt.努力，尝试，企图 11. n.伤害，损伤，损害 12. vt.估量，衡量；测量 13. adv.在海外，在外国 14. n.过程，进程 15. n.基地，大本营；基础vt.以……为基地 float　 rescue　 trap　 attempt　 damage　 measure　 overseas　 process　 base　 16. adj.久远的；遥远的 17. n.避难所 18. adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 19. adj.可怕的，恐怖的 20. adj.无害的 distant　 shelter　 varied　 scary　 harmless　 二、拓展词汇 1. ecology n.生态；生态学→ adj.生态学的；生态的 2. shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n.震惊；休克；冲击 → adj.令人震惊的→ adj.震惊的 3. survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→ n.幸存→ ⁠ n.幸存者 4. frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的→ adj.令人害怕的 → v.使受惊；使惊恐 ecological　 shocking　 shocked　 survival　 survivor　 frightening　 frighten　 5. horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→ n.恐惧， 害怕；令人惊恐的事→ adv.害怕地；可怕地；极其地 6. curious adj.好奇的→ adv.好奇地→ n.好 奇心 7. observe v.观察；注意到；庆祝；遵守→ n.观察； 观察结果 8. equal adj.相等的；相同的；平等的→ adv.同样地；平 等地→ n.平等 horror　 horribly　 curiously　 curiosity　 observation　 equally　 equality　 9. interrupt vi.& vt.打断讲话→ n.打断，打扰；中断 时间 10. breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→ n.呼吸→ adj.气喘 吁吁的，喘不过气来的→ adv.气喘吁吁地 11. ambition n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ adj.有雄心 的；野心勃勃的 12. prove vt.证明；证实→ n.证据 13. sincerity n.真诚，真挚，诚实→ adj.真诚的 → adv.诚挚地 interruption　 breath　 breathless　 breathlessly　 ambitious　 proof　 sincere　 sincerely　 14. bravery n.勇气；勇敢的行为→ adj.勇敢的 → adv.勇敢地 15. disappearance n.消失；消亡→ vi.消失；消亡；灭 绝→ vi.出现linking v.看来；似乎 brave　 bravely　 disappear　 appear　 Ⅱ.语块默写 1. 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 2. 朝……方向 3. 在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) 4. ⁠高速地 5. 对……感到好奇 6. 去接(某人)；拿起；捡起；营救，搭救 7. ⁠吸气 8. ⁠用完；耗尽 9. ⁠在某事方面有困难 10. ⁠停止运转，出故障；失败；垮掉 turn one’s back (on sb./sth.)　 in the direction of　 on the edge of　 at great speed　 be/become curious about　 pick up　 breathe in　 run out　 have difficulty with sth.　 break down　 Ⅲ.课文佳句 1. I began to think ⁠ ⁠. 我开始想，以这种方式死去是多么奇妙的一件事，看到大自然的力 量是多么奇妙。 2. First，his two sledges broke down and then ⁠ ⁠. 先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现 严重困难。 how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way， and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature　 the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold　 3. ，and certainly the end is not far. 我们都希望以同样的精神迎接末日，当然末日已经不远了。 4. New Zealand has a varied climate ⁠ ⁠. 新西兰气候多变，各地变化很大。 We all hope to meet the end with a similar spirit　 that changes a lot from place to place　 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1. (2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)“ (ecology) design” is the name John gives to what he does. 2. (2023·北京卷)I jumped at the chance，and a few weeks later I was (equal) shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. 3. It’s ⁠ (frighten) to think it could happen again. Ecological　 equally　 frightening　 4. (2022·北京卷)For decades，quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory ⁠ (curious). 5. (2021·浙江6月卷)To us，the most likely explanation appears to be that the ⁠ (basic) lies in their living with humans. curiosity　 basis　 Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. The boy (对生态学的 一切都很好奇) and has no equal in this subject. 2. The woman was rescued from the burning house before she (吸入过量浓烟). 3. Though they had made full preparations，the printing machine (在印刷的过程中 还是坏了). is curious about everything about ecology　 breathed in too much heavy smoke　 broke down in the process of printing　 4. The tiger (被困在笼子里 的) (试图逃离它). 5. She was frightened at the scene when she ⁠ (看到那只猫站在高楼边缘). which was trapped in the cage　 made an attempt to escape from it　 observed the cat standing on the edge of the high building　 Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 我坚信，我们越意识到这句名言的重要性，我们在日常学习和工 作中就会得到越多的好处。(the＋比较级...the＋比较级...) I firmly believe that ⁠ ⁠ we will get in our daily study and job. the more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying，the more benefits　 2. 我们计划七月份去云南旅游，但是我现在恐怕不能去了，因为我 的左脚在一次足球比赛中受伤了。 We planned to go visiting Yunnan in July，but I’m afraid I can’t go now，because I ⁠ in a football match. 3. 一般来说，我过去常常要花大约15分钟才能读完一篇文章。 Generally，it ⁠ ⁠. 4. 山脚下住着一位老人。(倒装句) ⁠ an old man. have had my left foot injured　 used to take me about 15 minutes to finish reading a passage　 At the foot of the mountain lives　 核心考点　互动探究 1. shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信n.震惊；休克；冲击 ① my shock，such an attack could happen in this school. ②I was shocked ⁠ this sudden change in their attitude. ③It is ⁠ (shock) that they should involve children in the crime. ④我震惊地望着他，期待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。(写 美——读后续写之震惊) I ，waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything. To　 at/by　 shocking　 looked at him in shock　 (1)in shock震惊；吃惊 to one’s shock令某人震惊的是 (2)shocked adj.震惊的 be shocked at/by对……感到震惊 (3)shocking adj.令人震惊的；令人愤慨的；不道德的 2. escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避 n.逃跑；逃脱；解脱；泄漏 ①He once had narrow escape from the adventurous sport，so he doesn’t dare to try it again. ②It is said that he narrowly escaped ⁠ (kill) in the traffic accident the other day. ③那位老师带着她的学生们设法从大火中逃了出来，她极度疲惫。 The teacher with her students， extremely exhausted. a　 being killed　 managed to escape from the fire　 (1)escape (doing) sth.逃脱(做)某事 escape from...从……逃跑 (2)have a narrow escape九死一生 3. survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存 ①(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that (survive) China’s long history. ②After the plane crash，what the ⁠ (survive) could do was to wait for rescue on this desert island. ③If he couldn’t find his way out of the forest，there would be little chance of ⁠ (survive). ④After we survived that night，we were confident that everything else would be all right. 　→ ，we were confident that everything else would be all right.(现在分词短语作状语) has survived　 survivors　 survival　 Having survived that night　 (1)survive＋n.(the fire/earthquake/accident...)从(火灾/地震/事故等)中 生还 survive on靠……维持生活；靠……存活下来 (2)survival n.幸存；[C]遗物；幸存物 (3)survivor n.幸存者 4. frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的 ①Her father had an awful temper and she was always frightened ⁠ him. ②The robbers frightened the old man ⁠ giving them all the money he had. ③A sudden stop can be a very (frighten) experience， especially if you are travelling at high speed. ④Whenever she thought of the accident，she was trembling with ⁠ (frighten). of　 into　 frightening　 fright　 ⑤一道亮光闪过，孩子们如此害怕以至于他们都尖叫起来。 A bright light flashed by，and the children ⁠ they screamed. [归纳拓展]　 “动词＋sb.＋into/out of doing sth.”的常见动词集 锦：persuade/talk/argue sb. into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某 事；cheat/force sb. into doing sth.欺骗/迫使某人做某事。 were so frightened that　 (1) be frightened of害怕…… (2)frighten vt.使吃惊；惊吓，吓唬 frighten sb. into/out of doing sth.吓唬某人做/不做某事 (3)fright n.害怕 (4)frightening adj.令人害怕的，可怕的 5. curious adj.好奇的 ①[新外研选择性必修一]I don’t want to put you on the spot，but I’m really curious ⁠ how you know Tim. ②(2021·浙江卷)Even during his last few years，he always had a sense of (curious)，wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the corner. ③Little Johnny felt the bag，curious ⁠ (know) what it contained. about　 curiosity　 to know　 ④I was curious to know more about it，so I went to the library to consult books. 　→ ，I went to the library to consult books.(形容词短语作状语) Curious to know more about it　 (1)be curious about... 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth.渴望做某事 (2)curiosity n.好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇 meet/satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 (3)curiously (＝with curiosity) 好奇地 6. equal adj.相等的；相同的 ①Based on (equal) and mutual respect，China is willing to strengthen cooperation and mutual learning with other countries. ②The gas discovery is equal 6.1 million households’ daily gas demand for one year，the company said. ③This law will help small businesses to compete ⁠ equal terms with large multinational corporations. ④凯瑟琳也得到了一个重要的人生启示：每个人都应被平等地对 待，无论他或她有多特别。 Catherine also gained an important life lesson that ⁠ ⁠ no matter how special he or she was. equality　 to　 on　 everyone should be treated equally　 (1)equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth.在(做)某事方面比得过/敌得过某 人/某物 be equal to (doing) sth.等于；能胜任(做)某事 on equal terms (with sb.)(和某人)平等相处；(和某人)地位相等 (2)equality n.相等；平等 (3)equally adv.平等地；相等地 7. attempt n.& vt.企图，努力，尝试 ①(2021·全国乙卷)One afternoon，while attempting ⁠ (get) into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack. ②She was as proud as a peacock when she passed her driving test ⁠ the first attempt. ③The man was put into prison last night，charged with ⁠ (attempt) murder. to get　 at　 attempted　 ④我建议你进行健康饮食，并坚持有规律的锻炼来尝试减肥。(建 议信) I suggest that you should go on a healthy diet and keep regular exercise ⁠. in an attempt to lose weight　 (1)attempt to do sth.尝试或努力做某事 (2)make an attempt at (doing)/to do sth.尝试或努力做某事 at one’s first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do 试图做某事 (3)attempted (犯罪或非法行为)未遂的 8. measure n.措施；方法；计量单位 vt.测量；衡量，估量 ①[新北师大选择性必修二改编]According to the scientific (measure) of time，the time is probably a quarter past three. ②The government has taken measures ⁠ (bring) down the high prices of house. ③I guess this coat was not made my measure，because it is too large for me. measurement　 to bring　 to　 ④The new bridge under construction， ⁠ (measure) twice as long as the old one，will be completed next month. ⑤It’s high time that we should take measures to prevent air from being polluted. measuring　 　→It’s high time that ⁠ .(被动语态) measures should be taken to prevent air from being polluted　 (1)measure...by...用……来衡量…… be measured by/in...用……来计算/衡量 (2)take measures (to do sth.)采取措施(做某事) make...to one’s measure按某人的尺寸定做…… (3)measurement n.尺寸；长度；测量；计量；衡量 9. base vt.以……为基地 n.大本营，基地；基础 ①The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based ⁠ our present mental register. ②Scientists have built an early-warning system ⁠ (base) on mathematical models. ③ ⁠ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later. ④为了使用先进的技术，他们不得不对电脑有一个基本的了解。 They have to ⁠ in order to use the advanced technology. on/upon　 based　 Basing　 have a basic understanding of computers　 (1)base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上 be based on/upon以……为基础，依据…… (2)basis n.基础，基本原则 on the basis of...根据……，在……的基础上 (3)basic adj.基本的，基础的 (4)basically adv.主要地，基本上 10. observe v.庆祝；观察；注意；遵守 ①[新译林必修三改编]We’ve made some policies on environment for businesses (observe)，like strict clean-up requirements. ②The suspicious man was observed ⁠ (enter) the bank by the police. ③在泰山之巅，人们兴奋地观看太阳从地平线上升起。(一句多译) to observe　 to enter　 a.On the top of Mount Tai，people excitedly ⁠ from the horizon.(observe＋从句) b.On the top of Mount Tai，people excitedly ⁠ from the horizon.(observe＋宾语＋doing) [特别提醒]　observe sb.do sth.结构如果改成被动语态，应补上省略 的to，即sb.be observed to do sth.。 observed that the sun was rising　 observed the sun rising　 (1)observe sb.doing sth.看到某人正在做某事 observe sb.do sth.看到某人做了某事 observe sb./sth.done 看到某人/物被…… (2)observer n.观察者；旁听者 (3)observation n.观察(结果)；评述，评论 11. distant adj.久远的；遥远的 ①Soon，it ran away off the road and disappeared ⁠ the distance. ②It is difficult to get to know her because she always keeps everyone ⁠ a distance. ③Regardless of the weather or the (distant)，he will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time. in/into　 at　 distance　 ④To many people，technology means computers，hand-held devices，or vehicles that travel to ⁠ (distance) planets. ⑤有人警告她说，如果不想受到伤害就离约翰远一点儿。(一句 多译) a.She was warned to John if she didn’t want to get hurt.(keep one’s distance from) b.She was warned to if she didn’t want to get hurt.(keep sb.at a distance) distant　 keep her distance from　 keep John at a distance　 (1)be distant from不相似的，不同的 (2)distance n.距离；远方；冷淡，疏远 v.使与……保持距离，撇清 与……的关系 into/in the distance 在远方，在远处 at/from a distance 从远处；离一段距离；久远地 a distance of ……的距离 keep one’s distance from...＝ keep sb.at a distance 与……保持距离 12. run out用完；耗尽(不及物动词短语，其主语通常为物) ①In the future，care for the environment will become very important as the earth’s natural resources run ⁠. ②(2021·天津卷)I wanted to make dumplings but found I had run out flour，so I went out to buy some. ③我的钱已经花完了，因此我买不起这本书。(一句多译) a.I my money，so I can’t afford the book. b.My money ，so I can’t afford the book. out　 of　 have run out of/used up　 has run out/has been run out of/has given out　 run out of用完(及物动词短语，其主语通常为人) use up用完；耗尽(及物动词短语) give out用完；耗尽；筋疲力尽(不及物动词短语) 13. break down 停止运转，出故障，损坏；(谈判、希望、计划等)失 败；破裂；(化学)分解；(身体)垮掉；失控；消除 ①He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead，because the air-conditioning system broke ⁠. ②She started to speak，and then broke ⁠ while a waitress served us coffee. ③Hearing the bad news，the lady broke ⁠ tears yesterday. ④Mary and John were good friends，but then they ⁠ (发生了争吵，关系结束). down　 off　 into　 had a quarrel and broke up　 break in 强行进入；打断(谈话)；插嘴 break into 闯入；破门而入；突然开始(笑、唱等) break out 爆发；突然发生 break through 突破；克服，战胜 break up 解散；结束(关系等)；绝交；拆散 break off 中断；折断；突然停止 14. the＋比较级...the＋比较级... [教材原句]　The first， the bodies were， ⁠ they fell...第一，物体越大，下降速度越快…… ①The more careful you are，the ⁠ (few) mistakes you will make. ②The harder you work，the ⁠ (great) progress you will make. the larger　 the more rapidly　 fewer　 greater　 → ⁠ you devote to practising your spoken English， ⁠.(the more...the more...) ④这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言了解得越多，我的大脑就发育 得越好。 It was exercise for the brain； ⁠ ⁠. The more time　 the more fluent it will become　 the more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow　 ③If you devote more time to practising your spoken English，it will become more fluent. 常见用法： (1)the＋比较级...the＋比较级...“……越……就越……” (2)在“the＋比较级...the＋比较级...”结构中，第一个“the＋比较 级”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一 般现在时表示将来。 (3)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“more and more＋(多音节)形容词/ 副词”表示“越来越……”。 15. “have＋sb./sth.＋doing”结构 [教材原句]　He ⁠ the sledges and all his men were on skis.他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有人都装备 了滑雪板。 ①(2022·全国乙卷)It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels (cut) by manufacturers (制造 商) so they can avoid paying the tax. ②I won’t have you ⁠ (make) the same mistake again and again. had teams of dogs pulling　 cut　 making　 ③When his mother had him do his homework，he decided to have his light ⁠ (burn) all night to pretend he was working hard. ④I have a lot of readings ⁠ (complete) before the end of this term. ⑤I fell down and broke three of my teeth.I wonder how many times I have to come here and have my false teeth ⁠ (fix). ⑥You should take the chance to deepen your knowledge of traditional Chinese culture. →You should take the chance to ⁠ .(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语) burning　 to complete　 fixed　 have your knowledge of traditional Chinese culture deepened　 (1)have sth.done 让/叫/使/请别人做某事；遭受某种(不幸的)事情； 使某事完成 (2)have sb.do sth.让某人做某事 (3)have sb./sth.doing 让某人一直在做某事/让某事一直发生 (4)have sth.to do有某事要做(不定式作定语) 跟踪检测　运用提升 层级一 核心知识精准练 过基础 维度1　单句语法填空 1. (2022·浙江卷)Ms. Burdeyney commented ⁠ she was hoping to do more for the research project. 2. (2022·全国乙卷)Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides (equal) contact (联系) and share with one another. 3. When I realized that the poor boy survived discarded food，a wave of sadness and sympathy washed over me. 4. The exact ⁠ (measure) of the room are 3 metres 20 by 2 metres 84. that　 equally　 on　 measurements　 5. After he the earthquake，the old man became one of the few of the family and his ⁠ made his old friends very happy.(survive) 6. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Believe it or not，the first time I happened to read the newspaper Youth a couple of months ago，I felt an urge to finish reading it in one ⁠ (breathe). 7. Parents often fall ⁠ the trap of trying to do everything for their children. survived　 survivors　 survival　 breath　 into　 8. The only time that we attempted ⁠ (do) something like that was in the city of Philadelphia. 9. (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The sky was clear when we headed off，but storms move in fast in the mountains，and this one quickly ⁠ (interrupt) our peaceful morning trip. 10. (2021·全国甲卷)Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers (become) discouraged and give up？ It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer： absolutely not. to do　 interrupted　 become　 维度2　一词多义 1. ①(2022·全国乙卷)For them，there’s something highly exciting about escaping someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen. ⁠ ②He was an actor whose name escaped me for the moment. ⁠ A. vt.被忘掉 B. n.逃脱，逃离 C. n.泄漏，逸出 D. vt.避开，逃避 D　 A　 2. ①Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still observe traditional customs. ⁠ ②Could you tell me how you usually observe Harvest Day in your country？ ⁠ A. vt.观察 B. vt.庆祝 C. vt.遵守 C　 B　 3. ①The only thing the wolf could do was climbing up to the ground from the trap. ⁠ ②We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. ⁠ ③Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap. ⁠ A. vt.使陷于危险中；困住 B. n.捕捉器 C. n.陷阱 C　 A　 B　 维度3　完成句子/一句多译/句式升级 1. (2022·浙江1月卷)听到我的搭档住院的消息，我很震惊。与此同 时，我很震惊地发现我别无选择，只能自己完成我们的项目。 I ⁠ that my partner was admitted to hospital.Meanwhile，I ⁠ I had no option but to finish our project on my own. 2. 我离开帐篷才死里逃生。 我刚从里面逃出来它就烧毁了。 I by leaving the tent.Hardly ⁠ ⁠ it burned down. was shocked by/at the news　 was shocked to find that　 had a narrow escape　 had I escaped from it when　 3. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)我读的报纸越多，我的英语就越好。所以 我真诚地希望你们的报纸越来越好，越来越多的人从中受益。 ， ⁠.So I sincerely hope that your newspaper ⁠ ⁠. 4. 他试图通过考试，但最后还是失败了。 ①He ，but he failed in the end.(attempt v.) ②He ，but he failed in the end.(attempt n.) The more I read the newspaper　 the better my English is　 will be better and better and more and more people will benefit from it　 attempted to pass the exam　 made an attempt to pass/at passing the exam　 5. The movie was based on a real-life incident.And it turned out to be a success. →The movie， ，turned out to be a success.(分词短语作定语) → ，the movie turned out to be a success.(basis) based on a real-life incident　 On the basis of a real-life incident　 层级二 必备素养提升练 提能力 提能1　应用文写作 　　根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确 形式完成下面的语篇 Yesterday I ① (参加了一个讲座)whose title was Wildlife In Danger.The professor said that human beings were to blame ② (在很大程度上).As we all know，we ③ (正过度使用化石燃料)，which leads to ④ (温室效应).Besides，we are occupying more lands，so millions of living creatures have to ⑤ ⁠ (逃离其原始栖息地).Some of them are even ⑥ (处于灭绝的边缘).In addition， chemicals pollute soil，rivers and oceans. attended a lecture　 to a great extent　 are overusing fossil fuels　 greenhouse effect　 escape from their original habitats　 on the edge of extinction　 ⑦ ⁠ (看到死鱼漂浮在水面上是令人震惊的，it 作形式主语).The lecture ⑧ (深深地触动了我们的心 灵).Afterwards，we ⑨ (对 这次讲座发表了积极的评论)，and decided to do our parts for wildlife protection. It is shocking to see dead fishes floating on the surface of the river　 touched our soul deeply　 made positive comments on this lecture　 提能2　读后续写微练 Step 1.储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇) 情 感 描 写 shocked adj.震惊的 frightened adj.害怕的，受惊的 curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地 anxiously adv.焦急地；不安地 cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的 on the edge of在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) at a loss感到迷惑；不知所措 动 作 描 写 turn one’s back on 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 float vi.浮；漂 escape vt.& vi.逃离；逃避 observe vt.观察；注意 rescue n.& vt.营救；救援 trap vt.困住；使陷入危险中 breathe vt.呼吸，呼气 break down停止运转，出故障；(情感等)失控 环 境 描 写 flood n.洪水，水灾v.(使)灌满水；淹没 eruption n.喷发；爆发 wave n.波浪，海浪 crowded adj.拥挤的；充满的 landscape n.风景，景色 shelter n.遮蔽(物)，避难所 Step 2.续写练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段) 　　请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇完成以下语段， 然后核对答 案并背诵该语段。 大雨倾盆，街道被水淹没。约翰正在公交站点躲雨，这时 他看到一辆汽车在深水中抛锚了。一个孩子好奇地打开车窗观 察外面拍打车门的波浪。司机和乘客被困在了车里。吓坏了的 母亲想抱着孩子从车里逃出来。突然，不知所措的她滑倒了， 她处于崩溃的边缘，似乎漂浮在绝望的世界里。约翰震惊之 余，立刻跑去救援。齐胸深的水让他呼吸困难，但他怎么能对 这对溺水的母子置之不理呢？ It was pouring and streets .John ⁠ at the bus stop when he saw a car ⁠ in deep water. A child ⁠ ⁠ beating the door outside. The driver and the passengers . . with the child in her arms. Suddenly，being ，she slipped and was ⁠ .It seemed as if ⁠ . ，John immediately ⁠ .The chest-deep water ⁠ ，but how could he ⁠ ⁠？ were flooded　 was taking shelter from the rain　 break down　 opened the window curiously to observe the waves　 were trapped in the car　 The frightened mother wanted to escape from the car　 at a loss　 on the edge of breaking down　 she were floating in the world of helplessness　 Shocked　 came to their rescue　 made it hard for him to breathe　 turn his back on the drowning mother and son　 精读真题提素养/在语篇集训中拓展单元主题 •阅读理解(2021·全国乙卷·C) 　　You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year.But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference？ Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does.He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage， forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. 　　 　　At the beginning of the year， the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves， frozen mid-crash. Made of 168，000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups， the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City， Vietnam. 　 　　Just 9％ of global plastic waste is recycled.Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution， but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and， because of their small size and weight， they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.Once the drink is gone， the straw will take centuries to disappear. 　 　　In a piece from 2018， Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic： Every 60 seconds， a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean.For this work， titled “Truckload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic， which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once. 　　Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了冯·黄用回收 到的废旧吸管创作艺术作品，目的是提醒人们改善环境问题。 28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for？ A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco-friendly products. C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach. 答案：C 细节理解题。由题干中的Von Wong’s artworks可以定位到第一段 “He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage...”。由 “...forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.”可知，他创作出这样的作品是为了促使观众重新审视他 们与一次性塑料制品的关系。故选C。 29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3？ A. To show the difficulty of their recycling. B. To explain why they are useful. C. To voice his views on modern art. D. To find a substitute for them. 答案：A 推理判断题。由题干中的discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3可定位 到第三段。由“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution， but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and， because of their small size and weight， they cannot be recycled.”可知，全球塑料废品回收率低，人们喝饮料时不需要塑料管，而且由于它们的小体积和重量，它们不能被回收利用。故选A。 30. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers？ A. Calming. B. Disturbing. C. Refreshing. D. Challenging. 答案：B 推理判断题。由第四段可知，在2018 年的一篇文章中，Von Wong 想要说明一个具体的统计数据，每60秒，一卡车的塑料就会进入海 洋。为了制作这个名为《一卡车的塑料》的作品，冯·黄和一群志 愿者收集了10 000多件塑料，然后把它们捆在一起，看起来就像是 从卡车上一次性扔下来的。可推测，这样的景象很有震撼性，从而 会让观众感到不安。故选B。 31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 答案：D 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍的是本杰明·冯·黄用回收到的废旧吸管 创作艺术作品，目的是提醒人们警惕所生产、消费的塑料垃圾，以 及提高人们对改善环境问题的参与意识。故选D。 【词汇识记】 1. straw n.稻草；(喝饮料用的)吸管；麦秆 adj.稻草的 2. relationship n.关系，联系 3. single adj.单个的；单身的 4. title vt.冠以……之名 5. globe n.球体；地球→global adj.全球的，全世界的→globally adv. 全世界地 6. recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用→recyclable adj.可回收的 →unrecyclable adj.不可回收的 7. collect vt.收集，采集→collection n.收集；收藏品；专辑 →collector n.收藏者 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) Every 60 seconds，a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. ⁠ 值……数量　 【难句分析】 For this work，titled “Truckload of Plastic”，Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic，which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once. [译文选择] A. 为了这件名为“一卡车塑料”的艺术品，冯·黄和一群志愿者收 集了10 000多件塑料，然后把这些塑料绑在一起，使它们看起来就 像从一辆卡车里马上倒出来一样。 B. 为了这件名为“一卡车塑料”的艺术品，冯·黄和一群志愿者收 集了10 000多件塑料，然后把这些塑料绑在一起，使它们看起来就 像从一辆卡车里一下子倒出来一样。 (　B　) B [结构分析] 句子主语是Von Wong and a group of volunteers，谓语动词是collected，宾语more than 10，000 pieces of plastic；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰more than 10，000 pieces of plastic；titled “Truckload of Plastic”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰this work。 课时作业　巩固提升 主题语篇素养强化 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·安徽皖江联盟联考)Longing for the most amazing places on the planet？ You can do no wrong with these lakes across the globe. Five Flower Lake Set in the striking karst landscape of the Jiuzhaigou Valley in Sichuan province，China，Five Flower Lake is extraordinarily clear，with visibility to a depth of 40 metres.Five Flower is one of a series of blue-，green-and sky-colored lakes blocked by rock falls，but it differs from the others as its waters change color，looking sometimes yellow，sometimes green，but usually diamond blue.In winter，Five Flower never freezes； in summer，it never dries up.Local wildlife living in the surrounding mountain forests include the rare giant panda and the golden snub-nosed monkey. Crater Lake The deep-blue waters of Crater Lake in Oregon，US，fill the outlet of an ancient volcano that collapsed 7，700 years ago.Its strangest occupant is the “Old Man of the Lake”，a nine-metre-tall tree stump (树桩)，which has stood upright in the water for more than a century.No rivers or streams enter the lake.Water loss in summer is compensated by winter snow and rain，the entire body of water being replaced every 250 years. Lake Ohrid Ancient Lake Ohrid has been around for about five million years and crosses the mountainous border between Macedonia and Albania.It has unique plants and wildlife，including the Ohrid “plashica”，a fish native to the lake，whose scales (鳞片) are used to make Ohrid pearls. Lake Maggiore Surrounded on three sides by the Lipontine Alps and touching the plain of Lombardy to the south，Lake Maggiore is Italy’s longest lake. Considered part of the country’s lake district，it is shared with Switzerland. Characterized by a Mediterranean-style climate，temperatures here are mild all year. This has given rise to some of northern Italy’s most wonderful gardens，which appear to float like flower-decked boats on the water. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个世界上著 名的湖泊。 1. What makes Five Flower Lake different from other lakes？ A. Its agreeable climate. B. The rare local wildlife. C. Its color-changing waters. D. The visibility of waters. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 细节理解题。根据Five Flower Lake中的“...but it differs from the others as its waters change color，looking sometimes yellow，sometimes green，but usually diamond blue.(……但它与其他湖泊不同，因为它的水会变色，有时看起来是黄色，有时是绿色，但通常是钻石蓝色)”可知，Five Flower Lake与其他湖泊的不同之处在于它的水会变色。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2. How does Crater Lake mainly get water supply？ A. By artificial rain. B. By snow and rain. C. From nearby streams. D. From an ancient tree. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 细节理解题。根据Crater Lake中的“No rivers or streams enter the lake. Water loss in summer is compensated by winter snow and rain，the entire body of water being replaced every 250 years.(没有河流或溪流进入湖中。夏季的水损失由冬季的雪和雨补偿，整个水体每250年更换一次)”可知，Crater Lake中的水主要来自冬季的雪和雨。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3. Which lake has a typical warm climate？ A. Five Flower Lake. B. Crater Lake. C. Lake Ohrid. D. Lake Maggiore. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 细节理解题。根据Lake Maggiore中的“Characterized by a Mediterranean-style climate，temperatures here are mild all year.(这里具有地中海式的气候特点，全年气温温和)”可知，Lake Maggiore有典型的温暖气候。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 　　(2024·1月九省联考)Parrots are prey animals，which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild，such as hawks or snakes，are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other. Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground. Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks，snakes，cats，monkeys，and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night. As prey animals，parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks.Their first choice is to take flight.However，if this is not possible，they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves. Because their biggest enemy is the hawk，parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind.For this reason，it is wise to avoid quick，sudden movements near your bird.This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason.Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird.For example，a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind. As prey animals，parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys，travel，and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change. 　　【语篇解读】　本文讲述了鹦鹉作为被捕食动物的行为特征， 以及这些特征如何影响它们在家庭环境中的行为。 4. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild？ A. Living in a group. B. Growing beautiful feathers. C. Feeding on the ground. D. Avoiding coming out at night. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators.”可知，群体成员身份在确保它 们的安全和提高生存机会方面发挥着重要作用。这表明生活在群体 中有助于鹦鹉更好地从捕食者的攻击中存活下来。其他选项“长出 漂亮的羽毛”“在地面觅食”和“避免夜晚外出”并未在文中作为 提高生存机会的因素被提及，故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5. What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk？ A. To attack back. B. To get away. C. To protect the young. D. To play dead. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 细节理解题。由第三段第二句“Their first choice is to take flight.” 可知，面对直接威胁时，鹦鹉的首选反应是“飞走(to take flight)”，即“逃离(to get away)”。其他选项“反击”“保护幼崽”和“装死”并非鹦鹉的首选反应，故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6. Why would a balloon frighten a parrot？ A. It may explode suddenly. B. It may be in a strange shape. C. It may have a strong color. D. It may move around quickly. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 细节理解题。由第四段最后一句“For example， a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.”可知，气球可能在鹦鹉的心目中代表一只鹰，吸尘器 软管可能被视为一条蛇。再结合本段首句的“Because their biggest enemy is the hawk， parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind.”可知，鹦鹉的最大敌人是鹰，它们对来自 上方和后方的快速动作特别敏感。这表明，鹦鹉可能因为将气球误 认为是快速移动的鹰而感到恐惧，故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text？ A. To explain wild parrots’ behavior. B. To give advice on raising a parrot. C. To call for action to protect animals. D. To introduce a study on bird ecology. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 写作意图题。尽管文章讨论了鹦鹉作为被捕食动物的本能行为，但 其主要目的是解释这些行为如何影响它们在家庭环境中的表现，并 提供照顾家养鹦鹉的建议。例如，文章中提到了避免在鹦鹉附近快 速移动，以及使鹦鹉适应新物品和环境的重要性。因此作者写这篇 文章的目的是“提供养鹦鹉的建议”。A项“解释野生鹦鹉的行 为”、C项“呼吁保护动物行动”和D项“介绍关于鸟类生态学的 一项研究”并非这篇文章的主要目的。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何进行园艺 提出了一些方法。 (2023·山东济南三模)Gardening may be one of the most relaxing hobbies you’ll find，with the excitement of seeing something you have planted actually turn into a flower.But if you’ve been holding back because you don’t have a yard，then you’re missing out a lot. 　1　. 1 2 3 4 5 A. These require no ground space at all. B. When plants get enough sunlight，they grow better. C. If you’re really short of space，think height instead. D. They can add some green to the inside of your home. E. Bigger pots give you space to grow several different flowers. F. In fact，there are plenty of easy ways to get the joy of gardening. G. Plants that do well in shady and wet environments are the best choice. 答案：F 1 2 3 4 5 根据上下文可知，F选项“事实上，有很多简单的方法可以获得园 艺的乐趣”承上启下，符合语境，故选F。 1 2 3 4 5 Container gardening is the most obvious way to plant when you don’t have a ton of space.If you can get a container regardless of its size，you can have a garden. 　2　Even a small pot with a brightly colored flower or bushy green plants can give your entryway a pop of color. 1 2 3 4 5 A. These require no ground space at all. B. When plants get enough sunlight，they grow better. C. If you’re really short of space，think height instead. D. They can add some green to the inside of your home. E. Bigger pots give you space to grow several different flowers. F. In fact，there are plenty of easy ways to get the joy of gardening. G. Plants that do well in shady and wet environments are the best choice. 答案：E 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文中的“If you can get a container regardless of its size，you can have a garden.(如果你能得到一个容器，不管它的大小，你就可以拥有一个花园)”可知，本句主要针对上文提到的容器进行说明。故E选项“更大的花盆给你空间种植几种不同的花”符合语境，故选E。 1 2 3 4 5  　3　Grow climbing plants on a fence or the posts over your doorway to decorate the side of your home. Plenty of plants are happy to grow up instead of out，so you can have some greenery without a traditional garden. 1 2 3 4 5 A. These require no ground space at all. B. When plants get enough sunlight，they grow better. C. If you’re really short of space，think height instead. D. They can add some green to the inside of your home. E. Bigger pots give you space to grow several different flowers. F. In fact，there are plenty of easy ways to get the joy of gardening. G. Plants that do well in shady and wet environments are the best choice. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文中的“Grow climbing plants on a fence or the posts over your doorway to decorate the side of your home.(在门口的栅栏或柱子上种 植攀缘植物来装饰你家的一面)”可知，在门口的栅栏或柱子上种 植，即从高度空间来种植。故C选项“如果你真的缺少空间，那就 考虑一下高度吧”符合语境，故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 Have an apartment or townhouse？ Then consider outdoor window boxes that you access from inside. 　4　And they give you plenty of options to plant bright blooms or fresh herbs within reach—plus they give your home some added appeal at the same time. 1 2 3 4 5 A. These require no ground space at all. B. When plants get enough sunlight，they grow better. C. If you’re really short of space，think height instead. D. They can add some green to the inside of your home. E. Bigger pots give you space to grow several different flowers. F. In fact，there are plenty of easy ways to get the joy of gardening. G. Plants that do well in shady and wet environments are the best choice. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文“Have an apartment or townhouse？ Then consider outdoor window boxes that you access from inside.(你有公寓或联排别墅吗？然后考虑从室内进入的室外窗框)”可知，上文提到考虑用从室内进入的室外窗框来种植，本句主要针对这一做法进行说明：不需要地面空间。故A选项“这些根本不需要地面空间”符合语境，故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 There’s probably still one room where you haven’t thought of putting some plants：Your bathroom.Even if yours doesn’t get much light，a wall-mounted garden can still grow well. 　5　They will give your bathroom a more natural，earthy feel. 1 2 3 4 5 A. These require no ground space at all. B. When plants get enough sunlight，they grow better. C. If you’re really short of space，think height instead. D. They can add some green to the inside of your home. E. Bigger pots give you space to grow several different flowers. F. In fact，there are plenty of easy ways to get the joy of gardening. G. Plants that do well in shady and wet environments are the best choice. 答案：G 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文“Even if yours doesn’t get much light，a wall-mounted garden can still grow well.(即使没有足够的光线，壁挂式花园仍然可以很好地生长)”以及下文“They will give your bathroom a more natural，earthy feel.(它们会给你的浴室带来一种更自然、更朴实的感觉)”可知，没有足够的光线，可以选择在阴凉潮湿的环境中生长良好的植物。故G选项符合语境，故选G。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。根据最近的一份报告，中 国的旅游业正在增长。尽管历史和自然奇观仍然是首选，但中国游 客现在更喜欢乡村体验。 (2023·安徽皖江联盟联考)According to a recent report，tourism in China is now increasing.1. 　　　　　　 historic and natural wonders are still the priorities，Chinese tourists now prefer a more rural experience. Most of the visitors from cities 2. 　　　　　　 (tire) of the busy urban life. Longing to experience a slow-paced lifestyle，they want 3. 　　　　　　 (desperate) to make a change on the weekend. 1. 考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管历史和自然奇观仍然是首选，但 中国游客现在更喜欢乡村体验。根据句中“Chinese tourists now prefer a more rural experience”可知，逗号前的内容为让步状语从 句，空处的内容为“尽管，纵然”，故填Though/Although/While。 答案：Though/Although/While 2. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：大多数来自城市的游客厌倦了繁忙 的城市生活。空处在句中为谓语，结合前一句中now可知，本句所 述为现阶段的人们对旅游的认识情况，所以时态用一般现在时；be tired of “厌烦”为固定短语，主语为复数名词，be动词用are。故 填are tired。 答案：are tired 3. 考查词性转换。句意：他们渴望体验一种慢节奏的生活方式，迫 切希望在周末做出改变。副词修饰动词，结合空前they want可知， 这里用副词修饰want，故填desperately。 答案：desperately Rural trips help visitors enjoy the landscape，4. 　　　　　　. (free) visitors from concerns. They also help the locals get out of 5. 　　　　　　 (poor).According to Xinhua，the central budget 6. 　　　　　　 (invest) 6.5 billion yuan in 656 infrastructure(基础设 施) projects to boost rural tourism in poor areas in recent years. Meanwhile， the government has also set up many training centers and trained more than 8，000 people 7. 　　　　　　 (help) build a number of quality rural tourism brands. 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：乡村旅行可以帮助游客欣赏风景，让游 客从忧虑中解脱出来。分析句子可知，本句的谓语为help，所以空 处及其后的内容在句中为状语，表示乡村旅行带来的结果，不但可 以帮助游客欣赏风景，还能让游客从忧虑中解脱出来，所以用现在 分词，故填freeing。 答案：freeing 5. 考查词性转换。句意：(乡村旅游)它们还帮助当地人摆脱贫困。 介词后跟名词，故填poverty。 答案：poverty 6. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：据新华社报道，近年来，中央预算 在656个基础设施项目上已经投资了65亿元，以促进贫困地区的乡村旅游。空处在句中为谓语，结合句中in recent years及下文“the government has also set up many training centers”可知，此处用现在完成时；句子主语the central budget为单数含义，所以助动词用has，故填has invested。 答案：has invested 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，政府还建立了许多培训中心，培训了8 000多人，帮助打造了一批优质的乡村旅游品牌。分析句子可知，空处及之后的内容在句中为目的状语，表示政府建立培训中心并培训8 000多人的目的，所以用不定式，故填to help。 答案：to help The trend has also been pushed by Chinese Internet influencers，8. 　　　　　　 beautifully-shot videos of simple life in rural China have gained tens 9. 　　　　　　 millions of viewers. To keep this boom going and attract more visitors，some rural areas are increasing their appeal. It is believed that，in the near future，the countryside will become much 10. 　　　　　　 (beautiful) than in the past. 8. 考查定语从句。句意：这一趋势也受到了中国网络红人的推动， 他们拍摄的关于中国农村简单生活的美丽视频吸引了数千万观众。 分析句子可知，空处及之后的内容为非限制性定语从句。先行词为 Chinese internet influencers，在定语从句中作定语，表示“中国网 络红人的视频”，所以用关系代词whose。 答案：whose 9. 考查介词。句意见上题解析。tens of millions of “数千万的”为 固定短语，故填of。 答案：of 10. 考查比较级。句意：人们相信，在不久的将来，乡村会变得比 过去美丽得多。结合空后的than可知，此处用比较级。beautiful“美丽的”为多音节词，其比较级为more beautiful。 答案：more beautiful 语言运用综合提升 Ⅰ.完形填空 (2023·安徽合肥质检)This week，I will hike along the Appalachian Trail alone to look for what can be hard to find in the city：solitude. In the  　1　，I can find places to be alone，but it is much harder to find true solitude. The  　2　 between cities and mountains is the secret I find that the  　3　 comforts. For many people，the idea of being alone in mountains can be  　4　. It’s understandable because we are， 　5　，social animals. But being in the wild without others doesn’t mean being  　6　.In fact，it can be quite the  　7　.Life is there already. There are the bird calls in the air and frogs crossing the trail. And there is more. When you come to a(n)  　8　 where the sunlight makes it to the forest floor，you can sometimes catch a hint of something. I don’t know what to call it. Words  　9　.But it feels something like a root or a(n)  　10　 song of the world’s own presence. If that moment is just between you and the wild world，then you are  　11　 indeed. That is when you can  　12　 what Henry David Thoreau meant when he said，“I never found the  　13　 that was so companionable as solitude.” So，as the great John Muir  　14　 it：“Keep close to Nature’s heart once in a while，and climb a mountain or spend a week in the wild to wash your  　15　 clean.” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者到大山里 徒步旅行，寻找城市里难以找到的独处，并体会它的独特之处。 1. A. mountain B. city C. air D. sea 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 句意：在城市里，我可以找到独处的地方，但要找到真正的孤独要 难得多。A. mountain山；B. city城市；C. air空气；D. sea大海。根 据上文“This week，I will hike along the Appalachian Trail alone to look for what can be hard to find in the city：solitude (本周，我将独 自沿着阿巴拉契亚小道徒步旅行，寻找在城市中很难找到的东西： 独处)”以及下文“between cities and mountains (在城市和大山之 间)”可推知，空白处应填表示“城市”含义的名词，故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. A. connection B. agreement C. difference D. argument 答案：C 句意：城市和大山之间的区别是我发现了荒野令人舒适的秘密。A. connection连接；B. agreement同意；C. difference区别；D. argument 争论。根据下文“between cities and mountains (在城市和大山之 间)”可知，此处说的是城市和大山之间的区别，故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. A. food B. friendship C. music D. wilderness 答案：D 句意见上题解析。A. food食物；B. friendship友谊；C. music音乐； D. wilderness荒野。根据上文“In the city，I can find places to be alone，but it is much harder to find true solitude.(在城市里，我可以 找到独处的地方，但要找到真正的孤独要难得多)”可知，作者在此处要表达的是从与大山相关的事物中发现的秘密，分析四个选项，D项“wilderness荒野”表达的含义符合语境，故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. A. discomforting B. amusing C. relaxing D. exciting 答案：A 句意：对许多人来说，独自一人在山上的想法可能会让人感到不 安。A. discomforting令人不安的；B. amusing有趣的；C. relaxing愉 快的；D. exciting令人兴奋的。根据上文“being alone in mountains (独自一人在山上)”可推知，空白处应填表示“令人不安的”含义的形容词，故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. A. by choice B. by accident C. by nature D. by mistake 答案：C 句意：这是可以理解的，因为我们天生就是群居动物。A. by choice 自愿；B. by accident偶然地；C. by nature天生地；D. by mistake错 误地。根据下文“social animals (群居动物)”可知，此处上下文说 的是人的自然属性，分析四个选项，C项“by nature天生地”表达 的含义符合语境，故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. A. happy B. alone C. patient D. brave 答案：B 句意：但在野外没有其他人并不意味着孤独。A. happy高兴的；B. alone独自的；C. patient耐心的；D. brave勇敢的。根据下文“Life is there already.There are the bird calls in the air and frogs crossing the trail. (生命已经存在。空中传来鸟叫声，青蛙穿过小径)”可知，此 处上下文说的是在野外还有其他的生命，并不是独自一种生命形 式，故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. A. opposite B. false C. beautiful D. same 答案：A 句意：事实上，情况可能恰恰相反。A. opposite相反的；B. false假 的；C. beautiful漂亮的；D. same相似的。根据下文“Life is there already.There are the bird calls in the air and frogs crossing the trail.(生 命已经存在。空中传来鸟叫声，青蛙穿过小径)”可知，下文表达 的含义与上文相反，故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8. A. apartment B. office C. farm D. clearing 答案：D 句意：当你来到阳光照射到森林地面的空地时，有时你会发现一些 东西。A. apartment公寓；B. office办公室；C. farm农场；D. clearing 林中空地。根据下文“阳光照射到森林地面”可知，此处上下文说的是森林中的空地，故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. A. fail B. spread C. matter D. win 答案：A 句意：我无以言表。A. fail无能为力；B. spread传播；C. matter有关系；D. win赢得。根据上文“I don’t know what to call it.(我不知道该怎么称呼它)”可知，此处上下文说的是作者无法用语言表达出来，故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. A. sweet B. unvoiced C. popular D. odd 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 句意：但它感觉有点像世界自身存在的根源或无声之歌。A. sweet 甜的；B. unvoiced无声的；C. popular受欢迎的；D. odd古怪的。根 据上文“When you come to a(n)  　8　 where the sunlight makes it to the forest floor，you can sometimes catch a hint of something.(当你来 到阳光照射到森林地面的空地时，有时你会发现一些东西)”可 知，此处说的是在林中空地看到了太阳照射到森林的地面时的感 受，作者把这种感受比喻为一首歌，是无声的，故选B项。 句意：但它感觉有点像世界自身存在的根源或无声之歌。A. sweet 甜的；B. unvoiced无声的；C. popular受欢迎的；D. odd古怪的。根 据上文“When you come to a(n)  　8　 where the sunlight makes it to the forest floor，you can sometimes catch a hint of something.(当你来 到阳光照射到森林地面的空地时，有时你会发现一些东西)”可 知，此处说的是在林中空地看到了太阳照射到森林的地面时的感 受，作者把这种感受比喻为一首歌，是无声的，故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. A. angry B. sad C. lucky D. frightened 答案：C 句意：如果那一刻就在你和狂野世界之间，那么你真的很幸运。A. angry生气的；B. sad难过的；C. lucky幸运的；D. frightened害怕的。根据下文“what Henry David Thoreau meant (亨利·戴维·梭罗所 说)”可知，此处上下文说的是作者认为如果你找到了那种感觉，你就体会到了亨利·戴维·梭罗在他的名言里表达的含义，所以作者 认为你是幸运的，故选C项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12. A. refuse B. forget C. forgive D. understand 答案：D 句意：那时你才能理解亨利·戴维·梭罗所说的“我从未找到像独处 这样友好的伴侣”的意思。A. refuse拒绝；B. forget忘记；C. forgive原谅；D. understand理解。根据下文“what Henry David Thoreau meant when he said(亨利·戴维·梭罗所说的)”可推知，空白处应填表示“理解”含义的动词，故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. A. pond B. companion C. hunter D. rain 答案：B 句意见上题解析。A. pond池塘；B. companion伴侣；C. hunter猎 人；D. rain雨。根据下文“so companionable as solitude (像孤独这样 友好的……)”可知，此处说的是亨利·戴维·梭罗把独处当作伴侣， 故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. A. put B. denied C. accepted D. assessed 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 句意：因此，正如伟大的约翰·缪尔所说：“偶尔贴近大自然的 心，爬山或在野外待一周，把你的心灵洗干净。”A. put说；B. denied否认；C. accepted接受；D. assessed评定。根据下文“Keep close to Nature’s heart once in a while，and climb a mountain or spend a week in the wild to wash your  　15　 clean (偶尔贴近大自然的心， 爬山或在野外待一周，把你的心灵洗干净)”可知，这是约翰·缪尔 说的话，空白处应填表示“说”含义的动词，故选A项。 句意：因此，正如伟大的约翰·缪尔所说：“偶尔贴近大自然的 心，爬山或在野外待一周，把你的心灵洗干净。”A. put说；B. denied否认；C. accepted接受；D. assessed评定。根据下文“Keep close to Nature’s heart once in a while，and climb a mountain or spend a week in the wild to wash your  　15　 clean (偶尔贴近大自然的心， 爬山或在野外待一周，把你的心灵洗干净)”可知，这是约翰·缪尔 说的话，空白处应填表示“说”含义的动词，故选A项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. A. land B. body C. record D. spirit 答案：D 句意见上题解析。A. land陆地；B. body身体；C. record记录；D. spirit心灵。根据上文“Keep close to Nature’s heart once in a while， and climb a mountain or spend a week in the wild (偶尔贴近大自然的 心，爬山或在野外待一周)”可知，此处上下文说的是偶尔到野外 放松身心，分析四个选项，D项“spirit心灵”表达的含义符合语 境，故选D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅱ.语法填空 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。作者向我们介绍了中国文 化里的竹子。 (2023·河南安阳联考)China is known as the Kingdom of Bamboo because it is the country with the most bamboo in the world.More than 400 species of bamboo，one third of all known species in the world， grow in China.The areas 1. 　　　　　　 produce the most bamboo are south of Yangtze River. 1. 考查定语从句。句意：产竹子最多的地区是长江以南地区。根据句子结构可知，该空是定语从句的关系词，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此空填关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 答案：that/which Bamboo was 2. 　　　　　　 (close) connected with the daily lives of people in ancient China.Su Dongpo，3. 　　　　　　 literary giant of the Song Dynasty，said that people could not live 4. 　　　　　　 bamboo，and people of the time used bamboo as firewood and to make tiles，paper，rafts，hats，rain capes，and 5. 　　　　　　 (shoe). 2. 考查词性转换。句意：在中国古代，竹子与人们的日常生活息息 相关。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词closely (强调程度)修饰动 词短语be connected with。故填closely。 答案：closely 3. 考查冠词。句意：宋代文坛巨匠苏东坡说，人离不开竹子，当时 的人们用竹子作为柴火，制作瓦片、纸张、木筏、帽子、雨衣和鞋 子。根据句意以及空后literary giant为单数名词可知，此处表示泛指 “苏东坡是宋朝的一位大文学家”，不定冠词表泛指。结合literary 为首音节辅音单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 答案：a 4. 考查介词。句意见上题解析。根据句意以及空后的名词bamboo 可知，此处为介词without“没有”，符合句意要求。故填without。 答案：without 5. 考查名词的数。句意见第3题解析。根据句意以及and连接的 tiles，paper，rafts，hats，rain capes都为名词复数形式可知，此处 也应为名词复数形式，shoes表示“鞋子”通常为复数形式。故填 shoes。 答案：shoes In the Han Dynasty，bamboo 6. 　　　　　　 (use) for papermaking because it produced high-quality paper and was 7. 　　　　　　 (expensive)：three tons of bamboo could yield one ton of paper pulp(纸浆).And bamboo is still an important raw material for papermaking today.Some 1，600 years ago，people wrote with brushes on xuan paper 8. 　　　　　　 (make) from young bamboo，and xuan paper is still popular for Chinese calligraphy and paintings. 6. 考查时态和语态。句意：在汉代，竹子被用于造纸，因为它可以 生产高质量的纸，而且价格便宜：三吨竹子可以生产一吨纸浆。分 析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，主语bamboo和谓语use之间是被动 关系，该句叙述的是发生在过去的事情，所以为一般过去时的被动 语态结构。故填was used。 答案：was used 7. 考查反义形容词。句意见上题解析。根据句意可知，此处为 expensive的反义词inexpensive“便宜的”，符合句意要求。故填 inexpensive。 答案：inexpensive 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：大约1 600年前，人们用毛笔在用竹子 制成的宣纸上写字，宣纸在中国书法和绘画中仍然很受欢迎。分析 句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，xuan paper和make为逻 辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填made。 答案：made Tall and 9. 　　　　　　 (leaf)，bamboo is an ideal plant for household courtyards and parks.It tolerates the heat of summer and the cold of winter，and it regenerates after 10. 　　　　　　 (cut). 9. 考查词性转换。句意：竹子高大而多叶，是家庭庭院和公园的理 想植物。根据句意以及and连接的Tall为形容词可知，此处也应为形 容词，构成并列形容词作句子的状语成分。故填leafy。 答案：leafy 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它可以忍受夏天的炎热和冬天的寒 冷，并且在被砍伐后可以再生。由空前after为介词以及提示词cut为 动词可知，此处为动名词形式，结合it指代的bamboo和cut为逻辑上 的动宾关系可知，要用被动形式。故填being cut。 答案：being cut Ⅲ.应用文写作 (2024·1月九省联考)你校英文报计划举办主题为“携手行动， 节约粮食”的作文比赛。请你写一则活动通知，内容包括： (1)介绍活动目的； (2)说明参赛要求。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 Welcome to Join the English Writing Competition ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ [参考范文] Welcome to Join the English Writing Competition 　　Our school English newspaper is excited to announce the upcoming writing competition，themed “Hand in Hand，Save the Food”.The competition aims to raise awareness about the importance of saving food. 　　All students are encouraged to participate.Entries should consist of an original piece of writing，focusing on the theme of food waste and showing how we can contribute to its reduction.Please submit your entries to the English Department mailbox by the deadline of June 1st. 　　We look forward to your participation and creative submissions. Ⅳ.读后续写 (2023·江西南昌测试)Standing outside the cave entrance，Grandfather admired the green-carpeted hills，but Lin hated the cave. He had come here today only because of Grandfather. Grandfather preferred to use guano，the waste matter of bats，to fertilize (施肥) his crops.But he was too weak to do the whole job.He could gather the guano and bring it out of the cave in the basket，but he needed Lin to carry it home in the wooden cart. Grandfather took a shovel (铲子) and flashlight from the cart. “Change your mind and come inside with me？” he asked Lin.“It won’t happen again，Lin，” Grandfather promised.“Last time it was my mistake.We shouldn’t have waited until nearly dusk (黄昏) to go inside.I know that the bats fly out of the cave at dusk.” That was exactly what had happened on the Terrible Day of the Bats.As Lin had stood at the cave entrance，a crowd of black bats had erupted from it.Lin had been terrified. “Bats hurt no one，” Grandfather had said.“Besides，you scared them as much as they did you.” But nothing could make Lin forget the horror he had felt in that black cloud of bats.“I can’t go in there，” he told Grandfather now. “OK，” Grandfather said.As he started into the cave，he called over his shoulder，“I’ll be out in no time.”Lin parked the cart and glanced at the shovel and flashlight inside it.His shovel and flashlight. He had used them before.Now they only reminded him of his fear. Lin turned his back on the cart and walked down to the river. Grandfather would call when he was finished.Until then，Lin would put as much distance as possible between himself and the cave. Lin watched two little birds splashing about at the edge of the river. He enjoyed the peaceful view over the vast river surface.Then Lin realized that Grandfather’s “no time” had turned into a long time. Lin hurried up the hill toward the cave.The cart was still there. Grandfather was still inside. Something had gone wrong. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 Lin looked around but found no one he could turn to for help. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ In the dark cave，Lin gathered his courage and yelled again， “Grandfather！” ⁠ [写作指导] 　　【语篇解读】　本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了林和爷爷的故 事。林陪爷爷去运鸟粪，但是林不敢进蝙蝠洞，所以爷爷只能自己 进蝙蝠洞。但是，爷爷进去很久都没有出来，林最终鼓起勇气进入 洞中救出了爷爷。 [思路导引] 1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“林环顾四周，却找不到可以求助的人” 以及第二段首句内容“在黑暗的山洞里，林鼓足勇气，又喊了一 声：‘爷爷！’”可知，第一段可描写林找不到人帮忙，只有自己鼓 起勇气进入蝙蝠洞。 ②由第二段首句内容“在黑暗的山洞里，林鼓足勇气，又喊了 一声：‘爷爷！’”可知，第二段可描写林进入蝙蝠洞，发现了爷爷，并救出了爷爷。 2. 续写线索：林陪爷爷来到蝙蝠洞装一些鸟粪——林害怕进入 蝙蝠洞，爷爷只有自己进入蝙蝠洞——很长时间后，林突然发现爷 爷还没有出来——林意识到出了问题，但是他找不到人帮忙，只有 鼓起勇气进入蝙蝠洞——林在洞里发现了受伤的爷爷，想办法救出 爷爷 [参考范文]  　Lin looked around but found no one he could turn to for help.　Panic set in as he realized that something terrible might have happened to Grandfather.He called out his name，but there was no response.Lin’s mind raced with fear and worry.He knew he had to go into the cave，but the thought of facing his fear was almost paralyzing.After taking a few deep breaths，he summoned all his courage and stepped towards the entrance.  　In the dark cave，Lin gathered his courage and yelled again，“Grandfather！”　This time，the response was louder.Lin followed the sound until he reached a narrow passage.His flashlight beam revealed that Grandfather was trapped between two large rocks.Lin’s heart sank as he realized the situation was more serious than he had thought. Grandfather’s leg was pinned，and he was in obvious pain.Lin knew that he had to act fast to free him.Finally，Lin heard the sound of approaching footsteps.The rescue team had arrived.They quickly assessed the situation and worked to free Grandfather. 223 $$