Unit 6 Space and beyond-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（外研版2019）

Unit 6　Space and beyond 选择性必修第四册 (主题语境：人与自然——地球与宇宙奥秘探索) 【话题词汇】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识 自测落实 核心考点 互动探究 跟踪检测 运用提升 课时作业 巩固提升 基础知识 自测落实 单元词句背诵 ◆重点单词 四级词汇 scream vi.& vt. (因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫，高声喊；(机器等)发出尖锐刺耳的声音；(风)呼啸 n. [C]尖叫声；尖锐刺耳的声音 　scream in/with fear 吓得尖叫 三级词汇 crew n. [集体名词](飞机上的)全体机组人员；一队工作人员 self-discipline n. [U]自我约束，自律 muscle n. [C]肌肉；[U]体力；实力 　strengthen/build up muscles 增强肌肉 shadow n. [C]阴影，影子，坏影响；[U][也可用复数]背光处，阴暗处 　cast a shadow on/over sth. 给……蒙上阴影 二级词汇 angle vt. 斜置 n. [C]角；角度；观点(point of view)；立场 fetch vt. (去)拿来，(去)取来；(去)请来 invisible adj. 看不见的(反visible)；无形的 submit vt. 提交，呈递 vt.& vi. [正式用语](使)屈服，(使)服从 　submit an application 呈递申请书 telescope n. [C]望远镜 一级词汇 awesome adj. 很好的，了不起的 disc n. [C]激光唱片；光碟，光盘；(计算机的)磁盘 pepper n. [U]胡椒粉；[C]胡椒 *shuttle n. [C]航天飞机；短程穿梭运行的车辆、飞机等；(织布机的)梭 　the space shuttle 航天飞机 sneeze vi. 打喷嚏 n. [C]喷嚏；喷嚏声 straightforward adj. 易懂的，简单的(近easy；反complicated)；坦率的 suspend vt. 暂停，中止；使暂时停职(或停学等)；[正式用语]悬，挂，吊 *lifelike adj. (图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的 *notion n. [C]概念；观点；看法 *particle n. [C]粒子 *tragically adv. 悲惨地，不幸地 unexceptional adj. 平常的 ◆背核心短语 1．become accustomed to习惯于(做)某事 2．one's heart in one's mouth提心吊胆 3．tune in收听；收看 4．take off起飞 5．cast a shadow on给……蒙上阴影 6．call to召唤 7．reach for the stars志向远大 8．be composed of由……组成 9．quest for追求；寻找 ◆背单元语块 1．set foot on the Moon登月 2．space travel太空旅行 3．go wrong出现问题，发现故障 4．make it准时到达；获得成功 5．a sense of excitement兴奋感；激动之情 6．on board在飞机上 7．go into shock陷入震惊 8．a cloud of一团…… 9．in ancient times在古代 10．at an ever-increasing speed以不断增加的速度 11．dark matter暗物质 12．light year光年 ◆句式表达 1．句式：less...than... Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today's average school students, all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth. 执行“阿波罗11号”任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回了地球，即便这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。 2．句式：seem to have done When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. 当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，对于相关宇航员所获得的惊人成就，全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。 3．句式：独立主格；no＋比较级＋than The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. 全世界都震惊了，因为大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加危险。 4．句式：no matter how引导让步状语从句 The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem. “挑战者”号的牺牲召唤并提醒着我们，不管繁星看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。 5．句式：sb./sth. be＋过去分词＋to do a．For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars. 例如，在中国三星堆考古遗址发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目青铜像，古时的人们认为它们能够看到遥远的星空。 b．The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven” ，as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes. 众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。 单元基础默写 第一组　核心单词 1．be deep in ____________ 在暗处 2．____________ with excitement 兴奋地喊叫着 3．____________ members 全体机组人员 4．an ____________ sight 惊人的奇观 5．He ____________ his chair so that he could sit and watch the plant.他斜移了椅子，以便坐着观察这种植物。 shadow scream crew awesome angled 6．a _______________ process 简单的过程 7．lack _______________ 缺乏自我约束力 8．____________ a doctor 去请医生 straightforward self-discipline fetch 第二组　拓展词汇 1．except prep.除……之外 conj.除了；只是→____________ n．例外→____________ adj.异常的，特别的→____________ adj.平常的 2．suspend v．暂停，中止→____________ n．暂停；推迟，延期 3．submit v．提交→____________ n．提交；呈递；(向法官提出的)意见 exception exceptional unexceptional suspension submission 4．simulate v．模仿；假装；冒充→____________ adj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的→____________ n．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器→____________ n．仿真；模拟；模仿；假装 5．vision n．视力；视野→____________ adj.明显的；看得见的→____________ adj.看不见的 simulated simulator simulation visible invisible 第三组　重点短语 1．_______________________ 习惯于(做)某事 2．________________________ 提心吊胆 3．________________ 起飞 4．________________ 收听；收看 5．________________ 给……蒙上阴影 6．________________ 召唤 7．________________ 志向远大 become accustomed to one's heart in one's mouth take off tune in cast a shadow on call to reach for the stars 8．________________ 由……组成 9．________________ 追求；寻找 be composed of quest for 第四组　课文佳句 1．When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world ________________________ its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，对于相关宇航员所获得的惊人成就，全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。(seem to have done) seemed to have lost 2．The world went into shock, ______________________________ this space flight would be ____________________________ travelling in an aeroplane.全世界都震惊了，因为大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加危险。(独立主格；no＋比较级＋than) most people having assumed that no more dangerous than 3．The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, _____________________________ __________.“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤并提醒着我们，不管繁星看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。(no matter how引导让步状语从句) no matter how distant they might seem 4．For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui，____________________________________ look across great distances into the stars.例如，在中国三星堆考古遗址发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目青铜像，古时的人们认为它们能够看到遥远的星空。(sb./sth.be＋过去分词＋to do) were believed to have been able to 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He hung on for a few minutes and ____________ (scream)for his father，but his father didn't hear him. 2．Diploma normally requires the ____________ (submit) of a graduation thesis, so all the graduates have to prepare their thesis carefully before graduation. screamed submission 3．____________ (tragic), the side effects of the drug hadn't been discovered until many people were seriously damaged by it. 4．Without telescope, many stars overhead are ____________ (visible) to the naked eye even in the clear night sky. 5．Being ____________ wisdom does not necessarily mean being successful. For instance，with very few ____________，most members of this team for people with high IQs remain ____________．(exception) Tragically invisible exceptional exceptions unexceptional Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1．I felt quite excited as the plane ____________ (起飞) from Beijing Capital International Airport. 2．The new plan ______________________ (由三部分组成), each of which is very important. 3．Dreaming is believing and if you __________________________ (志向远大), you actually will achieve better results. took off　 is composed of three parts reach for the stars 4．Having lived in Russia for two years，I now have ______________ _______________________________ (习惯了寒冷的天气). 5．It was the misunderstanding that _____________________________ (给他们的友谊蒙上了阴影). become accustomed to the cold weather cast a shadow on their friendship Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1．罗斯比赛之前一点也不紧张，她好像做好了充分的准备。 Rose showed no anxiety before the competition. She _______________ __________________ it pretty well. 2．教育被认为是政府面临的最重要的问题。 Education ______________________ the most important issue facing the government. seemed to have prepared for is believed to be 3．这台洗衣机是环保型的，因为它比老式洗衣机省水省电。 This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses ______________________________________． less water and electricity than older models 核心考点 互动探究 1.shadow n．坏影响，阴影；影子 v．在……上投下阴影 ①Standing in the shade of the tree, I saw that the house cast a long shadow ____________ the ground. ②Jack has always lived ____________ the shadow of his brother, which puts him under great pressure. ③这场意料之外的事故给他们的幸福生活蒙上了阴影，使他们变得愁闷、沮丧。(细节描写) __________________________________________________，causing them gloomy and depressed. on in/under This unexpected accident cast a shadow on their happy life (1)in shadow 在暗处 in/under the shadow of sth.在某事的阴影下 in sb.'s shadow＝in the shadow of sb.在某人的光环之下 (2)cast/throw a shadow/shadows on 在……上投下阴影；给……蒙上阴影 2.submit v．提交；顺从，屈服 ①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them ____________ (submit) a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. ②(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Across the 320 ____________ (submit), a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. to submit submissions ③对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前把申请书和相关资料提交给班主任。(通知) Those who are interested in the summer camp are supposed to ________ ________________________________________________ by May 15. submit the applications and relevant materials to the head teacher (1)submit...to...把……提交给…… submit to... 顺从于……(to是介词) submit oneself to... 使自己顺从于……(to是介词) (2)submission n．提交；屈服 3.become accustomed to 习惯于(做)某事 ①For those ____________ (accustom) to a comfortable life, the change to remote areas must have been very hard indeed. ②The old man ______________________________________ (习惯于生活在) in the countryside, and he always finds it hard to live in the city. →__________________________________， the old man always finds it hard to live in the city.(过去分词短语作状语) →___________________________________________， the old man always finds it hard to live in the city.(现在分词短语作状语) accustomed is accustomed to living/accustoms himself to living Accustomed to living in the countryside Accustoming himself to living in the countryside (1)accustomed adj.习惯的；通常的，惯常的 be/get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事 (2)accustom v．使适应，使习惯 accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.使某人习惯于(做)某事 4.动词不定式的完成式 [教材原句]　When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.当“挑战者号”航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，对于相关航天员所获得的惊人成就，全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。 ①(译林必修第二册U4)These sounds seemed ____________ (be) from another world and the child listened to them with wonder. ②The boy pretended __________________ (concentrate) on his lesson, but in fact his mind was wandering. ③The engine just won't start. It seems that something has gone wrong with it. →The engine just won't start. Something seems ____________________ it. to be to be concentrating to have gone wrong with 句中to have lost为不定式的完成式，表示不定式所发生的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。不定式有三种时态： (1)一般式(to do)，表示动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同一时间发生或动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之后； (2)进行式(to be doing)，表示动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同一时间发生，并且动作正在进行； (3)完成式(to have done)，表示动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。 跟踪检测 运用提升 层级一 过基础　核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments _________________ (submit)by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. 2．It is reported that there is an increasing number of youngsters tuning ____________ to watch live e-sports competitions. will be submitted in 3．Jones' idea has been fully realized—the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the ____________ (visible) social barrier that keeps people from saying hello. 4．However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the lifestyle ____________ which they have so quickly become accustomed. invisible to 5．There have been calls for the drug's immediate ____________(suspend), following reports that it has dangerous side effects. 6．After many years of hard work, his business began to take ________ when he was in his forties. 7．She had suffered her own share of slings and arrows in the quest ____________ success. suspension off for 8．The new era calls ____________ us, saying that we should strive to achieve more and do better. 9．Don't bother ____________ (fetch) me the book from the library—I can manage it myself. 10．The serious infectious disease，which cast a shadow ___________ the global economy, has also given birth to new opportunities and business forms. to to fetch on 维度2　熟词生义 1．(2022·全国乙卷)That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts. ________ A.一群人 B．全体工作人员 C．(飞机上的)全体机组人员 B 2．(2021·浙江1月卷)I got into a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle, but it was no use.________ A．夹角 B．角度 C．立场，观点 B 3．(2021·浙江卷)Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was short about three dollars. The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the things she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol(医用酒精)and a bar of soap.________ A．拿出来 B．脱下 C．(事业等)突然成功 A 维度3　完成句子/同义句转换/句式升级 1．他们的乐队更关心做音乐而不是赚钱。(less...than...) Their band is _______________________________________________ _______． 2．人们认为他做了件愚蠢的事，现在他丢了工作只能怪他自己了。(不定式的完成式) He __________________________ foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing his job. less concerned with making money than with making music is thought to have acted 3．It is known that the Internet is vital to us. We benefit a lot from the rapid pace of the Internet development. →________________________________. We benefit a lot from the rapid pace of the Internet development. 4．Five parts make up this theme park, and there is a special theme in each part. →This theme park ____________________________________ five parts, and there is a special theme in each part. The Internet is known to be vital to us consists of/is made up of/is composed of 5．Tom was accustomed to climbing the steep mountains and had no difficulty reaching the top. →_________________________________________， Tom had no difficulty reaching the top.(过去分词短语作状语) →__________________________________________________， Tom had no difficulty reaching the top.(现在分词短语作状语) Accustomed to climbing the steep mountains Having accustomed himself to climbing the steep mountains 层级二 提能力　必备素养提升练 提能1　应用文写作 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 In 1986, the U．S. space shuttle Challenger disintegrated, killing seven crew members on board, 1._______________________________ _____________________ (给人类太空探索蒙上了阴影). 2.______________________________________ (尽管这 which cast a shadow on human Though this work is hazardous and awesome space exploration 项工作危险且困难重重), human exploration of the cosmic and the galaxy has never stopped. Take China for example, China built the world's largest radio telescope in Guizhou Province, 3._______________ ________________________ (把看不见的太空微粒收入眼中). 4._______________________________ [随着人类步入了新时代(with复合结构)], the exploration of space will go further and further. I believe 5._________________________________________________ [无论遇到什么样的困难(让步状语从句)], the Chinese people will continue to make peaceful use of space and engage in activities for the benefit of mankind. taking invisible space particles into eyes With mankind stepping into a new era no matter what/whatever kind of difficulties they encounter 提能2　读后续写微练 Step 1　储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇) 动作描写 become/be accustomed to习惯于(做)某事 cast a shadow on/over给……蒙上阴影 scream v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫 suspend v．暂停，中止；悬，挂 submit v．提交，呈递；屈服 sneeze v．打喷嚏 fetch v．(去)拿来 人物描写 straightforward adj.简单的；直接的 crew n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员；全体船员 其他描写词汇 hazardous adj.危险的，不安全的 unexceptional adj.平常的 tragically adv.悲惨地，不幸地 instantaneously adv.瞬间地 lifelike adj.(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的 awesome adj.很好的，了不起的 Step 2　续写练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段) 请从以上词汇中选择合适的词汇，完成下面语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 汤姆习惯于在安静的环境中做作业。所以当有一天，他听到一些人在惊恐地尖叫，他意识到一些危险的事情发生了。汤姆打开公寓门去查看。瞬间，一股浓烟使他打喷嚏又咳嗽。原来是一家商店着火了。汤姆冲出门，沿着走廊穿过烟雾去取水灭火。不幸的是，他公寓里的所有物品都被彻底烧毁了。半小时后，消防队员赶到了，所有人都松了一口气。老实说，这场火灾给他的生活蒙上了一层阴影。 Tom 1. in quiet surroundings. Therefore，one day when he 2. ，he realized something hazardous happened. Tom opened the door of his flat to investigate. Instantaneously, a thick cloud of smoke made him sneeze and cough. It proved that a shop had caught fire. Tom rushed out the door，along the corridor，through the smoke 3. . 4.______________, all his belongings in the flat were totally destroyed. Half an hour later，the firefighters arrived. All the people breathed a sigh of relief. To be honest, 5. ． was accustomed to doing his homework heard some people screaming with terror to fetch water to put out the fire Tragically the fire cast a shadow on his life 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·湘豫名校联考)About two years ago，several lunar missions showed that some lunar soil contains minute amounts of water molecules. But where does water on the moon come from? Answering that question can not only help us understand the moon's history and evolution, but also allow future engineers to potentially tap into this resource when building a sustainable moon base. Chinese scientists have discovered that minerals in lunar soil might have got that substance critical for life from solar wind bombarding (轰炸) the moon's surface with hydrogen ions (氢离子), according to a study published in the journal Nature Communications on Saturday. In a previous study, published in June, Chinese scientists concluded that most water found on the moon may have originated in its interior. That study, like the new one, was conducted on lunar samples from China's Chang'e-5 mission in 2020. The study in June found that lunar soil had around 30 parts per million of water content in the form of hydroxyl (羟基), a close chemical relative of water. However, lunar minerals may contain water content of up to 179 ppm. One ppm of water would produce around 1 gram of water per metric ton of soil. The latest study essentially confirmed the estimates from the previous research, and those lunar minerals could contain even more water. Moreover, the new study identified solar wind as a key mechanism for the existence of water on the moon's surface. The study found that the solar wind resulted at least 170 ppm of water content in lunar samples gathered by the Chang'e-5 mission. Lunar minerals such as pyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine are likely the main reservoirs of solar wind-derived water. “This study has important implications for understanding the evolution of water on the lunar surface and evaluating the contribution of solar wind protons (质子) to the water reservoirs of the lunar surface，”the researchers said. Lunar samples collected during the Chang'e-5 mission may hold the key to answering these questions，since they are much younger than the ones collected by US and Soviet Union moon missions. So, the water content in the Chinese samples has had less time to be influenced by other factors, making these samples ideal for studying the moon's water. [语篇解读]　 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了月球上的水来自哪里。 2 3 1 4 1．What is the first paragraph intended for? A．To answer the question. B．To introduce the topic. C．To clarify a concept. D．To help us know the moon better. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But where does water on the moon come from? Answering that question can not only help us understand...when building a sustainable moon base.(但是，月球上的水是从哪里来的呢？回答这个问题不仅可以帮助我们了解月球的历史和演化，也可以让未来的工程师在建造可持续的月球基地时潜在利用这一资源)”可知，第一段提出了一个问题。再根据后面的内容可知，下文主要讲述了中国科学家关于这个问题的新发现。所以第一段的目的是引入话题，故选B。 2 3 1 4 2．What do Chinese scientists find about the water found on the moon from the latest study? A．It could mainly come from the solar wind. B．It could originate in the moon's interior. C．Lunar soil contains abundant amounts of water. D．Lunar minerals contain less water than expected. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。第二段主要讲述了根据周六发表在《自然通讯》杂志上的一项研究，中国科学家发现月球土壤中的矿物质可能已经获得了太阳风用氢离子轰击月球表面时产生的对生命至关重要的物质。结合第五段中的“The latest study essentially confirmed the estimates from the previous research, and those lunar minerals could contain even more water.”可知，最新的研究基本上证实了先前研究的估计，那些月球矿物可能含有更多的水。由此可知，中国科学家认为月球上的水可能来自太阳风，故选A。 2 3 1 4 3．What can we infer from paragraph 5 and paragraph 6? A．Lunar soil contains more water than lunar minerals do. B．Lunar minerals contain rich water coming from solar wind. C．Solar wind should account for the existence of water on the moon. D．The latest study basically confirmed all the estimates of the previous study. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Moreover，the new study identified solar wind as a key mechanism for the existence of water on the moon's surface.”可知，这项新研究将太阳风确定为月球表面存在水的关键机制；根据第六段中的“The study found that the solar wind resulted at least 170 ppm of water content in lunar samples gathered by the Chang'e-5 mission.”可知，研究发现，太阳风导致“嫦娥五号”任务收集的月球样本中的水含量至少为170 ppm。由此可推知，太阳风对月球表面水的形成有很重要的作用，故选C。 2 3 1 4 4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To report the success of the Chang'e-5 mission. B．To introduce how to build a sustainable moon base. C．To explain the role of solar wind on the moon. D．To report the findings of recent studies on the moon. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 写作意图题。首段引出本文话题，然后根据下文每段的首句，比如第四段首句以及第五段首句等均可看出，作者主要介绍了科学家的新发现，即月球上的水可能源自太阳风，故选D。 B (2023·重庆市质检)Nuclear bombs. That's the go-to answer for incoming space objects like asteroids (小行星) and comets, as far as Hollywood is concerned. Movies like Deep Impact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons to save the world and deliver the drama. But planetary defense experts say in reality, if astronomers spotted a dangerous incoming space rock, the safest and best answer might be something more subtle, like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft. That's just what NASA did on Monday evening, when a spacecraft headed straight into an asteroid called Dimorphos, which is around 7 million miles away and poses no threat to Earth. It's about 525 feet across and orbits another larger asteroid. In images streamed as the impact neared, the egg-shaped asteroid grew in size from a little spot on screen to have its full rocky surface come quickly into focus before the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target. Events happened exactly as engineers had planned, they said, with nothing going wrong. “As far as we can tell, our first planetary defense test was a success，” said Elena Adams, the mission systems engineer, who added that scientists looked on with “both terror and joy” as the spacecraft neared its final destination. The impact was the peak of NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), a 7-year and more than $300 million effort which launched a space vehicle in November of 2021 to perform humanity's first ever test of planetary defense technology. It will be about two months, scientists said, before they will be able to determine if the impact was enough to drive the asteroid slightly off course, probably shortening its original orbit. NASA plans to launch an asteroid-hunting space telescope named NEO Surveyor in 2026. “We've tracked lots of space rocks, especially the larger ones that could cause extinction-level events. Thankfully, none currently threatens Earth. But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos haven't yet been discovered, and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashing down，” explains Lindley Johnson, NASA's Planetary Defense Officer. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局实施的行星防御测试：如果发现了危险的太空岩石，最安全的解决措施就是利用小型航天器与其撞击，使其偏离轨道。 5 6 7 8 5．How did scientists know the craft hit the asteroid successfully? A．The signal from the craft was lost as it hit the target. B．They recorded the whole process with a telescope. C．The little spot on the screen suddenly disappeared. D．They monitored the craft with satellites in space. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target”可知，飞行器成功击中目标后，飞行器的信号消失。故选A项。 5 6 7 8 6．What is the purpose of launching the spacecraft? A．To search for evidence of alien life. B．To end the asteroid's threat to Earth. C．To save the world and deliver a drama. D．To test technology for defending Earth. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，这次撞击是美国国家航空航天局双小行星重定向测试的最关键测试。这个于2021年11月发射的航天器历时7年、耗资超过3亿美元，其目的就是进行人类第一次行星防御技术测试。故选D项。 5 6 7 8 7．What can be inferred about Dimorphos? A．It is a dangerous incoming space rock. B．It is an egg-shaped asteroid around Earth. C．It may orbit the same asteroid after the hit. D．It is expected to blow up after the impact. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第三段至第五段可知，美国国家航空航天局用一艘航天器撞向一颗名为Dimorphos的小行星，这颗小行星围绕另一颗较大的小行星运行，这次撞击是为了推动它偏离轨道，撞击是成功的，因此推断，撞击后，它很可能绕着同一颗小行星运行。故选C项。 5 6 7 8 8．Which statement will Lindley Johnson probably agree with? A．Asteroids are equally destructive whatever the size. B．NEO Surveyor is aimed to track smaller asteroids. C．Larger asteroids will no longer threaten Earth. D．NASA is responsible for the safety of Earth. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，美国国家航空航天局计划在2026年发射一架名为“近地天体勘测者”的小行星搜寻太空望远镜。结合especially the larger ones可知，研究人员之前主要研究大行星，但其实未被发现的小行星才是对地球有威胁的。由此推断，“近地天体勘测者”的目标应该是发现相对比较小的行星。故选B项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了保持好心情的妙招。 1 2 3 4 5 (2023·山东济南统考)Work，family and world events can be so stressful that it feels like optimism and joy are far out of reach.Anyone can get stuck in a bad mood—but you don't have to stay there! 1 1 2 3 4 5 A．You can also volunteer at your local shelter. B．It helps focus on the present and clear your mind. C．Thankfully，there are ways you can get back on track. D．If you're able，get into nature and breathe the fresh air. E．Relieve your stress and refresh your mind，body and spirit. F．When a negative thought flashes，replace it with a positive one. G．When a negative attitude takes over，shake it off by practising gratitude. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 空处承上启下。根据下文中各段的内容可知，本文主要介绍了让你从坏心情中解脱出来，恢复好心情的妙招，C项不仅能够承接上文，还能引出下文，故C项符合语境。 1 2 4 5 3 Once you're in a mood you need to shake，start by going to your happy place. 2 If not，keep a photo on your phone or computer of a beautiful，favorite place and take a moment to imagine you are there.What's the weather like? What does the air smell like? What are you doing while you're there? How does being there make you feel? You'll instantly feel calmer，lost in the daydream or the memory of your happy place. 2 4 5 3 1 A．You can also volunteer at your local shelter. B．It helps focus on the present and clear your mind. C．Thankfully，there are ways you can get back on track. D．If you're able，get into nature and breathe the fresh air. E．Relieve your stress and refresh your mind，body and spirit. F．When a negative thought flashes，replace it with a positive one. G．When a negative attitude takes over，shake it off by practising gratitude. 答案：D 2 4 5 3 1 根据本段的主旨句“Once you're in a mood ...going to your happy place.”可知，本段主要讲心情不佳的时候可以去让你开心的地方，D项中的nature提供了一个地方，且D项的句式与下文中的“If not...you are there.”一致，故D项符合语境。 3 4 5 2 1 We can make our situations worse by keeping thinking about negative thoughts. 3 “Bad things always happen to me，”becomes“What lesson can I learn from this situation？”“I wasted the whole day，” becomes “I still have 5 more hours left to make today a great day！” 3 4 5 2 1 A．You can also volunteer at your local shelter. B．It helps focus on the present and clear your mind. C．Thankfully，there are ways you can get back on track. D．If you're able，get into nature and breathe the fresh air. E．Relieve your stress and refresh your mind，body and spirit. F．When a negative thought flashes，replace it with a positive one. G．When a negative attitude takes over，shake it off by practising gratitude. 答案：F 3 4 5 2 1 空前一句讲到了“We can make our situations worse by keeping thinking about negative thoughts.”，再结合空后的内容可知，空处应该会讲到摆脱这种思维方式的方法。故F项“当一个消极的想法出现时，要用一个积极的想法代替它”符合语境。 4 5 2 3 1 Whether it is going for a coffee at your favorite cafe，or catching a movie in the theatre，make sure that once a week you schedule some “me” time. 4 That may mean getting less done during the day，but you deserve to take a mental break regularly.So give priority to the time you need to recharge. 4 5 2 3 1 A．You can also volunteer at your local shelter. B．It helps focus on the present and clear your mind. C．Thankfully，there are ways you can get back on track. D．If you're able，get into nature and breathe the fresh air. E．Relieve your stress and refresh your mind，body and spirit. F．When a negative thought flashes，replace it with a positive one. G．When a negative attitude takes over，shake it off by practising gratitude. 答案：E 4 5 2 3 1 空前空后都讲到了让你身心放松的一些方式，空处承上启下，应该会讲到身心放松方面的内容，故E项“缓解你的压力，振作你的头脑、身体和精神”符合语境。 4 5 2 3 1 5 Whether it's a rare bit of easy traffic on your way to work or a break in the weather，you won't have time to complain about the negative things because you're so busy being grateful. 4 5 2 3 1 A．You can also volunteer at your local shelter. B．It helps focus on the present and clear your mind. C．Thankfully，there are ways you can get back on track. D．If you're able，get into nature and breathe the fresh air. E．Relieve your stress and refresh your mind，body and spirit. F．When a negative thought flashes，replace it with a positive one. G．When a negative attitude takes over，shake it off by practising gratitude. 答案：G 4 5 2 3 1 根据本段后面的内容可知，本段主要讲要保持感恩，G项中的gratitude与下文中的grateful对应，故G项适合作本段的主旨句。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国正在研制新一代运载火箭，以便将航天员送上月球，该项目将于2030年完成。 (2023·山西晋中调研)China is developing a new-generation launch vehicle 1.__________ (send) astronauts to the moon, which will be completed by 2030. 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国正在研制新一代运载火箭以便将航天员送上月球，该项目将于2030年完成。根据语境可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to send。 答案：to send The new rocket will be 90 meters tall, and able to lift 27 tonnes of payload (有效载荷) to the lunar orbit, CGTN learned from the 14th Airshow China 2. (hold) in south China's Zhuhai City, during which a model of the rocket 3. (display). The diameter (直径) of 4. (it) core will be similar to that of the Long March-5 heavy-lift rocket, which is five meters. The Long March-5 is China's most 5. (power) launch vehicle currently in operational service, 6. a maximum payload capacity of 25 tonnes to low Earth orbit (LEO). It has been used to send China's three space station modules, 7. (weigh) about 66 tonnes, into LEO. 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国国际电视台从在中国南部珠海市举行的第14届中国航展上(在此期间，展出了一个火箭模型)获悉，新型火箭将高90米，能够将27吨有效载荷送入月球轨道。动词hold和被修饰词the 14th Airshow China是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填held。 答案：held 3．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，此处定语从句描述的是过去的事情，主语a model of the rocket和动词display是被动关系，所以谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，谓语动词用单数。故填was displayed。 答案：was displayed 4．考查代词。句意：它的核心直径将与“长征五号”重型运载火箭的直径相似，即五米。分析句子结构和意思可知，此处需用形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰后面的名词core。故填its。 答案：its 5．考查词性转换。句意：“长征五号”是中国目前投入运行的最强大的运载火箭，最大有效载荷能力为25吨，可进入近地轨道(LEO)。分析句子结构和意思可知，此处需要形容词，意为“强大的”，作定语，修饰后面的名词短语launch vehicle。故填powerful。 答案：powerful 6．考查介词。句意见上一题解析。根据句子结构和意思可知，此处为with的复合结构，表示“有”。故填with。 答案：with 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：它已被用于将中国三个重约66吨的空间站模块送入近地轨道。根据句意可知，本句中的weigh意思为“重量是……”，是连系动词，无被动形式，所以此处用现在分词形式，表示主动。故填weighing。 答案：weighing In addition to 8. new rocket for manned mission, China is also developing a new crewed capsule and a lunar lander, 9. will be able to send three astronauts to the lunar orbit and allow two of them to land on the moon. 8．考查冠词。句意：除了用于载人任务的新型火箭外，中国还正在研制一个新的载人太空舱和一个月球着陆器，这将能够将三名航天员送入月球轨道，并允许其中两名航天员登月。根据句子结构和意思可知，此处new rocket for manned mission是特指，所以用定冠词the。故填the。 答案：the 9．考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。根据句子结构和意思可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a new crewed capsule and a lunar lander，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 答案：which Meanwhile, China is also working on a series of reusable space launch and transport systems that will 10. (significant) boost its space shuttle capability, lower costs and empower future development in this area. 10．考查词性转换。句意：与此同时，中国还正在开发一系列可重复使用的航天发射和运输系统，这将大大提高其航天飞机的能力，降低成本，并为该领域的未来发展提供动力。此处修饰动词boost，应用副词significantly。故填significantly。 答案：significantly $$