Unit 1 The mass media-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版2020）

Unit 1　The mass media 选择性必修第二册 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 （主题语境:人与社会——大众传媒） 【话题词汇】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识　自测落实 核心考点　互动探究 跟踪检测　运用提升 课时作业　巩固提升 基础知识　自测落实 单元词句背诵 一、阅读词汇——知其意 1. minimum n. 最小值，最少量 adj. 最低的，最小的 2. maximum n. 最大量，最大限度 adj. 最高的，最多的 3. discrimination n. 辨别力，识别力；歧视，区别对待 4. elevation n. 提高；提升；海拔 5. slogan n. 标语，口号 6. teapot n. 茶壶 7. brand n. 品牌；类型；烙印 8. ambassador n. 大使，代表 9. placement n. 放置；安置 10. rating n. 收视率；等级，级别 11. housing n. 住房，住宅 12. estate n. 住宅区；（通常指农村的）大片私有土地； 个人财产，（尤指）遗产 二、核心词汇——明其形 1. trap vt. 使落入险境；卡住，绊住 n. 陷阱，罗网；圈套；困境，牢笼 2. release vt. 发布；释放；松开；发泄 n. 释放；发行；排放，泄漏 3. ambulance n. 救护车 4. dozen n. 许多；（一）打；十来个 5. minor adj. 轻微的，次要的 6. bath n. 洗澡，洗浴；浴缸，浴盆 7. scream vi.& vt. 尖叫；高声喊；发出大而尖的声音 n. 尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音 8. bark vi. （狗）吠叫 vt. 厉声发令 n. （狗）吠声；短促响亮的人声；树皮 9. choke vt.& vi. （使）窒息；（使）哽咽，（尤指感情激动而） 说不出话来 10. cigarette n. 香烟 11. carpet n. 地毯；覆盖地面的一层厚东西 12. priority n. 优先事项，首要事情；优先权，重点 13. instance n. 例子，事例 14. false adj. 错误的，不真实的；非天生的；假的，伪造的； 不真诚的 15. citizen n. 公民；市民，居民 16. found vt. 创建，创办；建立，兴建 17. politics n. 政治，政治事务；（个人的）政治观点，政见 18. accuse vt. 谴责，控诉 19. tax n. 税，税款 vt. 对……征税，使纳税 20. mount vi. 逐步增加 vt. 攀登，爬上 n. 山 21. drama n. 戏剧；戏剧性事件 22. scholarship n. 奖学金；学术 23. category n. 类别，种类 24. nevertheless adv. 尽管如此 25. witness vt.& vi. 是发生……的时间（或地点），见证；目击； 作证；是……的迹象 n. 目击者，见证人；证人 26. edition n. 版本；一份，一期；版次 27. platform n. 计算机平台；站台，月台；讲台，舞台 28. interaction n. 互动；互相作用 29. membership n. （统称）会员，会员人数；会员资格 30. chart n. 图表；海图；（the charts）排行榜 vt. 记录；制订计划；绘制区域地图 31. broadcast n. 广播节目，电视节目 vi.& vt.（broadcast，broadcast） 播送，广播；散布，传播 32. channel n. 途径，渠道；电视台；频道；方法；水渠 33. peak adj. 高峰时期的，最高度的 n. 顶峰，高峰；山峰；尖端 vi. 达到高峰，达到最高值 34. boost vt. 使增长，使兴旺 n. 增长，提高；帮助，激励 35. purchase vt. 买，购买 n. 购买，采购；购买的东西，购买项目 36. memorable adj. 难忘的，值得纪念的 37. sponsor vt. 赞助；主办；为慈善活动捐款；资助 n. 赞助商；为慈善活动捐款的人 38. absorb vt. 理解，掌握；吸收；吸引全部注意力 39. discount n. 折扣 vt. 打折出售 40. tailor vt. 专门制作，定做 n. 裁缝 三、拓展词汇——通其变 1. critical adj.批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的→critic n.批评 家；评论家；评论员→critically adv.批判性地→criticism n.批评，指 责→criticize vt.批评，批判 2. extend vi.& vt.延伸（距离）；扩大；延长；伸展→extension n.扩 展；延长→extensive adj.广泛的；广阔的 3. construction n.建筑，建造；建造物→construct vt.建设；修建 4. automatic adj.自动的；无意识的，不假思索的→automatically adv. 无意识地；自动地 5. investigate vt.& vi.侦查，调查；研究→investigation n.调查；研究 6. journalist n.新闻记者，新闻工作者→journalism n.新闻业， 新闻工作 7. contradict vt.相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥→contradictory adj.相互 矛盾的，对立的，不一致的→contradiction n.矛盾 8. factual adj.事实的，真实的→factually adv.真实地→fact n.事实 9. differ vi.相异；意见相左→different adj.不同的→differently adv.不 同地→difference n.不同之处 10. conclusion n.结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成→conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出 11. accurate adj.正确无误的；精确的→accurately adv.精确地；准确 地→accuracy n.准确（性）；精确（程度） 12. committed adj.尽心尽力的→commitment n.承诺，许诺；献身， 投入；花费→commit v.犯（罪）；承诺，忠于（某人） 13. curiosity n.好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品→curious adj.好奇的 →curiously adv.好奇地 14. profession n.行业，职业；同行；宣称，声明→professional adj. 专业的；职业的 n.专业人员 15. advertising n.广告活动，广告业→advertisement n.（informal ad）广告，启事；广告活动，广告宣传→advertise vt.& vi.做广告， 登广告；公布，征聘；展现，宣传→advertiser n.广告商 16. persuasion n.说服，劝说；信仰→persuade vt.说服；使信服 →persuasive adj.有说服力的 17. psychology n.心理，心理特征；心理学→psychological adj. 心理的；精神上的；心理学的→psychologically adv.心理上 地；心理学地 18. amuse vt.（提供）消遣；逗笑→amusement n.娱乐（活动）；愉 悦→amusing adj.有趣的；好笑的→amused adj.觉得好笑的 1. dozens of 很多，许多 2. come about 发生 3. for instance 例如，比如 4. bring sth.to light 揭露，披露 5. sum up 总结，概括 6. be committed to 致力于 7. mount up （尺寸和数量上）增加，上升 8. spring up 迅速出现，突然兴起 9. get across 被传达，被理解，把……讲清楚 10. brighten up （使）增添乐趣；使更艳丽 11. put out 扑灭；出版 12. break out 爆发 13. rely on 依靠；依赖 14. take...as an example 以……为例 15. in terms of 谈及，就……而言 常见结构 1. “sb./sth.＋be＋过去分词＋to do”结构 2. be about to do...when... 3. the＋比较级...，the＋比较级... 4. not only...but （also）...倒装句型 5. It is/was the first/second/...time that... 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.词汇默写 一、核心词汇 1. vt.使落入险境；卡住，绊住 n.陷阱，罗网；圈套；困 境，牢笼 2. vt.发布；释放；松开；发泄 n.释放；发行；排 放，泄漏 3. n.许多；（一）打；十来个 4. adj.轻微的，次要的 trap　 release　 dozen　 minor　 5. n.洗澡，洗浴；浴缸，浴盆 6. vi.& vt.尖叫；高声喊；发出大而尖的声音 n.尖叫，尖 锐刺耳的声音 7. vi.（狗）吠叫 vt.厉声发令 n.（狗）吠声；短促响亮的 人声；树皮 8. vt.& vi.（使）窒息；（使）哽咽，（尤指感情激动 而）说不出话来 9. n.优先事项，首要事情；优先权，重点 bath　 scream　 bark　 choke　 priority　 10. adj.错误的，不真实的；非天生的；假的，伪造的； 不真诚的 11. vt.创建，创办；建立，兴建 12. vt.谴责，控诉 13. n.税，税款 vt.对……征税，使纳税 14. vi.逐步增加 vt.攀登，爬上 n.山 15. adv.尽管如此 16. vt.& vi.是发生……的时间（或地点），见证；目 击；作证；是……的迹象 n.目击者，见证人；证人 false　 found　 accuse　 tax　 mount　 nevertheless　 witness　 17. n.图表；海图；（the charts）排行榜 vt.记录；制订计 划；绘制区域地图 18. n.广播节目，电视节目 vi.& vt.（broadcast， broadcast）播送，广播；散布，传播 19. adj.高峰时期的，最高度的 n.顶峰，高峰；山峰；尖 端 vi.达到高峰，达到最高值 20. vt.使增长，使兴旺 n.增长，提高；帮助，激励 21. vt.买，购买 n.购买，采购；购买的东西，购 买项目 chart　 broadcast　 peak　 boost　 purchase　 22. adj.难忘的，值得纪念的 23. vt.赞助；主办；为慈善活动捐款；资助 n.赞助商； 为慈善活动捐款的人 24. vt.理解，掌握；吸收；吸引全部注意力 25. n.折扣 vt.打折出售 26. vt.专门制作，定做 n.裁缝 memorable　 sponsor　 absorb　 discount　 tailor　 二、拓展词汇 1. adj.批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的 → adv.批判性地；苛求地→ n.批评家，评论 家；批评者，挑剔的人 2. vi.& vt.延伸（距离）；扩大；延长；伸展 → adj.广阔的；广泛的→ adv.广阔地； 广泛地→ n.扩大，延伸；（为非全日制学生开设的） 进修部，进修课 critical　 critically　 critic　 extend　 extensive　 extensively　 extension　 3. n.建筑，建造；建造物→ v.建筑， 建造；创建→ adj.建设性的→ ⁠ adv.建设性地 4. adj.自动的；无意识的，不假思索的 → adv.自动地；无意识地 5. vt.& vi.侦查，调查；研究→ n. （正式的）调查，侦查；科学研究，学术研究→ n. 调查者，侦查员 construction　 construct　 constructive　 constructively　 automatic　 automatically　 investigate　 investigation　 investigator　 6. n.新闻记者，新闻工作者→ n.新闻 业，新闻工作→ n.报纸，杂志；日记 7. vt.相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥→ ⁠ adj.相互矛盾的，对立的→ n.矛盾，对立；反驳， 驳斥 8. vi.相异；意见相左→ adj.不同的，有区别 的→ adv.不同地，有差异地→ n.差 异，不同（之处）；意见分歧 journalist　 journalism　 journal　 contradict　 contradictory　 contradiction　 differ　 different　 differently　 difference　 9. n.结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达 成 vt.& vi.断定，推断出；达成，订立；（使）结束， 终止 10. adj.正确无误的；精确的→ adv.精确 地→ n.准确（性），精确（程度） 11. adj.尽心尽力的→ vt.承诺，保证；花 （钱或时间）；犯（罪）vi.全心全意投入，忠于→ ⁠ n.承诺，许诺；献身，投入；花费 conclusion　 conclude　 accurate　 accurately　 accuracy　 committed　 commit　 commitment　 12. n.好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品→ adj. 好奇的；奇特的→ adv.好奇地 13. n.行业，职业；同行；宣称，声明 → adj.职业的，专业的；娴熟的，精通业务的 n.专 门人员，专业人士→ n.教授；讲师，教员 14. n.说服，劝说；信仰→ vt.说服；使 信服→ adj.有说服力的，令人信服的 curiosity　 curious　 curiously　 profession　 professional　 professor　 persuasion　 persuade　 persuasive　 15. n.广告，启事；广告活动，广告宣传 → vt.& vi.做广告，登广告；公布，征聘；展现，宣传 → n.广告活动，广告业 16. n.心理，心理特征；心理学→ ⁠ adj.心理的，精神上的；心理学的→ adv.心理上 地；心理学地→ n.心理学家，心理学研究者 17. vt.（提供）消遣；逗笑→ adj.有乐趣 的，逗人笑的→ adj.逗乐的，觉得好笑的 → n.消遣活动；娱乐 advertisement　 advertise　 advertising　 psychology　 psychological　 psychologically　 psychologist　 amuse　 amusing　 amused　 amusement　 Ⅱ.语块默写 1. 很多，许多 2. 发生 3. 例如，比如 4. 揭露，披露 5. 总结，概括 6. 致力于 7. （尺寸和数量上）增加，上升 8. 迅速出现，突然兴起 dozens of　 come about　 for instance　 bring sth.to light　 sum up　 be committed to　 mount up　 spring up　 9. 被传达，被理解，把……讲清楚 10. （使）增添乐趣；使更艳丽 11. 扑灭；出版 12. 爆发 13. 依靠；依赖 14. 以……为例 15. 谈及，就……而言 get across　 brighten up　 put out　 break out　 rely on　 take...as an example　 in terms of　 Ⅲ.课文佳句 1. “sb./sth.＋be＋过去分词＋to do”结构 The fire， from the 8th floor， spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night，leaving people on the upper floors trapped. 周日晚上的大火被认为是从九楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座公寓大 楼，把高楼层的人们困在里面。 which is thought to have started　 2. be about to do...when... I ⁠ I heard people screaming and dogs barking. 我正要洗澡，就听到有人尖叫，还有狗在叫。 3. the＋比较级...，the＋比较级... ，the more we will be attracted to buy the product. 我们越喜欢这位品牌大使，就越会受其吸引去购买相关产品。 was about to have a bath when　 The more we like the brand ambassador　 4. not only...but （also）...倒装句型 ⁠ more valued and enable them to see what they are most interested in，but it will also help companies target their customers more efficiently to have a positive effect on sales. 这不仅会让他们（消费者）觉得自己更受重视，还能让他们看到自 己最感兴趣的内容，此外也能帮助公司更加有效地锁定目标客户， 从而对销量产生积极影响。 Not only will this make them feel　 5. It is/was the first/second/...time that... Though ⁠ a volunteer programme like this，they were eager to share various interesting topics with the residents... 虽然这是许多学生第一次参加这样的志愿者项目，但他们很渴望与 住在养老院里的人们分享各种有趣的话题…… it was the first time many of the students had taken part in　 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.词性转换 1. （2023·北京卷）However，the rankings ignore a ⁠ （critic） factor: the quality of teaching. 2. （人教B4U2） Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture， （minor） cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture，with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants. critical　 minority　 3. （外研B2U1） Each day at the （construct） site is more or less the same—tiring！ 4. （人教B5U1） In general，doctors in those days had two （contradict） theories to explain how cholera spread. 5. （人教B4U3） As you wander around the fantasy ⁠ （amuse） park，you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or even on the street. construction　 contradictory　 amusement　 6. （人教B7U5）In （conclude），career aptitude tests are clearly a very useful tool. 7. （人教B7U3）Trade and （curious） have often formed the foundation of mankind’s greatest achievements. 8. （外研B5U1） I know I could get a bank loan to pay the deposit on my very own apartment，but I don’t feel ready to make that kind of （commit），and I do like my mom’s cooking. conclusion　 curiosity　 commitment　 9. （人教B7U2） They spend quite a lot of time eating，sleeping，and hanging onto tree trunks，so （interact） with humans can cause them a lot of stress. 10. （人教B5U4）They were surprised to see that all the signs and （advertise） were in French and many people spoke English with an accent. interaction　 advertisements　 Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. The foreigner spoke slowly but his meaning didn’t ⁠ （让路人理解）. 2. In spite of all his efforts，his debts continued to （增 加）. 3. He is so kind a man that he （致 力于帮助其他人） all the time. 4. According to the forecast，it should （晚些时 候放晴） and we can go climbing as planned. get across to passers-by　 mount up　 is committed to helping others　 brighten up later　 5. Can you tell us how it （发生） that you came to the meeting so late？ 6. With the development of society，a burst of vitality is ⁠ （涌现） in the tourist industry. 7. There are a number of improvements； （例如）， both mouse buttons can now be used. 8. Volunteers climbed （很多层楼梯） to deliver water and food to the elderly people trapped in high-rise buildings. came about　 springing up　 for instance　 dozens of flights of stairs　 9. We hope the police will ⁠ （披露更多有关这个盗窃案的事实）. 10. A good student usually knows how to （总 结知识） in good time. bring more facts about the theft to light　 sum up knowledge　 Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 这部小说在全世界都很有名，据说已经被译成了中文。 This novel is well-known all over the world and it ⁠ ⁠ Chinese. 2. 我正要出门，这时一个远亲来看我了。 ⁠ a distant relative came to visit me. 3. 你学习越努力，取得的进步就越大。 ⁠ is said to have been translated into　 I was about to go out when　 The harder you study，the greater progress you will make.　 4. 那是我平生第一次来到长城参观。（It was the first time that...） ⁠ to the Great Wall for a visit. 5. 这些电影不仅赚钱，还被认为是有创意的。 Not only ⁠ but they were also perceived to be original. It was the first time in my life that I had come　 were these movies making money　 核心考点　互动探究 1. trap vt.使落入险境；卡住，绊住 n.陷阱，罗网；圈套；困 境，牢笼 ① （trap） in the mine，the workers felt worried and frightened all the time. ②The eye-catching advertisements will trap us ⁠ buying more goods. Trapped　 into　 → ，the miners were finally rescued.（过去分词短语作状语） ④因为交通堵塞，我们开会迟到了。 ，we were late for the meeting. Trapped in the mine for two days　 Having been trapped in traffic　 ③After they had been trapped in the mine for two days，the miners were finally rescued. [名师点津]　be trapped in表示“被困在……”，其同义短语还 有be/get stuck in，be/get caught in，be/get locked in，be/get blocked in等。 （1）be trapped in 被困在…… ，陷入…… trap sb.into （doing） sth.诱骗某人（做）某事 （2）set/lay a trap （for） （为…… ） 设下圈套 fall into the trap of doing sth.落入……陷阱 2. release vt.松开 （let go）；释放 （set free）；发布 （become sth.to be bought，seen，or known）；发泄n.泄漏，排放；发行； 释放 ①He was released ⁠ the pain of failing the exam. ②The birds were cleaned and fed and （release）again into the wild. ③在训练员确定那条鲸鱼可以照顾好自己后，他把它放入了大海。 After the trainer was sure that the whale could look after itself， he ⁠. from　 released　 released it into the sea　 （1）release...from...把……从……中释放 （2）the release of...放飞/释放/发布…… the latest release最新发布（的产品） a release from prison从监狱释放 press release新闻稿 3. extend vi.& vt.延伸（距离）；扩大；延长；伸展 ①It might be possible to the technique ⁠ other crop plants. ②His report contained serious criticisms of the finance director，and， by （extend），of the entire board of management. ③The sense of belonging for the Chinese nation must be established； （extend） exchanges，communication and integration of various ethnic groups must be promoted. extend　 to　 extension　 extensive　 ④Furthermore，there seems to be a problem that this type of argument could not ⁠ private behavior too. ⑤我肯定你们会同我一起向我们的客人表示热烈的欢迎。 I’m sure you will join me in ⁠ ⁠. extend to　 extending a very warm welcome to our visitors　 （1）extend （sth.） into （把……）扩大或延长到…… （范围内） extend （sth.） to （使）达到，伸展到 extend sb.sth.＝extend sth.to sb.向某人表示/发出…… （2）extension n.延长；伸展；延期 by extension引申开来 （3）extensive adj.广阔的，广泛的；大量的 4. contradict vt.相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥 ①What he did was completely （contradict） to what he said. contradictory　 ②All evening the son （contradict） everything his mother said. ③There is a （contradict） between the two statements. ④你的两种说法互相矛盾，这使我感到困惑。 Your two statements ，which makes me puzzled. contradicted　 contradiction　 contradict each other　 （1）contradict oneself自相矛盾 contradict each other相互矛盾 （2）contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 （3）contradiction n.矛盾；反驳，驳斥 in contradiction to与……相矛盾 a contradiction between A and B　A与B相互矛盾 5. differ vi.相异；意见相左 ①The twins look similar.Nevertheless，they ⁠ each other ⁠ character and other aspects. ②（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Little by little，these （differ） kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. differ from　 in　 different　 ③西方国家的习俗和中国的习俗有着明显的不同。 →Customs in Western countries ⁠ those in China.（differ） →Customs in Western countries ⁠ those in China.（different） →There are ⁠ customs in Western countries and those in China.（difference） differ obviously from　 are obviously different from　 obvious differences between　 ④我坚信如果每个人都努力一点，我们将起很大作用。 I hold the firm belief that we can ⁠if everyone makes a little effort. make a great difference　 （1）differ in在……方面不同 differ from与……不同 （2）difference n.不同之处 make a difference起作用；有影响 （3）different adj.不同的 be different from与……不同 6. conclusion n.结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成 ① conclusion，we should give a second thought to these ratings  before buying some products or services. In　 ②我从我自己的经历中得出结论:有志者，事竟成。 → ⁠ that where there is a will，there is a way.（conclusion） → ⁠ that where there is a will，there is a way.（conclude） I drew/came to/arrived at/reached a conclusion from my own experiences　 I concluded from my own experiences　 （1）draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出结论 in conclusion总之 （2）conclude v.得出结论；断定，推断出；结束 conclude 从……中推断出…… to conclude总而言之，最后 conclude...with...以……结束…… 7. committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 ①Smoking is （commit） suicide slowly. ②He commits an hour to （read） newspapers every morning. ③A career as an actor requires one hundred percent ⁠ （commit）. committing　 reading　 commitment　 ④如果被接纳为志愿者，我将投身于全运会。 →If admitted as a volunteer， ⁠ the National Games.（commit） →If admitted as a volunteer， ⁠ the National Games.（committed） I will commit myself to　 I will be committed to　 ⑤如果你做了一个你确信无疑自己可以遵守的承诺——或者更 好、更优秀地达成这个承诺——你将为许多未来的成功和成长 打下基础。 ⁠ that you know without a doubt you can keep—or even better，exceed—you will build a foundation for many future successes and growth. If you make a commitment　 （1）be committed to致力于 （2）commit vt.承诺；犯（罪）；保证；花（钱或时间） vi.全心全 意投入，忠于 commit oneself to doing承诺；保证（做某事、遵守协议或 安排） commit murder/a crime/a mistake犯杀人罪/犯罪/犯错 commit sth.to （doing） sth.投入 （3）commitment n.投入；奉献；承诺，许诺；献身；花费 make a commitment 做出承诺/保证 8. accuse vt.谴责，控诉 ①The （accuse） was found innocent. ②This company （accuse） of using misleading advertisements in its promotion of the weight loss products. ③When a person was a crime，his future would be judged by the public. ④They accused me of taking bribes. →They me ⁠ taking bribes. accused　 was accused　 accused of　 charged　 with　 （1）accuse sb.of＝charge sb.with指责/控告某人…… accuse sb.for sth.为某事指责某人 （2）the accused被告 9. witness n.目击者，见证人；证人 vt.& vi.是发生……的时间（或 地点），见证；目击；作证；是……的迹象 ①He will be the lawyer to witness ⁠ you. ②She witnessed to （see） the man enter the building. ③I was a witness ⁠ the accident. for　 having seen/seeing　 to　 ④When the old man walked out of the park，he happened to see the road accident. →When the old man walked out of the park，he ⁠ the road accident. ⑤这次事故的目击者向警察作证，并答应作为证人。 The who had the accident ⁠ the police and promised to be a ⁠. witnessed　 witness　 witnessed　 gave witness to　 witness　 （1）a witness/witnesses to... ……的证人 （2）witness for作证；为……辩护 give witness （to sth.）为……作证；证明 witness to （to为介词）为……作证；出庭证明；证实；说明 10. persuade vt.说服 （talk into）；劝说；使相信，使信服 （convince） ①While shopping，people sometimes can’t resist being persuaded into （buy） what they don’t really need. buying　 ②My close friend persuaded me not （oppose） the idea he came up with at the meeting. →My close friend persuaded me out of （oppose） the idea he came up with at the meeting. to oppose　 opposing　 ③Though I had her for many times，I couldn’t ⁠ her to go abroad with me because her life experience had ⁠ her that she could not live on without her parents.（persuade/advise） ④在被说服改变态度之后，我终于找到了正确的方法来改掉粗心大 意的毛病，也获得了信心。 ，I finally got the right way to rid myself of carelessness and gained confidence as well. advised　 persuade　 persuaded　 Having been persuaded to change my attitude　 说服某人做某事 说服某人不做某事 试图说服某人做某事（但未必说服 成功） （4）persuasion n.说服，劝说；信仰 persuasive adj.有说服力的 11. absorb vt.吸引全部注意力；吸收 （take in）；理解 （pick out），掌握 ①Plants absorb carbon dioxide ⁠ the air and release oxygen. ②When deeply （absorb） in work，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. from　 absorbed　 → ，Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.（现在分词短语作状语） → ，Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.（过去分词短语作状语） Absorbing himself in his work　 Absorbed in his work　 ③Tom was absorbed in his work，so he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting. [实战贴士]　be absorbed in （doing） sth.在句中作状语、定语时， 常用absorbed in...。类似的结构还有①be lost in...陷入…… ；专心致 志于…… 　②be caught in...被困在…… 　③be buried in...埋头 于…… 　④be devoted to...致力于…… ；专心于…… 　⑤be occupied in...忙于…… 　⑥be involved in...专注于…… （1）absorb one’s attention吸引某人的注意 （be） absorbed in...全神贯注于…… absorb...into...把……吸收进…… absorb...from...从……中吸收…… （2）absorbing adj.引人入胜的 12. amuse vt.（提供）消遣 （cause to spend time in a pleasant manner）；逗笑 （make sb.laugh） ①The announcer broadcast a piece of （amuse） news， making us burst into laughter. ②He stopped and watched in （amuse） to see the child so absorbed. amusing　 amusement　 ③小男孩因他在动物园里看到的事情而开心。 → （amused adj.） → （what引导的主 语从句） → （强 调句型；amuse vt.） The little boy was amused at what he saw in the zoo.　 What the little boy saw in the zoo amused him.　 It was what the little boy saw in the zoo that amused him.　 （1）amuse oneself with以……自娱 （2）to one’s amusement让某人感到愉快的是 in/with amusement愉快地；津津有味地 （3）amused adj.（感到）愉快的；逗乐的 be amused at/by因……而乐；以……为乐 （4）amusing adj.好玩的；好笑的；有趣的 13. come about 发生 ①How these behavioural changes come was，until recently，obscure. about　 ②In the last twenty years or so，many people have come ⁠ believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress. ③It will be so great watching the sun come u p. ④I hope you can come up ⁠ a better plan than this. ⑤I came ⁠ a group of children playing. to　 with　 across　 up　 come up走近；上来；发生；出现；被提及/讨论；长出地面，发 芽；（太阳、月亮）升起；被提出 come up with提出 come up to达到（某点）；达到（某标准） come across （偶然）遇见，发现 come along跟着；到达；出现 come out出版；开花；发芽 come on快点；加油；得了吧 come to涉及；达到；共计；停住 14. get across 被传达，被理解，把……讲清楚 ①News soon ⁠ that the citizens in the city accused the mayor of corruption. ②It is because she can’t her shyness that you can’t persuade her to sing a song in public. ③It took us a long time to ⁠ to the foreigners the process of making tea. ④Because Anna made good preparations for the job interview，she finally ⁠ it. got around　 get over　 get across　 got through　 get over越过；克服 get into上（车）；进入；陷入 get through通过；接通（电话）；熬过（困难时期） get along/on with与……相处；进展 get down to （doing...）开始认真（做） …… get around四处走动；（消息等）传播 15. [教材原句]　The fire，which is thought to have started from the 8th floor，spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night，leaving people on the upper floors trapped.周日晚上的大火 被认为是从九楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座公寓大楼，把高楼层的人 们困在里面。 ①Yang Liwei is thought （make） great contributions to our country. ②They are said （build） a new school in our city now. to have made　 to be building　 ③It is thought that Loulan （cover） over by sands many years ago. ④He is believed to be a promising athlete in the future. → ⁠ he will be a promising athlete in the future. ⑤People hope that a new hospital should be built near the community. → ⁠ a new hospital should be built near the community. was covered　 It is believed that　 It is hoped that　 （1）sb.＋be ＋过去分词＋ to do sth.（未发生）/to be doing sth. （正在发生）/to have done sth.（已经发生） （2）用于本句型的动词有say，think，believe，expect，report， consider，suppose等。 （3）sb.＋be ＋过去分词＋ to do sth.＝It be ＋过去分词＋ that... 跟踪检测　运用提升 层级一 核心知识精准练 过基础 维度1　单句语法填空 1. （2023·北京卷） You are self-motivated and ⁠ （commit）. 2. （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷） Adults are portrayed （描绘） alone in many settings and poses— （absorb） in a volume，deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. committed　 absorbed　 3. （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what （trap） they encountered that you should avoid. 4. （2022·新高考Ⅱ卷 ） But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest ⁠ （differ）. traps　 difference　 5. （2022·北京卷） Crystal knew that visions alone don’t produce results，but concluded “we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision”. 6. （2022·新高考Ⅱ卷） His father frequently （amuse） the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. that　 amused　 7. （2022·新高考Ⅱ卷） Over the last seven years，most states have banned texting by drivers，and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people （put） down their phones when they are behind the wheel. 8. （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷） The plan will extend protection ⁠ a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected. 9. Nowadays the （prior） for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. to put　 to　 priority　 维度2　熟词生义 1. trap A. n.陷阱/圈套 B. vt.使困住，使落入困境 C. vt.使……陷入圈套 D. vt.捕捉 （1）It was reported that some miners were trapped underground after the collapse. ⁠ （2）I felt I had been trapped into accepting the terms of the contract. ⁠ B　 C　 （3）The only thing the wolf could do was to climb up to the ground from the trap. ⁠ （4）It is cruel to trap birds or wild animals for interests and our government has set laws to protect them. ⁠ A　 D　 A. n.陷阱/圈套 B. vt.使困住，使落入困境 C. vt.使……陷入圈套 D. vt.捕捉 2. absorb A. v.吸收 B. v.理解，掌握 C. v.吸引，使专心 D. v.吞并 （1）Things in color can often absorb children’s attention easily. ⁠ （2）Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air. ⁠ （3）I’ve been busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me. ⁠ （4）Most small shops have been absorbed into big businesses due to the influence of the global financial crisis. ⁠ C　 A　 B　 D　 3. We drew water in a bucket from the well outside the door. ⁠ 4. In order to catch the thieves，the police set a trap for them. ⁠ ⁠ 5. If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air，don’t leave work without them. ⁠ 6. So many new ideas！It’s all rather too much for me to absorb all at once. ⁠ 7. Music is a great channel for releasing your emotions. ⁠ ⁠ n.井　 n.罗网，陷阱 n.发布　 vt.理解　 n.方法，手段 维度3　完成句子/一句多译/句型转换/句式升级 1. 让我们觉得好笑的是，在戏弄孩子们的时候，他的假胡子掉 了下来。 ，his false beard fell off while he was playing jokes on the children. 2. 汤姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她这件事。 ①Tom ⁠ that he forgot to inform her of it. To our amusement　 was so absorbed in his work　 ② ⁠ that he forgot to inform her of it.（含so...that...的倒装句） ③ ，Tom forgot to inform her of it.（过去分 词短语作状语） So absorbed was Tom in his work　 Absorbed in his work　 3. 我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。 ①I ⁠ my best friend encouraged me to go on.（be about to） ②I ⁠ my best friend encouraged me to go on.（be on the point of） was about to give up when　 was on the point of giving up when　 4. He had an urgent thing to deal with.That was why he didn’t attend the meeting. →He didn’t attend the meeting. ⁠ he had an urgent thing to deal with. 5. The thief who was trapped in the house attempted to escape from the window. →The thief ⁠ attempted to escape from the window.（过去分词短语作定语） That was because　 trapped in the house　 层级二 必备素养提升练 提能力 提能1　应用文写作 　　根据表格，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确 形式写一篇短文，介绍社交媒体的利与弊。 利 1.便于和亲友沟通；2.获取信息更加便利 弊 1.有虚假信息，容易让人上当受骗；2.很多人玩手机软 件时间过长，损害视力 你的看法 …… 　　① （development， social media），some apps ② ⁠ （popularity） among people.They have both advantages and disadvantages. First of all，they ③ （allow，connect） our family and friends in the distance for free.Besides，they make it convenient to get a variety of information. With the development of social media　 enjoy great popularity　 allow us to connect with　 The negative aspects are also apparent.For one thing，some information offered on social media is false and it may ④ ⁠ （result，cheat）.For another，some people spend too much time on it，⑤ ⁠ （cause，damage） their eyesight. From my perspective，they contribute to an easier life but we should use them properly. result in people being cheated　 which may cause great damage to　 提能2　单元读写结合 [教材续写语料] 人 物 描 写 journalist n.新闻记者，新闻工作者 curiosity n.好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品 citizen n.公民；市民，居民 committed adj.尽心尽力的 动 作 描 写 scream vi.& vt.尖叫；高声喊；发出大而尖的声音 bark vi.（狗）吠叫 vt.厉声发令 witness vt.& vi.是发生……的时间（或地点），见证；目击； 作证；是……的迹象 broadcast vi.& vt.（broadcast，broadcast） 播送，广播；散 布，传播 环 境 描 写 housing estate住宅区，住宅群 ambulance n.救护车 memorable adj.难忘的，值得纪念的 [续写语料运用] 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答 案并背诵该语段。 在一个雨夜，医生汤姆下班回家。当他走近一处住宅区时，听 到一只狗在吠叫。然后，他似乎听到有人在尖叫。出于好奇，他环 顾四周，看到一个人躺在地上。他走向前，看看发生了什么。意识 到这个人心脏病发作了，汤姆迅速对他进行了急救。不久，救护车 来了，并把那个人带到了医院。对他来说，这是一个令人难忘的夜 晚。第二天，汤姆很惊讶这件事在电视上播出了。他被告知他救下 的那个人是一名很敬业的记者。 On a rainy night，Tom，a doctor，went back home after work. When he approached a housing estate，he . And then，he seemed to ⁠.Out of curiosity，he looked around，witnessing a man lying on the ground.He came up to see what had happened.Realizing the man suffered from a heart attack，Tom gave him first aid quickly.After a while， ，and took the man to the hospital.For him， .The next day，Tom was surprised that ⁠. He was told that the man he had saved was a committed journalist. heard a dog barking hear someone screaming　 the ambulance arrived　 it was a memorable night　 the incident was broadcast on TV　 课时作业　巩固提升 主题语篇素养强化 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A （2023·湖南岳阳六校联考）When romantic partners argue over things like finances，jealousy，or other interpersonal issues，they tend to employ their current feelings as fuel for a heated argument. But thinking about the future helps overcome relationship conflicts，according to a study by the University of Waterloo just published online in Social Psychological and Personality Science.Alex Huynh，a doctoral candidate in psychology，is the lead author of the study，which he published with Igor Grossmann from the University of Waterloo，and Daniel Yang from Yale University. Previous research has shown that third-perspective reasoning can be a positive strategy for reconciliation （调解） of interpersonal struggles. Huynh and his collaborators investigated whether the similar benefit can be induced by simply thinking about the future. Study participants were instructed to reflect on a recent conflict with a romantic partner or a close friend.One group of participants was then asked to describe how they would feel about the conflict one year in the future，while another group was asked to describe how they feel in the present. The team examined participants’ written responses through a text analysis program for their use of pronouns such as I，me，she，he. These choices of pronouns were used to capture participants’ focus on the feelings and behaviour of those involved in the conflict.Written responses were also examined for forgiveness and reinterpreting the conflict more positively，both of which implied the participants’ use of reasoning strategies. The researchers found that envisioning （展望） future relationships affected both participants’ focus on their feelings and their reasoning strategies.As a result，participants reported more positivity about their relationships altogether，especially when study participants extended their thinking about the relationships a year into the future. “Our study demonstrates that adopting a future-oriented perspective in the context of a relationship conflict—reflecting on how one might feel a year from now—may be a valuable coping tool for one’s psychological happiness and relationship well-being，” said Huynh. 　　【语篇解读】　研究人员发现，展望未来可以帮助解决人际关 系方面的冲突。 1. What do romantic partners do in face of most disagreements？ A. They lose faith in their future. B. They look forward to a fierce conflict. C. They focus on their present feelings. D. They care more about financial problems. 答案:C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When romantic partners argue over things...they tend to employ their current feelings as fuel for a heated argument.”可知，伴侣在争吵的时候比较关注当前的感受。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. What does the underlined word “induced” in paragraph 2 most probably mean？ A. Explained. B. Caused. C. Reduced. D. Improved. 答案:B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。明题意:本题问“第二段中的画线词‘induced’可能是 什么意思？”→寻线索:根据语境可知，画线词所在句中的the similar benefit指的是与上文中提到的reconciliation of interpersonal struggles相似的益处，上文中提到的益处是由third-perspective reasoning产生的，因此研究人员想知道simply thinking about the future是不是也可以产生相似的效果→定答案:A项“解释”，B项 “使产生”，C项“减少”，D项“改进”。故B项与画线词的意义 最为接近。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. What do we know about the study？ A. The reasoning strategies in participants’ written responses were well worthy of note. B. Study participants described their recent relationships with their romantic partners or friends. C. A text analysis program was employed to examine participants’ use of negative words. D. All the study participants described how they feel both in the present and in the future. 答案:A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Written responses were also examined...reasoning strategies.”可推知，参与者书面答复中暗含的 推理策略同样值得关注。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. What can be the best title for the text？ A. You Have a Year to Solve Your Interpersonal Problems！ B. Beneficial Reasoning Is a Positive Strategy for Reconciliation！ C. Your Current Feelings Are the Real Cause of Your Heated Arguments！ D. Thinking About Future Is Essential for Relationship Maintenance！ 答案:D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，此类文章的主题一般 为研究结果。根据第一段中的“But thinking about the future helps overcome relationship conflicts，according to a study by the University of Waterloo”可知，研究表明展望未来可以帮助解决人际关系方面 的冲突，故D项最适合作本文的标题。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B （2024·广东六校高三联考）Whenever I get really depressed and anxious，my first impulse is to reach for my phone.Maybe I’ll get a message from a friend or discover some new distraction on social media. Unfortunately，during the past couple of years，one glance at my screen often makes me want to crawl back into bed. That changed after I made friends with a strange creature named Webot.I’m finding that it makes me feel better—and it might work for you too.Like many apps，Webot sends me messages at random.But instead of tempting me into doom scrolling with shocking news alerts， Webot asks how I’m doing.When I text Webot my troubles，it asks me friendly questions，encourages me，and invites me to express some of my darkest thoughts.There is something intensely comforting about discussing your thoughts with a machine. There are many therapy apps on the market，both free （like Webot） and paid for.But Webot is a particularly interesting case. Psychology researcher Alison Darcy at Stanford University created it after years of study.She says it was challenging on both a technical and artistic level because the chatbot is a character with its own personality.“It’s as careful a construction as you might find in a novel or poetry.Webot’s personality is humble，warm and wise，” as Darcy puts it，“Webot isn’t an all-knowing authority.It is a mental health ally”. Best of all，Webot is always there，even when I’m lying awake in the middle of the night.That’s exactly the point，according to Darcy. “Your therapist should not be in bed with you at 2 a.m.，” she laughs. But Webot can be.You can pull up Webot at the exact moment you need it most. It is working.Last year，Darcy and her colleagues published a study showing that people like me are forming “bonds” with Webot. Bonding is a “meaningful” process of “getting something off your chest，or managing your thoughts more objectively”. And you know what？ In the bizarre world of 2023，it might be healthier to bond with a robot than be “engaged” on social media. 体裁:夹叙夹议文 主题语境:人与社会——大众媒体——聊天机器Webot 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，通过讲述自身与聊天 机器Webot之间的良好体验，推荐大家使用Webot。 5. What does the underlined word “That” in paragraph 2 refer to？ A. I lost interest in my phone. B. I was tired of social media. C. My phone didn’t understand my impulse. D. My phone didn’t help me feel any better. 答案:D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。画线词前面的第一段的内容提到作者一开始没能 在手机中找到乐趣，瞥一眼手机屏幕就会想回到床上；画线词 所在句子及后两句提到，使用了Webot这款软件才开始让作者觉 得好受一些，说明以前玩手机没能让作者觉得好受，画线词指 代的是这一情况。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. According to the text，what do we know about Webot？ A. It bonds with me through social media. B. It is a creature that makes me feel better. C. It communicates with me and offers comfort. D. It is a therapist helping me manage my thoughts. 答案:C 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，作者与Webot聊天时， Webot会与作者交流，比如问一些友好的问题、鼓励作者等等，让 作者觉得与机器交流自己的想法会感到欣慰。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. From Darcy’s perspective，why can Webot make us feel better？ A. Because it can build mental connection with us. B. Because it is free and has a favorable personality. C. Because it is carefully constructed in a novel or poetry. D. Because it can keep us informed of shocking news alert. 答案:A 细节理解题。根据第三段Darcy的话可知，Webot为我们的心理健康 提供支持，可以给我们建立心理联结，从而让我们觉得好受一些。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. What is the author’s purpose of writing this text？ A. To urge us to quit social media. B. To show us the functions of Webot. C. To propose us interacting with Webot. D. To encourage us to share our thoughts. 答案:C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 写作意图题。通读全文，作者一开始讲述自己以往玩手机没能让自 己开心的烦恼，后来分享了接触Webot这款软件的经历，表示这款 软件的优点，介绍软件能够让自己变得好受一些的原因，还引用了 软件的设计者Darcy的话来说明这款软件在安抚人心方面的作用， 由此推知，这篇文章主要是想推荐大家去体验Webot这款软件。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——大众媒体——如何避免社交媒体中的嫉 妒感 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何避免 社交媒体中的嫉妒感。 （2023·广东四校联考）Are you frequently depressed by the feeling that life is leaving you behind particularly when you look over social media sites and are faced with all the exciting things your friends are up to？  　111　 FOMO，or Fear of Missing Out refers to the perception that other people’s lives are superior to our own.It appears as a deep sense of envy，and constant exposure to it can have a weakening effect on our self-esteem （自尊）. 1 2 3 4 5 1. A. If so，you are not alone. B. Value your friends in real life. C. Learn to appreciate the positives. D. Why does it have such a stimulating effect？ E. They are probably no more real than the funniest reality TV show. F. The feeling that we are left out has long-term damaging psychological consequences. G. Have you ever chosen photos that lead others to the rosiest conclusions about your life？ 答案:A 1 2 3 4 5 根据前句及下一段的内容可知，空处为承上启下句，即强烈的嫉妒 感是很多人都有的感觉，引出下文对FOMO的介绍。A项符合上下 文语境。 1 2 3 4 5 While feelings of envy and lack of confidence seem to be human nature，social media seems to have added fuel to the fire.  　2　 Social media，with its built-in appeal，allows us to share only the best presentations of our life，while leaving out the more boring aspects. Although this could be characterized as dishonest，it is the atmosphere social media seems to demand.So how do we avoid being trapped into our own insecurities by social media？ 2. 1 2 3 4 5 A. If so，you are not alone. B. Value your friends in real life. C. Learn to appreciate the positives. D. Why does it have such a stimulating effect？ E. They are probably no more real than the funniest reality TV show. F. The feeling that we are left out has long-term damaging psychological consequences. G. Have you ever chosen photos that lead others to the rosiest conclusions about your life？ 答案:D 1 2 3 4 5 根据前句和后文的内容可知，空处提问社交媒体为什么会有火 上浇油的刺激作用，以引出下文对其原因的介绍。D项符合上下 文语境。 1 2 3 4 5 Consider your own social media posts.  　3　 Well，so have others. And what they’ve left hidden is the fact that boredom，loneliness and unpleasant chores are an unavoidable part of everyone’s life，and you’re not the only one feeling left out. 3. 1 2 3 4 5 A. If so，you are not alone. B. Value your friends in real life. C. Learn to appreciate the positives. D. Why does it have such a stimulating effect？ E. They are probably no more real than the funniest reality TV show. F. The feeling that we are left out has long-term damaging psychological consequences. G. Have you ever chosen photos that lead others to the rosiest conclusions about your life？ 答案:G 1 2 3 4 5 根据前句和后文的内容可知，呈现在社交媒体上一般都是经过选择 过的，代表生活美好方面的。G项符合上下文语境。 1 2 3 4 5  　4　 You may not be a regular at fancy parties or a climber of dizzying peaks，but you have your health，a place to live and real friends who appreciate your presence in their lives. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 A. If so，you are not alone. B. Value your friends in real life. C. Learn to appreciate the positives. D. Why does it have such a stimulating effect？ E. They are probably no more real than the funniest reality TV show. F. The feeling that we are left out has long-term damaging psychological consequences. G. Have you ever chosen photos that lead others to the rosiest conclusions about your life？ 答案:C 1 2 3 4 5 空处为本段主题句，根据后文的内容可知，本段主要介绍要学会欣 赏积极的事物。C项符合上下文语境。 1 2 3 4 5 Lean to shake it off.We are all flooded daily with photos of other people’s perfections，but really，what does it matter？  　5　 And even if you are more easily affected than others by social media envy， all you need to do is to look around you and acknowledge that you are doing pretty well after all. 5. 1 2 3 4 5 A. If so，you are not alone. B. Value your friends in real life. C. Learn to appreciate the positives. D. Why does it have such a stimulating effect？ E. They are probably no more real than the funniest reality TV show. F. The feeling that we are left out has long-term damaging psychological consequences. G. Have you ever chosen photos that lead others to the rosiest conclusions about your life？ 答案:E 1 2 3 4 5 根据前句的内容可知，我们不能受社交媒体上的完美照片的影响， 因为它们不一定是真实的。E项符合上下文语境。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.完形填空 （2023·湖南炎德二模）During my stay at the University of Michigan，one of the senior professors asked me to join a seminar on culture and emotion.In a general  　1　 of self-introductions，I introduced myself in a（n）  　2　 Dutch way as one of those who are “interested in culture and emotion”.The professor supplemented（补 充） my self-introduction to  　3　 American standards，saying I was one of the world’s experts on the  　4　.In response，I looked down in  　5　，and thought that “expert” was a big word. When I lived in North Carolina，my new friends came over to 　6　.Conversations were full of interest and energy，and there was a lot of  　7　.At the end of the evening，when my guests left，they thanked me for the dinner.My heart  　8　， because I was born and raised in the Netherlands，where “thanking for dinner” means the relationship is  　9　. Emotions are different enough to feel out of  　10　 when you move from one culture to another.The professor at the University of Michigan meant to make me feel  　11　，but instead made me uncomfortable.My friends meant to show  　12　，but they made me think they were distancing themselves from me. We think about emotions as feelings deep inside us，but in  　13　，our emotions happen in interactions with others.In my own culture，it was hard to observe the  　14　 emotions of others，but I was able to see them when I moved to the US—a different  　15　 from where I was raised. 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:人与社会——传统文化——文化差异 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者用具体事例表明:文 化差异会导致不同国家的人以不同的方式表达情感。在荷兰文化 中，作者很难观察到别人的情绪，但在美国，她可以看到她曾看不 到的情绪。 1. A. analysis B. state C. letter D. round 答案:D 根据下文“as one of those....saying I was one of the world’s experts...”可知，在常规的一轮自我介绍中，作者称自己是“对文 化和情感感兴趣”的人之一。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. A. understated B. interesting C. dramatic D. proud 答案:A 作者称自己是“对文化和情感感兴趣”的人之一，而教授称作者是专家，故可推知，作者是以一种低调的荷兰方式介绍自己的。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. A. set B. fit C. evaluate D. recommend 答案:B 根据上文“I introduced myself in a（n）  　2　 Dutch way as one of those who are ‘interested in culture and emotion’”可知，教授补充了 作者的自我介绍，以符合美国的标准。 根据上文“I introduced myself in a（n）  　2　 Dutch way as one of those who are ‘interested in culture and emotion’”可知，教授补充了 作者的自我介绍，以符合美国的标准。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. A. approach B. situation C. topic D. course 答案:C 根据上文的“a seminar on culture and emotion”可知，教授称作者 是世界上研究该话题的专家之一。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. A. curiosity B. pity C. disappointment D. embarrassment 答案:D 根据空后的“and thought that ‘expert’ was a big word”可知，作为 回应，作者尴尬地低下了头。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. A. play B. dine C. work D. perform 答案:B 根据下文的“they thanked me for the dinner”可知，作者住在北卡 罗来纳州时，新朋友来家吃饭。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. A. support B. noise C. fun D. arguing 答案:C 根据上文的“Conversations were full of interest and energy”可知，他们的谈话充满了兴趣与活力，非常有意思。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8. A. sank B. melted C. raced D. opened 答案:A 根据下文的“but they made me think they were distancing themselves from me”可知，客人在离开之前感谢作者的招待。作者的心一沉，因为在荷兰出生、长大，“感谢晚餐”意味着关系疏远。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. A. harmonious B. normal C. strong D. distant 答案:D 参考上题解析。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. A. date B. shape C. place D. sight 答案:C 根据上下文可知，当你从一种文化过渡到另一种文化时，情绪的差异足以让你感到格格不入。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. A. reliable B. good C. serious D. careful 答案:B 根据下文的“but instead made me uncomfortable”可知，那位密歇根大学的教授本想让作者感觉良好，但却让作者感到不自在。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12. A. gratitude B. respect C. admiration D. affection 答案:A 根据上文的“they thanked me for the dinner”和 下文的“but they made me think they were distancing themselves from me”可知，作者 的朋友本想表示感谢，但却让作者觉得他们是在疏远自己。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. A. total B. advance C. detail D. reality 答案:D 根据上下文可知，情绪通常被认为是人们内心深处的感受，但实际上，情绪发生在与他人的互动之中。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. A. unbelievable B. pure C. invisible D. powerful 答案:C 根据上文所举的例子和下文的“but I was able to see them when I moved to the US”可知，在作者所处的荷兰文化中，很难观察到他 人无形的情绪，但来到美国之后，她能够看到它们这是一种与作者 成长的地方不同的文化。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. A. level B. culture C. standard D. value 答案:B 参考上题解析。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与自我——日常生活——害羞 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。害羞是影响很多人的一件 事，它通常始于童年。有一些研究表明，童年时期的父母越自信或 直言不讳，孩子就可能变得越害羞。还有一些研究表明，父母对孩 子的需求越敏感，并对其做出适当的反应，害羞的风险就会降低。 （2023·浙江强基联盟联考）Being shy is something that affects lots of people，and it typically starts in childhood.As 1. 111111111111　　　　 expert for the Baby Annabell Ask The Experts campaign，people have asked me if 2. 　　　　　　 （have） a shy personality is something we are born with or if it’s something we develop 3. 1111 11111111  　　　　　　 （base） on our experiences. 1. 考查冠词。可数名词expert在句中表示“一名专家”，泛指， expert发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰。 答案:an 2. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，空白处在以if为连接词的宾语 从句中做主语，使用动名词。 答案:having 3. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作后置定语修 饰something，因两者之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词。 答案:based Actually，it can be either or a bit of both.I had pretty outgoing， confident parents，and there are some 4. 　　　　　　 （study） that suggest the more confident or outspoken a parent in childhood，the shyer a child could 5. 　　　　　　 （potential） become. 4. 考查名词。分析句子中结构，空白处在句子中做主语使用名 词，根据空白处前面的不定代词some可知，空白处应填名词的 复数形式。 答案:studies 5. 考查词性转换。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中修饰动词 become，用副词potentially，作状语，意为“可能地”。 答案:potentially Some research has shown that the more sensitive the parent is 6. 　　　　　　 their child’s needs，and responds appropriately to them，the risk of shyness decreases.In my case this is 7.  111111111111 　 happened—my parents turned in to me and my needs and the shyness all but 8. 　　　　　　 （disappear） completely over time. 6. 考查介词。分析句子结构，be sensitive to为固定短语，含义为 “对……敏感”，符合句意。 答案:to 7. 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构，这是一个包含表语从句的 复合句，空白处在表语从句中做主语，表示内容，使用what连 接表语从句。 答案:what 8. 考查动词的时态。分析句子中结构，空白处在句子中作谓 语，因句子表达的是一个发生在过去的动作，谓语动词使用一 般过去时形式。 答案:disappeared On the other hand，a person’s personality has a 9. 11 1　　　　　 （biology） basis，and has long been said can be identified from babies only a few months old.It’s important to recognize though that a child’s personality can change，and gradually as they 10.  11 1　　　　　　 （expose） to more and more people，objects and situations，signs of shyness can fade away. 9. 考查词性转换。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语表示性 质，使用形容词。 答案:biological 10. 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓 语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因句子表达的是一 个客观情况，使用一般现在时的被动语态，又因主语为复数。 答案:are exposed 阅读语篇专练提升 （2023·浙江强基联盟联考） A Living in a dorm is definitely one of the best parts of the college experience.You finally get your own space that you can decorate however you want. However， it can be pretty hard to decide how you want to decorate your dorm room so that it’s the perfect， comfortable， personalized space.It’s important that your dorm feels like your home.The following are some ideas for the coolest room on campus. Try decorative plants With all of your classes， you probably won’t have time to keep real plants alive， but thankfully you can get some realistic-looking greens online to bring some grown-up vibes into the space. Miracliy Artificial Rose Flower Garland $16 AT AMAZON Now 45％ Off The Current Price RECUTMS Artificial Ivy With LED String Light $24 AT AMAZON 　　Add fun lights You can go with the famous LED strip lights， or go with something a little softer， like a sunset lamp. Tsrarey Sunset Lamp Projection $14 AT AMAZON Now 20％ Off The Current Price Rossetta Star Projector， Galaxy Projector $36 AT AMAZON Now 40％ Off The Current Price 　　Try temporary wallpaper This is probably the easiest way to decorate your dorm room. Just pick a cute pattern or color， and then at the end of the year， peel it off and leave a clean slate for the next student. RoomMates Pink and Orange Cheetah Cheetah Peel and Stick Wallpaper $44 AT AMAZON JiffDiff Peel and Stick Wallpaper $13 AT AMAZON 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文，为大学生推荐了装饰寝室 的几种实用的方法。 1. Why does the author recommend realistic-looking greens？ A. You can decorate your dorm however you want. B. It is pretty hard to choose a really personalized plant. C. Realistic-looking greens are more beautiful than real plants. D. Students may not have enough time to look after the real plants. 答案:D 细节理解题。由第二段中“With all of your classes， you probably won’t have time to keep real plants alive”可知，答案选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. What is an advantage of trying temporary wallpaper？ A. It is the cutest. B. It is the simplest. C. It is the loveliest. D. It is the cleanest. 答案:B 细节理解题。由第四段中“This is probably the easiest way to decorate your dorm room.”可知，答案选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3. How much do you pay if you buy the Rose Flower Garland and the Sunset Lamp？ A. $30. B. $27.2. C. $22.8. D. $20. 答案:D 数字计算题。由Miracliy Artificial Rose Flower Garland和Tsrarey Sunset Lamp Projection所标的原价和折扣可知，答案选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 B A doctor walked into an operating room where an operation was being performed. Everything seemed to be going well， but the doctor noticed that no one was wearing a face mask. He was surprised— wearing a face mask is a basic hospital procedure.But he didn’t say anything.The operation was a success， but a few days later the patient came down with a fever. It turned out that she had contracted a serious infection， probably because the doctors and nurses hadn’t followed a simple rule. Atul Gawande was interested in that story and carried out a research on the importance of a checklist to boost hospital services. Gawande is a doctor himself， and in his research he suggests that if surgeons run through a simple checklist before every operation， then lives will be saved. And he’s got the numbers to prove it. In 2001， an experiment at an American hospital required doctors to use a five-point checklist before they carried out specific procedures. The checklist was just a list of routine things doctor should normally do without thinking—wearing latex gloves， washing their hands before and after every patient and so on. By making sure that the checklist was followed， there were almost no infections during the 27 months of the experiment， and they estimated that around eight lives were saved. When the checklist was tested again in hospitals in Michigan， infections went down by 66 percent. In his study， Gawande looks at other professions， too， to support his argument that checklists reduce accidents and improve success rates. He points out that people like engineers and pilots use checklists all the time， and he comes up with some good examples. Just imagine that an airplane crashed because the pilot had failed to follow basic procedures. Suppose a skyscraper collapsed because the engineers hadn’t remembered to do some important calculations. People would demand that officials look into these events immediately. Gawande’s study finding is really interesting and received much public attention. It reminds us that sometimes the easiest way to avoid making mistakes is to follow a very simple set of rules. It’s relevant for all of us， not just for doctors. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。医生Atul Gawande受到一 个医疗事件的启发，着手研究如何通过严格执行操作程序清单提升 医疗服务。另外，Gawande发现严格遵守操作程序对其他行业也十 分重要。 4. The function of the first paragraph in this text is to  　　　　. A. introduce the origin of the idea for Gawande’s study B. explain the importance of the basic hospital procedure C. explore the causes of infections among patients in hospitals D. emphasize the urgency of providing relevant training to doctors 答案:A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段主要交代了Gawande所做研究 的灵感来源。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. What are the two experiments in paragraph 2 intended to prove？ A. Young medical staff need to follow the checklists. B. Checklists are necessary for hospitals in particular. C. Hospitals are required to maintain good management. D. Medical infections can be reduced by observing a set of rules. 答案:D 细节理解题。由第二段可知，Gawande在美国多所医院开展的研究 表明，执行操作程序清单可以减少医疗事故，提高手术成功率。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. What can we learn from paragraph 3？ A. Air crashes hardly occurred with the basic procedures. B. Gawande intends to promote his idea to other professions. C. High buildings may collapse due to engineers’ miscalculations. D. People think it a must for a pilot or engineer to use their checklists. 答案:D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。第三段的主要内容是Gawande发现严格遵守操作程序 对其他行业的重要性。从“People would demand that officials look into these events immediately.”中可知，人们认为pilots和engineers 必须严格使用checklist。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. What is the author’s attitude toward Gawande’s study？ A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Approving. D. Doubtful. 答案:C 推理判断题。从文章的最后一段可以推断出作者是认可Gawande的 研究的。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 C Can humans really understand what animals are saying， or are we just barking up the wrong tree？ “Artificial intelligence （AI） holds the key to unlocking the fascinating insights. Beyond creating chatbots that charm people， machine learning may soon make it possible to decode （解码） animal calls，” says Raskin， co-founder of the nonprofit Earth Species Project. It’s developing AI models that imitate a variety of species， aiming to have “conversations” with animals. Its team is collecting diverse data from various species and building machine-learning models for analysis. Project CETI （鲸类动物翻译计划） focuses on understanding a particular species， in this case the sperm whale. Sperm whales have complex social groups. When a familiar young male rejoined his family， researchers seized the chance to record their sounds. For two decades， scientists documented two sperm whale groups， capturing their clicking sounds. After manually decoding some sounds， they turned to AI for faster translation. Using a neural （神经的） network， the team trained it to ⁠ individual whales from a subset of sounds. Next， their ambitious goal is to train a computer to speak whale. discern　 As tech advances， the door has been opened to using machine learning to decode unfamiliar languages. It’s found that AI tools have practical value beyond research. Translating animal sounds aids endangered species. Scientists study caged birds’ calls to grasp sound changes， explaining difficulties in reintroduction. Machine learning decodes pets’ signals like barks and facial expressions. Raskin’s AI model translates dogs’ expressions， revealing their surprising capabilities to owners. Additionally， it helps predict pig emotions based on their sounds， enhancing animal welfare.Advancements deepen our understanding of animals. Now enthusiastic scientists are committed to open-source data and model sharing.“Every time you invent a technology， you also invent a responsibility，” Raskin says. “Designing a ‘whale chatbot’ demands we imagine an animal’s experience.The true value of any language is that it helps us relate to others.” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。非营利机构Earth Species Project利用人工智能工具解码动物语言，加深人类对动物的理解和 共情。 8. What is the purpose of the Earth Species Project？ A. To gather vast data with a computer. B. To create chatbots that imitate animals. C. To understand animal languages using AI. D. To study the social behavior of sperm whales. 答案:C 细节理解题。由第二段第三句“It’s developing AI models that imitate a variety of species， aiming to have ‘conversations’ with animals.”可知，其目的是利用AI与动物对话，即理解动物。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 词义猜测题。由画线词所在句“the team trained it to  　 dern　 individual whales from a subset of sounds”可知，该团队利用AI来将 个体抹香鲸（的声音）与一个子集的声音分辨开来，故选B项。 9. What does the underlined word “discern” in paragraph 3 mean？ A. Train. B. Recognize. C. Record. D. Protect. 答案:B 词义猜测题。由画线词所在句“the team trained it to discern　 individual whales from a subset of sounds”可知，该团队利用AI来将 个体抹香鲸（的声音）与一个子集的声音分辨开来，故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. How do AI tools provide practical value in deepening our insights into animals？ A. By translating animals’ calls and looks. B. By advancing animal well-being. C. By reintroducing endangered species. D. By studying animals’ negative emotions. 答案:A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。由第四段“Machine learning decodes pets’ signals like barks and facial expressions.”可知，AI工具能为加深我们对动物的 认知提供实际价值，其背后的机制是破译动物的语言信号，如叫声 和面部表情。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. What can be a suitable title for the text？ A. Lost in Translation？ Not with AI B. A Future of Chatting with Animals C. Whales SOS: Human-AI Unite for Miracles D. Practical Value of Machine Learning Models 答案:B 标题归纳题。全文贯穿始终的关键词是动物语言和AI工具，根据第 二段前三句也可很明确地得知，本文的写作意图是介绍一个利用AI 工具破译动物语言的科学研究的进展，故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 D In the autumn of 2020， while stargazing on his balcony in Cambridge， Massachusetts， Teju Cole was inspired to start taking photos of his kitchen counter. He compared the daily migrations of his pots， pans， spoons， and graters to the revolutions of celestial bodies （天体），and began to track them in a “counter history”. A year later， he published the results as Golden Apple of the Sun （2021）， a book-length photo essay that expands his isolated domestic experiment until it seems to include the whole world. Cole writes about the hunger he suffered as a boarding-school student in Nigeria， Dutch Golden Age still-lifes， slavery and the sugary recipes in an ancient cookbook. “The later a photograph is in a given sequence， the heavier it is，” Cole explained.Somehow， from this kitchen sink of memoir （回忆录）， art history， and observant boredom emerges a portrait of the pandemic’s collective solitude， “this year of feeling buried in the dark earth like bulbs.” Cole’s work makes an art—and a necessary virtue—of close looking. Open City （2011）， his first novel， won praise for its portrayal of post-9/11 New York， whose buried histories of violence and displacement resurface in the course of a medical student’s wanderings. In Cole’s essays， tranquil Vermeers reveal traces of empire in colonial times， and stormy Caravaggio’s picture beforehand the uncertain journeys of twenty-first-century migrants. His great theme is the limits of vision， and the way that these limits can serve as the basis for a kind of second sight. “Among the human rights is the right to remain unseen and dark，” Cole writes in Black Paper （2021）， a recent essay collection. In his own pictures， people seldom appear directly， but their presence is everywhere implied.Blind Spot （2017）， an experimental photo book recording his travels， gathers images of hotel rooms， border fences， ships， and tombs. “Darkness is not empty，” Cole writes. “It is information at rest. Beauty， briefly， slips from the shadows.” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了摄影师兼作家 Teju Cole的一些作品及创作灵感。 12. What made Cole start to take photos of his kitchen counter？ A. His isolated domestic lifestyle. B. His great interest in photo-taking. C. The inspiration he got while stargazing. D. The suffering as a boarding-school student. 答案:C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。由第一段第一句“In the autumn of 2020， while stargazing on his balcony in Cambridge， Massachusetts， Teju Cole was inspired to start taking photos of his kitchen counter.”可知，答案 选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. What do we know about Cole’s first novel？ A. It was praised for making a newart. B. It was written through a student’s view. C. It resurfaces traces of a colonial empire. D. It foresees the uncertain journey of migrants. 答案:B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。由第二段的“Open City （2011）， his first novel， won praise for its portrayal of post-9/11 New York， whose buried histories of violence and displacement resurface in the course of a medical student’s wanderings.”可知，他的第一部小说通过一位医学 院学生的漫步之旅，让被埋葬的暴力和流离失所的历史重新露面。 故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. Why does Cole prefer the limits of vision in his works？ A. People can feel what is unseen by themselves. B. Human rights can be well protected in the theory. C. It is one of the basic skills for the artists like him. D. He starts a new style to write about common people. 答案:A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。由第三段第一句“His great theme is the limits of vision， and the way that these limits can serve as the basis for a kind of second sight.”可知，他作品的主题是视觉的局限性，而这些局 限性可以作为第二视觉（预见力、洞察力）的基础。A选项意为 “人们可以洞察看不见的东西”，符合文义。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. What can we infer about Cole？ A. He has a limited vision. B. He published a cookbook. C. He enjoys taking photos of people. D. He focuses on stories behind pictures. 答案:D 推理判断题。由最后一段的“In his own pictures， people seldom appear directly， but their presence is everywhere implied.”可知，他 关注的是图片背后的故事。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $$