Unit 4 Exploring poetry-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版2020）

Unit 4　Exploring poetry 选择性必修第一册 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 (主题语境：人与社会——诗歌) 【话题词汇】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识　自测落实 核心考点　互动探究 跟踪检测　运用提升 课时作业　巩固提升 基础知识　自测落实 一、阅读词汇——知其意 1.barren adj. 贫瘠的，不毛的；不结果实的 2. trill n. (鸟的)啼啭；颤音 vt. 欢快地高声说 vi. 发颤音 3. interpret vt. 解释，阐释；把……理解为，领会；演绎 vi. 口译 单元词句背诵 4. industrialization n. 工业化 5. dweller n. 居民，居住者 6. Confucianism n. 儒家，儒学，孔子学说 7. Taoism n. 道教，道家 8. legend n. 传说，传奇故事；传奇人物 9. nourish vt. 培养，助长；抚养，滋养 10. vitality n. 生命力，活力，热情 11. exaggeration n. 夸张，夸大 12. metaphor n. 暗喻，隐喻 13. allowance n. 津贴，补助；限额；零花钱 14. triumph n. 巨大成功，重大成就，伟大胜利 vi. 打败，战胜，成功 二、核心词汇——明其形 1.dimension n. 方面，侧面；规模，程度；维 2. grasp n. 理解，领会；抓紧，握紧，控制；能力所及 vt. 抓紧；领会，理解 3. detect vt. 发现，查明，侦察出 4. rhyme n. 押韵词；押韵 vt. 使押韵 vi. 和……同韵 5. complex adj. 复杂的，难懂的 n. 建筑群；复合体；情结 6. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的 7. clue n. 线索，提示；迹象 8. cage vt. 把(动物)关在笼中 n. 笼子 9. remote adj. 偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的；远亲的 10. reward vt. 奖励，奖赏 n. 奖励，回报；悬赏金 11. inner adj. 内心的，隐藏的；里面的，内部的 12. perceive vt. 注意到，意识到；将……理解为，将……视为 13. mist n. 薄雾，水汽 14. ideal n. 理想；典范 adj. 完美的，理想的 15. rigid adj. 死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的 16. undergo vt.(underwent，undergone) 经历，经受 17. advocate vt. 拥护，支持，提倡 n. 拥护者，支持者；辩护律师 18. belief n. 看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心 19. district n. 区，行政区；地区，区域 20. bend vi.& vt.(bent，bent) (使)拐弯，弯曲 n. 拐弯，弯道 21. claim n. 声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 vt. 宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得 22. sigh n.& vi. 叹气，叹息 23. hence adv. 因此，由此 24. dare vi.& vt. 敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事) 25. striking adj. 引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的 26. characterize (also characterise) vt. 是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画 27. encounter vt. 偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n. 相遇，遭遇，冲突 28. numerous adj. 众多的，许多的 29. boom n. (贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣 vi. 迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛 30. liberty n. 自由 31. frost n. 霜；霜冻，严寒天气 32. cast vt.(cast，cast) 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 n. 全体演员；投，抛 33. owe vt. 欠(情)；欠(债)；归功于；归因于 34. debt n. 人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务 35. entitle vt.(usually passive) 给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格 36. blame vt. 把……归咎于，责怪，指责 n. 责任，责备，指责 37.unforgiving adj. 棘手的；不饶人的，不宽容的 三、拓展词汇——通其变 1. frozen adj.结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的→freeze v.将……冷 冻，冻僵→freezing adj.严寒的，冰冻的 2. imply vt.含有……的意思，暗示，暗指→implication n.含义；暗 示；影响 3. patience n.耐心，忍耐力→patient adj.忍耐的，耐心的 n.病人 →patiently adv.耐心地 4. constant adj.持续不断的→constantly adv.不断地；始终，一直 5. logical adj.符合逻辑的；必然的，合乎情理的→logically adv.逻辑 上；符合逻辑地 6. reality n.事实，实际经历；现实，实际情况→real adj.真正的；确 实的；真实存在的→really adv.真正地；实际上 7. novelist n.小说家→novel n.小说 adj.新颖的 8. stability n.稳定(性)，稳固(性)→stable adj.稳定的；牢固的；稳重 的→stably adv.稳定地 9. tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的→tolerate vt.容忍 →tolerance n.容忍 10. distinguish vt.& vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认 出；使出众→distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；高贵的；受尊重的 11. representative adj.典型的，有代表性的 n.典型人物，代表性人 物；代表→represent vt.代表；描绘 12. fascinate vt.& vi.深深吸引，迷住→fascinating adj.迷人的，吸引 人的 1.dig up 发现，搜集，查明 2. set sth.aside 把……放一边；留出 3. break with sth. 与某事终止关联，破除 4. make allowance for 体谅；考虑到，估计到 5. in the end 终于，最后 6. pay attention to 注意；重视；留心；注意到 7. as long as 只要 8. familiarize oneself with 让自己熟悉 9. be rooted in 根源在于；植根于 10. distinguish...from... 使……有别于…… 11. breathe vitality into 给……注入活力 12. be inseparable from 与……密不可分 13. be representative of 是……的代表；是……的典型 14. be recognized as 被视为……，被认为是…… 15.be fascinated by 被……迷住；被……深深吸引 常见结构 1. as if 引导方式状语从句 2. 主语＋be＋adj.＋to do 3. as long as 引导条件状语从句 4. It＋be＋过去分词＋that... 5. 过去分词短语作状语 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.词汇默写 一、核心词汇 1. n.理解，领会；抓紧，握紧，控制；能力所及 vt.抓 紧；领会，理解 2. vt.发现，查明，侦察出 3. n.押韵词；押韵 vt.使押韵 vi.和……同韵 4. adj.复杂的，难懂的 n.建筑群；复合体；情结 5. adj.相互矛盾的，对立的 grasp　 detect　 rhyme　 complex　 contradictory　 6. vt.把(动物)关在笼中 n.笼子 7. adj.偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的；远亲的 8. vt.奖励，奖赏 n.奖励，回报；悬赏金 9. vt.注意到，意识到；将……理解为，将……视为 10. adj.不饶人的，不宽容的；棘手的 11. adj.死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的 12. vt.(underwent，undergone)经历，经受 13. vt.拥护，支持，提倡 n.拥护者，支持者；辩 护律师 cage　 remote　 reward　 perceive　 unforgiving　 rigid　 undergo　 advocate　 14. n.看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心 15. vi.& vt.(bent，bent)(使)拐弯，弯曲 n.拐弯，弯道 16. n.声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 vt.宣称，声称；要求； 索取；获得 17. n.& vi.叹气，叹息 18. vi.& vt.敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事) 19. adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的 20. (also characterise) vt.是……的特征，以……为 典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画 belief　 bend　 claim　 sigh　 dare　 striking　 characterize　 21. vt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n.相遇， 遭遇，冲突 22. adj.众多的，许多的 23. n.(贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣 vi.迅速发展，激 增，繁荣昌盛 24. vt.(cast，cast) 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投， 抛；选派角色 n.全体演员；投，抛 25. vt.欠(情)；欠(债)；归功于；归因于 26. n.人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务 encounter　 numerous　 boom　 cast　 owe　 debt　 27. vt. (usually passive) 给……命名；使享有权利，使符 合资格 28. vt.把……归咎于，责怪，指责 n.责任，责备，指责 entitle　 blame　 二、拓展词汇 1. adj.结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的→ ⁠ vt.& vi.结冰；冻僵；突然停止，呆住 2. vt.发现，查明，侦察出→ n.侦探 3. adj.相互矛盾的，对立的→ vt.相 矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥→ n.矛盾；反驳 4. vt.解释，阐释；把……理解为，领会；演绎 vi.口译 → n.口译工作者 frozen　 freeze　 detect　 detective　 contradictory　 contradict　 contradiction　 interpret　 interpreter　 5. n.耐心，忍耐力→ adj.有耐心的，能忍耐 的 n.病人→ adv.耐心地 6. adv.始终，一直→ adj.固定的，不变 的；连续发生的，重复的 7. adj.符合逻辑的；必然的，合乎情理的→ n. 逻辑；合乎情理的原因；逻辑学→ adv.逻辑上，合乎 逻辑→ adj.不合逻辑的 patience　 patient　 patiently　 constantly　 constant　 logical　 logic　 logically　 illogical　 8. n.现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历→ adj.真 的；真实的→ adv.确实，的确；事实上；真正地 → adj.现实的，实际的；逼真的，栩栩如生；明智的 9. n.小说家→ n.(长篇)小说 10. adj.死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的→ ⁠ adv.坚硬地；严格地 11. n.工业化→ n.工业；行业；生 产制造→ adj.工业的→ vt.& vi.工业化 reality　 real　 really　 realistic　 novelist　 novel　 rigid　 rigidly　 industrialization　 industry　 industrial　 industrialize　 12. n.看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心→ vt.相 信→ adj.可相信的→ adj.难以置信 的；不真实的 13. vt.是……的特征，以……为典型； 使……具有特点；描述，刻画→ n.特点；品质，性 格；人物，角色；文字→ n.特征，特点 adj.典型 的，独特的 14. adj.荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的→ ⁠ n.荣誉，光荣；赞美；壮丽，辉煌 belief　 believe　 believable　 unbelievable　 characterize/characterise　 character　 characteristic　 glorious　 glory　 15. n.稳定(性)，稳固(性)→ adj.稳定的，牢 固的；沉稳的；稳重的 16. adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的→ vt. 忍受，容忍；容许，允许；能经受→ adj.可容忍的； 还可以的→ n.宽容，容忍；忍耐力 17. vt.& vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨 别；认出；使出众→ adj.截然不同的，有区别的，不同 种类的；清楚的，清晰的→ adj.卓越的，著名的， 杰出的；显得重要的，高贵的→ n.区别；卓越 stability　 stable　 tolerant　 tolerate　 tolerable　 tolerance　 distinguish　 distinct　 distinguished　 distinction　 18. adj.典型的，有代表性的 n.典型人物，代表性 人物；代表→ vt.代表；为……代言；体现；描绘 → n.代表；表现；陈述；描述；描绘；表现方式 19. vt.& vi.深深吸引，迷住→ adj.极有 吸引力的，迷人的→ adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的 → n.魅力；着迷 20. n.津贴，补助；限额；零花钱→ vt.允 许，准许 21. adj.棘手的；不饶人的，不宽容的→ ⁠ vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)→ n.原谅，宽恕， 宽宏大量 representative　 represent　 representation　 fascinate　 fascinating　 fascinated　 fascination　 allowance　 allow　 unforgiving　 forgive　 forgiveness　 Ⅱ.语块默写 1. 发现，搜集，查明 2. 把……放一边；留出 3. 与某事终止关联，破除 4. 体谅；考虑到，估计到 5. 被……迷住；被……深深吸引 6. 让自己熟悉 7. 根源在于；植根于 8. 使……有别于…… dig up　 set sth.aside　 break with sth.　 make allowance for　 be fascinated by　 familiarize oneself with　 be rooted in　 distinguish...from...　 9. 给……注入活力 10. 与……密不可分 11. 是……的代表；是……的典型 12. 被视为……，被认为是…… breathe vitality into　 be inseparable from　 be representative of　 be recognized as　 Ⅲ.课文佳句 1. as if 引导方式状语从句 Second，approach the poem ⁠ ⁠. 第二，走进这首诗，就好像你是一个在陌生风景中的探险家。 as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape　 2. 主语＋be＋adj.＋to do Poems ⁠ are often less interesting than those that constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings. 相比容易理解的诗，那些不断展现更加深刻的、先前未发现的意义 的诗常常更加有趣。 that are easy to understand　 3. as long as 引导条件状语从句 ⁠ ，it will have been worth your effort. 只要读诗之旅能让你有所感触，或使你领悟到另一层含义，那你的 努力就是值得的。 As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning　 4. It＋be＋过去分词＋that... ⁠ this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years. 人们认为这首诗是李白十几岁时写的。 5. 过去分词短语作状语 ，Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties. 在强烈的探险欲和游历欲的驱使下，李白二十几岁便离家去周游。 It is believed that　 Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel　 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.词性转换 1. (2023·全国甲卷)However，research suggests that if we practiced (patient)，we’d be a whole lot better off. 2. (2023·北京卷)I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert (remote). 3. (2023·全国乙卷)I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new， and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while (constant) growing. patience　 remotely　 constantly　 4. (人教B6U1)What they attempted to do was no longer show (real)，but instead to ask the question，“What is art？” 5. (人教B5U4)Standing in the distance，they were astonished to see (mist) clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls，which is on the south side of the lake. reality　 misty　 6. (2023·全国甲卷)So many of us have the (believe) that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate，and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone，we get impatient about the circumstances. 7. (2023·北京卷)Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a ⁠ (strike) parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth’s biosphere. 8. (外研B7U5)The Maya built impressive palaces and temples， including their (represent) step pyramids. belief　 striking　 representative　 9. (人教B5U1)In general，doctors in those days had two (contradict) theories to explain how cholera spread. 10. (外研B2U1)Sometimes I bring home food from the restaurant where I work.Once a week，we do a big shop and buy a lot of ⁠ (freeze) food. contradictory　 frozen　 Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. As far as I know，you should ⁠ (考虑到延迟的时间) on the way. 2. Every month，Mr.Brown (存钱) for annual travel. 3. Where did you (搜集) the fresh evidence？ 4. It needed unusual courage to (破除坏 的习惯). make allowance for time delayed　 sets aside some money　 dig up　 break with the bad habits　 Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 我们相信，通过我们的共同努力，我们会创造一个更美丽的世 界。(It＋be＋过去分词＋that...) ⁠ with our joint efforts we can create a more beautiful world. 2. 她说起北京就好像她以前去过那里似的。(as if ) She talked about Beijing ⁠. 3. 既然你身体不舒服，你可以待在家里。(as) ，you may stay at home. It is believed that　 as if she had been there before　 As you’re not feeling well　 4. 即使这个问题很难解决，我也没有放弃，因为我坚信“有志者， 事竟成”。 ，I didn’t give it up because I firmly believed that “Where there is a will，there is a way.” 5. 下午，我问保罗叔叔我能不能去骑马，他说可以，只要我爸爸和 我一起去。 In the afternoon，I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride，and he said yes， ⁠. Even though the problem was difficult to solve　 as long as my dad went with me　 核心考点　互动探究 1. grasp n.理解，领会；抓紧，握紧，控制；能力所及 vt.抓紧；领 会，理解 ①Remember that success is ⁠ our grasp. ②After a three-year study in Paris，I have a good grasp ⁠ French. ③我多次读了他写的这首诗，但是我还是不理解它的深层含义。 within　 of　 I’ve read the poem written by him several times，but I still ⁠ ⁠. fail to grasp its deep meaning　 ④如果你想提高你的英语口语，你应该在日常生活中抓住每次练习 的机会。 If you want to polish up your spoken English，you are supposed ⁠ ⁠ in your daily life. to grasp every opportunity to practise it　 (1)within one’s grasp某人力所能及 have a good grasp of对……掌握得好 (2)grasp the chance/opportunity to do sth.抓住机会做某事 grasp the importance/meaning of理解……的重要性/意义 2. set sth.aside 把……放一边；留出 ①After high school，Jennifer attended a local technical college， working to pay her tuition (学费)，because there was no extra money ⁠ for a college education. ②She is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者)，who in May 2015 ⁠ ⁠ her firm. ③Why don’t you your ideas on paper？ set aside　 set up　 set　 down　 ④The government must set out to find solutions to the country’s economic problems. →The government must solutions to the country’s economic problems. ⑤每天留出一点儿时间来写作，哪怕只有五分钟。 every day to write，even if it is only five minutes. set about finding　 Set aside some time　 ⑥这部小说以20世纪60年代的伦敦为背景。 The novel London in the 1960s. set down放下；记下；让……下车；登记 set about (doing)开始；着手 set off出发；引起；点燃 set out (to do)动身；着手 set up建立；准备；安排 be set in以……为背景 is set in　 3. reward vt.奖励，奖赏；给以报酬 n.奖励，回报；悬赏金；报酬 (sth.that you are given because you’ve done sth.good) ①It is a very (reward) exercise to work this out oneself. ②He received reward of 9，000 yuan from the police for catching the criminal. ③Our school rewarded the winners ⁠ gifts of fruits and flowers when the race ended. rewarding　 a　 with　 ④我很乐意带你游玩北京，以报答你的慷慨相助。 →I’m more than willing to show you around Beijing ⁠ ⁠. →I’m more than willing to show you around Beijing ⁠ ⁠. as a reward for your generous help　 in reward for your generous help　 (1)as a reward (for...)作为(对……的)报酬/奖赏 in reward for为酬谢……；作为……的奖励 (2)reward sb.with...for sth.为某事而用……酬谢某人 (3)rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的；有意义的 4. reality n.现实；实际经历；实际情况；事实(everything that is true/fact) ①I haven’t got much sleep in the past week，and I feel ⁠ (real) tired now. ②The researcher had conducted a particular survey before he got a (real) plan for the project. ③Outwardly she seemed confident but in (real) she felt extremely nervous. ④她当医生的愿望最终实现了。 really　 realistic　 reality　 ⁠ Her wish to become a doctor was finally realized.　 (1)in reality (＝in fact)事实上；实际上 (2)realize vt.实现；使……成为现实；认识到；意识到 realization n.实现；认识；领悟 (3)real adj.真的；真实的；真正的 unreal adj.不真实的 really adv.真正地；事实上 (4)realistic adj.现实的；实际的；逼真的 unrealistic adj.不切实际的 (5)realism n.现实主义 5. break with sth.与某事终止关联，破除 ①There is still scope for new writers to break ⁠. ②They decided to break ⁠ the partnership. ③Don’t break ⁠ when he is telling the story. ④改掉旧习惯是不容易的，因为它们很难改掉。(传统习俗) It’s not easy ⁠ for they die hard. through　 up　 in　 to break with old habits　 break through突破；突围 break up打碎，破碎；结束；解散；分手 break down分解；发生故障；失败；毁掉 break out爆发；突发 break in打断；闯入 break away脱离；放弃；逃跑 break into闯入；破门而入 break away from放弃；脱离…… break off折断；突然停止，暂停 6. advocate vt.拥护，支持，提倡 n.拥护者，支持者；提倡者；辩护 律师 ①Scientists advocated (raise) public’s awareness of preserving the precious heritage. ②He’s ⁠ strong advocate of state ownership of the railways. ③提倡人人过低碳生活来保护我们的环境。 raising　 a　 all people (should) live a low-carbon life to protect our environment. It is advocated that　 ④至于我们这些学生，我们学校提倡从我们自身做起，比如每天步 行去学校，而不是坐公交车，如果家不远的话。 As to us students，our school ourselves， such as walking to school every day instead of taking a bus if our homes are not far. advocates starting from　 (1)advocate doing sth.提倡做某事 advocate that sb.(should) do sth.主张某人(应该)做某事 It is advocated that从句 主张…… (2)an advocate for/of ……的支持者/拥护者 7. belief n.看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心 ①I admire his passionate belief ⁠ what he is doing. ②She held the belief ⁠ her brother was not the murderer. ③This novel is characterized by (believe) characters in it. ④冷空气冷得令人无法置信。 in　 that　 believable　 ⁠ The icy air was cold beyond belief.　 (1)There is a general belief that 从句 大家普遍认为…… belief in对……有信心 hold the belief that 从句 认为…… beyond belief令人难以置信 (2)believe vi.& vt.相信 believable adj.可相信的；可信任的 8. claim n.声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 vt.宣称，声称；要求；索 取；获得；夺去 ①The government claimed (provide) allowance for people who made great contributions to our country. ②The company has made a claim ⁠ damages caused by the delay of delivery. to provide　 for　 ③He claimed that he had found a mysterious star through a telescope. →He claimed ⁠ a mysterious star through a telescope. ④据说海洋正在遭受严重的污染。 ⁠ to have found　 It is claimed that the ocean is suffering from serious pollution.　 (1)claim to do sth.声称做某事 claim to have done sth.声称做过某事 claim that从句 声称……；断言…… It is claimed that从句 据说…… claim sth.back 索回；要回 claim damages要求获得损害赔偿 claim one’s life夺去性命 (2)make a claim for索赔 9. distinguish vt.& vi.区分，辨别；认出；使出众；成为……的特 征；使有别于 ①They can even distinguish their mother’s voice ⁠ that of a female stranger. ②As we all know，Mark Twain distinguished himself ⁠ a great novelist in the world. from　 as　 ③阅读书籍既能拓展我们的视野又能教我们分辨是非。 Reading books can not only broaden our horizons but also ⁠ ⁠. (1)distinguish between...and...区别/辨别……和…… distinguish...from...使……有别于…… distinguish oneself (as...)(作为……)表现突出 (2)distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for...(＝be famous/well-known for) 因……出名 teach us to distinguish between right and wrong　 10. owe vt.欠(债、情等)；归功于…… ① (owe) to bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. ②They are now realizing just how much they owe kind-hearted strangers. ③I really think you owe the man an apology ⁠ what you have done. Owing　 to　 for　 ④许多人问我是如何学会流利地使用英语的，我认为这主要归功于 我在大学里多年的英语教师生涯。 Many people asked how I learned to spend English fluently，and I ⁠ in college for years. [实战贴士]　owing to中的to是介词。 owed most of it to my being an English teacher　 (1)owe sb.an apology欠某人一个道歉 owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物 (2)owe...to...把……归功于…… owe it to sb.that...多亏某人…… (3)owing to因为；由于 11. debt n.人情债，情义，恩情；借款，债务，欠款(sth.owed to sb.else) ①You must spend less until your (debt) are paid off. ②After she lost her job，she got ⁠ debt. ③我对我父亲感恩不已，他总是支持我。 debts　 into　 I my father，who has always supported me. owe a debt of gratitude to　 pay off one’s debts/out of debt还清债务 get into debt欠债 be in/out of debt欠/不欠债 be in sb.’s debt欠某人的情 owe a debt of gratitude to sb.欠某人的情 12. blame vt.把……归咎于，责怪，指责 n.责任，责备，指责 ①The boy’s mother blamed him ⁠ breaking the glass of the window. ②It was he who was (blame)for the safety accident.　 ③不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人，你应该为失败承担责任。 Don’t always others.You should ⁠ ⁠ failure. for　 to blame　 blame your own failure on　 take the blame for　 ④当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕 竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思 考，而不是指责其他人。 When getting along with others，we shouldn’t always ⁠ .After all，many times ⁠.So instead of ，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place. blame others for mistakes　 we are also to blame　 blaming others　 (1)blame sb.for sth.因某事而责备某人 blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for...)应承担(……)责任； 该(因……)受责备(用主动形式表示被动意义) (2)take the blame for...对……负责 put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人 13. cast vt.(cast，cast) 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投， 抛；选派角色 n.全体演员；投，抛 ①The circumstances were all against Joe，but he was not cast ⁠. ②The director cast a well-known actress ⁠ Marie Curie in the movie. ③The information offered by the old man may help cast light ⁠ the mystery. down　 as　 on/upon　 ④她很快地瞄了一下记事簿，看是否有留给她的口信。 She ⁠ the notepad to see if there were any messages for her. cast...over/on/across 投射……在……上 cast light on使了解某事；阐明某事 cast a shadow over给……蒙上阴影 cast sb.as选某人扮演…… cast a look/glance at sb./sth.瞅某人/某物一眼 cast a quick glance at　 14. [教材原句]　Second，approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape.第二，走进这首诗，就好像你 是一个在陌生风景中的探险家。 ①John described the party vividly，which made me feel as if I ⁠ (be) there. ②The nurse treats the child as if he (be) her own son. ③Little Tom broke the window，but he behaved as if nothing ⁠ (happen). had been　 were　 had happened　 ④伯纳德兴高采烈地回来就好像他得到了一张百万英镑的钞票 一样。 Bernard returned with great joy ⁠ a million pound banknote. as if he had got　 (1)as if＝as though，意为“似乎，好像”，可引导表语从句和方式 状语从句。若从句表示真实的情况或将来实现的可能性较大的情 况，从句用陈述语气；若从句表示的是非真实的情况或将来不大 可能实现的情况，那么从句用虚拟语气。 (2)as if从句使用虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反的情况时，从句谓 语动词用一般过去时。 (3)as if从句使用虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反的情况时，从句谓 语动词用“had＋过去分词”。 (4)as if从句使用虚拟语气表示将来实现的可能性较小的情况时， 从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。 (5)as if/as though引导的从句可用省略形式，后面直接跟名词、不 定式、形容词、介词短语或分词。 跟踪检测　运用提升 层级一 核心知识精准练 过基础 维度1　单句语法填空 1. (北师B2U6)Reeve became ⁠ passionate and energetic advocate for people with back injuries and disabilities，raising millions of dollars in support of medical research. 2. (人教B5U3)The (idea) diet is a balanced one，without too much or too little of any one thing. 3. (人教B5U1)Snow suspected that the water pump was ⁠ (blame). a　 ideal　 to blame　 4. (外研B5U5)They multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and (dig) holes，which caused soil erosion. 5. (北师B6U9)The successful cloning of primates has led to worldwide praise as a huge breakthrough that might lead to cures for various diseases and may also offer (clue) on how to prevent the aging process. 6. (2023·全国甲卷)You’ll soon find that the more ⁠ (patient) you practice，the more you start to apply it to other，more annoying situations. digging　 clues　 patience　 7. (2023·北京卷)Nevertheless，not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching (reward)with more resources，higher rankings and increased enrolments. 8. (外研B7U1)In desperation，Doyle killed off the famous (detect) in a novel published in 1893 so that he could focus on his “serious” writing. 9. (2022·浙江1月卷)Klein writes，“America did not invent the steam engine，but once they (grasp) its passwords they put it to more uses than anyone else.” are rewarded　 detective　 grasped　 维度2　熟词生义 1. grasp (1)At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened. ⁠ ⁠ B　 A. vt.抓牢，握紧　 B. vt.完全理解，领会 C. vt.抓住(机会)　 D. n.理解力 ⁠ (2)You should grasp every opportunity to express your strong point and put your heart into it. ⁠ (3)The boy was so frightened that he grasped his mom’s hand. ⁠ (4)These complex formulas are beyond the grasp of the average pupils. ⁠ C　 A　 D　 A. vt.抓牢，握紧　 B. vt.完全理解，领会 C. vt.抓住(机会)　 D. n.理解力 2. claim A. v.声称　B. v.夺去(生命)　C. v.索赔　D. v.认领 (1)Although no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature， Xue Junlin，a local photographer，claimed that its head looked like a horse. ⁠ (2)The police said that if no one claimed the watch，you could keep it. ⁠ A　 D　 (3)Because the accident had not been her fault，Barbara was able to claim damages. ⁠ (4)Hurricane Sandy has claimed thousands of lives. ⁠ C　 B　 A. v.声称　B. v.夺去(生命)　C. v.索赔　D. v.认领 3. The twin sisters had striking good looks，which earned many people’s affection. ⁠ 4. We are all entitled to equal protection under the law. ⁠ 5. I would like to acknowledge my debt to my teacher. ⁠ 6. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm， which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. ⁠ adj.妩媚动人的　 vt.使……享有权利　 n.情义，恩情　 n.联合体，综合体　 7. He’s just clued me in on the latest developments，whose information always helps me a lot. ⁠ 8. There are many different pipa schools，and each one has its special ways of interpreting the classical pieces. ⁠ vt.给某人提供信息　 vt.阐述　 维度3　完成句子/一句多译/句式升级 1. 由于我们的环境正受到严重破坏，政府宣称他们将采取措施保护 环境。 Since our environment is being seriously damaged，the government ⁠ ⁠. 2. 据说这场大火夺走了30条生命。 ①It is believed that the big fire ⁠. ②The big fire is believed ⁠. claims that they will take measures to protect the environment　 claimed 30 lives　 to have claimed 30 lives　 3. 她把婚姻的失败归咎于她丈夫。 ①She her husband ⁠ the failure of their marriage. ②She the failure of their marriage ⁠ her husband. ③She the failure of their marriage ⁠ her husband. blamed　 for　 blamed　 on　 put/laid the blame for　 on　 4. 杭州以其迷人的风景而闻名遐迩，每年都吸引着大量的游客。 ①Hangzhou ⁠ and attracts large numbers of tourists every year. ② ， ⁠Hangzhou attracts large numbers of tourists every year.(形容词短语作状语) is distinguished for its fascinating scenery　 Distinguished for its fascinating scenery　 5. Because of my lack of experience，I didn’t do the work well. → I didn’t do the work well.(强调句) It was owing to my lack of experience that　 层级二 必备素养提升练 提能力 提能1　应用文写作 　　根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确 形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear Leslie， As the next class approaches，I’d like to ① ⁠ (告诉你我们具体的课程安排)，which is about poetry of the Tang Dynasty. inform you of our concrete class schedule　 We are to meet on Friday morning in the park，and there ② (空气呼吸起来很好；不定式) and ③ (风景特别美).To learn it well，you need to do the following things before the next class. ④ ，⑤ ⁠ (阅读有关唐 朝诗歌的材料是合适的； it作形式主语)，which plays an extremely important role in Chinese literature. the air is good to breathe　 the scenery is beautiful in particular　 To begin with　 it is appropriate that you (should) read some materials about poetry of the Tang Dynasty　 You can find some original poems of famous poets，such as Li Bai and Du Fu.⑥ ，knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty will help you better understand the poems to be learnt. After class，you can ⑦ ⁠ (和我交流思想和观念). Yours， Li Hua In addition　 exchange your thoughts and ideas with me　 情感 描写 patience n.耐心，忍耐力 belief n.信仰；看法，信念；相信，信心 vitality n.生命力，活力，热情 debt n.人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务 constantly adv.不断地；始终，一直 inner adj.内心的，隐藏的；里面的，内部的 striking adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的 提能2　单元读写结合 [教材续写语料] 动作 描写 grasp vt.抓紧；领会，理解 undergo vt.经历，经受 sigh vi.叹气，叹息 环境 描写 — [续写语料运用] 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答 案并背诵该语段。 女孩凯特出生在一个幸福而富有的家庭。她不仅外表动人，而 且有内在的美。她每天都充满了活力。不幸的是，她的家庭经历了 一次巨大的变故。她的父亲破产了，负债累累，这也改变了这个女 孩。在课堂上，她常常心不在焉，不理解老师讲了什么。在家里， 她就像一只笼子里的小鸟，把自己锁在自己的房间里。她变得沉默 寡言还常常叹气。她的英语老师注意到了她(的变化)，于是她每天 都安慰和鼓励凯特，不断地表现出对这个女孩的爱和关心。渐渐 地，凯特又变得和原来一样外向和活力四射了。 A girl，Kate，was born in a happy and wealthy family.She ⁠ .Every day she ⁠ .Unfortunately，her family ⁠ .Her father went bankrupt and ，which also changed the girl.At class，she was often absent-minded and couldn’t .At home，she ⁠ ，and locked herself in her own room.She ⁠ ⁠. not only had a striking look but had inner beauty　 was full of vitality　 underwent a tremendous change　 got into debt　 grasp what the teacher said　 was like a bird in a cage　 became silent and often sighed　 Her English teacher took notice of her，so she comforted and encouraged Kate every day， ⁠ the girl.Gradually，Kate became as outgoing and energetic as before. constantly showing her love and concern for　 课时作业　巩固提升 主题语篇素养强化 40分钟 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·四川成都模拟检测) POETRY CHALLENGE Write a poem about how courage，determination，and strength have helped you face challenges in your life. Prizes 3 Grand Prizes：Trip to Washington，D. C. for each of three winners，a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice.Trip includes round-trip air tickets，hotel stay for two nights，and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World. 6 First Prizes：The book Sky Pioneer：A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch. 50 Honorable Mentions：Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners，who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight. Rules Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. ■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer.Your poem can be any format，any number of lines. ■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper.You may use both the front and back of the paper. ■On the same sheet of paper，write or type your name，address， telephone number，and birth date. ■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. 体裁： 应用文 主题语境：人与社会——诗歌——诗歌大赛的征稿启事 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征 稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则等做了介绍。 1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip？ A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段第一句可知，每位获奖者都 可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者 可以带两个人。 1 2 3 2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get？ A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo. C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart. 答案：C 1 2 3 细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第三段“50 Honorable Mentions”的内容可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念Earhart最后一次飞行的T恤。 1 2 3 3. Which of the following will result in disqualification？ A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words. C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30. 答案：B 1 2 3 细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“Write a poem using 100 words or fewer.”可知，所写的诗词数不能超过100词。否则，将会被取消 资格。故结合选项，B选项(写一首120词的诗)是会被取消资格的。 1 2 3 B (2023·重庆渝北中学校高三上学期7月摸底)The “reading wars，” one of the most confusing and disabling conflicts in the history of education，went on heatedly in the 1980s and then peace came.Advocates of phonics (learning by being taught the sound of each letter group) seemed to defeat advocates of whole language (learning by using cues like context and being exposed to much good literature). Recent events suggest the conflict of complicated concepts is far from over.Teachers，parents and experts appear to agree that phonics is crucial，but what is going on in classrooms is not in agreement with what research studies say is required，which has aroused a national debate over the meaning of the word “phonics.” Lucy M. Calkins，a professor at Columbia University’s Teachers College and a much-respected expert on how to teach reading，has drawn attention with an eight-page essay.Here is part of her argument： “The important thing is to teach kids that they needn’t freeze when they come to a hard word，nor skip past it.The important thing is to teach them that they have resources to draw upon，and to use those resources to develop endurance.” To Calkins’s critics，it is cruel and wasteful to encourage 6-year- olds to look for clues if they don’t immediately know the correct sounds.They should work on decoding—knowing the pronunciation of every letter group—until they master it，say the critics，backed by much research. Calkins’s approach “is a slow，unreliable way to read words and an inefficient way to develop word recognition skill，” Mark S. Seidenberg，a psychologist at the University of Wisconsin，said in a blog post.“Dr.Calkins treats word recognition as a reasoning problem—like solving a puzzle.She is committed to the educational principle that children learn best by discovering how systems work rather than being told.” Many others share his view.“Children should learn to decode— i.e.，go from print on the page to words in the mind—not by clever guesswork and inference，but by learning to decode，” Daniel Willingham，a psychologist at the University of Virginia，told me.He said the inferences Calkins applauds are “cognitively (认知地) demanding，and readers don’t have much endurance for it. ...It disturbs the flow of what you’re reading，and doing a lot of it gets frustrating.” Yet a recent survey found that only 22 percent of 670 early-reading teachers are using the approach of phonics and what they mean by phonics is often no more than marking up a worksheet. Both sides agree that children need to acquire the vocabulary and background information that gives meaning to words.But first，they have to pronounce them correctly to connect the words they have learned to speak. Calkins said in her essay：“Much of what the phonics people are saying is praiseworthy，” but it would be a mistake to teach phonics “at the expense of reading and writing.” The two sides appear to agree with her on that. 体裁： 夹叙夹议文 主题语境：人与社会——语言学习——自然拼读法和整体语言法 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讨论了自然 拼读法和整体语言法之间的一场战争。 4. Critics of phonics hold the opinion that  　　　　　　. A. children should be taught to use context B. teaching phonics is both boring and useless C. kids acquire vocabulary in hearing letter groups D. pronunciation has nothing to do with meaning of words 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，反对自然拼读的人们认为要 通过语境来学习。 4 5 6 7 5. Which of the following statements is Mark S. Seidenberg most likely to agree with？ A. Tell me and I will forget； show me and I will remember. B. Skilled reading is fast and automatic but not deliberative. C. Word recognition skill should be developed in problem reasoning. D. Learning to make reasonable inferences is also a way of decoding. 答案：B 4 5 6 7 推理判断题。根据第五段Mark S. Seidenberg所说的话以及倒数第二 句可推知，Mark S. Seidenberg会倾向于同意熟练的阅读是快速和自 动的，而不是深思熟虑的。 4 5 6 7 6. What can we infer from the passage？ A. Phonics approach has been proved to be successful. B. Children don’t shy away from difficulties in reading. C. The two reading approaches might integrate with each other. D. Reading and writing are much more important than phonics. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段，第二段的内容可推知，这两种阅读 方法可以相互融合。 4 5 6 7 7. Which of the following might be the best title of the text？ A. An Everlasting Reading War among Critics B. From Print on the Page to Words in the Mind C. A Battle Restarts between Phonics， Whole Language D. Decoding and Inferring Confuse Early-reading Teachers 答案：C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文是有关自然拼读法和整体语言法 之间的讨论。 4 5 6 7 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——人际沟通——学会展开闲谈 　　【语篇解读】　文章就如何展开闲谈给出了四点建议。 Sometimes we make small talk with people we already know but not well.Often we have to make small talk with complete strangers.Some are too shy to start it and some say it’s a waste of time. 　1　 Here are some tips on improving your small-talking ability. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Ask open-ended questions. B. Tell them you want to know more. C. A study finds small talk makes us happier. D. For example，a warm，friendly smile puts others at ease. E. Also，you can talk about something that you recently learned. F. These are the short conversations we have at parties or family events. G. However，making small talk doesn’t have to be either difficult or boring. 1 2 3 4 5 答案：G 下文针对“Some are too shy to start it and some say it’s a waste of time.”的情况给出了如何展开闲谈的建议，G项在此处起承上启下 的作用。 1 2 3 4 5 Have some conversation starters ready. If you have seen a really good movie or have read a really good book，you can talk about that. 　2　 When you want to share something with somebody，it’s easy to start a conversation. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Ask open-ended questions. B. Tell them you want to know more. C. A study finds small talk makes us happier. D. For example，a warm，friendly smile puts others at ease. E. Also，you can talk about something that you recently learned. F. These are the short conversations we have at parties or family events. G. However，making small talk doesn’t have to be either difficult or boring. 1 2 3 4 5 答案：E 根据本段的小标题可知，本空内容与空前的句子共同说明了应该与 人分享些什么。 1 2 3 4 5  　3 　3　 These types of questions require more thought and more than a simple one-word answer.If you ask questions that need more details to answer，the conversation will go on longer.But keep it in mind that asking too many questions may make people feel they are in an interview rather than a conversation. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Ask open-ended questions. B. Tell them you want to know more. C. A study finds small talk makes us happier. D. For example，a warm，friendly smile puts others at ease. E. Also，you can talk about something that you recently learned. F. These are the short conversations we have at parties or family events. G. However，making small talk doesn’t have to be either difficult or boring. 1 2 3 4 5 答案：A A项中提到的“open-ended questions”符合本段“These types of questions require more thought and more than a simple one-word answer.”的描述。 1 2 3 4 5 Become a student. Nobody knows everything.So as someone is answering your questions，they bring up something about which you know nothing. 　4　 They feel good about sharing their knowledge and you get to learn something.It’s a win-win situation. 1 2 3 4 5 A. Ask open-ended questions. B. Tell them you want to know more. C. A study finds small talk makes us happier. D. For example，a warm，friendly smile puts others at ease. E. Also，you can talk about something that you recently learned. F. These are the short conversations we have at parties or family events. G. However，making small talk doesn’t have to be either difficult or boring. 1 2 3 4 5 答案：B 结合本段小标题及该空后的内容可知，积极回应说话者，告诉他们 你想知道更多会让他们更愿意分享。 1 2 3 4 5 Exhibit friendly body language. Our nonverbal body language accounts for the majority of how others see us.Body language that is warm will make them feel comfortable and draw others to you. 　5 　3　 1 2 3 4 5 A. Ask open-ended questions. B. Tell them you want to know more. C. A study finds small talk makes us happier. D. For example，a warm，friendly smile puts others at ease. E. Also，you can talk about something that you recently learned. F. These are the short conversations we have at parties or family events. G. However，making small talk doesn’t have to be either difficult or boring. 1 2 3 4 5 答案：D D项举例说明什么样的肢体语言可以给人舒服的感觉，承接上文 内容。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.完形填空 In 2011， some students at the University of Maryland saw a large amount of food going to waste on their campus.They were so  　1　3　 about it that they decided to create a program to  　2　 the excess (多余 的) food and send it to people in need for free.Later， the Food Recovery Network (FRN)  　3　. Up to now， FRN has grown to become a nationwide organization with many  　4　 in colleges and universities around the US， including one at the University of Maryland.Meanwhile， Rochester， a city of America， has a high rate of food  　5　.In response to it， a proposal for a community food system plan has been  　6　 by the city’s government.The plan is aimed to offer safe  　7　 to all residents.The chapter of FRN at the University of Maryland works to  　8　 these attempts.With its help， the work is progressing  　9　. The students have relocated quantities of food that would have otherwise gone to waste.Every Friday afternoon， members of the chapter meet to  　10　 the left food from the campus.Then the food is sorted and distributed to the communities all over the state. “Our  　11　 is responding positively，” one student says. “What we don’t want is having too much food in the kitchen.” The students do make a  　12　， and they even supply the  　13　3　 meals to the people outside the city. Besides， what they have done is  　14　 to the environment. Thanks to FRN， they have successfully  　15　 the release of tons of carbon dioxide through reducing waste. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马里兰大学积 极回应FRN 重新分配多余食物的计划的故事。 1. A. delighted B. relaxed C. confused D. concerned 答案：D 他们非常关心这个问题，所以他们决定创建一个项目来重新分配多 余的食物，并将其免费送到有需要的人手中。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. A. redistribute B. replace C. waste D. label 答案：A 参考上一题解析。 3. A. came back B. came down C. came into being D. came to an end 答案：C 后来，FRN 应运而生。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. A. donations B. chapters C. meals D. teachers 答案：B 到目前为止，FRN 逐渐发展成一个全国性的组织，在美国各地的 学院和大学都有许多分会。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. A. supply B. recognition C. insecurity D. disappearance 答案：C 与此同时，美国 Rochester的食品不安全率很高。 6. A. doubted B. rejected C. postponed D. submitted 答案：D 作为回应，市政府已经提交了一份社区食品系统计划的提案。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. A. medicine B. shelter C. food D. trip 答案：C 该计划旨在为所有居民提供安全的食品。 8. A. aid B. assess C. identify D. investigate 答案：A 马里兰大学的 FRN 分会助力这些尝试。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. A. randomly B. smoothly C. temporarily D. toughly 答案：B 在它的帮助下，工作进展顺利。 10. A. collect B. eat C. order D. sell 答案：A 每周五下午，分会的成员都会聚集在一起，从校园里收集剩下 的食物。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. A. bank B. home C. company D. school 答案：D 一名学生说：“我们学校的反应很积极。” 12. A. living B. difference C. fortune D. profit 答案：B 学生们确实发挥了作用，他们甚至把多余的食物提供给城外的人。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. A. extra B. dirty C. purchased D. expensive 答案：A 参考上一题解析。 14. A. adaptable B. friendly C. blind D. harmful 答案：B 此外，他们的所作所为对环境是友好的。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. A. allowed B. promoted C. decreased D. received 答案：C 多亏了FRN， 他们通过减少浪费(食物)成功地减少了大量二氧化碳 的排放。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 　　【语篇解读】　中国传统的装饰图案表达了美好的愿望，具有 极高的价值。壮族艺术设计师黄清穗致力于保护这些美丽的装饰图 案，并创造了行之有效的保护方法。 (2023·山东济南统考)Almost everything inspired the ancestors of Chinese to create diverse decorative patterns on objects ranging from daily life needs to pure artworks.They carried good and lucky 1. 　　　　 (mean) and were possessed of high value，driving numerous people to protect them. 1. 考查词性转换。空处作carried的宾语，且其前有形容词修饰，故 此处应用名词形式；又因空前无限定词修饰，再结合语境可知，此 处表示不止一种含义。 答案：meanings However，the huge number of these decorations increases the difficulty of conservation efforts.Fortunately，many Chinese artists have been considering various ways to pass down this culture 2. 　　　　 the next generation.Huang Qingsui， 3. 　　　　Zhuang ethnic art designer，numbers among these artists.He started collecting decorative patterns from rural areas and recorded them in an online database in 2013 that now 4. 　　　　 (contain) more than 20，000 traditional decorations. 2. 考查介词。pass down sth.to sb.“将某物传承给某人”，为固 定搭配。 答案：to 3. 考查冠词。该处泛指“一位壮族艺术设计师”，故用不定冠词， 且Zhuang的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 答案：a 4. 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处that引 导定语从句，that指代上文的an online database，表示单数概 念，故从句的谓语动词用单数形式；该句陈述的是客观情况， 故用一般现在时。 答案：contains Managing the database consists of three steps. The first is collecting these traditional patterns through various channels，including investigating and visiting places where these decorations may have been passed down or 5. 　　　　 (contact) museums and experts. After tracking down a decorative pattern，Huang and his team take photos and 6. 　　　　 (digital) reproduce the patterns on computers. 5. 考查非谓语动词。根据句中的or以及investigating and visiting可 知，空处作介词including的宾语，应与investigating和visiting的形式 保持一致，故填contacting。句意：首先是通过多种渠道收集这些 传统图案，包括调查并参观这些装饰图案可能被传承的地方，或联 系博物馆和专家。 答案：contacting 6. 考查词性转换。空处修饰动词reproduce，故用副词digitally。 答案：digitally During the process，they often need to restore damaged patterns，especially 7. 　　　　it comes to decorative patterns on clothing because they tend to be faded or misshapen. The last step involves collecting the data and checking and correcting any mistakes 8. 　　　　 may have occurred during the earlier steps. 7. 考查固定句型。when it comes to...为固定句型，意为“当涉 及……时”。 答案：when 8. 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先 行词mistakes，先行词由不定代词any修饰，关系词在从句中作主 语，故填that。 答案：that The beauty 9. 　　　　 (hold) in traditional patterns has inspired Chinese designers to find 10. 　　　　 (they) own style and emotional bonds instead of just caring about function and form when they design their works. 9. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词。 beauty和hold之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作后置 定语。 答案：held 10. 考查代词。此处表示所属关系，故用形容词性物主代词。 答案：their 阅读语篇专练提升 30分钟 (2023·辽宁名校联考) A Luxury Vacation in Greece-A Unique Guide to Exquisite Destinations Greece is a land of captivating beauty and rich cultural heritage. From pristine beaches to historic landmarks， Greek islands have it all. In this guide， we will explore three extraordinary luxury destinations in Greece， each with its own distinctive appeal， ensuring a truly unforgettable experience. Santorini： A paradise for the senses Santorini， with its iconic white-washed buildings， is a world- renowned luxury destination. This volcanic island is celebrated for its dramatic sunsets and breathtaking landscapes， making it a top choice for discerning travelers. For a more exclusive experience， consider indulging (沉溺) in a luxury villa， where you can enjoy utmost privacy and personalized attention. No luxury vacation in Greece is complete without tasting the culinary (烹饪的) delights the country has to offer. Santorini boasts a remarkable dining scene， featuring world-class restaurants that showcase the freshest local ingredients. Mykonos： Where charms meets relaxation Mykonos， known as the “Island of the Winds”， provides all pleasures that you can imagine， including infinity pools， private beach access， and exclusive spa facilities. Mykonos boasts a reputation for its lively nightlife scene.From iconic beach clubs where you can dance to the hottest beats under the sun to sophisticated cocktail bars that offer panoramic views of the Aegean Sea， the island caters to those seeking an unforgettable party experience. Crete： A painting of natural beauty and cultural heritage Crete， the largest of the Greek islands， offers a diverse and captivating luxury vacation experience.With its rugged mountains， stunning beaches， and ancient ruins， Crete seamlessly blends natural beauty with rich history. Immerse yourself in the island’s cultural heritage by visiting archaeological sites such as the Palace of Knossos or exploring charming villages where time seems to stand still. For the adventurous souls， indulge in thrilling outdoor activities， including hiking through the Samaria Gorge or boarding a yachting excursion along the coastline. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了希腊的三 处旅游胜地。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1. From which section of a magazine can you most probably read this text？ A. Health. B. Environment. C. Travel. D. Entertainment. 答案：C 文章出处题。从全文及引言部分中的“In this guide， we will explore three extraordinary luxury destinations in Greece”可知，这是 一篇关于旅游的文章。故选C项。 1 2 3 2. What makes Mykonos special compared with the other two places？ A. It is not a luxury destination. B. It is the best place for food enthusiasts. C. It offers various outdoor activities. D. It is famous for its lively nightlife. 答案：D 1 2 3 推理判断题。纵观全文，比较三处旅游目的地，A项与原文不符， B、C两项与题干makes Mykonos special 要求不符，D项在文中可以 找到，也符合题意。故选D项。 1 2 3 3. Which of the following statements is correct？ A. Santorini is the largest of these three islands. B. Crete may hold a particular appeal for history lovers. C. Mykonos features white-washed buildings. D. Boat trips are offered in all these three destinations. 答案：B 1 2 3 推理判断题。根据最后一部分中的ancient ruins及“Immerse yourself in the island’s cultural heritage by visiting archaeological sites”可知，克里特岛可能对历史爱好者有吸引力。故选B项。 1 2 3 B Something strange was happening inside LeeAnne’s home.During the summer of 2014，14-year-old J. D. had stomach severe pains， but his CT scan found nothing wrong.LeeAnne and her husband lost hair and suffered dizziness and headaches. LeeAnne even lost her eyelashes. In January 2015，the city of Flint sent out a notice that the water supply， switched from the Detroit water system to the Flint River to cut cost， contained high levels of trihalomethanes (三卤甲烷). The notice warned that people with poor immune systems might be at increased risk for liver， kidney， and nervous system problems but emphasized that the water was otherwise safe to drink. Alarmed， LeeAnne researched the water supply and searched the Internet. Then she distributed a fact sheet to city officials， listing the side effects of exposure to trihalomethanes. Then she urged her neighbors to attend city council meetings， where they shared their health problems. Still， officials insisted the water was safe to drink. So LeeAnne demanded that the city test her water. The results were disturbing.The trihalomethanes were the least of her problems. The lead levels in her water were nearly seven times the legal amount. But the city maintained her plumbing (管道) was the cause. LeeAnne immediately had her children tested for lead. All the kids showed lead exposure.She read Flint’s water quality reports and discovered the city wasn’t applying the proper corrosion (腐蚀) control standards to its pipes； the standards prevent the metal in pipes from leaching into the water. In March， a follow-up test of LeeAnne’s water showed lead levels nearly 27 times higher than the EPA’s threshold.LeeAnne’s pipes could not be responsible for the high lead levels， since they were plastic. In September， Virginia Tech lab released a report that concluded the Flint River water was 19 times more corrosive than the Detroit water. The governor eventually admitted the water was unsafe.He ordered that Flint’s water supply be switched back to Detroit’s.In Washington， President Barack Obama declared a state of emergency in Flint and ordered federal aid to help the city recover. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公坚持不 懈发现事实真相，推动政府作为的故事。 4. How did LeeAnne react to the city notice？ A. She had her children tested for lead. B. She asked the city to replace her pipes. C. She urged the officials to test Flint’s water. D. She collected side effects of trihalomethanes. 答案：D 4 5 6 7 细节理解题。根据第三段“Alarmed， LeeAnne researched the water supply and searched the Internet. Then she distributed a fact sheet to city officials， listing the side effects of exposure to trihalomethanes.”可 知，城市发的通知让她很担心，所以LeeAnne搜集了三卤甲烷超标 会带来的副作用，发送给了城市官员。故选D项。 4 5 6 7 5. What is the leading cause of the family’s health problem？ A. The lead in their water. B. Corrosion to their pipes. C. Their poor immune systems. D. Exposure to trihalomethanes. 答案：A 4 5 6 7 细节理解题。 根据第四段中“The trihalomethanes were the least of her problems. The lead levels in her water were nearly seven times the legal amount. But the city maintained her plumbing was the cause.”和 第五段中“LeeAnne immediately had her children tested for lead. All the kids showed lead exposure.”可知，她们家庭中健康问题的主要 原因是水中的铅含量超标。故选A项。 4 5 6 7 6. What was city officials’ attitude towards the water issue？ A. Unconcerned. B. Cautious. C. Doubtful. D. Objective. 答案：A 观点态度题。根据第三段“Still， officials insisted the water was safe to drink.”和第四段“But the city maintained her plumbing was the cause.”可以看出政府官员一开始不关心水污染问题。故选A项。 4 5 6 7 7. What does the text mainly tell us？ A. Revealing the truth takes time. B. Nothing can stop a determined heart. C. It takes courage to challenge authority. D. Joint effort is the key to solving problems. 答案：B 4 5 6 7 主旨大意题。纵观全文，LeeAnne的努力在于找到问题真相，敦促 有关政府部门正视问题并采取相应行动。由此可知，这篇文章告诉 我们没有什么能阻止一颗坚定的心。故选B项。 4 5 6 7 C Have you noticed how the price of online purchases can increase at checkout？ This is due to a strategy called “drip pricing” coined by American economist Richard Thaler in 1971.Drip pricing is a strategy where businesses gradually add extra charges to a customer’s bill， making the initially advertised price rise. This strategy takes advantage of customers’ tendency to commit to a purchase when they see a low original price.As extra fees are added， customers often continue with the purchase despite the increased cost due to their emotional investment.Businesses， from e-commerce stores to airlines， use this technique to significantly boost their profits.The initial price of a product or service can sharply increase with the addition of various costs.For example， a flight ticket can considerably increase due to the inclusion of extra costs such as baggage fees， seating options， and access to express lanes. However， current laws seem inadequate in the face of these practices， resulting in calls for new regulations and clearer retailer responsibilities.Dr.Jane Doe from the Consumer Behavior Research Group at the University of Cambridge found that customers’ knowledge plays an effective role.“Our study shows that when customers are informed about drip pricing techniques， they are less likely to fall for them， ultimately leading to more cost-effective purchases，” Dr.Doe said. The success of drip pricing depends on customers not knowing or accepting these extra costs.An interesting suggestion to fight these practices could be the start of an annual event to highlight and criticize the worst examples of drip pricing.Possible award categories might include The Biggest Drip， Most Uselessly Named Charge， and the Droplet Award for multiple extra pricing add-ons.Such an event could strengthen customers and promote openness in pricing， thereby challenging the success of drip pricing. As we progress into the era of digital commerce， the need for transparency and fairness in pricing is becoming increasingly important.Consumer advocates argue that the key to fighting drip pricing lies not only in stricter laws and regulations from the government but also in equipping consumers with the necessary knowledge and tools. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。水滴定价是一种策略，商 家逐渐在客户的账单上增加额外费用，使最初宣传的价格上涨，这 已经引起了广泛关注，人们呼吁对它进行防范和管理。 8. What does the term “drip pricing” refer to？ A. An outdated approach applied in e-commerce pricing. B. An in-depth study on the continual rise of business prices. C. A pricing strategy involving added costs to the initial price. D. A cost reduction technique commonly employed in airlines. 答案：C 8 9 10 11 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Drip pricing is a strategy where businesses gradually add extra charges to a customer’s bill， making the initially advertised price rise.”可知，“水滴定价”指的是在初 始价格基础上增加成本的定价策略。 8 9 10 11 9. What drives customers to proceed with a purchase even as costs increase？ A. Fear of losing previous orders. B. Restrictions from acts and laws. C. Emotional commitment to the product. D. Unawareness of the additional charges. 答案：C 8 9 10 11 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“As extra fees are added， customers often continue with the purchase despite the increased cost due to their emotional investment.”可知，对产品的情感投入驱使顾 客在成本增加的情况下继续购买。 8 9 10 11 10. According to Dr.Jane Doe， how to protect consumers from drip pricing？ A. By enforcing clear new laws. B. By providing consumer education. C. By promoting cost-effective shopping. D. By organizing challenging annual events. 答案：B 8 9 10 11 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和第三句“Dr.Jane Doe from the Consumer Behavior Research Group at the University of Cambridge found that customers’ knowledge plays an effective role.‘Our study shows that when customers are informed about drip pricing techniques， they are less likely to fall for them， ultimately leading to more cost-effective purchases，’ Dr.Doe said.”可知，可以通过提供 消费者教育来保护消费者免受水滴定价技术的欺骗。 8 9 10 11 11. What can be inferred from paragraphs 4 and 5？ A. Annual events will award successful drip pricing. B. Ignoring drip pricing is an effective way to resist it. C. Consumer advocates need support from the media. D. Consumers and authorities should make joint efforts. 答案：D 8 9 10 11 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Consumer advocates argue that the key to fighting drip pricing lies not only in stricter laws and regulations from the government but also in equipping consumers with the necessary knowledge and tools.”可知，从第四段和第五段中可以 推断出，消费者和当局应该共同努力。 8 9 10 11 D Taking in dirty air does great harm to our health. Air pollution lowers the average life spans by a year worldwide and in more polluted parts of Asia and Africa， dirty air shortens lives up to twice that much. Scientists shared their new findings in Environmental Science & Technology Letters. The study used data gathered in 2016 as part of a project known as the Global Burden of Disease and was the first major country-by-country look at the connection between the length of life and what’s known as fine PM. Air pollution has been linked to many health problems. Most earlier studies had looked at how tiny air pollutants affected rates of illness or death. Joshua Apte is an environmental scientist at the University of Texas at Austin. By looking at life expectancy (预期寿 命)， his team had hoped to make the threat easier to understand.PM 2.5 is what scientists call tiny particles (颗粒) of pollution in the air. Higher levels of PM 2. 5 can cause health problems and cut months， if not years， from the average length of life.This analysis shows how pollution affects life expectancy in different parts of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends limiting PM 2. 5 to 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air. Apte’s group calculated how holding pollution to this low level would help people.In countries with very dirty air， meeting this standard would lengthen people’s lives. However， in countries whose air already meets this standard， the study shows no gain in life expectancy. In other words，meeting the WHO standard won’t reduce health costs resulting from dirty air because even below 10 micrograms per cubic meter， pollution still causes serious risks.Meanwhile， the scientists compared how other threats including smoking and cancer shorten the length of life across the globe. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了寿命和fine PM之间的关系。 12. What is special about the study？ A. It won recognition from a professional journal. B. It discussed health problems caused by air pollution. C. It gathered lots of data for the Global Burden of Disease. D. It analyzed the link between life spans and PM by country. 答案：D 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...was the first major country-by- country look at the connection between the length of life and what’s known as fine PM. ”可知，这项研究的特别之处是它分析了国家间 的寿命和PM之间的联系。故选D项。 12 13 14 15 13. What is Joshua Apte’s team trying to do？ A. Help people better understand air pollution. B. Study life expectancy in different countries. C. Know how small air pollutants affect health. D. Deal with different kinds of health problems. 答案：A 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据第二段“By looking at life expectancy， his team had hoped to make the threat easier to understand.”可知，Joshua Apte 的团队想要帮助人们更好地了解空气污染。故选A项。 12 13 14 15 14. What will happen if a country limits PM 2.5 to 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air？ A. People’s life spans will surely increase. B. It will guarantee people clean air. C. People’s health may not be much improved. D. It will get strong support from the WHO. 答案：C 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In other words， meeting the WHO standard won’t reduce health costs resulting from dirty air because even below 10 micrograms per cubic meter， pollution still causes serious risks.”可知，人们的健康可能不会得到很大改善。故选C项。 12 13 14 15 15. What might be discussed in the following paragraphs？ A. How other threats shorten life expectancy. B. How cleaning up the air can lengthen lives. C. How air pollution shortens lives by country. D. How all the countries deal with severe pollution. 答案：A 12 13 14 15 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Meanwhile， the scientists compared how other threats including smoking and cancer shorten the length of life across the globe.”可知，选A项。 12 13 14 15 写作规范练(四) 40分钟 Ⅰ.应用文写作——申请信 (2023·重庆万州期中)假如你是李华，你校要招聘一名学生 志愿者，主要负责与本校的国外交换生的联系工作。条件是英 语水平高，能熟练操作计算机，热心为他人服务。请你据此写 一封申请信。 注意： 1. 词数：80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：国外交换生：international exchange students Dear Sir or Madam， ⁠ ⁠ 　　Looking forward to hearing from you. Yours， Li Hua [参考范文]  　Dear Sir or Madam，　 I have learned that our school is in need of a volunteer working for communicating with the international exchange students. I would like you to consider me for the position. I have a great passion for English. In the past two years，I have been an editor for the English Paper in my school. I am familiar with computer operation and office software，which can help me work well. What’s more，I am always ready to help others and offer good service. I think I am competent for the job. I would appreciate it if I could have the opportunity to get the job.  　Looking forward to hearing from you.　 　Yours，　 　Li Hua　 Ⅱ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之 构成一篇完整的短文。 (2023·广东9月南粤名校联考) Caught in a Flood Mary and her parents were downstairs in the living room. Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside. It had been raining non-stop for three days. She had never seen a storm this bad. It was making her nervous. The wind roared and the rain beat on the roof and windows. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio，while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag. “Mum，Dad，” said Mary suddenly，“I think we should leave here right away！” “No，” said Dad. “It’s too late： The radio says the city has already been flooded.” “We can drive our car through the floodwater. Let’s leave！ I’m really scared！” cried Mary. “We can’t do that，honey，” explained Mum，“otherwise the moving water could wash the car away！” Mary walked to the door. She was curious to see how much water there was outside. “Don’t open the door！” shouted Mum and Dad at the same time. “The water may flood in！” Dad moved the dinner table against the door，in case the floodwater forced the door open. Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa. “Mary，don’t worry. Everything’s going to be OK，” she said softly，trying her best to comfort Mary. Her voice was calm，but Mary could tell she was worried too. Without saying a single word，Dad walked to the sofa，sat down and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside. What could they do？ 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 All of a sudden，the floodwater forced the door open. ⁠ ⁠ Being upstairs，they breathed a sigh of relief. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ [参考范文]  　All of a sudden，the floodwater forced the door open.　 Shocked，frightened and extremely scared，Mary saw the floodwaters pouring into the room，leaving the dinner table upside down. She didn’t know what to do，trembling，and turned to her mum for help. An idea occurred to Mum that they had to go upstairs，because they had no choice but to save themselves at that moment，and it would be of great danger to stay in place before rescue came to them. Dad also rushed to the second floor without hesitation，not forgetting to take the bag containing important documents and disaster supplies.  　Being upstairs，they breathed a sigh of relief.　 However，the floodwater had flooded into the whole living room downstairs. They were all nervous and scared to see the floodwater rise further. Fortunately，what relieved them a little was that they prepared enough food and water supplies in advance. The rain was still raining non-stop. Mary and Mum became increasingly nervous while Dad kept giving them comfort and encouragement. Later，they learned from the radio that the government was organizing rescue groups to save people caught in their home by boat. Thinking they would be saved，they couldn’t be more excited. Until then，the easiness and warmth welled up in every corner of the room， seeming to make the floodwater outside less frightening outside. It doesn’t matter what you did when you were faced with tough situation，and what matters most is that you made a wise decision and well prepared. $$