Unit 3 The art of painting-【优化探究】2025年高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版2020）

Unit 3　The art of painting 选择性必修第一册 课件使用说明 01 本课件使Office 2016制作，请使用相应软件打开并使用 使用软件 02 本课件理科公式均采用微软公式制作，如果您是Office 2007或WPS 2021年4月份以前的版本，会出现包含公式及数字无法编辑的情况，请您升级软件享受更优质体验 软件版本 03 本课件文本框内容可编辑，单击文本框即可进行修改和编辑 便捷操作 04 由于WPS软件原因，少量电脑可能存在理科公式无动画的问题，请您安装Office 2016或以上版本即可解决该问题 软件更新 (主题语境：人与社会——艺术) 【话题词汇】 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 基础知识　自测落实 核心考点　互动探究 跟踪检测　运用提升 课时作业　巩固提升 基础知识　自测落实 单元词句背诵 一、阅读词汇——知其意 1.portrait n. 肖像，半身画像；详细的描述，描绘 2. canvas n. 画布，油画；帆布 3. brushwork n. (画家的)笔触，画法 4. essence n. 本质，精髓；香精，精油 5. calling n. 职业，事业；使命感 6. toast n. 吐司，烤面包片；干杯，祝酒 vt. 为……干杯；烤；取暖 7. garlic n. 蒜，大蒜 8. mushroom n. 蘑菇 9. scroll n. 长卷纸，卷轴 10. perspective n. 透视法；态度，观点；客观判断力；景观，远景 11. scale n. 规模，范围；等级，级别；标度；比例 12.emperor n. 皇帝 二、核心词汇——明其形 1.landscape n.乡村风景画；风景，景色 2. wander vi.& vt.闲逛，漫步；走失；走神；蜿蜒曲折 3. gallery n.展览馆，画廊；长廊，走廊；楼上旁听席 4. decade n. 十年，十年期 5. mostly adv. 主要地，一般地 6. pond n. 池塘，水池 7. neighbourhood (AmE neighborhood) n. 街区，城区；邻近的地方 8. strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck) 突然想到；撞，碰；打；突击；罢工；划(火柴) n.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　罢工；袭击；击，打 9. setting n. 环境，背景；情节背景 10. like-minded adj. 想法相同的，志趣相投的 11. dominate vt.& vi.　　 在……中具有最重要(或明显)的特色；支配，控制；占有优势；俯视 12. realistic adj. 逼真的，栩栩如生的；现实的，实际的；明智的 13. vivid adj. 鲜明的，耀眼的；生动的 14. vision n. 远见卓识；视力，视野；想象 15. display vt. 陈列，展出；显示，表现 n. 陈列，展览；表现；展示 16. worthy adj. 值得(或应得)……的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的 17. shade n. 阴影部分；色度；阴凉处 18. bathe vt. 以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗 19. wage vt. 开始，发动 n. (通常指按周领的)工资，工钱 20. campaign n. (宣传)活动，运动；战役 vt.& vi. 发起运动，参加活动 21. architecture n. 建筑设计，建筑风格；建筑学 22. raw adj.未经加工的，自然状态的；生的，未烹制的 23. insight n. 洞悉，了解；洞察力，领悟 24. crop n. 庄稼，作物；收成，产量 25. wind vi.& vt.(wound，wound) 蜿蜒，迂回；上发条；缠绕 26. sail vi.& vt.(乘船)航行；起航；驾驶(船只)；飘，掠 n. 帆；乘船航行 27. civilian n. 平民，老百姓，庶民 28. butcher n. 肉贩，屠夫 29. apparent adj. 显而易见，明白易懂，显然 30. precise adj. 细致的，精细的；准确的，精确的；恰好的 31. enormous adj. 巨大的，庞大的 32. comprehensive adj. 全面的，详尽的；综合性的 33. clothing n. 衣服，服装 34. temple n. 庙宇，寺院 35. structure n. 建筑物；结构，构造；精心组织 36. overall adj.　　　　　　　　　　　 全面的，综合的 adv.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　全部，总计；一般来说，大体上 37. critic n. 批评家，评论家；批评者，挑剔的人 38. soldier n. 军人，士兵 39. crisis n.(pl.crises) 危机，危急关头；危难时刻，病危期 40. decline n. 衰退，衰落，减少，下降 vi.& vt. 减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝 41. overthrow vt.(overthrew，overthrown) 推翻，打倒 n. 推翻，打倒 42. outstanding adj. 优秀的，杰出的；突出的，明显的 43. rare adj. 稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的 44. historic adj. 历史上著名的；有史时期的 45.career n. 经历，事业；生涯，职业 三、拓展词汇——通其变 1. liberation n.解放，摆脱→liberate vt.解放，使自由，摆脱 2. oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed adj.截然不同的； 强烈反对的→opposition n.反对；对立 3. employ vt.运用，使用；雇用→employer n.雇主→employee n.雇员 →employment n.雇用；就业→unemployment n.失业；失业率 4. arrange vt.& vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备→arrangement n.布置； 整理；筹备；安排 5. ambitious adj.宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的→ambition n.野心，雄心；抱负 6. inspection n.检查，查看，审视；视察→inspect vt.检查；视察； 审视 7. expose vt.暴露，显露；揭露，揭穿；使遭受；使接触→exposure n.暴露；揭露；接触→exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的 8. political adj.政治的，政府的，政权的；政党的，党派的→politics n.政治学→politician n.政客 9. exhibition n.展览，展出→exhibit v.展览，展出n.展览品，陈列品 1.as opposed to (表示对比)而，相对于 2. all walks of life 各行各业，社会各界 3. go about sth. 忙于做某事，继续做某事 4. be down to 由……引起(或造成) 5. in one’s own right 凭自身的资格(或努力) 6. speak volumes about 充分说明，清楚表明 7. look forward to 期望……，盼望…… 8. be housed in 被安置在…… 9. prepare sb.for 使某人为……做好准备 10. lay eyes on 看到……，看见…… 11. pick...out of... 从……中选出…… 12. make/leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象 13. be struck by 被……打动；迷恋…… 14. lose control of 失去对……的控制 15. a wide range of 大范围的；各种不同的 16.in decline 下降；在衰退中 常见结构 1. as引导时间状语从句 2. even though引导让步状语从句 3. every time引导时间状语从句 4. 强调句型 5. 过去分词短语作后置定语 单元基础默写 Ⅰ.词汇默写 一、核心词汇 1. vi.& vt.闲逛，漫步；走失；走神；蜿蜒曲折 2. adv.主要地，一般地 3. vt.& vi.(struck，struck) 突然想到；撞，碰；打；突 击；罢工；划(火柴) n.罢工；袭击；击，打 4. vt.& vi.在……中具有最重要(或明显)的特色；支 配，控制；占有优势；俯视 wander　 mostly　 strike　 dominate　 5. adj.逼真的，栩栩如生的；现实的，实际的；明智的 6. adj.鲜明的，耀眼的；生动的 7. vt.陈列，展出；显示，表现n.陈列，展览；表 现；展示 8. adj.值得(或应得)……的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的 9. n.阴影部分；色度；阴凉处 10. vt.以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用 水清洗 11. vt.开始，发动n.(通常指按周领的)工资，工钱 realistic　 vivid　 display　 worthy　 shade　 bathe　 wage　 12. n.(宣传)活动，运动；战役vt.& vi.发起运动，参加 活动 13. n.建筑设计，建筑风格；建筑学 14. adj.未经加工的，自然状态的；生的，未烹制的 15. n.洞悉，了解；洞察力，领悟 16. vi.& vt.(wound，wound) 蜿蜒，迂回；上发条；缠绕 17. vi.& vt.(乘船)航行；起航；驾驶(船只)；飘，掠n.帆； 乘船航行 18. adj.显而易见，明白易懂，显然 campaign　 architecture　 raw　 insight　 wind　 sail　 apparent　 19. adj.细致的，精细的；准确的，精确的；恰好的 20. adj.巨大的，庞大的 21. adj.全面的，详尽的；综合性的 22. adj.全面的，综合的adv.全部，总计；一般来说，大 体上 23. n.批评家，评论家；批评者，挑剔的人 24. n.(pl.crises) 危机，危急关头；危难时刻，病危期 25. n.衰退，衰落，减少，下降vi.& vt.减少，下降，衰 退，衰落；谢绝 precise　 enormous　 comprehensive　 overall　 critic　 crisis　 decline　 26. vt.(overthrew，overthrown) 推翻，打倒n.推翻， 打倒 27. adj.优秀的，杰出的；突出的，明显的 28. adj.稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的 overthrow　 outstanding　 rare　 二、拓展词汇 1. n.环境，背景；情节背景→ v.放，置，使处 于；设置；以……为背景；安排 2. n.解放，摆脱→ vt.解放；使自由 3. adj.截然不同的；强烈反对的→ vi.& vt. 反对→ adj.对抗的；相反的→ n.对立面 adj.对面的；相反的 prep.在……对面→ n.反对；对 手；对立 setting　 set　 liberation　 liberate　 opposed　 oppose　 opposing　 opposite　 opposition　 4. vt.运用，使用；雇用→ n.雇员 → n.雇主，老板→ n.使用；职业；就 业；雇用 5. adj.逼真的，栩栩如生的；现实的，实际的；明智的 → adj.真的；真实的→ adv.确实；事实上 → n.现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历→ vt. 实现；认识到→ adv.逼真地；实际地 6. n.本质，精髓；香精，精油→ adj.必不 可少的；本质的，基本的 employ　 employee　 employer　 employment　 realistic　 real　 really　 reality　 realise　 realistically　 essence　 essential　 7. adj.鲜明的，耀眼的；生动的→ adv.生动地 8. adj.值得(或应得)……的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的 → adj.值得；有……价值，值……钱→ ⁠ adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的 → adj.没用的，无价值的 9. vt.以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗 → n.洗澡，洗浴；浴缸，浴盆 vt.给……洗澡 10. vt.& vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备→ ⁠ n.整理，布置；安排，筹备；约定；排列 vivid　 vividly　 worthy　 worth　 worthwhile　 worthless　 bathe　 bath　 arrange　 arrangement　 11. adj.显而易见，明白易懂，显然 → ⁠ adv.显然，可见 12. adj.宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的 → adv.雄心勃勃地，劲头十足地；热切地 → n.野心，雄心，壮志；追求的目标，夙愿 13. adj.巨大的，庞大的→ adv.非常， 极其 apparent　 apparently　 ambitious　 ambitiously　 ambition　 enormous　 enormously　 14. adj.全面的，详尽的；综合性的 → n.理解力，领悟能力；理解练习 → vt.理解，领悟 15. n.批评家，评论家；批评者，挑剔的人→ ⁠ adj.批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的→ adv.批评性 地；危急地→ n.批评→ vt.& vi.批评，批 判，挑剔，指责；评价 16. n.检查，查看，审视；视察→ vt.& vi. 检查，查看，审视；视察→ n.检查员，视察员 comprehensive　 comprehension　 comprehend　 critic　 critical　 critically　 criticism　 criticize　 inspection　 inspect　 inspector　 17. vt.揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触 → n.揭露；面临，遭受；报道 18. adj.政治的，政府的，政权的；政党的，党派的 → n.政治，政治事务；(个人的)政治观点，政见 → adv.政治上→ n.政治家，从政者；投 机钻营者 19. n.展览，展出→ vt.& vi.展览，展出； 表现出n.展览品 expose　 exposure　 political　 politics　 politically　 politician　 exhibition　 exhibit　 20. adj.稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的→ adv. 罕有，很少，不常 21. adj.历史上著名的；有史时期的→ n.历 史；历史学→ adv.历史上地；从历史观点上说 → n.历史学家，史学工作者 rare　 rarely　 historic　 history　 historically　 historian　 Ⅱ.语块默写 1. (表示对比)而，相对于 2. 各行各业，社会各界 3. 忙于做某事，继续做某事 4. 由……引起(或造成) 5. 凭自身的资格(或努力) 6. 充分说明，清楚表明 7. 被安置在…… 8. 看到……，看见…… 9. 从……中选出…… 10. 失去对……的控制 as opposed to　 all walks of life　 go about sth.　 be down to　 in one’s own right　 speak volumes about　 be housed in　 lay eyes on　 pick...out of...　 lose control of　 Ⅲ.课文佳句 1. as引导时间状语从句 ，I appreciated masterpieces like The Ballet Class and The Card Players. 当我漫步在印象派展馆时，我欣赏着像《舞蹈课》和《玩纸牌者》 这样的杰作。 As I wandered through the Impressionist gallery　 2. even though引导让步状语从句 ⁠ ，nothing could have prepared me for the wonder I felt when I finally laid eyes on the real thing. 尽管我在电脑屏幕上已经欣赏过它们数百次，但当我终于亲眼见到 实物时，还是觉得猝不及防，惊叹不已。 Even though I had admired them hundreds of times on my computer screen　 3. every time引导时间状语从句 It is amazing that ，he brought the pond’s beauty to the canvas in a unique way. 令人赞叹的是，莫奈每次端详睡莲池这处简单的风景，都以独特的 方式让它的美跃然于画布之上。 every time Monet studied this simple scene　 4. 强调句型 Although the paintings had very different settings， ⁠ stayed with me long after I left the Musée d’Orsay... 尽管这两幅画的背景截然不同，但在我离开奥赛博物馆后很长一段 时间里，一直萦绕着我的却是它们的相似之处…… it was their similarities that　 5. 过去分词短语作后置定语 It is commonly believed that the city ⁠ is Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng)，the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. 人们通常认为，画中描绘的城市是汴京(今开封)，即北宋的都城。 described in the painting　 基础知识检测 Ⅰ.词性转换 1. (2023·全国甲卷改编)I must add that I started reading the books from the start，as (oppose) to working backwards. 2. (2023·浙江1月卷)Yes，the (employ)dressed up as movie characters，and every customer received a discount card. 3. (2023·浙江1月卷)I parked my car outside the farm and walked past a milking house which had (apparent) not been used in many years. opposed　 employees　 apparently　 4. (人教B6U3)In addition，the (ambition) “Water Ten Plan” is also now tackling water pollution across the country. 5. (人教B6U3)A (comprehension) initiative was started，with a number of measures that addressed the issues. 6. (外研B6U5)The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and (critic) of the depressive court life. 7. (人教B6U3)At the same time，they started to carry out (inspect) regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuses. ambitious　 comprehensive　 critical　 inspections　 8. (外研B2U6)It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your (bathe) is. 9. (2023·浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China，almost every hutong has its stories，and some are even associated with (history) events. bath　 historic　 Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. You can (忙你的事).I think I can do it myself. 2. Doctor Smith thinks the skin disease ⁠ (由潮湿的天气引起). 3. What he said just now ⁠ (充分说明他的决心)to meet the challenge. 4. He advocates that students should have discussions ⁠ (而不是只是听老师讲课). go about your business　 is down to damp climate　 spoke volumes about his determination　 as opposed to just listening to the teacher　 5. (各行各业的人) should build a society where they keep their children free from violence. 6. James was admitted to a local key university (凭 自身的努力)， which made his parents very proud. People from all walks of life　 in his own right　 Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 我每次有困难的时候总是请求李老师的帮助。(every time) ，I always turned to Mr.Li for help. 2. 如图表所示，在过去几年里，科技已经改变了人们获取新闻的方 式。(定语从句) As the chart shows，technology has transformed the way ⁠ ⁠. Every time I was in trouble　 people get news during the past years　 3. 让他高兴的是，他的两个孩子和妻子都被邀请参加公司举行的聚 会。(as well as) Much to his delight，his wife ⁠ the party held by the company. 4. (外研B3U6)尽管我们损失惨重，但那样的时刻重新点燃了我们对 未来的希望。 ，moments like those gave us hope for the future. as well as his two kids was invited to　 Even though we had lost a lot　 5. (外研B4U5)这是一个没有取得学位就离开医学院的年轻人。 ⁠ without completing his degree. It was a young man who had left medical school　 核心考点　互动探究 1. wander vi.& vt.闲逛，漫步；走失；走神；蜿蜒曲折 ①After dinner，they all like to wander ⁠ the streets. ②I longed to wander ⁠ the land of China and cherish the great achievements of the older generation. ③The boys wandered ⁠ the town with nothing to do yesterday afternoon. ④他偶遇一位愁容满面的老妇人独自在街上徘徊。 He came across a sad-looking elderly woman ⁠ ⁠. through　 over　 around/about　 wandering the streets by herself　 wander around四处闲逛，到处游荡 wander through漫步穿过 wander off the subject跑题 one’s mind wanders思想开小差 wander about/over the world周游世界 wander away/off走失；走散 wander from偏离…… 2. strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck)打；撞，碰；罢工；突击；突然想 到；报时；划(火柴) n.罢工；袭击；击，打 ①He had moved to Galveston，where he died in 1899，a year before the hurricane (strike). ② (strike) by your talent in the robotic competition，I’d like to invite you to join us. ③Just before September，Miller (strike) by a car and lost his right arm. ④The difference between them was very (strike). struck　 Struck　 was struck　 striking　 ⑤泰山的美让我刻骨铭心，因此，我突然想到我会再次游览泰山。 Mount Tai has ；as a result， ⁠ ⁠ I will visit it again. struck its beauty into my heart　 it strikes me that　 (1)be struck by/with...被……击中/打动 It strikes sb.that...某人突然记起…… strike...into one’s heart使……刻骨铭心 strike sb.as being...给某人的印象是…… (2)be/go on strike在/举行罢工 (3)striking adj.引人注目的；显著的 3. opposed adj.截然不同的；强烈反对的 ①We are (oppose) to any action that does great harm to the environment. ②The husband strongly opposes his wife (go) to the party by herself. opposed　 going　 ③The local government cancelled the new proposal because a lot of people were opposed to it. → ，the local government cancelled it.(with复合结构) → ，the local government cancelled it.(独立主格) With a lot of people opposed to/opposing the new proposal　 A lot of people opposed to/opposing the new proposal　 ④这种艺术形式允许画家以一种更微妙的方式表达某种情绪或情 感，而不是直接呈现。 This art form allows artists to express a certain mood or emotion in a more subtle way， ⁠ presenting it directly. as opposed to　 [实战贴士]　(1)oppose后常用动词-ing形式；be opposed to结构中， to是介词。 (2)表示反对的其他短语：disagree with、be against、object to (doing sth.)等。 (1)be opposed to 反对……；与……对立 as opposed to (表示对比)而，相对于 (2)oppose vt.反对，反抗；与(某人)较量 oppose (3)opposite prep.& adj.& n.在……对面；相反的；相反；对立 opponent n.对手；反对者 4. employ vt.雇用(hire)；运用，使用，利用(时间、精力等)(make use of time，energy) ①Grocery stores try to have enough (employ) at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. ②The government has taken effective measures to create more (employ) opportunities. ③The boss decided to employ Tom ⁠ her secretary because of his outstanding performance. ④假如我有幸被雇用，我将尽最大的努力回报您的信任。 If I ，I will spare no effort to repay you for your trust. employees　 employment　 as　 am lucky enough to be employed　 (1)employ sb.as...雇用某人任…… employ sb.to do sth.雇用某人做某事 employ oneself in doing sth.忙于做某事 be employed in doing sth.从事于某事 (2)employer n.雇主 employee n.雇员；受雇者 employment n.职业；工作；使用 5. worthy adj.值得尊敬的，值得注意的；值得(或应得)……的 ①As a matter of fact，all the rare and endangered animals are well worthy of (protect). ②The problem he has just mentioned is worthy ⁠ (discuss). ③It is worthwhile (prepare) for the worst conditions we might meet. being protected　 to be discussed　 preparing/to prepare　 ④Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture，I think this festival is worth experiencing. →Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture，I think this festival ⁠ .(worthy) →Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture，I think ⁠ this festival.(worthwhile) is worthy to be experienced/is worthy of being experienced　 it is worthwhile experiencing/to experience　 (1)be worthy of being done值得被做 be worthy to be done值得被做 (2)worth adj.值得的；值……钱 n.价值(value)；作用 be (well) worth doing...……(非常)值得被做 be worth＋n.值得……；值…… (3)worthwhile adj.重要的；有益的；值得做的 It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.值得做某事 6. arrange vt.& vi.整理，布置；筹备，安排(plan or agree in advance) ①I’ve arranged (see) him on Friday morning. ②We arranged ⁠ a car to collect them from the airport. ③We have made special (arrange) for Mom’s birthday party，which will definitely be a surprise. ④I received your letter and knew that you wanted to know my arrangement for my summer vacation. →I received your letter ⁠ .(现在分词短语作状语) to see　 for　 arrangements　 asking me to get you informed of my summer vacation arrangement　 ⑤他们已经安排好让我们明天去游览长城，我相信我们在那里一定 会玩得很开心。 ⁠ the Great Wall tomorrow.I’m sure we’ll have a good time there. [误区释疑]　arrange用作及物动词表示“安排，筹备”时，其后通 常接事情，而非具体的人或物；若接具体的人或物，arrange后需要 接介词for。 They’ve already arranged for us to visit　 (1)arrange sth.for sb.为某人安排某事 arrange to do sth.安排做某事 arrange for...to do sth.安排……做某事 (2)arrangement n.安排；筹备；商定 come to an arrangement 达成协议 make arrangements for为……做好安排 7. expose vt.使接触；使遭受；显露，暴露；揭穿，揭露(uncover) ①I always sit in the non-smoking section of restaurants to reduce my (expose) to smoke. ②There are more than 740 million Chinese (expose) to second-hand smoking in public places now. exposure　 exposed　 ③长期暴露在阳光下对你的皮肤有害。 → ⁠ for too long will be harmful to your skin.(动词-ing短语作主语) → for too long，your skin will get injured.(if省略句) [实战贴士]　及物动词expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形 式；在expose...to...以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用 名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 Exposing yourself to the sunlight　 If exposed to the sunlight　 (1)expose oneself to将自己暴露在……中；遭受…… be exposed to被暴露在……中；使遭受…… (2)exposed adj.暴露的，无遮蔽的 exposure n.暴露；揭露 8. decline n.(数量、价格、质量等的)减少，下降；衰退，衰落 vi.& vt.减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝(refuse) ①In spite of many invitations，he would always decline ⁠ (display) his works. ②The number of tourists to the resort declined 10％ last year ⁠ 5 million. to display　 by　 to　 ③The number of people who like reading has been declining in the past few years. →The number of people who like reading has been ⁠ ⁠ in the past few years. ④我邀请他们搭便车，但他们婉言谢绝了。 I offered to give them a lift but they ⁠. in decline/on the decline　 declined with thanks　 (1)decline to do sth.婉言拒绝做某事 (2)decline by 下降了 decline to 下降到 (3)on the decline在衰退中 a sharp decline in在某方面急剧下降 the economic decline经济衰退 decline stage下降阶段；衰退阶段 9. bathe vt.以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗 ①The moon bathed the countryside ⁠ a sliver light. ②When I reached the scene，Mary was bathed in (tear) at the death of her husband. ③The sun began to rise in the sky， (bathe) the mountains in an orange light. in　 tears　 bathing　 ④小时候，我喜欢躺在草地上，沐浴在阳光中。 When I was a child，I would like to lie on the grassland，with ⁠ ⁠. (1)bathe the wound清洗伤口 bathe...in/be bathed in沐浴在……中 (2)bath n.洗澡，洗浴 take/have a bath 洗澡 my body bathed in sunshine　 10. go about sth.忙于做某事，继续做某事 ①As time went ，they realized that they had been wrong. ②More and more graduates are going ⁠ finding jobs. ③You can’t go the law，or you will be punished. ④我想学德语，但我不知道怎样学最好。 I want to learn German but I don’t know ⁠ ⁠. by　 about　 against　 the best way to go about it　 go against与……相背，违反 go after追赶 go by流逝；过去 go on继续下去；开始运行 go for努力争取；适用于 go in for参加考试(或竞赛)；爱好(某活动) go up上升；(价格)上涨；升起 go through经历，遭受；用完；耗尽 go over反复研究；仔细检查 11. apparent adj.显而易见，明白易懂，显然 ①The fact soon became apparent to everyone ⁠ what the boy said was unreal. ② (apparent)，their friendship is on the rocks. ③很显然，吸烟有害健康。 that　 Apparently　 ⁠ (1)It is apparent that...显然…… (2)apparently adv.据说；看来；显然 It is apparent that smoking does harm to our health.　 12. [教材原句]　Although the paintings had very different settings，it was their similarities that stayed with me long after I left the Musée d’Orsay...尽管这两幅画的背景截然不同，但在我离 开奥赛博物馆后很长一段时间里，一直萦绕着我的却是它们的相似 之处…… ①正是语言和文化课程使这所大学出名。 ⁠ make the university famous.(强调句型) It is the language and culture courses that　 ②是因为你参与了这次宣传活动你才意识到环保的重要性吗？ ⁠ you participated in the campaign that you realized the importance of environmental protection？ ③I didn’t go to bed until he got back deep into the night. → ⁠ (强调句型) Was it because　 It was not until he got back deep into the night that I went to bed.　 (1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋ 其他部分。另外要注意：本句型不能用于强调原句的谓语动 词。 (2)一般疑问句结构：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他 部分？ (3)特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他部 分？ (4)对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构： It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。 跟踪检测　运用提升 层级一 核心知识精准练 过基础 维度1　单句语法填空 1. (2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 2. It suddenly (strike) me how we could improve the situation. be employed　 struck　 3. Borrowed words are an outcome of language development that can hardly be avoided，but some language communities oppose (adopt) words from other cultures. 4. (人教B4U4)In Japan，someone who witnesses another person (employ)the gesture might think it means money. 5. (外研B4U2)How was it possible，I asked myself，to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy note？ adopting　 employing　 of　 6. (北师B6U7)Even they never see their results，they feel that their IQ is what determines how well they are going to do in life. 7. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and (arrange) in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. 8. (北师B5U4)In Britain，Mr.Atkinson is (most) famous for many successful TV shows but internationally we know him best as the awkward，clumsy，but always amusing Mr.Bean. if　 arranged　 mostly　 9. (2022·浙江1月卷)For nearly decade now，Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. 10. (2021·全国甲卷)When I returned to London in 2004，I found myself (wander) down to Southbank，spending hours there. a　 wandering　 维度2　熟词生义 A. v.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击　B. v.击，打 C. v.报时　D. v.打动　E. v.突然想到　F. n.罢工 (1)The workers went on strike for a pay rise. ⁠ (2)I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning. ⁠ (3)I was struck by his inspiring words，and I decided to cooperate with him. ⁠ ⁠ F　 C　 D　 1. strike ⁠ (4)It struck me that I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day. ⁠ (5)When a disaster strikes，you might find yourself without water， gas and electricity. ⁠ (6)It gave me a shock that an apple fell off the tree and struck me on the head. ⁠ E　 A　 B　 A. v.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击　B. v.击，打 C. v.报时　D. v.打动　E. v.突然想到　F. n.罢工 2. wind A. n.风，气流　 B. vt.卷绕，缠绕 C. vt.上紧……的发条　 D. vt.弯曲，蜿蜒 (1)You must wind this clock once a day. ⁠ (2)The river winds its way between two meadows. ⁠ (3)One day，we will have to rely on alternative energy，such as solar and wind energy for daily life and to power machines. ⁠ (4)Wind a bandage firmly around the wounded leg and you can stop bleeding. ⁠ C　 D　 A　 B　 3. Yet，the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking.People’s attention wanders constantly.In fact，most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. ⁠ ⁠ 4. The government，along with the three armed groups which waged the civil war，signed a peace agreement. ⁠ 5. I have rarely seen her display any sign of emotion. ⁠ 6. The minister declined to make a comment on the legend. ⁠ v.走神，(思想) 开小差，胡思乱想　 vt.发动，发起　 vt.显露　 v.谢绝，婉言拒绝　 维度3　完成句子/一句多译/句式升级 1. 就我个人来说，《一起成长》这部英文短片值得观看。(worthy) As far as I’m concerned，the short English film—Growing Together .(worthy) 2. 牛顿忙着在实验室里做实验，没有注意到他的朋友已经离开了。 ① ，Newton did not notice his friend had left.(过去分词短语作状语) ② ，Newton did not notice his friend had left.(现在分词短语作状语) is worthy to be watched/of being watched　 Employed in doing experiments in the lab　 Employing himself in doing experiments in the lab　 3. 他正在看电视，这时他突然想到了一个新主意。 ①He was watching TV .(strike) ②He was watching TV .(occur) ③He was watching TV .(hit) when a new idea struck him　 when a new idea occurred to him　 when a new idea hit him　 4. I didn’t realize the importance of teamwork until I took part in the basketball game. → ⁠ (强调句型) → ⁠ (倒装句) It was not until I took part in the basketball game that I realized the importance of teamwork.　 Not until I took part in the basketball game did I realize the importance of teamwork.　 层级二 必备素养提升练 提能力 提能1　应用文写作 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确 形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear Peter， I’m writing to invite you to visit an art exhibition，① ⁠ (旨在促进中国传统 文化；定语从句). which is aimed at promoting traditional Chinese culture　 The exhibition will be held in our city gallery at 6 p.m.next Saturday.② 　　　　　　　　　　 　　 ⁠ (展览以中国传统剪纸为主) as well as excellent calligraphy and paintings，which are all made or possessed by some painters，who will join in the exhibition.In addition，among the painters are some famous artists.I know ③ ⁠ ⁠ (你偏爱中国传统文化)，so you had better not miss it.Hope to see you on Saturday evening！ The exhibition concentrates on traditional Chinese paper-cutting　 you have a preference for traditional Chinese culture　 Yours， Li Hua 提能2　单元读写结合 [教材续写语料] 场景 描写 gallery n.展览馆，画廊；长廊，走廊；楼上旁听席 calling n.职业，事业；使命感 crisis n.(pl.crises)危机，危急关头；危难时刻，病危期 exhibition n.展览，展出 动作 描写 wander vi.& vt.闲逛，漫步；走失；走神；蜿蜒曲折 strike vt.& vi.突然想到；撞，碰；打；突击；罢工；划(火柴) employ vt.运用，使用；雇用 display vt.陈列，展出；显示，表现 环境 描写 — [续写语料运用] 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答 案并背诵该语段。 亨利，一个超级艺术爱好者，漫无目的地在人行道上闲逛。他 身无分文，不知道自己该做什么。由于经济危机，他失业了。一抬 头，他看到了一个小的艺术画廊。他走进去，一边漫步一边欣赏着 这些展出的美作。所有的悲伤和担忧都消失了。他突然想到，他曾 经是一名优秀的艺术专业的学生。他可能已经找到了一个新的职 业——成为一名画家，这个职业或许可以给他带来幸福和好运。他 的脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。 Henry，a super art fan， ⁠ aimlessly.He was penniless and didn’t know ⁠.Because of ，he was unemployed.Looking up， he .He walked in， ⁠ ⁠.All sadness and worries disappeared. he once was an outstanding art student.He may —to be a painter， which may bring him happiness and good fortune. ⁠ ⁠. wandered on the pavement　 what to do　 the economic crisis　 saw a small art gallery　 wandered and appreciated the beautiful works displayed there　 It struck him that　 have found a new calling　 A wide smile lit up his face　 课时作业　巩固提升 主题语篇素养强化 40分钟 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·全国乙卷)Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge，mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation. Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar， either farm fields or highways，sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes.To make some of my landscape shots，I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography.I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph.I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake， Wisconsin，to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks，we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However，we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place，it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still， looking back on the photos，they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 体裁：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会——艺术——摄影途中的所见所闻 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为 一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。 1. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest？ A. By teaming up with other photographers. B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks. C. By studying the geographical conditions. D. By creating settings in the corn fields. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，作为一名中西部的风 景摄影师，作者应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄。 1 2 3 4 2. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author？ A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques. C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句可推知，作者认为，风景 摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。 1 2 3 4 3. What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake？ A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock. B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset. C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected. D. They had problems with their equipment. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第五句可推知，作者在与朋友的魔 鬼湖之旅中，到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。 1 2 3 4 4. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake？ A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting. 答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句可推知，作者认为自己在 魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。 1 2 3 4 B (2023·湖北武汉统考模拟)In 1879，an 8-year-old girl made a discovery that would rock our understanding of human history. On the walls of Altamira cave in northern Spain，she spotted amazing drawings of wild cows，painted in vivid red and black. More striking even than the images was their age：they were made thousands of years ago by modern humans’ supposedly primitive ancestors. Today，nearly 400 caves across Europe have been found decorated with hand stencils (模板)，strange symbols and beautiful images of animals created by these skillful artists. The discoveries led to the view that artistic talent arose after modern humans arrived in the region some 40，000 years ago，as part of a “cultural explosion” reflecting a flowering of the human mind.But more recent evidence has blown this idea out of the water.For a start，modern humans might not have been the first artists in Europe.What’s more，a collection of cave paintings emerging in Indonesia has dismissed the idea that Europe was the centre of creativity. Local people have long known that the caves of the island of Sulawesi，Indonesia，contain many painted images.Modern humans are thought to have reached the region some 65，000 years ago，but nobody imagined the art could be very old because ancient paintings seem unlikely to survive in the environment of high temperatures.A team of researchers led by Maxime Aubert，now at Griffith University in Australia，upended this idea using a technique that is shifting our understanding of cave art.Using this technique in seven caves，they found a hand stencil was at least 39，900 years old，making it the oldest known hand stencil at that time. This opened a floodgate to new discoveries in Indonesia.These included a hunting scene created at least 43，900 years ago，and by far the oldest descriptive artwork.“When we found that image，we were absolutely delighted，but when it turned out to be that old，we were almost jumping with joy，” says Adam Brumm，also at Griffith University. 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——艺术——壁画艺术的历史 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要是通过人们的发 现和专家们的研究，探索古老的洞穴壁画艺术的悠久的历史。 5. What did the girl find in the cave？ A. Wild animals. B. Ancient images. C. Painting techniques. D. Recording artists. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句及第三句可知，在西班牙北部 Altamira洞穴的墙壁上，她发现了用鲜艳的红色和黑色绘制的野生 奶牛的惊人画作，比这些图像更引人注目的是它们的年代：它们是 由现代人的原始祖先在几千年前制作的。由此可知，这个女孩在洞 穴发现了古老的图像。 5 6 7 8 6. What was a misunderstanding removed by recent evidence about the cave art？ A. It can be traced back to Europe. B. It reflected the flowering of human minds. C. Modern humans led to its rise in Indonesia. D. Modern humans might not have been real artists. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第二段第三句及第四句可知，首先，现代人 可能不是欧洲最早的艺术家，更重要的是，在印度尼西亚发现 的一组洞穴壁画驳斥了欧洲是创造力中心的观点。由此可知， 欧洲不是洞穴艺术的发源地，“洞穴艺术可以追溯到欧洲”这 一想法是一种误解。 5 6 7 8 7. What does the underlined word “upended” mean in paragraph 3？ A. Proved. B. Strengthened. C. Overturned. D. Overemphasized. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句可知，现代人被认为在大约6.5万 年前到达了这个地区，但没有人想到这些艺术品可能非常古老，因 为古代绘画似乎不太可能在高温环境中存活下来。最后一句可知， 在七个洞穴中使用这种技术，他们发现了一个至少有39 900年历史 的手模板，使其成为当时已知最古老的手模板。由此可知，通过使 用这种技术，人们发现了存活下来的古老的艺术品，改变了最初的 想法；结合画线词所在句可知，使用这项技术改变、颠覆了之前的 想法，故“upended”意为“颠覆”。 5 6 7 8 8. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about？ A. The amazing discoveries. B. The researchers’ expectations. C. The benefits of the technique. D. The description of the cave art. 答案：A 段落大意题。最后一段主要在谈论在印尼发现的这些令人惊叹的艺 术品。 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 体裁： 说明文 主题语境：人与社会——艺术——艺术和手工艺 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述艺术和手工 艺的好处。 (2023·陕西西安高校联考一模)Do you harbour hidden creativity？ You may have an inner Vincent Willem van Gogh. 　1　.As we age，it’s easy to lose our childlike wonder with the world，but by functioning our creative muscles，we can tap back into the feeling. 1 2 3 4 5 A. They’re social activities B. They are great presents C. Humans are naturally artistic D. Arts and crafts provide a lot of benefits E. If so， arts and crafts may be just the ticket F. Many people quickly become addicted to them after their first try G. Arts and crafts are an umbrella term covering a width of creative pursuits 1 2 3 4 5 答案：E 上文提到你的内心可能有一个梵高，即你可能很有艺术天赋，下文 提到了一些艺术和手工艺的乐趣，E项符合语境，E项中的so指代上 一句内容。 1 2 3 4 5 Although arts and crafts are normally considered children’s activities，they’re actually age-independent and provide an important outlet for adults to release their creative expression.Indeed，such pursuits are arguably even more important in later life，helping to relieve stress and anxiety. 　2　. 1 2 3 4 5 A. They’re social activities B. They are great presents C. Humans are naturally artistic D. Arts and crafts provide a lot of benefits E. If so， arts and crafts may be just the ticket F. Many people quickly become addicted to them after their first try G. Arts and crafts are an umbrella term covering a width of creative pursuits 1 2 3 4 5 答案：D 上文提到追求艺术和手工艺有好处，下文具体讲述了其好处，D项 符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 They’re fun！ More than anything，arts and crafts are enjoyable activities. 　3　.Often they try a simple project at home.Before they know it，they are searching the Internet for ideas and joining social clubs to share their ideas. 1 2 3 4 5 A. They’re social activities B. They are great presents C. Humans are naturally artistic D. Arts and crafts provide a lot of benefits E. If so， arts and crafts may be just the ticket F. Many people quickly become addicted to them after their first try G. Arts and crafts are an umbrella term covering a width of creative pursuits 1 2 3 4 5 答案：F 根据下文可知，在尝试过艺术和手工艺后会爱上它，F项符合语 境。 1 2 3 4 5 They can improve creativity！ 　4　.Give a child pens and paper and our natural drive to create is clear. Although the urge may diminish(减弱)，especially as we invest in careers and families，adults are no different. Indeed，research shows that creativity and expression are vital marks of emotional well-being. 1 2 3 4 5 A. They’re social activities B. They are great presents C. Humans are naturally artistic D. Arts and crafts provide a lot of benefits E. If so， arts and crafts may be just the ticket F. Many people quickly become addicted to them after their first try G. Arts and crafts are an umbrella term covering a width of creative pursuits 1 2 3 4 5 答案：C 根据下文可知，创作能力是天生的，C项“人类天生具有艺术天 赋”符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5  　5　.Practising this hobby allows us to create unique and inspiring presents for our loved ones.Whether you produce artistic or practical pieces，it’s never been easier to create gifts for friends and family members.This degree of investment and personalisation in a bespoke present simply can’t be bought. 1 2 3 4 5 A. They’re social activities B. They are great presents C. Humans are naturally artistic D. Arts and crafts provide a lot of benefits E. If so， arts and crafts may be just the ticket F. Many people quickly become addicted to them after their first try G. Arts and crafts are an umbrella term covering a width of creative pursuits 1 2 3 4 5 答案：B 根据下文可知，练习艺术和手工艺可以创造独特的礼物，B项“它 们是很棒的礼物”符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅲ.完形填空 (2023·江苏南京六校调研)When she was 86，Mom moved to our city.My husband，Kevin，and I found a lovely apartment for her.I was happy to help take care of her  　1　 she arrived. The day after she moved in，she called me to  　2　 about the food at the facility. “The pizza was like rubber. I couldn’t  　3 　4　　 it.” “Mom，you’re complaining to me. Wouldn’t it make more sense to tell someone who can  　4　 the problem？” We hung up. This was only her second day here！And week after week，Mom found more to complain about. When with my friend Beth，I spent 20 minutes sharing how Mom’s attitude  　5　 me.“She seems  　6　.After everything Kevin and I do for her，all we hear is what she doesn’t like.” As the words spilled from my lips，I realized that I’d developed the same  　7　 of complaining that annoyed me so much in Mom. I decided to keep a better watch on my  　8　 .Things went fine for a few weeks.But soon I felt powerless to  　9　 by myself and couldn’t help complaining to Beth about Mom’s  　10　 again. A few days later，I received a journal from my friend Torry.On the first page he had written，“Jeanette，I use such a journal every day to  　11　 things I’m thankful for.”I wrote three things I was grateful for. 　12　 filled my heart.Maybe this was it.It was a joyous  　13　 that helped me overcome the complaining—gratitude. Over the next few months，as I continued，I noticed little things I’d  　14　.Life was handing out gifts continuously，including Mom， complaints and all.I couldn’t change her；I could only  　15　 her. 　　【语篇解读】　作者因为照顾经常喜欢抱怨的母亲而养成了抱 怨的坏习惯，但她最终通过感恩克服了抱怨的习惯。 1. A. until B. after C. unless D. if 答案：A 根据上文讲述的作者和丈夫为作者母亲找公寓和下文叙述的作者母 亲总是向作者抱怨可知，此处是指作者很乐于照顾她，直到她搬 来。until“直到……为止”符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2. A. ask B. argue C. care D. complain 答案：D 根据空后对话中的“The pizza was like rubber”和“you’re complaining to me”可知，此处表示作者母亲打电话向作者抱怨。 3. A. order B. eat C. prepare D. smell 答案：B 根据常识可知，因为食物很糟糕，所以母亲应是吃不下。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4. A. fix B. analyze C. raise D. discuss 答案：A 作者认为母亲向自己抱怨是没有用的，应该找真正能解决问题的人 去说。fix“修理；校准，校正”，fix the problem意思是“解决这 个问题”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5. A. tired B. confused C. annoyed D. scared 答案：C 上段结尾说作者母亲仅来了两天就抱怨，而随着一周周过去，母亲 抱怨得越来越多，因此作者在跟友人交流时，应该是认为母亲的态 度让自己很恼怒。第7空后的annoyed也是提示。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6. A. independent B. inactive C. uncaring D. ungrateful 答案：D 由第一段可知，作者和丈夫为母亲找了公寓，但她只是不停地抱怨 自己不喜欢的东西，因此该处表示母亲看起来是“不领情的”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7. A. custom B. habit C. routine D. idea 答案：B 由语境可知，母亲经常抱怨，说明抱怨已经成为一种习惯，该空说 作者发现自己也在抱怨，因此作者也养成了这种习惯。 8. A. teeth B. tongue C. head D. eyes 答案：B 根据语境可知，此处表示作者决定说话更注意些。B项“说话方 式”符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9. A. question B. communicate C. change D. reflect 答案：C 上文说作者决定更注意(自己的)说话方式，下文又说作者依然在向 朋友抱怨，说明作者无力改变这个习惯。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10. A. calls B. visits C. pizza D. apartment 答案：A 由第二段可知，母亲对作者的抱怨是通过打电话进行的，因此此处 作者向朋友抱怨的应该是母亲的电话。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11. A. prove B. write C. spread D. share 答案：B 根据上文提到的journal“日志”和下一句中的wrote three things可 知，此处是指写下感激的事物。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12. A. Frustration B. Confidence C. Patience D. Contentment 答案：D 因为写的是三件自己感激的事，所以该处表示情感上的满足。 contentment“满意，满足”符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13. A. journal B. discussion C. replacement D. invention 答案：C 本句表达作者通过感恩来克服抱怨的习惯，故C项“替代品”符合 语境。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14. A. recorded B. forgotten C. ignored D. abandoned 答案：C 根据空前的little things可知，该处表示之前被作者忽略的小事。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15. A. guide B. teach C. praise D. love 答案：D 上文说作者开始用感恩来代替抱怨，空前说作者无法改变母亲，这 说明作者只能接受她、爱她，故选D。其他选项不能突出“感恩” 的意味。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 体裁： 说明文 主题语境：人与自然——保护环境——保护生物多样性 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。5月22日是国际保护生物 多样性节日。文章介绍了保护生物多样性的重要性、中国多样性的 生物状况以及全球的严峻形势和我们应该采取的行动。 (2023·广东省河源市高三开学联考)May 22 marks the annual International Day for Biological Diversity，1. 　　　　 theme for this year is “From Agreement to Action：Build Back Biodiversity”. Nearly half of the global GDP output is related 2. 　　　　 biological diversity. Nearly 40 percent of the global population makes their living on marine or coastal biodiversity. 1. 考查定语从句。句中先行词为the annual International Day for Biological Diversity，在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词theme，表示 所属关系，用关系代词whose引导。 答案：whose 2. 考查介词。be related to为固定搭配，意为“和……有关”。 答案：to China is one of the world’s most biologically 3. 　　　　 (diversity) countries. China is home to the world’s third largest number of higher plant species with 35，000，4. 　　　　 (account) for the world’s 10 percent of the category. The country also owns 686 species of mammals and 5. 　　　　 largest number of unique mammal species. China has 24.02 percent of 6. 　　　　 (it) territory covered by forest and 7. 　　　　 (top) the fifth globally in terms of forest resource coverage. 3. 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词修饰名词 countries。 答案：diverse 4. 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。 逻辑主语China与account之间为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。 答案：accounting 5. 考查冠词。形容词最高级前面用定冠词the修饰。 答案：the 6. 考查代词。用形容词性物主代词修饰名词territory。 答案：its 7. 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，and连接并列 的谓语动词。主语China是单数意义，主语和谓语之间是主动关 系，该句叙述的是一般事实，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 答案：tops From the perspective of the world，however，the numbers of wild animals in Africa and the Asia-Pacific region have dropped 66 percent and 55 percent 8. 　　　　 (respective) due to habitat degradation (恶 化)，development and pollution，climate change and diseases.The threat that worldwide biological diversity is under is worsening as 41 percent of the world’s amphibians，26 percent of the mammals and 14 percent of birds are facing extinction. 8. 考查词性转换。修饰动词，用副词形式。respectively分别地；各 自地。 答案：respectively What are we supposed to do？ Don’t eat，purchase wild animals.Reduce using plastic 9. 　　　　 (item).Save water and power.Reduce 10. 　　　　 (consume) of domestic paper.Plant trees and forests. 9. 考查名词复数。根据语境可知，此处是复数意义，表示“各类塑 料制品”。 答案：items 10. 考查词性转换。动词reduce后加名词作宾语，名词consumption 为不可数名词。 答案：consumption 阅读语篇专练提升 30分钟 (2023·湖北黄冈期中) A Rookery Bay Festival of Birds January 1-31 Join Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve and partners in January for the 2023 Festival of Birds. All month long， festival participants can enjoy expert speaker presentations and virtual live adventures online. This 19th annual event is hybrid， so you can join Rookery Bay Research Reserve from wherever you are！ A festival pass is required and it includes free admission to the Environmental Learning Center all month long！ Virtual lectures •Brown Pelican Biology by Rochelle Streker (1/6， 2：00-2：45 p.m.) •Audubon Florida’s Rooftop Nesting Program by Rebekah Snyder(1/7，2：00-2：45 p.m.) •Birds Need Natural Climate Solutions by Renee Wilson (1/13， 2：00-2：45 p.m.) •The Race to Save Seabirds Around the Globe by Adam DiNuovo(1/19， 2：00-2：45 p.m.) •Birding Coast to Coast： The Life of a Big Year Birder by David McQuade (1/27， 5：30-7：00 p.m.) Live from the Field(1/11， 1/19 and 1/26， 11：00-11：45 a.m.). Join Rookery Bay Research Reserve staff behind the scenes to observe how species and habitats in the Reserve are monitored and conserved for future generations. Included with your Festival of Birds pass—$50 • Children’s Book Author Signing •Bird Banding Demonstration •Eco-Tours： boat tours at Rookery Bay Research Reserve •Access to 24 trips to Area Hotspots ( additional fees may apply)： Big Cypress Nature Preserve， Bunche Beach Preserve， Clam Pass Park， Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary， Donna Fiala Eagle Lakes Community Park， harns Marsh， Rookery Bay Research Reserve， and Tigertail Beach. Notice：If you purchase your festival pass and use your unique festival code to register， you will receive a 10％ discount. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个有关 鸟类保护的节日及其相关活动。 1. What is special about the Festival of Birds？ A. It offers free children’s books to participants. B. It lasts for almost three months each year. C. It consists of both lectures and field trips. D. It has been celebrated for 19 years so far. 答案：C 1 2 3 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“festival participants can enjoy expert speaker presentations and virtual live adventures online”和下文中的 Virtual lectures以及24 trips to Area Hotspots可知，这个节日既有讲座 也有野外考察。 1 2 3 2. Who will share the experiences of observing birds？ A. David McQuade. B. Rochelle Streker. C. Rebekah Snyder. D. Adam DiNuovo. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据Virtual lectures部分中的Birding Coast to Coast： The Life of a Big Year Birder by David McQuade可知，David McQuade将会分享他观鸟的经历。 1 2 3 3. How much should you pay if you register with your festival code？ A. $40. B. $45. C. $50. D. $55. 答案：B 1 2 3 细节理解题。根据文中的Included with your Festival of Birds pass —$50和最后一段中的“If you purchase your festival pass and use your unique festival code to register， you will receive a 10％ discount.”可知，如果使用独特的节日代码进行注册购票，会打九折，所以只需支付45美元。 1 2 3 B When I moved to northern New Jersey in 2012 and took a software test engineering job in midtown Manhattan，I suddenly found myself with an hour-long bus commute.I’d solved newspaper crossword puzzles for many years， but I had little patience and wasn’t very good.So when I started my crosswording again during those long trips， I was determined to become a better solver. However， after noticing that all of The New York Times puzzles had bylines (署名行)， I figured，“Why couldn’t one of them be mine？” I bought crossword construction software and a dictionary of valid crossword puzzle entries. I started with a blank 15×15 grid (网格). After reading， rereading， and more rereading of my puzzle， I decided that it was as good as it was ever going to be.So I sent it off to The Times and anxiously waited for their response.Several weeks later， I received an email from a staffer writing on behalf of editor Will Shortz. His answer was basic， “Thanks， but no thanks.” What’s worse， I received nearly the same rejection from Shortz and his colleagues for the next several puzzles I submitted. Then I found my way to the Crossword Puzzle Collaboration Directory group on the Internet. In the group I connected with Mark， a more experienced constructor who became my teacher. After making some edits for my 21×21 grid at Mark’s suggestion， I sent the puzzle off to The New York Times. A few months later， I got something new in my inbox： an actual acceptance message from The New York Times！ They changed some of the clues to be more straight forward. Anyway， my hard work finally paid off. Naturally， I told all my friends and family to get a copy of the paper on the publication date， March 21， 2021. Now I’ve made a lot in my spare time.Even if constructing a puzzle feels like an impossible task from time to time， it’s probably not. Very few things in life are truly impossible. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作为一名字谜爱好者，作 者通过不断努力终于将自己设计的字谜发表在了《纽约时报》上。 4. What did the author intend to do after seeing the bylines？ A. Apply to be a crossword puzzle editor. B. Create crossword puzzles by himself. C. Solve some challenging word games. D. Develop crossword construction software. 答案：B 4 5 6 7 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“after noticing that all of The New York Times puzzles had bylines， I figured， ‘Why couldn’t one of them be mine？’”可知，作者看到《纽约时报》的字谜都有署名 行，然后就打算亲自设计字谜。 4 5 6 7 5. How did the author probably feel about the responses from The Times？ A. Grateful. B. Hopeful. C. Uninterested. D. Disappointed. 答案：D 4 5 6 7 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“After reading， rereading， and more rereading of my puzzle， I decided that it was as good as it was ever going to be”和“His answer was basic， ‘Thanks， but no thanks.’ What’s worse， I received nearly the same rejection from Shortz and his colleagues for the next several puzzles I submitted.”可 知，作者对自己设计的字谜很有信心，但是得到的回复都是拒绝。 由此可推断，这种落差会让他感到失望。 4 5 6 7 6. What happened to the author’s work with Mark’s help？ A. It achieved great popularity. B. It was changed into a smaller grid. C. It was published after being made simpler. D. It became something impossible to be outdone. 答案：C 4 5 6 7 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“an actual acceptance message from The New York Times！ They changed some of the clues to be more straight forward. Anyway， my hard work finally paid off. Naturally， I told all my friends and family to get a copy of the paper on the publication date， March 21， 2021”可知，在Mark的帮助下，作者 的付出终于有了回报。《纽约时报》对其字谜稍作修改后，使线索 更明了，然后刊登在2021年3月21日出版的那期报纸上。 4 5 6 7 7. What can we infer about the author from the text？ A. He wrote to Shortz frequently for advice. B. He is a committed amateur puzzle builder. C. He works full-time at The New York Times. D. He started solving newspaper puzzles in 2012. 答案：B 4 5 6 7 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Now I’ve made a lot in my spare time.”可知，作者利用业余时间已经设计了很多字谜，由此可见他 对字谜的热爱是坚定不移的。 4 5 6 7 C Worldwide， there are more than a thousand mistletoe (槲寄生) species. They grow on every continent except Antarctica. They are parasites (寄生物) and live on the branches of their plant“hosts”， absorbing water and nutrients to survive.They accomplish this thievery via a specialized structure that infects their hosts. In fact， they infect plants of all kinds， including themselves—a number of species have been documented parasitizing other mistletoe species. Yet despite their parasitism， mistletoe species may well be the Robin Hoods of plants. (Robin Hood is a character in old English stories who lives in a forest with a group of friends and steals money from rich people in order to give it to poor people.) They provide food， shelter and hunting grounds for other animals. Fallen mistletoe leaves release nutrients into the forest floor that would otherwise remain locked within trees， and this generosity benefits the food chain. “Yes， ecologically， they are cheats，” says David Watson， a community ecologist at Charles Sturt University at Albury-wodonga， Australia.But they share their wealth. “ They steal these nutrients， and then they drop them，” Watson says. Mistletoe species depend critically on animals to get around.Most mistletoe fruits are berries containing a single seed that’s surrounded by a sticky layer. Roughly 90 bird species are known to consume mistletoe species’ seeds，so the birds can pass them to other trees on their bodies， or when they are eaten， seeds are passed through their waste.(There are exceptions： Some mistletoe species make explosive fruits that send their seeds toward nearby trees， reaching distances of 10 meters or more.) Scientists have known that mistletoe species all have ancestors that were parasites not on branches，but on roots.“They evolved over and over and over， and this understory， root-parasitic，shrubby thing switched to being an aerial (meaning they infect above-ground plant parts， rather than roots)，parasitic shrubby thing，” Watson says. Moving up the tree helped to solve a problem that all plants are faced with： competing for sunlight. Despite their parasitic nature， most mistletoe species still use energy from light to make their food. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。槲寄生虽然靠寄生生存， 却乐善好施，堪称植物界的盗侠罗宾汉。 8. What can we learn about mistletoe species according to paragraph 1？ A. They are highly independent. B. They are harmful to their hosts. C. They can be found on every continent. D. They prefer to live on the roots of plants. 答案：B 8 9 10 11 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They are parasites and live on the branches of their plant ‘hosts’， absorbing water and nutrients to survive.They accomplish this thievery via a specialized structure that infects their hosts.”可知，槲寄生依靠植物宿主吸收水分和养分来 生存。它们通过一种专门的结构来完成这种偷窃行为，而且会感染 它们的宿主。由此可知，槲寄生对它们的宿主有害。 8 9 10 11 9. In what way are mistletoe species similar to Robin Hood？ A. They help poorly grown trees absorb more nutrients. B. They have remarkable abilities to survive in the forest. C. They live in the forest with other plant species in groups. D. They steal and give food to many other living things. 答案：D 8 9 10 11 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“mistletoe species may well be the Robin Hoods of plants. (Robin Hood is a character in old English stories who lives in a forest with a group of friends and steals money from rich people in order to give it to poor people.) They provide food， shelter and hunting grounds for other animals”可知，在英国的古老故事 中，罗宾汉和一群朋友从富人那里偷钱，然后把钱给了穷人。槲寄 生同样通过寄生宿主为其他动物提供食物、住所和捕猎场所，这一 点与罗宾汉相似。 8 9 10 11 10. How do most mistletoe species spread their seeds？ A. With the help of birds. B. By making explosive fruits. C. With the help of nearby trees. D. By taking advantage of hosts’ seeds. 答案：A 8 9 10 11 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Most mistletoe fruits are berries containing a single seed that’s surrounded by a sticky layer. Roughly 90 bird species are known to consume mistletoe species’ seeds， so the birds can pass them to other trees on their bodies， or when they are eaten， seeds are passed through their waste.”可知，大多数槲寄生果 实都是浆果，只有一颗种子，周围有一层黏性物质，它们通过鸟的 身体传到其他树木上去，或者当它们被鸟吃掉后，它们的种子会通 过鸟的排泄物传送出去。 8 9 10 11 11. What does Watson tell us about the evolutionary development of mistletoe species？ A. They eventually evolved into shrubby plants. B. Their habitats changed from roots to branches. C. They tried to give up using energy from sunlight. D. Their parasitic nature was formed in a gradual way. 答案：B 8 9 10 11 细节理解题。 根据最后一段中的“They evolved over and over and over， and this understory， root-parasitic， shrubby thing switched to being an aerial (meaning they infect above-ground plant parts， rather than roots)， parasitic shrubby thing”可知，Watson解释了槲寄生的 进化过程，它们从在树根生活进化到在树枝生活。 8 9 10 11 D Three out of five women say that their caring responsibilities are preventing them from applying for jobs or promotion， while only one in five men say the same， according to new research. The poll of 5，444 people by Ipsos Mori and the charity Business in the Community (BITC) found that nearly half of the workforce are combining paid work and care.Almost three in 10 adults have left or considered leaving a job because of difficulties in balancing work and care.The latter was particularly true of women. The majority of those with care responsibilities in the UK are parents looking after children under 18，but 36％ of carers are responsible for an adult of working age or older. Those from a black， Asian， mixed race or other ethnically diverse background were significantly more likely to say they have caring responsibilities than those from a white background.As many as 50％ of carers from an ethnic minority say their caring responsibilities are holding them back， compared to 39％ of white carers. BITC Gender Equality campaign director Charlotte Woodworth said the results showed the disconnect between what workers need from employers and what they experience.“There’s a lot of competing ideas about how we should try to improve the lot of women， how we should try and create a more levelled-up society. This report tells us very clearly how significantly workplace policies and workplace cultures are undermining those efforts，” she said. The research shows nearly one in 10 carers are “sandwich carers”， meaning they have caring responsibilities for both a child and an adult. The charity wants the government and employers to offer new fathers more paid time off to look after their children. The research found that even among women who identify as joint carers，52％ say they do “more than my fair share”，in comparison to 10％ of men. One in three men admit they do “less than my fair share”， in comparison to 4％ of women. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇科研说明文，介绍了育儿责任对于 夫妻双方事业的影响。 12. How does the author show the gender difference of caring responsibilities？ A. By specific data. B. By detailed comparison. C. By reliable facts. D. By several quotations. 答案：A 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据文章第一段和第二段的内容可知，作者用了大量 的数据来阐述调查结果中育儿责任对于人们事业发展的影响，又用 数据详细说了对于男女事业的影响程度不同。 12 13 14 15 13. Which word can replace the underlined word “undermining” in paragraph 4？ A. Boosting. B. Affecting. C. Inspiring. D. Impairing. 答案：D 12 13 14 15 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“There’s a lot of competing ideas about how we should try to improve the lot of women， how we should try and create a more levelled-up society. This report tells us very clearly how significantly workplace policies and workplace cultures are undermining those efforts”再结合上文可知，虽然人们一直在努力 提高女性地位和改善女性生活环境，但是调查结果表明我们的职场 规定和职场文化正在削弱这些努力的影响。 12 13 14 15 14. According to the charity， what can the government and employers do to help mothers？ A. To raise salary for them. B. To give paid holidays to fathers. C. To offer fathers pay rise. D. To provide them with more time off. 答案：B 12 13 14 15 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“The charity wants the government and employers to offer new fathers more paid time off to look after their children.”可知，该组织认为政府和企业都应该给父 亲们提供更多的带薪休假。 12 13 14 15 15. What does the text mainly about？ A. More paid time off should be given to men to care. B. Caring responsibilities is dragging men’s work. C. Women suffer more from care responsibilities. D. Balancing work with caring responsibilities is a dilemma. 答案：C 12 13 14 15 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的内容，再综合考虑整篇文章可知， 这篇文章主要是介绍了一个调查研究的结果，就是女性普遍比男性 承担了更多的育儿责任。 12 13 14 15 $$