专题2 阅读理解之创新压轴题（社会心理类）-2025年江苏高考英语试题分类汇编

2025年江苏高考英语试题分类汇编 专题2 阅读理解之创新压轴题（社会心理类） 解题指导（超级实用干货，值得拥有） 2024年高考英语试题中的阅读C、D篇难度有所增加，其中社会心理类阅读是增加阅读难度的语篇之一。 社会心理类阅读难度分析：1.学生心理类文章知识储备不足 2.专业词汇多导致比较难懂 3.较多的长难句 4.比较复杂的逻辑关系 社会心理类阅读方法及解题技巧：英语说明文是客观地解释一个事实或道理，对客观事物的性质、特点、功用等做科学解说的。不像记叙文重在情节的叙述和描写,也不像议论文,重在论述主张和列出论点依据，更不像科幻作品富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是旨在使人们增长知识和技能。说明文阅读理解的特征涉及以下几个方面，即Who →What → When → Where → How → Why。 1) Who文章的主体是谁? 2) What主体做了什么? 3) When和Where：何时何地发生? 4) How如何表现出来? 5) Why为什么? 英语说明文在说明方法上，旨在阐明事物的概念特征，常用的说明方法有举例、比较、分类、分析因果、列数字、诠释、打比方、下定义、列图表、引用、假设、对比说明相异、类比说明相似等。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，更容易体现高考选拔人才的要求。说明文抽象度高，解题难度增大了。人的社会心理现象等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子为主。因此考生要准确握说明文的命题规律和特点，以正确的做题方法阅读原文，重点关注文章长难句的句式分析和认知理解，以便做出准确的语意理解。 高分应对策略：一确定设问中的目标词；二定位到文章中的提示词；三匹配逻辑关联信息；四善用排除法。 江苏高考模拟实操演练（江苏模拟试题难度够足）： 1.（2025·江苏省盐城市五校联考高三上学期10月月考） Through life’s journey, we inevitably encounter unpleasant emotions — anxiety, envy, fear, and frustration — that can cast a dark shadow over our mind. Many of us often shy away from these feelings, from adopting a sense of denial to turning to food or work as a distraction. We understand that constant joy is an unattainable goal. Yet, we often struggle with emotions that are less than positive. This disgust to negativity is rooted in our natural tendency to avoid or suppress (抑制) such feelings. These negative emotional states can create extra stress in your body and your mind, which is uncomfortable and can also lead to health issues if the stress becomes chronic or overwhelming.  This in-built programming, inherited from our ancestors, directs us to avoid discomfort at all costs. However, suppressing our emotions often leads to unforeseen consequences. As Dr. Elena Touroni, a consultant psychologist of The Chelsea Psychology Clinic, puts it, “When we bury our emotions, they inevitably end up reappearing elsewhere further down the line, causing numerous issues and symptoms, including headaches and anxiety.” Burying our unfavorable emotions not only influences our well- being but also keeps us from experiencing the benefits that embracing these emotions can bring. Indeed, recognizing and confronting uncomfortable feelings, rather than dismissing or suppressing them, is a sign of emotional health. Negative emotions are there to alert us that something needs to change and to motivate us to make that change. For example, anger and anxiety show that something needs to change and that perhaps our well- being has been threatened; fear is an appeal to increase your level of safety. Emotions, both positive and negative, play a vital role in our human experience. As Elena says, “Without negative emotions, we would struggle to know our boundaries, how to keep ourselves safe and what hurts us or makes us happy. They can guide us toward making decisions that serve us in the long term.” 32．Why do people often try to avoid negative emotions? A．Humans are biologically programmed. B．People believe constant joy is achievable. C．Negative emotions are impossible to control. D．The benefits of negative emotions are neglected. 33．According to Dr. Elena Touroni, what might happen when we bury our emotions? A．They magically disappear over time. B．They eventually cause physical problems. C．They make us stronger and more adaptable. D．They transform into positive emotions. 34．Why are negative emotions important in our human experience? A．They help us avoid difficulties. B．They drive us to take action. C．They suppress the need to change. D．They indicate excellent mental health. 35．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Embracing unpleasant feelings B．Holding back mental challenges C．The healing power of emotions D．Solutions to emotional barriers 2.（2025·江苏省如皋中学高三考试）C One by one, prejudices are disappearing in the West. People may hold private suspicions that other people’s race or sex makes them inferior — but to say so openly is totally taboo (禁忌). One old prejudice remains undisturbed, though. Just ask a childless person. They are not charged to special taxes, as they were in Soviet Russia; nor are they driven from their homes, as they still are in some poor countries. The childless nonetheless come in for a lot of criticism. Some point out that non-parents are failing to produce the future workers who will pay for their pensions. Childless politicians are charged with not having a proper stake in society. “He talks to us about the future, but he doesn’t have children!” complained Jean-Marie Le Pen, co-founder of the National Front party, of Emmanuel Macron, who went on to win the French presidency. Similar attacks on Theresa May and Angela Merkel also failed but researchers find that many voters quietly agree. If non-breeders are selfish, they have a strange way of showing it. They are more likely to set up charitable foundations than people with children, and much more likely to donate money to good causes. According to one American estimate, the mere fact of not having children raises the amount a person leaves to charity by a little over $10,000. The childless are thus a small but useful counterweight to the world’s parents, who stop social stability by passing on their social and economic advantages to their children. The charge that childless people fail to pull their weight in population is correct, but is less serious than it appears. Those who do not have children do put pressure on public pension systems. Governments have to do unpopular things like making pensions less generous, as Japan has done, or accepting more immigrants, as some Western countries have done. But to sustain public pensions in the long term, countries do not actually need more parents. What they need instead is more babies. It is possible to combine a high rate of childlessness with a high birth rate, provided people who become parents have more than one or two children. That was the pattern in many Western countries a century ago. Ireland, yet another country with a childless leader, still manages it today. The childless also do everyone else a favor by creating wonderful works of art. British novelists have been especially likely to have no offspring: think of Hilary Mantel, P.G Wodehouse and the Bronte sisters. In September last year Britain put Jane Austen on its ten-pound note. That decision was controversial, though it was hard to see why. Few people have written as shrewdly about money or about families even though Austen did not marry, and had no children. 28．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．The childless often come under sharp criticism. B．Childlessness is to future workers’ disadvantage. C．Many highly successful people have no children D．The childless politicians get attacked in society. 29．The childless are prejudiced because people think the childless ______. A．have a strange way to show selfishness B．set a bad example for young people C．are not as generous as those with children D．are the government’s financial burden 30．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Accepting more immigrants. B．Reducing the pensions for the aged. C．Encouraging parents to have more children. D．Supporting the political leaders with no children. 31．What is the best title for the passage? A．In defense of the childless. B．Prejudice against non-breeders. C．Why don’t they have children? D．Measures to address childlessness. 3.（2025·江苏省宿迁市高三上学期开学考试）C How often is your mind quiet? If you’re a typical human being, the answer is probably very rarely. For most of our days, our attention is focused on external things—the tasks of our jobs, TV programs, or social media interactions. In the moments when our attention isn’t focused externally, it’s usually focused on what is called “thought-chatter”—a stream of mental associations consisting of expectations of the future, memories, daydreams, and so on. But from time to time, we all experience moments when our thought-chatter quiets down, or even disappears altogether. In these moments, we experience a sense of great well-being. We feel a sense of inner harmony. We feel as if we’re free of problems, and feel satisfied with our lives as they are. There are many activities that have the effect of quieting our minds, and so produce a state of well-being. For example, think about what happens when you go walking in the countryside. You might feel stressed when you start out, but slowly, after a couple of miles, your mind begins to settle down. The beauty and stillness of nature attracts your attention and you’re no longer in your thought-chatter. By the end of the walk you feel almost like a different person. You feel more alive, and much happier—largely because your mind is now quiet. This is why people love to look at beautiful works of art. When people see the paintings of Monet or van Gogh, they experience a mind-stopping moment, in which they’re taken out of their thinking minds and experience a sense of great well-being. The strange thing is, though, that most of the time this happens unconsciously (不知不觉地). We usually don’t associate this well-being with a quiet mind. And we usually don’t think of a quiet mind as the aim or result of these activities. Our estimate of how enjoyable an activity is may depend on its mind-stopping capacity. In other words, the very best performances—and the most rewarding activities—are those which are so attractive and intense that they can completely stop our minds. I’m not saying that inner quietness is the only reason why we enjoy these activities. Nevertheless, we should certainly become more aware of the association of a quiet mind with well-being. And at the same time we should be aware that it’s possible for us to consciously and directly create a quiet mind; rather than as a byproduct of certain activities. And in the end we might develop a permanent quiet mind and attain a state of ongoing contentment and harmony. 12．What can be inferred about thought-chatter? A．It requires a lot of practice. B．It might be unpleasant at times. C．It might be a talk with a friend. D．It helps reach a state of silence. 13．What are the examples of activities mentioned in the text mainly about? A．What activities lead to well-being. B．What can be done to reduce stress. C．How we can make our minds quiet. D．How mental quietness leads to well-being. 14．How can we determine how much pleasure an activity can give us? A．By judging how much stress it can increase. B．By judging whether it takes place unconsciously. C．By judging to what extent it can quiet our minds. D．By judging whether it associates with well-being. 15．What does the author intend to highlight in the last paragraph? A．Creating a quiet mind for all time. B．Living a peaceful life permanently. C．Being in harmony with inner quietness. D．Participating in activities for inner quietness. 4.（2025·江苏省宿迁市高三上学期开学考试） People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between supporters of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”. Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts (本能). Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B．E. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, human beings remain unchanged unless stimulated by the environmental factors. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 8．What will the supporters of the “nurture” theory agree with? A．Peter loves talking to strangers because he is friendly. B．Peter loves maths because his father is a maths professor. C．Peter loves detective stories because he enjoys suspense and thrill. D．Peter loves tea because his mother gave it to him since childhood. 9．The underlined word “mechanistic” in paragraph 4 means ________. A．flexible B．rigid C．common D．new 10．Why did the author cite the blacks in the US as an example? A．He wanted to show how the theories have deeply affected the society. B．He tried to prove that both theories need further discussion and research. C．He intended to demonstrate why the blacks need more education and support. D．He attempted to introduce the result of intelligence tests from blacks and whites. 11．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce some theories. B．To stress genetic factors. C．To solve a racial problem. D．To give further suggestions. 5.（江苏省南通市海安市2024-2025学年高三上学期开学）B Students’ social-emotional skills are positively correlated with their reading and math performance, according to a study by Branching Minds, an ed-tech company. It found that 60-70 percent of students who were identified as needing additional social-emotional support were also identified as needing additional academic support. To understand the links between social-emotional learning (SEL) and academic outcomes, the study analyzed student screening assessments for social-emotional skills and reading and math performance of nearly 4,000 K-8 students in the 2021-22 school year. The study’s findings are in line with previous research that shows social-emotional learning has a positive impact on students’ academic achievement, but there’s still a gap in understanding how those pieces of data about academic and social-emotional strengths should be integrated and used together to create intervention plans for students. The study also found that social-emotional skills may act as “a protective factor” for some students performing below academic standards, meaning that students’ social-emotional strengths could be used to boost their academic achievement, said Essie Sutton, the director of learning science at Branching Minds. Therefore, “it would be beneficial for educators to think about more combined support plans for struggling students,” she added. For example, if a student is struggling with reading, but he is very social, “how can we build that into a support plan, and perhaps make these targeted or individualized reading support groups more social and play to that strength that they have?” Perhaps the student could take on the role of teacher and explain something to their peers in order to help them practice reading comprehension, as well as social skills, Sutton said. In the study, it is recommended that results from academic, social-emotional, and behavioral screeners should be used when developing intervention plans for students. “It’s really important to look at students’ strengths and needs comprehensively,” Sutton said. To do that, district and school leaders should ensure that their academic, behavioral, and social-emotional support teams work together and that all stakeholders-students, parents, and teachers-are part of the process of creating intervention plans. 4．How did the researchers carry out the study? A．By interviewing students. B．By carrying out experiments. C．By conducting data analysis. D．By referring to the previous data. 5．Why is the example mentioned in paragraph 5? A．To attach great importance to social skills. B．To narrow the gap of the previous research. C．To explain social skills can protect everyone. D．To advocate the integrated support strategies. 6．What matters when designing intervention strategies according to the passage? A．Cooperation. B．Assessment. C．Flexibility. D．Individuality. 7．What is the passage mainly about? A．The prospect of applying social emotional skills. B．The effects SEL skills have on academic performance. C．The methods to develop students’ SEL skills to the full. D．The useful intervention plans for academic performance. 6.（2025·江苏省部分学校高三上学期期初调研模拟测试） Years ago, I bought a blouse. That same day, I considered putting it on, but for no particular reason I decided not to. That weekend, I again considered wearing the blouse, but the occasion didn’t seem special enough, so again, I passed it up. Fast forward to today, I have never worn that blouse. What happened here? Why do people own so many unused possessions, treating them as though they are too special to use? To find out, I ran an experiment in which participants imagined buying a bottle of wine. We had half of the participants imagine considering opening it one night, but deciding not to. Then when we measured how special the wine seemed and participants’ intentions to open it later, we found that those who had imagined holding off on opening it were in fact less likely to intend to open it later. When asked the reason, most assumed they were waiting for a future occasion to open it — a more special occasion. Why do people fall into this mental trap? Prior research points to two main reasons. First, when options are presented one at a time, rather than all at once, it can be difficult to know when to make a decision. So people often end up “holding out” for an idealized future occasion. Second, regardless of the actual reasons behind their feelings and actions, people often come up with their own explanations after the fact. Putting these together is a recipe for what psychologists term “specialness spirals”. When you give up using something — for whatever reason — if you believe that you are waiting to use it, the possession will start to feel more special. And as you search for the right occasion day after day, it becomes more tempting to hold out for a future occasion. The less you use it, though, the more special it feels, and the cycle continues. Ultimately, the likelihood of using the possession becomes rarer and rarer. The more this happens, the more stuff you have lying around. How can you fight specialness spirals? Try committing in advance to using an item on a specific occasion. When buying a dress, tell yourself you’ll wear it this weekend. Or when purchasing a candle, plan to light it that day. This strategy encourages you to actually enjoy your possessions. 8．What were the participants asked to imagine doing in the experiment? A．Putting off drinking the wine. B．Evaluating the quality of the wine. C．Listing reasons for drinking the wine. D．Discussing how they would deal with the wine. 9．What does the underlined word “tempting” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Particular. B．Ordinary. C．Inviting. D．Unappealing. 10．What can we learn about specialness spirals? A．They can mislead people into shopping traps. B．They can lead to a collection of unused stuff. C．They result from an optimistic attitude to the future. D．They help explain the psychology of delayed rewards. 11．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain a psychological phenomenon. B．To criticize a wrong consumption concept. C．To remind people to enjoy their possessions. D．To encourage people to prepare for a rainy day. 7.（2025·江苏省部分学校高三上学期期初调研模拟测试） The expression “Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration (汗水)” is often attributed to Thomas Edison. But as we have progressed into the 21st century, I think we should update the saying: “Success is 1% inspiration and 99% preparation.” Indeed, ideas are shooting around faster than ever, but most are worthless because no one does the hard work to implement them. And as we’re in a service economy now, implementation requires hours and hours not of sweat but of preparation. You must do it all: reading, researching, falling into one rabbit hole after another on the Internet to find the right series of test cases and quotes to make your point, and presenting your idea briefly and clearly. Preparation is everything! Watch the amazing 2021 video of the Perseverance rover landing on the surface of Mars. The onboard camera shows the terrain (地形). After the landing, I’m pretty sure one of the scientists exclaims, “Hey, that’s my rock.” In mission preparation, the entire landing area was digitized. The planners knew the placement of every rock and dip in terrain. Churchill famously memorized his speeches and practiced giving them over and over in his bathtub. Some of this was to overcome his stutter (口吃), but it was mainly to get the tone just right. Nothing was off-the-cuff (即兴的). His speeches didn’t sound like they were read from a piece of paper; they felt stream of consciousness. In his finest hours he showed the value of preparation. But, you may ask, why put in any extra effort? ChatGPT can pass Advanced Placement tests, entry exams for law and medical school, and even the bar exam. That probably says more about how poor those tests are than about AI’s ability. But even though AI can answer almost any question you throw at it, it is worthless in an elevator when your boss asks you what you think about new product ideas or sales prospects in Omaha. The only answer comes from that 99% preparation. Study everything, not only the task you’ve been assigned. Dig deep. Come up with ideas and potential solutions. Work on an elevator speech for what excites you. Don’t wing it. Prepare. And trust me, the feeling you get from preparation-induced success is better than anything you can buy at a drugstore. Preparation will make you super great. 12．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．The service economy makes ideas worthless. B．Implementation does not take much time these days. C．Ideas are worthless without preparation and hard work. D．Implementation requires more inspiration than preparation. 13．How does the author try to persuade readers to accept his argument? A．By listing examples. B．By sharing his experience. C．By providing research results. D．By referring to experts’ words. 14．What point is the author trying to make by mentioning ChatGPT? A．ChatGPT is capable of passing various tests. B．Preparation can help you perform better than AI. C．Elevator conversations require high social skills. D．Standard tests do not fully represent one’s abilities. 15．What does the text mainly talk about? A．How we can achieve success with little sweat. B．How we should make preparation for our future. C．Why perspiration still maters in the 21st century. D．Why preparation can pave the way to your success. 8.（2025·江苏省南通市名校联盟高三上学期八月模拟演练性月考） Is boredom a thing of the past, like black-and-white television? And, if so, is that a good thing? Julie Robinson, a former teacher who now represents the Independent Association of Prep Schools, thinks that boredom is regarded as an enemy of today’s children, and they are losing the ability to become thoughtful and reflective (沉思的). “We should not fear boredom.” said Julie Robinson. “Boredom is valuable to children. Quiet, reflective time is just as important as purposeful activity,” she added. Her opinion is that constant (连续不断的) activity for a child, often the result of the dreams of parents, will lead to concerned and worrying adult. The traditional ideas that children should be constantly active could prevent the development of their imagination. So anything that improves a greater thoughtfulness is to be warmly welcomed. Parents now feel a sense of failure when they hear their children complain about being bored. They seek an electronic devices (设备) to play games at once. And we didn’t feel bored during long car journeys anymore by the impatient “Are we there yet?” because all kinds of electronic devices have been taken along to avoid even a minute of boredom. So what chance do children have to allow their thoughts to wander? But it’s not just children who need lessons in reflection. Adults need that, too. On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn’t see a single person who wasn’t using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the county side. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn’t exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability — among adults as well as children — to live in the present. What Julie Robinson regards is a cross-generational phenomenon: the fear of “inactivity”. And she is right. 32．Julie Robinson thinks boredom is useful because it makes children_________. A．find effective solutions to social problems B．improve the ability to learn knowledge C．have time to think and have their imagination developed D．communicate more with their parents and friends 33．Which of the following is seen as “inactivity” according to the last paragraph? A．Sending emails on a train. B．Playing games with friends. C．Planning constant activity for children. D．Looking out of the window at the beautiful views. 34．The author mentioned the train journey to show that_________. A．the trip on a quiet train was very boring B．the view of the countryside was beautiful C．people had too much work to do D．electronic devices influence people’s life greatly 35．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Both adults and children like to stay alone and recall their past days. B．People fail to leave their children enough time to think and imagine. C．Electronic devices are always good for both children and adults. D．Parents should tell their children how to use a mobile phone. 9.（2025·江苏省南通市名校联盟高三上学期八月模拟演练性月考） We go through life assuming we’re in charge of our own minds — until temptation (诱惑) strikes. Few things better illustrate how little control we really have. You can know exactly what you should do (decline the second slice of cake or the third cocktail), but that hardly seems to matter when the urge arises. More self-discipline is rarely the answer, though. Instead, if you can understand what’s going on inside your head when temptation comes, you’ll be far better placed to make a healthier choice. Sometimes, you need to push yourself, the idea behind which, in psychology, is to make the better choice the easier choice. (School pupils eat more healthily, it’s been shown, when the salads are within easier reach than the chips.) So, instead of relying on willpower, stop keeping ice creams in your freezer! Use StayFocused or similar apps to block distracting websites. Change your environment, and temptation will be a non-issue. For every person, behind every bad habit, there's a reasonable desire: some people eat or drink too much because they're lonely, or smoke to get a break from a busy schedule. Once you’ve uncovered this underlying need, find a different way to meet it: call a friend; take a coffee break instead of a cigarette break. There’s nothing wrong with the need — only with the way you’re currently meeting it. It’s a strange truth that we’ll break all sorts of promises to ourselves — yet most of us would never fail to show up at a prearranged meeting with a friend. Involve others in your temptation-resistance efforts, whether it's asking someone to check in weekly to see if you’re sticking to your plan, or never going shopping alone if you’re subject to impulse purchases. Best of all, launch a joint plan, in which two of you decide to give up a bad habit. That turns a challenge into a fun game. 24．What does “that” mean in paragraph 1? A．Temptation. B．Self-awareness. C．Choice. D．Self-motivation. 25．Which should be a good choice if you feel worn out from a packed timetable? A．Exercise strong willpower over it. B．Keep ice creams within easy reach. C．Use StayFocused to refresh yourself. D．Chat with a friend over a cup of coffee. 26．What does the author suggest you do according to paragraph 4? A．Seek partners’ support. B．Leave challenges behind. C．Keep your promises. D．Say no to playing games. 27．What is the text mainly about? A．What causes temptation. B．How to keep temptation at bay. C．Why urges set in. D．How to keep life under control. 10.（2025·江苏省常州高级中学高三上学期10月检测） Are you an open book, your face broadcasting every passing emotion, or more of a poker face, not showing what you are feeling? Scientists at Nottingham Trent University say that wearing your heart on your face, could actually give you a significant social advantage. The study, led by Eithne Kavanagh, a research fellow at NTU’s School of Social Sciences, involving over 1,300 participants, noticed striking variations in how much people moved their faces during conversations. Importantly, this expressiveness emerged as a stable individual quality. People displayed similar levels of facial expressiveness across different contexts, with different social partners, and even over time periods up to four months. The researchers say that facial expressiveness is linked to personality, with more agreeable individuals displaying more lively faces. Facial expressiveness can also translate into concrete social benefits. In a negotiation task, more expressive individuals are more likely to secure a larger slice of a reward. The researchers suggest that for agreeable folks, dynamic facial expressions may serve as a tool for building good relationship and smoothing over conflicts. Across the board, the results point to facial expressiveness serving an“ affiliative (亲和) function,” or a social glue that develops liking and smoother interactions. Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more “readable,” suggesting that a lively face makes one’s intentions and mental states easier for others to decipher. Beyond frequency of facial movements, people who employ facial expressions more strategically to suit social goals, such as looking friendly in a greeting, are also more well- liked. The findings challenge the “poker face” common belief that a still and unemotional appearance is always most advantageous. Instead, they suggest that for most people, allowing one’s face to mirror inner states and intentions can invite warmer reactions. As the researchers conclude, “Being facially expressive is socially advantageous.” So, the next time you catch yourself making lines on your forehead, or flashing a smile, know that your face just might be working overtime on your behalf. 28．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning the study? A．Its impact. B．Its findings. C．Its limitations. D．Its significance. 29．What may facial expressiveness serve as in negotiation settings? A．A way to frighten competitors. B．A method to hide personalities. C．A tool to show personal quality. D．A strategy to settle disagreement. 30．What does the underlined word “decipher” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Copy. B．Overlook. C．Remember D．Interpret. 31．What may the author advise based on the findings of the study? A．Always wearing a still face. B．Learning to be an open book. C．Speaking out inner emotions. D．Forcing a smile through tears. ( 58 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年江苏高考英语试题分类汇编 专题2 阅读理解之创新压轴题（社会心理类） 解题指导（超级实用干货，值得拥有） 2024年高考英语试题中的阅读C、D篇难度有所增加，其中社会心理类阅读是增加阅读难度的语篇之一。 社会心理类阅读难度分析：1.学生心理类文章知识储备不足 2.专业词汇多导致比较难懂 3.较多的长难句 4.比较复杂的逻辑关系 社会心理类阅读方法及解题技巧：英语说明文是客观地解释一个事实或道理，对客观事物的性质、特点、功用等做科学解说的。不像记叙文重在情节的叙述和描写,也不像议论文,重在论述主张和列出论点依据，更不像科幻作品富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是旨在使人们增长知识和技能。说明文阅读理解的特征涉及以下几个方面，即Who →What → When → Where → How → Why。 1) Who文章的主体是谁? 2) What主体做了什么? 3) When和Where：何时何地发生? 4) How如何表现出来? 5) Why为什么? 英语说明文在说明方法上，旨在阐明事物的概念特征，常用的说明方法有举例、比较、分类、分析因果、列数字、诠释、打比方、下定义、列图表、引用、假设、对比说明相异、类比说明相似等。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，更容易体现高考选拔人才的要求。说明文抽象度高，解题难度增大了。人的社会心理现象等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子为主。因此考生要准确握说明文的命题规律和特点，以正确的做题方法阅读原文，重点关注文章长难句的句式分析和认知理解，以便做出准确的语意理解。 高分应对策略：一确定设问中的目标词；二定位到文章中的提示词；三匹配逻辑关联信息；四善用排除法。 江苏高考模拟实操演练（江苏模拟试题难度够足）： 1.（2025·江苏省盐城市五校联考高三上学期10月月考） Through life’s journey, we inevitably encounter unpleasant emotions — anxiety, envy, fear, and frustration — that can cast a dark shadow over our mind. Many of us often shy away from these feelings, from adopting a sense of denial to turning to food or work as a distraction. We understand that constant joy is an unattainable goal. Yet, we often struggle with emotions that are less than positive. This disgust to negativity is rooted in our natural tendency to avoid or suppress (抑制) such feelings. These negative emotional states can create extra stress in your body and your mind, which is uncomfortable and can also lead to health issues if the stress becomes chronic or overwhelming.  This in-built programming, inherited from our ancestors, directs us to avoid discomfort at all costs. However, suppressing our emotions often leads to unforeseen consequences. As Dr. Elena Touroni, a consultant psychologist of The Chelsea Psychology Clinic, puts it, “When we bury our emotions, they inevitably end up reappearing elsewhere further down the line, causing numerous issues and symptoms, including headaches and anxiety.” Burying our unfavorable emotions not only influences our well- being but also keeps us from experiencing the benefits that embracing these emotions can bring. Indeed, recognizing and confronting uncomfortable feelings, rather than dismissing or suppressing them, is a sign of emotional health. Negative emotions are there to alert us that something needs to change and to motivate us to make that change. For example, anger and anxiety show that something needs to change and that perhaps our well- being has been threatened; fear is an appeal to increase your level of safety. Emotions, both positive and negative, play a vital role in our human experience. As Elena says, “Without negative emotions, we would struggle to know our boundaries, how to keep ourselves safe and what hurts us or makes us happy. They can guide us toward making decisions that serve us in the long term.” 32．Why do people often try to avoid negative emotions? A．Humans are biologically programmed. B．People believe constant joy is achievable. C．Negative emotions are impossible to control. D．The benefits of negative emotions are neglected. 33．According to Dr. Elena Touroni, what might happen when we bury our emotions? A．They magically disappear over time. B．They eventually cause physical problems. C．They make us stronger and more adaptable. D．They transform into positive emotions. 34．Why are negative emotions important in our human experience? A．They help us avoid difficulties. B．They drive us to take action. C．They suppress the need to change. D．They indicate excellent mental health. 35．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Embracing unpleasant feelings B．Holding back mental challenges C．The healing power of emotions D．Solutions to emotional barriers 【答案】32．A 33．B 34．B 35．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了负面情绪在人类经验中的重要作用，它们帮助我们了解界限，保持安全，以及识别什么会伤害我们或让我们快乐。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段中“These negative emotional states can create extra stress in your body and your mind, which is uncomfortable and can also lead to health issues if the stress becomes chronic or overwhelming. This in- built programming, inherited from our ancestors, directs us to avoid discomfort at all costs.”（这些消极的情绪状态会给你的身体和思想带来额外的压力，这会让你感到不舒服，如果压力变成慢性或压倒性的，还会导致健康问题。这种从我们祖先那里继承下来的内置编程，指导我们不惜一切代价避免不适。）可推知，人们总是试图避免负面情绪是因为人类是由生物编程决定的。故选A项。 33．推理判断题。根据第三段中“As Dr. Elena Touroni, a consultant psychologist of The Chelsea Psychology Clinic, puts it,“ When we bury our emotions, they inevitably end up reappearing elsewhere further down the line, causing numerous issues and symptoms, including headaches and anxiety.””（正如切尔西心理诊所的咨询心理学家埃琳娜·图罗尼博士所说：“当我们把情绪埋藏起来时，它们不可避免地会在其他地方再次出现，引发许多问题和症状，包括头痛和焦虑。”）可推知，根据埃琳娜·图罗尼博士的说法，当我们隐藏情绪时，它们最终会导致身体问题。故选B项。 34．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Negative emotions are there to alert us that something needs to change and to motivate us to make that change.”（消极情绪提醒我们需要改变，并激励我们做出改变。）可推知，负面情绪在我们的人类经历中如此重要是因为它们驱使我们采取行动。故选B项。 35．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“Emotions, both positive and negative, play a vital role in our human experience. As Elena says, “Without negative emotions, we would struggle to know our boundaries, how to keep ourselves safe and what hurts us or makes us happy. They can guide us toward making decisions that serve us in the long term.””（情绪，无论是积极的还是消极的，在我们人类的经历中都扮演着至关重要的角色。正如埃琳娜所说，“如果没有负面情绪，我们会努力知道自己的界限，如何保证自己的安全，什么会伤害我们，什么会让我们快乐。它们可以引导我们做出对我们长期有益的决定。”）可知，本文强调了负面情绪在人类经验中的重要作用，它们帮助我们了解界限，保持安全，以及识别什么会伤害我们或让我们快乐。因此本文的最佳标题是“拥抱不愉快的感觉”。故选A项。 2.（2025·江苏省如皋中学高三考试）C One by one, prejudices are disappearing in the West. People may hold private suspicions that other people’s race or sex makes them inferior — but to say so openly is totally taboo (禁忌). One old prejudice remains undisturbed, though. Just ask a childless person. They are not charged to special taxes, as they were in Soviet Russia; nor are they driven from their homes, as they still are in some poor countries. The childless nonetheless come in for a lot of criticism. Some point out that non-parents are failing to produce the future workers who will pay for their pensions. Childless politicians are charged with not having a proper stake in society. “He talks to us about the future, but he doesn’t have children!” complained Jean-Marie Le Pen, co-founder of the National Front party, of Emmanuel Macron, who went on to win the French presidency. Similar attacks on Theresa May and Angela Merkel also failed but researchers find that many voters quietly agree. If non-breeders are selfish, they have a strange way of showing it. They are more likely to set up charitable foundations than people with children, and much more likely to donate money to good causes. According to one American estimate, the mere fact of not having children raises the amount a person leaves to charity by a little over $10,000. The childless are thus a small but useful counterweight to the world’s parents, who stop social stability by passing on their social and economic advantages to their children. The charge that childless people fail to pull their weight in population is correct, but is less serious than it appears. Those who do not have children do put pressure on public pension systems. Governments have to do unpopular things like making pensions less generous, as Japan has done, or accepting more immigrants, as some Western countries have done. But to sustain public pensions in the long term, countries do not actually need more parents. What they need instead is more babies. It is possible to combine a high rate of childlessness with a high birth rate, provided people who become parents have more than one or two children. That was the pattern in many Western countries a century ago. Ireland, yet another country with a childless leader, still manages it today. The childless also do everyone else a favor by creating wonderful works of art. British novelists have been especially likely to have no offspring: think of Hilary Mantel, P.G Wodehouse and the Bronte sisters. In September last year Britain put Jane Austen on its ten-pound note. That decision was controversial, though it was hard to see why. Few people have written as shrewdly about money or about families even though Austen did not marry, and had no children. 28．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．The childless often come under sharp criticism. B．Childlessness is to future workers’ disadvantage. C．Many highly successful people have no children D．The childless politicians get attacked in society. 29．The childless are prejudiced because people think the childless ______. A．have a strange way to show selfishness B．set a bad example for young people C．are not as generous as those with children D．are the government’s financial burden 30．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Accepting more immigrants. B．Reducing the pensions for the aged. C．Encouraging parents to have more children. D．Supporting the political leaders with no children. 31．What is the best title for the passage? A．In defense of the childless. B．Prejudice against non-breeders. C．Why don’t they have children? D．Measures to address childlessness. 【答案】28．A 29．D 30．C 31．A 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了当今社会对不生孩子的偏见，并认为对无子女者的指控应当驳回，他们的存在为社会产生很多好处。 28．主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句“The childless nonetheless come in for a lot of criticism. (尽管如此，没有孩子的人还是受到了很多批评。)”并结合下文可知，本段主要讲述了无子女者常常遭受尖锐批判。故选A。 29．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Some point out that non-parents are failing to produce the future workers who will pay for their pensions. (一些人指出，非父母者无法培养出未来的工人来支付养老金。)”和倒数第二段中的“Those who do not have children do put pressure on public pension systems. Governments have to do unpopular things like making pensions less generous, as Japan has done, or accepting more immigrants, as some Western countries have done. (那些没有孩子的人确实给公共养老金系统带来了压力。政府不得不做一些不受欢迎的事情，比如像日本那样降低养老金的慷慨程度，或者像一些西方国家那样接受更多的移民。)”可知，由于无子女者没有生孩子来为养老金系统作贡献，这会给公共养老金系统带来压力，政府不得不做一些不受欢迎的事情。由此可推测出，无子女者遭受人们的偏见是因为人们认为他们成为政府的经济负担。故选D。 30．词句猜测题。根据画线词it所在句的前文“It is possible to combine a high rate of childlessness with a high birth rate, provided people who become parents have more than one or two children. That was the pattern in many Western countries a century ago. (如果成为父母的人有一个或两个以上的孩子，就有可能把高无子女率和高出生率结合起来。这是一个世纪前许多西方国家的模式。)”可知，画线词it指代前文的内容，即一个世纪前许多国家采取的模式是鼓励成为父母的人生孩子，从而兼顾高无子女率与高出生率。故选C。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段最后一句“One old prejudice remains undisturbed, though. Just ask a childless person. (然而，一种古老的偏见仍然受人尊敬。问问一个没有孩子的人就知道了。)”引出话题：无子女者遭受偏见；第二段具体讲述了无子女者面对的批判；接下来几段作者分别从慈善、政治能力、人口增长、艺术文学贡献等方面讲述无子女者的贡献。由此可推测出，本文主要指出人们对无子女者的偏见，并为无子女者辩护，由此可推测出，A项“为无子女者辩护”最适合作本文标题。故选A。 3.（2025·江苏省宿迁市高三上学期开学考试）C How often is your mind quiet? If you’re a typical human being, the answer is probably very rarely. For most of our days, our attention is focused on external things—the tasks of our jobs, TV programs, or social media interactions. In the moments when our attention isn’t focused externally, it’s usually focused on what is called “thought-chatter”—a stream of mental associations consisting of expectations of the future, memories, daydreams, and so on. But from time to time, we all experience moments when our thought-chatter quiets down, or even disappears altogether. In these moments, we experience a sense of great well-being. We feel a sense of inner harmony. We feel as if we’re free of problems, and feel satisfied with our lives as they are. There are many activities that have the effect of quieting our minds, and so produce a state of well-being. For example, think about what happens when you go walking in the countryside. You might feel stressed when you start out, but slowly, after a couple of miles, your mind begins to settle down. The beauty and stillness of nature attracts your attention and you’re no longer in your thought-chatter. By the end of the walk you feel almost like a different person. You feel more alive, and much happier—largely because your mind is now quiet. This is why people love to look at beautiful works of art. When people see the paintings of Monet or van Gogh, they experience a mind-stopping moment, in which they’re taken out of their thinking minds and experience a sense of great well-being. The strange thing is, though, that most of the time this happens unconsciously (不知不觉地). We usually don’t associate this well-being with a quiet mind. And we usually don’t think of a quiet mind as the aim or result of these activities. Our estimate of how enjoyable an activity is may depend on its mind-stopping capacity. In other words, the very best performances—and the most rewarding activities—are those which are so attractive and intense that they can completely stop our minds. I’m not saying that inner quietness is the only reason why we enjoy these activities. Nevertheless, we should certainly become more aware of the association of a quiet mind with well-being. And at the same time we should be aware that it’s possible for us to consciously and directly create a quiet mind; rather than as a byproduct of certain activities. And in the end we might develop a permanent quiet mind and attain a state of ongoing contentment and harmony. 12．What can be inferred about thought-chatter? A．It requires a lot of practice. B．It might be unpleasant at times. C．It might be a talk with a friend. D．It helps reach a state of silence. 13．What are the examples of activities mentioned in the text mainly about? A．What activities lead to well-being. B．What can be done to reduce stress. C．How we can make our minds quiet. D．How mental quietness leads to well-being. 14．How can we determine how much pleasure an activity can give us? A．By judging how much stress it can increase. B．By judging whether it takes place unconsciously. C．By judging to what extent it can quiet our minds. D．By judging whether it associates with well-being. 15．What does the author intend to highlight in the last paragraph? A．Creating a quiet mind for all time. B．Living a peaceful life permanently. C．Being in harmony with inner quietness. D．Participating in activities for inner quietness. 【答案】12．B 13．D 14．C 15．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了内心宁静与心理健康的关系，指出通过欣赏艺术和在自然中行走等活动，可以使思维静止，带来幸福感和内心和谐，并提出有意识地创造宁静心境可以带来持久的满足感。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段的“But from time to time, we all experience moments when our thought-chatter quiets down, or even disappears altogether. In these moments, we experience a sense of great well-being. We feel a sense of inner harmony. We feel as if we’re free of problems, and feel satisfied with our lives as they are. (但时不时地，我们都会经历这样的时刻：我们的“思想闲聊”安静下来，甚至完全消失。在这些时刻，我们体验到一种巨大的幸福感。我们感受到内心的和谐。我们觉得好像没有问题了，对我们的生活感到满意。)”可知，“思想闲聊”停下来时人们会感到快乐，因此它的发生有时可能会令人不愉快。故选B。 13．推理判断题。根据第四段的“For example, think about what happens when you-go walking in the countryside. You might feel stressed when you start out, but slowly, after-a couple of miles, your mind begins to settle down. The beauty and stillness of nature attracts your attention and you’re no longer in your thought-chatter. By the end of the walk you feel almost like a different person. You feel more alive, and much happier—largely because your mind is now quiet. (例如，想想当你在农村散步时会发生什么。刚开始的时候你可能会感到压力，但慢慢地，几英里后，你的头脑开始安定下来。大自然的美丽和宁静吸引了你的注意力，你不再“思想闲聊”。散步结束时，你几乎感觉自己变成了另一个人。你感觉更有活力，也更快乐——主要是因为你的头脑现在很安静。) ”可知，文中提到了在乡村散步和观看艺术作品等活动可以让心灵平静下来，并带来幸福感。因此，提到这些例子主要是为了说明心灵的平静是怎样带来幸福感的。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Our estimate of how enjoyable an activity is may depend on its mind-stopping capacity. In other words, the very best performances—and the most rewarding activities—are those which are so attractive and intense that they can completely stop our minds. (我们对一项活动有多愉快的估计可能取决于它让人停止思考的能力。换句话说，最好的表现和最有回报的活动是那些非常有吸引力和激烈的，它们可以完全停止我们的思想。)”可知，那些可以完全让我们停止思考的活动被认为是非常愉快和有益的，因此，我们对一项活动的享受取决于它在多大程度上能让我们的头脑平静下来。故选C。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I’m not saying that inner quietness is the only reason why we enjoy these activities. Nevertheless, we should certainly become more aware of the association of a quiet mind with well-being. And at the same time we should be aware that it’s possible for us to consciously and directly create a quiet mind; rather than as a byproduct of certain activities. And in the end we might develop a permanent quiet mind and attain a state of ongoing contentment and harmony. (我并不是说内心的平静是我们喜欢这些活动的唯一原因。然而，我们当然应该更加意识到安静的头脑与幸福的联系。同时，我们应该意识到，我们有可能有意识地直接创造一个平静的头脑；而不是作为某些活动的副产品。最终，我们可能会发展出一种永久的平静心态，达到一种持续的满足与和谐的状态。)”可知，作者强调要更多地意识到安静的心灵和幸福之间的联系，要有意识地直接创造一个安静的头脑，潜在地带来持续的满足和和谐，而不仅仅是参与活动。故选A。 4.（2025·江苏省宿迁市高三上学期开学考试） People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between supporters of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”. Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts (本能). Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B．E. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, human beings remain unchanged unless stimulated by the environmental factors. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 8．What will the supporters of the “nurture” theory agree with? A．Peter loves talking to strangers because he is friendly. B．Peter loves maths because his father is a maths professor. C．Peter loves detective stories because he enjoys suspense and thrill. D．Peter loves tea because his mother gave it to him since childhood. 9．The underlined word “mechanistic” in paragraph 4 means ________. A．flexible B．rigid C．common D．new 10．Why did the author cite the blacks in the US as an example? A．He wanted to show how the theories have deeply affected the society. B．He tried to prove that both theories need further discussion and research. C．He intended to demonstrate why the blacks need more education and support. D．He attempted to introduce the result of intelligence tests from blacks and whites. 11．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce some theories. B．To stress genetic factors. C．To solve a racial problem. D．To give further suggestions. 【答案】8．D 9．B 10．A 11．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人的性格与行为模式是如何形成的，以及是什么决定了每个人的性格行为与他人不同。 8．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. (“后天培养”理论的支持者，或者他们通常被称为行为主义者，声称我们的环境比我们基于生物学的本能更重要，决定我们将如何行动。)”可知，Peter爱茶是因为他母亲从小就给他茶，这是环境因素的影响，符合“后天培养”理论支持者的观点，即环境在塑造行为方面起着更重要的作用。故选D项。 9．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, human beings remain unchanged unless stimulated by the environmental factors.(行为主义者对人类的看法是相当……；他们认为，就像机器一样，除非受到环境因素的刺激，否则人类不会改变。)”可知，人类像机器一样，除非受到环境因素的刺激否则保持不变，意味着这种观点是僵化的、刻板的。划线单词mechanistic意思为“机械论的；僵化的”，故选B项。 10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests.(这两种理论的社会和政治影响是深远的。例如，在美国，黑人在标准化智力测试中的得分往往低于白人。)”可知，作者提到美国黑人在标准化智力测试中得分低于白人的例子，是为了说明这两种理论的社会和政治影响是深远的。故选A项。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.(目前还没有明确的答案，但关于这个问题已经形成了两种截然不同的思想流派。)”可知，作者的目的是介绍关于人的个性和行为形成的两种不同的理论，即“天性”理论和“后天培养”理论，并阐述了它们的观点和影响。故选A项。 5.（江苏省南通市海安市2024-2025学年高三上学期开学）B Students’ social-emotional skills are positively correlated with their reading and math performance, according to a study by Branching Minds, an ed-tech company. It found that 60-70 percent of students who were identified as needing additional social-emotional support were also identified as needing additional academic support. To understand the links between social-emotional learning (SEL) and academic outcomes, the study analyzed student screening assessments for social-emotional skills and reading and math performance of nearly 4,000 K-8 students in the 2021-22 school year. The study’s findings are in line with previous research that shows social-emotional learning has a positive impact on students’ academic achievement, but there’s still a gap in understanding how those pieces of data about academic and social-emotional strengths should be integrated and used together to create intervention plans for students. The study also found that social-emotional skills may act as “a protective factor” for some students performing below academic standards, meaning that students’ social-emotional strengths could be used to boost their academic achievement, said Essie Sutton, the director of learning science at Branching Minds. Therefore, “it would be beneficial for educators to think about more combined support plans for struggling students,” she added. For example, if a student is struggling with reading, but he is very social, “how can we build that into a support plan, and perhaps make these targeted or individualized reading support groups more social and play to that strength that they have?” Perhaps the student could take on the role of teacher and explain something to their peers in order to help them practice reading comprehension, as well as social skills, Sutton said. In the study, it is recommended that results from academic, social-emotional, and behavioral screeners should be used when developing intervention plans for students. “It’s really important to look at students’ strengths and needs comprehensively,” Sutton said. To do that, district and school leaders should ensure that their academic, behavioral, and social-emotional support teams work together and that all stakeholders-students, parents, and teachers-are part of the process of creating intervention plans. 4．How did the researchers carry out the study? A．By interviewing students. B．By carrying out experiments. C．By conducting data analysis. D．By referring to the previous data. 5．Why is the example mentioned in paragraph 5? A．To attach great importance to social skills. B．To narrow the gap of the previous research. C．To explain social skills can protect everyone. D．To advocate the integrated support strategies. 6．What matters when designing intervention strategies according to the passage? A．Cooperation. B．Assessment. C．Flexibility. D．Individuality. 7．What is the passage mainly about? A．The prospect of applying social emotional skills. B．The effects SEL skills have on academic performance. C．The methods to develop students’ SEL skills to the full. D．The useful intervention plans for academic performance. 【答案】4．C 5．D 6．A 7．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，学生的社会情感能力与他们在学业上的表现是正相关的，教育人士或可利用这一点对学生给予支持。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段“To understand the links between social-emotional learning (SEL) and academic outcomes, the study analyzed student screening assessments for social-emotional skills and reading and math performance of nearly 4,000 K-8 students in the 2021-22 school year.（为了了解社会情感学习（SEL）与学业成绩之间的联系，该研究分析了2021-22学年涵盖幼儿园到八年级共近4000名学生的社会情感技能、阅读和数学成绩的筛查评估情况。）”可知，该项研究主要是通过进行数据分析来完成的。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。先分析第五段所给例子“For example, if a student is struggling with reading, but he is very social（例如，如果一个学生阅读比较吃力，但他是社交达人）”及研究机构的负责人Sutton给出的建议“Perhaps the student could take on the role of teacher and explain something to their peers in order to help them practice reading comprehension, as well as social skills（也许这名学生可以扮演老师的角色，向其他同学阐述说明，从而帮助他们练习阅读理解和社交技能）”可知，这显然是承接上文末尾的“Therefore, “it would be beneficial for educators to think about more combined support plans for struggling students,” she added.（因此，她补充道：“教育工作者为陷入困境的学生想出更多的综合支持计划，这将是十分有益的。”）”即通过例子来倡导、鼓励教育人士结合社会情感和学业两方面为学生提供一些帮助和支持。故选D项。 6．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“To do that, district and school leaders should ensure that their academic, behavioral, and social-emotional support teams work together and that all stakeholders-students, parents, and teachers-are part of the process of creating intervention plans.（为此，学区和学校领导应确保他们的学术、行为和社会情感支持团队协同工作，并确保所有利益相关者——学生、家长和教师——都参与到制定干预计划的过程中。）”可知，在设计干预策略的过程中，最重要的就是各方的协调与合作，共同努力。故选A项。 7．主旨大意题。总览全文可知，文章从一项研究结果引入，指出学生的社会情感能力对其学业表现的正向影响，B选项“社会情感学习能力对于学术表现的影响”符合文章的主要内容。故选B项。 6.（2025·江苏省部分学校高三上学期期初调研模拟测试） Years ago, I bought a blouse. That same day, I considered putting it on, but for no particular reason I decided not to. That weekend, I again considered wearing the blouse, but the occasion didn’t seem special enough, so again, I passed it up. Fast forward to today, I have never worn that blouse. What happened here? Why do people own so many unused possessions, treating them as though they are too special to use? To find out, I ran an experiment in which participants imagined buying a bottle of wine. We had half of the participants imagine considering opening it one night, but deciding not to. Then when we measured how special the wine seemed and participants’ intentions to open it later, we found that those who had imagined holding off on opening it were in fact less likely to intend to open it later. When asked the reason, most assumed they were waiting for a future occasion to open it — a more special occasion. Why do people fall into this mental trap? Prior research points to two main reasons. First, when options are presented one at a time, rather than all at once, it can be difficult to know when to make a decision. So people often end up “holding out” for an idealized future occasion. Second, regardless of the actual reasons behind their feelings and actions, people often come up with their own explanations after the fact. Putting these together is a recipe for what psychologists term “specialness spirals”. When you give up using something — for whatever reason — if you believe that you are waiting to use it, the possession will start to feel more special. And as you search for the right occasion day after day, it becomes more tempting to hold out for a future occasion. The less you use it, though, the more special it feels, and the cycle continues. Ultimately, the likelihood of using the possession becomes rarer and rarer. The more this happens, the more stuff you have lying around. How can you fight specialness spirals? Try committing in advance to using an item on a specific occasion. When buying a dress, tell yourself you’ll wear it this weekend. Or when purchasing a candle, plan to light it that day. This strategy encourages you to actually enjoy your possessions. 8．What were the participants asked to imagine doing in the experiment? A．Putting off drinking the wine. B．Evaluating the quality of the wine. C．Listing reasons for drinking the wine. D．Discussing how they would deal with the wine. 9．What does the underlined word “tempting” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Particular. B．Ordinary. C．Inviting. D．Unappealing. 10．What can we learn about specialness spirals? A．They can mislead people into shopping traps. B．They can lead to a collection of unused stuff. C．They result from an optimistic attitude to the future. D．They help explain the psychology of delayed rewards. 11．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain a psychological phenomenon. B．To criticize a wrong consumption concept. C．To remind people to enjoy their possessions. D．To encourage people to prepare for a rainy day. 【答案】8．A 9．C 10．B 11．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过作者自身经历引入并解释一种心理现象——为什么人们会拥有许多未使用过的物品，并将它们视为过于特别而不愿使用，即“特殊螺旋”效应，并提出对抗这一现象的策略。 8． 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“To find out, I ran an experiment in which participants imagined buying a bottle of wine. We had half of the participants imagine considering opening it one night, but deciding not to. Then when we measured how special the wine seemed and participants’ intentions to open it later, we found that those who had imagined holding off on opening it were in fact less likely to intend to open it later.(为了找出答案，我做了一个实验，让参与者想象自己买了一瓶葡萄酒。我们让一半的参与者想象有一天晚上考虑打开它，但最终决定不打开。然后，当我们测量葡萄酒的特殊程度，以及参与者稍后打开它的意愿时，我们发现，那些想象过要推迟打开它的人，实际上不太可能打算稍后打开它。)”可知，在实验中，参与者被要求想象购买了一瓶酒并将推迟喝那瓶酒。故选A项。 9．词句猜测题。由文章第五段“And as you search for the right occasion day after day, it becomes more tempting to hold out for a future occasion. The less you use it, though, the more special it feels, and the cycle continues. Ultimately, the likelihood of using the possession becomes rarer and rarer. The more this happens, the more stuff you have lying around.(当你日复一日地寻找合适的场合时，为未来的场合坚持下去变得更加 。然而，你使用它的次数越少，它的感觉就越特别，循环也在继续。最终，使用该东西的可能性越来越小。这种情况发生得越多，你周围的东西就越多。)”可知，最终人们会因为这东西特别而不会使用它，由此推知这里表示“为未来的场合坚持下去决定变得更加有吸引力”，所以猜测tempting表“诱人的;吸引人的”意思，与C项Inviting(吸引人的)意思相近。故选C项。 10．推理判断题。由文章第五段中“Putting these together is a recipe for what psychologists term “specialness spirals”. When you give up using something－for whatever reason－if you believe that you are waiting to use it, the possession will start to feel more special. And as you search for the right occasion day after day, it becomes more tempting to hold out for a future occasion. The less you use it, though, the more special it feels, and the cycle continues. Ultimately, the likelihood of using the possession becomes rarer and rarer. The more this happens, the more stuff you have lying around.(把这些放在一起就是心理学家所说的“特殊螺旋”的秘诀。当你放弃使用某物时——无论出于什么原因——如果你相信你正在等待使用它，那么拥有它就会开始感觉更特别。当你日复一日地寻找合适的场合时，为未来的场合坚持下去变得更加诱人。然而，你使用它的次数越少，它的感觉就越特别，循环也在继续。最终，使用该东西的可能性越来越小。这种情况发生得越多，你周围的东西就越多。)”可知，“特殊螺旋”指的是人们因期待更特殊场合而不断推迟使用某物品的心理现象，这会导致物品越积越多却未被使用。故选B项。 11． 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Years ago, I bought a blouse. That same day, I considered putting it on, but for no particular reason I decided not to. That weekend, I again considered wearing the blouse, but the occasion didn’t seem special enough, so again, I passed it up. Fast forward to today, I have never worn that blouse. (几年前，我买了一件衬衫。同一天，我考虑穿上它，但没有特别的原因，我决定不穿。那个周末，我再次考虑穿这件衬衫，但这个场合似乎不够特别，所以我再次拒绝了。快进到今天，我从来没有穿过那件衬衫。)”可知，文章的主要目的是通过作者自身经历引入并解释一种心理现象——为什么人们会拥有许多未使用过的物品，并将它们视为过于特别而不愿使用，即“特殊螺旋”效应，并提出对抗这一现象的策略。故选A项。 7.（2025·江苏省部分学校高三上学期期初调研模拟测试） The expression “Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration (汗水)” is often attributed to Thomas Edison. But as we have progressed into the 21st century, I think we should update the saying: “Success is 1% inspiration and 99% preparation.” Indeed, ideas are shooting around faster than ever, but most are worthless because no one does the hard work to implement them. And as we’re in a service economy now, implementation requires hours and hours not of sweat but of preparation. You must do it all: reading, researching, falling into one rabbit hole after another on the Internet to find the right series of test cases and quotes to make your point, and presenting your idea briefly and clearly. Preparation is everything! Watch the amazing 2021 video of the Perseverance rover landing on the surface of Mars. The onboard camera shows the terrain (地形). After the landing, I’m pretty sure one of the scientists exclaims, “Hey, that’s my rock.” In mission preparation, the entire landing area was digitized. The planners knew the placement of every rock and dip in terrain. Churchill famously memorized his speeches and practiced giving them over and over in his bathtub. Some of this was to overcome his stutter (口吃), but it was mainly to get the tone just right. Nothing was off-the-cuff (即兴的). His speeches didn’t sound like they were read from a piece of paper; they felt stream of consciousness. In his finest hours he showed the value of preparation. But, you may ask, why put in any extra effort? ChatGPT can pass Advanced Placement tests, entry exams for law and medical school, and even the bar exam. That probably says more about how poor those tests are than about AI’s ability. But even though AI can answer almost any question you throw at it, it is worthless in an elevator when your boss asks you what you think about new product ideas or sales prospects in Omaha. The only answer comes from that 99% preparation. Study everything, not only the task you’ve been assigned. Dig deep. Come up with ideas and potential solutions. Work on an elevator speech for what excites you. Don’t wing it. Prepare. And trust me, the feeling you get from preparation-induced success is better than anything you can buy at a drugstore. Preparation will make you super great. 12．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．The service economy makes ideas worthless. B．Implementation does not take much time these days. C．Ideas are worthless without preparation and hard work. D．Implementation requires more inspiration than preparation. 13．How does the author try to persuade readers to accept his argument? A．By listing examples. B．By sharing his experience. C．By providing research results. D．By referring to experts’ words. 14．What point is the author trying to make by mentioning ChatGPT? A．ChatGPT is capable of passing various tests. B．Preparation can help you perform better than AI. C．Elevator conversations require high social skills. D．Standard tests do not fully represent one’s abilities. 15．What does the text mainly talk about? A．How we can achieve success with little sweat. B．How we should make preparation for our future. C．Why perspiration still maters in the 21st century. D．Why preparation can pave the way to your success. 【答案】12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D 【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文强调成功更多依赖于99%的准备而非灵感，通过爱迪生名言的更新、火星车着陆准备、丘吉尔演讲准备等例子，论证了充分准备对于成功的重要性。 12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Indeed, ideas are shooting around faster than ever, but most are worthless because no one does the hard work to implement them. (事实上，想法的传播速度比以往任何时候都快，但大多数想法都毫无价值，因为没有人努力实施它们)”可知，没有准备和努力的想法是无价值的。故选C项。 13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Watch the amazing 2021 video of the Perseverance rover landing on the surface of Mars. (观看2021年毅力号火星车在火星表面着陆的精彩视频)”和第三段中的“In mission preparation, the entire landing area was digitized. The planners knew the placement of every rock and dip in terrain. (在任务准备过程中，整个着陆区都被数字化了。规划者知道每一块岩石的位置和地形的倾角)”以及第四段中的“Churchill famously memorized his speeches and practiced giving them over and over in his bathtub. Some of this was to overcome his stutter (口吃), but it was mainly to get the tone just right. Nothing was off-the-cuff (即兴的). (丘吉尔以熟记演讲而闻名，并在浴缸里反复练习演讲。其中一些是为了克服他的口吃，但主要是为了让语气恰到好处。没有什么是即兴的)”可知，作者在文章中通过列举多个例子来支持他的观点，如Perseverance火星探测器着陆前的详尽准备，以及丘吉尔对演讲的精心准备等。故选A项。 14．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“But even though AI can answer almost any question you throw at it, it is worthless in an elevator when your boss asks you what you think about new product ideas or sales prospects in Omaha. (但是，尽管人工智能几乎可以回答你提出的任何问题，但当你的老板问你对奥马哈的新产品创意或销售前景有何看法时，它在电梯里毫无价值)”可知，在实际的工作场景中，如电梯里老板询问你对新产品想法或销售前景的看法时，AI是无能为力的。这实际上是在突出准备和人的能力的重要性，即准备可以让你在需要时表现得比AI更好。故选B项。 15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“But as we have progressed into the 21st century, I think we should update the saying: “Success is 1% inspiration and 99% preparation.” (但随着我们进入21世纪，我认为我们应该更新这句话：“成功是1%的灵感和99%的准备。”)”以及最后一段中的“The only answer comes from that 99% preparation. (唯一的答案来自99%的准备)”和“ Preparation will make you super great. (准备会让你变得超级棒)”可知，作者认为成功不仅仅是靠灵感，更重要的是准备，整篇文章主要围绕“准备”这一主题展开，通过多个例子和论述来强调准备对于成功的重要性。故选D项。 8.（2025·江苏省南通市名校联盟高三上学期八月模拟演练性月考） Is boredom a thing of the past, like black-and-white television? And, if so, is that a good thing? Julie Robinson, a former teacher who now represents the Independent Association of Prep Schools, thinks that boredom is regarded as an enemy of today’s children, and they are losing the ability to become thoughtful and reflective (沉思的). “We should not fear boredom.” said Julie Robinson. “Boredom is valuable to children. Quiet, reflective time is just as important as purposeful activity,” she added. Her opinion is that constant (连续不断的) activity for a child, often the result of the dreams of parents, will lead to concerned and worrying adult. The traditional ideas that children should be constantly active could prevent the development of their imagination. So anything that improves a greater thoughtfulness is to be warmly welcomed. Parents now feel a sense of failure when they hear their children complain about being bored. They seek an electronic devices (设备) to play games at once. And we didn’t feel bored during long car journeys anymore by the impatient “Are we there yet?” because all kinds of electronic devices have been taken along to avoid even a minute of boredom. So what chance do children have to allow their thoughts to wander? But it’s not just children who need lessons in reflection. Adults need that, too. On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn’t see a single person who wasn’t using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the county side. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn’t exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability — among adults as well as children — to live in the present. What Julie Robinson regards is a cross-generational phenomenon: the fear of “inactivity”. And she is right. 32．Julie Robinson thinks boredom is useful because it makes children_________. A．find effective solutions to social problems B．improve the ability to learn knowledge C．have time to think and have their imagination developed D．communicate more with their parents and friends 33．Which of the following is seen as “inactivity” according to the last paragraph? A．Sending emails on a train. B．Playing games with friends. C．Planning constant activity for children. D．Looking out of the window at the beautiful views. 34．The author mentioned the train journey to show that_________. A．the trip on a quiet train was very boring B．the view of the countryside was beautiful C．people had too much work to do D．electronic devices influence people’s life greatly 35．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Both adults and children like to stay alone and recall their past days. B．People fail to leave their children enough time to think and imagine. C．Electronic devices are always good for both children and adults. D．Parents should tell their children how to use a mobile phone. 【答案】32．C 33．D 34．D 35．B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现在人们都使用手机等电子产品来避免无聊，而作者认为无聊的存在是有其意义的——可以让孩子们在无聊中对一些问题进行思考。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段中Julie Robinson说的话“Boredom is valuable to children. Quiet, reflective time is just as important as purposeful activity,(无聊对孩子来说是有价值的。安静、沉思的时间和有目的的活动一样重要)”和第三段中“The traditional ideas that children should be constantly active could prevent the development of their imagination. So anything that improves a greater thoughtfulness is to be warmly welcomed.(传统观念认为孩子应该不断活跃，这会阻碍他们想象力的发展。因此，任何能够提高更深思熟虑的事情都会受到热烈欢迎。)”可知，Julie Robinson认为无聊是有用的，因为它能让孩子们有时间思考，且发展他们的想象力。故选C。 33．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn’t see a single person who wasn’t using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the county side. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn’t exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability — among adults as well as children — to live in the present. What Julie Robinson regards is a cross-generational phenomenon (现象): the fear of “inactivity”. (今天早上在去上班的火车上，我看不到一个人不使用电子设备。没有人只是简单地向窗外看县城的美景。没有时间安静的思考，即使在安静的图书馆。有邮件要发，有短信要读，有游戏要玩。更广阔的世界，似乎并不存在。手机已经改变了我们生活中的许多事情，并且已经使成年人和儿童都无法生活在当下。朱莉·罗宾逊认为这是一个跨代现象：对“不活跃”的恐惧。)”可知，“不活跃”现象指的是人们安静的这种状态，即上文提到的无聊现象，如今人们害怕无聊，所以会经常看手机，或者不间断的做一些打发无聊的事情。由此可推知，D项“望着窗外美丽的景色”被认为是一种“不活跃”现象。故选D。 34．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“On my train journey to work this morning, I couldn’t see a single person who wasn’t using an electronic device. No one was simply looking out of the window at the beautiful views of the county side. Not time for quiet thinking, even in the quiet library. There were emails to send, texts to read, and games to play. The wider world, seemingly, didn’t exist. The mobile phone has changed many things about our lives, and has developed an inability—among adults as well as children—to live in the present.(今天早上在去上班的火车上，我看不到一个人不使用电子设备。没有人只是简单地向窗外看县城的美景。没有时间安静的思考，即使在安静的图书馆。有邮件要发，有短信要读，有游戏要玩。更广阔的世界，似乎并不存在。手机已经改变了我们生活中的许多事情，并且已经使成年人和儿童都无法生活在当下。)”可推知，作者提到了火车旅行，是为了表明电子设备对人们的生活影响很大。故选D。 35．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Boredom is valuable to children. Quiet, reflective time is just as important as purposeful activity,(无聊对孩子来说是有价值的。安静、沉思的时间和有目的的活动一样重要)”和第四段中“Parents now feel a sense of failure when they hear their children complain about being bored. They seek an electronic devices (设备) to play games at once. And we didn’t feel bored during long car journeys anymore by the impatient “Are we there yet?” because all kinds of electronic devices have been taken along to avoid even a minute of boredom. (现在，当父母听到孩子抱怨无聊时，他们会感到一种失败感。他们寻找一种可以立即玩游戏的电子设备。在长途汽车旅行中，我们再也不会因为不耐烦地问“我们到了吗？”而感到无聊，因为各种各样的电子设备已经随身携带，以避免哪怕是一分钟的无聊。)”可知，人们没有给他们的孩子足够的时间去思考和想象。故选B。 9.（2025·江苏省南通市名校联盟高三上学期八月模拟演练性月考） We go through life assuming we’re in charge of our own minds — until temptation (诱惑) strikes. Few things better illustrate how little control we really have. You can know exactly what you should do (decline the second slice of cake or the third cocktail), but that hardly seems to matter when the urge arises. More self-discipline is rarely the answer, though. Instead, if you can understand what’s going on inside your head when temptation comes, you’ll be far better placed to make a healthier choice. Sometimes, you need to push yourself, the idea behind which, in psychology, is to make the better choice the easier choice. (School pupils eat more healthily, it’s been shown, when the salads are within easier reach than the chips.) So, instead of relying on willpower, stop keeping ice creams in your freezer! Use StayFocused or similar apps to block distracting websites. Change your environment, and temptation will be a non-issue. For every person, behind every bad habit, there's a reasonable desire: some people eat or drink too much because they're lonely, or smoke to get a break from a busy schedule. Once you’ve uncovered this underlying need, find a different way to meet it: call a friend; take a coffee break instead of a cigarette break. There’s nothing wrong with the need — only with the way you’re currently meeting it. It’s a strange truth that we’ll break all sorts of promises to ourselves — yet most of us would never fail to show up at a prearranged meeting with a friend. Involve others in your temptation-resistance efforts, whether it's asking someone to check in weekly to see if you’re sticking to your plan, or never going shopping alone if you’re subject to impulse purchases. Best of all, launch a joint plan, in which two of you decide to give up a bad habit. That turns a challenge into a fun game. 24．What does “that” mean in paragraph 1? A．Temptation. B．Self-awareness. C．Choice. D．Self-motivation. 25．Which should be a good choice if you feel worn out from a packed timetable? A．Exercise strong willpower over it. B．Keep ice creams within easy reach. C．Use StayFocused to refresh yourself. D．Chat with a friend over a cup of coffee. 26．What does the author suggest you do according to paragraph 4? A．Seek partners’ support. B．Leave challenges behind. C．Keep your promises. D．Say no to playing games. 27．What is the text mainly about? A．What causes temptation. B．How to keep temptation at bay. C．Why urges set in. D．How to keep life under control. 【答案】24．B 25．D 26．A 27．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了如何抵制诱惑，提出了一些有效的方法，如理解诱惑的来源，改变环境，寻找替代的满足方式，以及寻求他人的支持等。 24．词句猜测题。根据第一段“You can know exactly what you should do (decline the second slice of cake or the third cocktail), but that hardly seems to matter when the urge arises.”（你可以确切地知道你应该做什么(拒绝第二块蛋糕或第三杯鸡尾酒)，但当冲动出现时，that似乎并不重要。）可知，当冲动出现时，所有的自我意识都不重要了。that指代上文的“自我意识”。故选B项。 25．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Once you’ve uncovered this underlying need, find a different way to meet it: call a friend; take a coffee break instead of a cigarette break.”（一旦你发现了这种潜在的需求，找到一种不同的方式来满足它:打电话给朋友;休息时间喝杯咖啡，而不是抽烟）可知，如果你因为日程安排过满而感到疲惫，你可以选择和朋友聊天喝咖啡来放松。故选D。 26．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“Involve others in your temptation-resistance efforts, whether it's asking someone to check in weekly to see if you’re sticking to your plan, or never going shopping alone if you’re subject to impulse purchases.”（让其他人参与你的抵制诱惑的努力，无论是让某人每周检查你是否坚持你的计划，还是如果你容易冲动购物，就不要一个人去购物。）可知，作者建议你寻求他人的支持。故选A。 27．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了如何抵制诱惑，提出了一些有效的方法，如理解诱惑的来源，改变环境，寻找替代的满足方式，以及寻求他人的支持等。故选B。 10.（2025·江苏省常州高级中学高三上学期10月检测） Are you an open book, your face broadcasting every passing emotion, or more of a poker face, not showing what you are feeling? Scientists at Nottingham Trent University say that wearing your heart on your face, could actually give you a significant social advantage. The study, led by Eithne Kavanagh, a research fellow at NTU’s School of Social Sciences, involving over 1,300 participants, noticed striking variations in how much people moved their faces during conversations. Importantly, this expressiveness emerged as a stable individual quality. People displayed similar levels of facial expressiveness across different contexts, with different social partners, and even over time periods up to four months. The researchers say that facial expressiveness is linked to personality, with more agreeable individuals displaying more lively faces. Facial expressiveness can also translate into concrete social benefits. In a negotiation task, more expressive individuals are more likely to secure a larger slice of a reward. The researchers suggest that for agreeable folks, dynamic facial expressions may serve as a tool for building good relationship and smoothing over conflicts. Across the board, the results point to facial expressiveness serving an“ affiliative (亲和) function,” or a social glue that develops liking and smoother interactions. Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more “readable,” suggesting that a lively face makes one’s intentions and mental states easier for others to decipher. Beyond frequency of facial movements, people who employ facial expressions more strategically to suit social goals, such as looking friendly in a greeting, are also more well- liked. The findings challenge the “poker face” common belief that a still and unemotional appearance is always most advantageous. Instead, they suggest that for most people, allowing one’s face to mirror inner states and intentions can invite warmer reactions. As the researchers conclude, “Being facially expressive is socially advantageous.” So, the next time you catch yourself making lines on your forehead, or flashing a smile, know that your face just might be working overtime on your behalf. 28．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning the study? A．Its impact. B．Its findings. C．Its limitations. D．Its significance. 29．What may facial expressiveness serve as in negotiation settings? A．A way to frighten competitors. B．A method to hide personalities. C．A tool to show personal quality. D．A strategy to settle disagreement. 30．What does the underlined word “decipher” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Copy. B．Overlook. C．Remember D．Interpret. 31．What may the author advise based on the findings of the study? A．Always wearing a still face. B．Learning to be an open book. C．Speaking out inner emotions. D．Forcing a smile through tears. 【答案】28．B 29．D 30．D 31．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项科学研究，研究表明面部表情丰富的人在社交中有显著优势，这种优势可以转化为具体的社交利益。文章最后指出，对于大多数人来说，让自己的脸反映内心的状态和意图可以引发更热烈的反应。 28．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The study, led by Eithne Kavanagh, a research fellow at NTU’s School of Social Sciences, involving over 1,300 participants, noticed striking variations in how much people moved their faces during conversations. Importantly, this expressiveness emerged as a stable individual quality. People displayed similar levels of facial expressiveness across different contexts, with different social partners, and even over time periods up to four months. (这项研究由诺丁汉特伦特大学社会科学学院研究员Eithne Kavanagh领导，有1300多名参与者。研究注意到人们在谈话中面部动作的多少存在显著差异。重要的是，这种表现力成为一种稳定的个人品质。人们在不同的情境中、与不同的社交伙伴在一起时，甚至在长达四个月的时间段内，都表现出相似程度的面部表情丰富度。)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究发现人们在谈话中面部动作的多少存在显著差异，而且是一种稳定的个人品质。因此，本段主要在讲这项研究的发现。故选B项。 29．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In a negotiation task, more expressive individuals are more likely to secure a larger slice of a reward. The researchers suggest that for agreeable folks, dynamic facial expressions may serve as a tool for building good relationship and smoothing over conflicts.(在谈判任务中，更有表现力的人更有可能获得更大的奖励。研究人员建议，对于和蔼可亲的人来说，动态面部表情可能是建立良好关系和缓和矛盾的工具)”可知，在谈判中，面部表情可能是建立良好关系和缓和矛盾的工具，帮助有表现力的人获得更大利益。因此，面部表情在谈判环境中可能作为一种解决分歧的策略。故选D项。 30．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more ‘readable,’ suggesting that a lively face makes one’s intentions and mental states easier for others to decipher. (表情丰富也与被认为更“可读”有关，这表明一张生动的脸让人的意图和精神状态更容易被decipher)”中“Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more ‘readable,’”可知，丰富的表情更“可读”，即更容易被理解和解读，所以“一张生动的脸更容易被人解读意图和精神状态”。划线词decipher与interpret同义，意为“解读”。故选D项。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The findings challenge the ‘poker face’ common belief that a still and unemotional appearance is always most advantageous. Instead, they suggest that for most people, allowing one’s face to mirror inner states and intentions can invite warmer reactions. (这些发现挑战了‘扑克脸’的普遍信念，即静止不动、面无表情的外表总是最有利的。相反，它们表明，对于大多数人来说，让自己的脸反映内心的状态和意图可以引发更热情的反应)”可知，研究表明面部表情丰富的人在社交中有显著优势，所以对于大多数人来说，让自己的脸反映内心的状态和意图可以引发更热情的反应。因此作者可能建议我们要学会像一本打开的书一样，不要隐藏自己的情感和意图，要通过面部表情表达出来。故选B项。 ( 58 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$