专题1 阅读理解之创新压轴题（研究报告类）-2025年江苏高考英语试题分类汇编

2025年江苏高考英语试题分类汇编 专题1 阅读理解之创新压轴题（研究报告类） 解题指导（超级实用干货，值得拥有） 2024年高考英语试题中的阅读C、D篇难度有所增加，其中研究报告类阅读是增加阅读难度的语篇之一。 研究报告类阅读难度分析：1.new topics 2.long and complicated sentences 3.abstract concepts 4.large vocabulary 5.different views 研究调查报告阅读方法及解题技巧：Step 1. 略读。在第一遍通读文章时，明确每段话的主题句，了解段落大意。（阅读过程中标记关键词：人名、专有名词、表结论/对比/因果等） Step 2. 梳理段落主题句，掌握文章架构，体会作者写作目的及意图。 Step 3. 做题。仔细阅读题干，判断题目与文章各个段落的相关性，二次精读时将选项代入对应段落，继而得出答案。 科普研究类文本结构：总的结构：研究的问题，对象，内容----研究的方法，过程---研究的结果，发现 1. 提出问题----（各类观点/背景信息）----实验发现----解决问题 2. 现象----原因----进一步推进----如何做到----进一步推进----总结 3.结论--实验--总结 结论是批旧立新；实验是设立参照组；总结是照应结论和展望未来。 命题点是：结论是什么？实验说明了什么？未来是什么？ 干扰项特点：截取关键句或非关键句的部分词汇生造一个逻辑，可以说是无中生有或张冠李戴，偷换概念。 注意：即使选项每个词文中都有，也要留意这是命题人可能在用熟悉词来混淆视线。 阅读技巧：1. 把握首段/尾段/及段落主题句（段首句） 2. 通过每个段落主题句快速掌握文章结构 3. 把握关键词/并忽略无关紧要的修饰词 4. 耐心分析与解题相关的长难句 把握说明方法，抓准关键词：阅读中重要的信息位置（需圈画或关注）： 1.首段尾段 2.段首句 3.转折处 4.引语处 5.因果处 6.目的状语 7.特殊标点符号处，如破折号 说明方法：举例子、做比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图标、引用、假设、对比或类比等。 圈画标志性的用词，关注研究发现的结果：find/discover/prove/indicate/state/stress/explain/show/for example/ for instance/define/compare/cause 表示上下文逻辑关系的词： 例证关系 For example, for instance, in fact/ as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/ that is to say… 转折关系 But, however, yet, or/otherwise, instead, still, while/though/although, on the contrary, nevertheless(然而), in contrast/ comparison,  by comparison 因果关系 So, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result (of), so/such…that…,  so that… 递进关系 Besides, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse,  not only…but also…, even, as well 并列关系 And, first, then/ next, to begin with, some…others…,  for one thing, for another… 常见设题：1. 与研究结论有关的题目 研究结论是此类文章的必考内容。考查形式主要有两种：研究发现和最佳标题。研究结论通常在某些固定句型之后，比如： Experts say ... 专家说…… Scientists reported that ... 科学家有报告称…… Scientists have found that ... 科学家已经发现…… Researchers suggested that ... 研究人员表明…… The researchers noted that ... 研究人员注意到…… The researchers found that ... 研究人员发现…… Research revealed that ... 研究表明…… A new report found ... 一份新的报告发现…… A new study shows that ... 一项新的研究表明…… Data shows that ... 数据说明…… The report data shows that ... 报告数据显示…… some data in the report shows that...and indicates that ... 报告中的一些数据表明……并显示…… One of his first findings was that ... 他的第一个发现是…… According to the reports key findings ... 根据报告的主要发现…… 2、与研究目的有关的题目：研究目的题关注不定式，包括to do， in order to do， so as to do，be designed to ; 也可能用以下句式：The purpose / aim is ... 3.与研究方法和过程有关的题目：这类题目属于细节题。解题的关键在于带着题干中的关键词在文中快速定位，找到答案依据。注意长难句的分析，圈画结构词，尤其是比较结构。 长难句分析：一划 (二括) “三会意” ①划 trunk(主干部分): 主S.+谓V.+宾(O.)… ②括modifiers 修饰语部分：介短，从句，非谓语 ③圈画结构词，并列结构and/or, 转折but, 比较compare…with/to…，more …than…, as/so…as…, 范围from… to… 4. 与文章出处有关的题目：这类题目实际上是送分题，因为科研报告多数选自报刊杂志等的科学栏目（column)。 阅读中重要的信息位置：1.首段尾段2.段落首句3.转折处4.引语处5.因果处 6.目的状语 7.特殊标点符号处 江苏高考模拟实操演练（江苏模拟试题难度够足）： 1.（2025·江苏省如皋中学高三考试）D Shadows are often associated with darkness and uncertainty. Now, researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) are giving shadows a positive spin by demonstrating a way to harness this common but often overlooked optical (光学的) effect to generate electricity. The team created a device called a shadow-effect energy generator (SEG), which makes use of the contrast in illumination (照明) between lit and shadowed areas to generate electricity. It’s made up of a series of thin strips of gold film on a silicon layer, which is then placed on a flexible plastic base. “In conventional optoelectronics (光电子学) where a steady source of light is used to power devices, shadows are undesirable, since they degrade the performance of devices. In this work, we took advantage of the illumination contrast caused by shadows as an indirect source of power. The contrast in illumination causes a voltage (电压) difference between the shadow and illuminated sections, resulting in an electric current. This novel concept of harvesting energy in the presence of shadows is unprecedented.” explained research team leader Professor Tan Swee Ching. Mobile electronic devices such as smart phones, smart glasses and e-watches require efficient and continuous power supply. As these devices are worn both indoors and outdoors, wearable power sources that could harness surrounding light can potentially improve the function of these devices. While commercially available solar cells can perform this role in an outdoor environment, their energy harvesting efficiency drops significantly under indoor conditions where shadows are persistent. This new approach to maximizing the efficiency of energy harvesting is both exciting and timely. “When the whole SEG is under illumination or in shadow, the amount of electricity generated is very low or none at all. When a part of the SEG is illuminated, a significant electrical output is detected. We also found that the best surface area for electricity generation is when half of the SEG is illuminated and the other half in shadow, as this gives enough area for charge generation and collection respectively.” said co- team leader Professor Andrew Wee. The NUS researchers are also looking at developing wearable SEGs attached to clothing to harvest energy during normal daily activities. Another promising area of research is the development of low- cost SEG for efficient harvesting of energy from indoor lighting. 32．Why are shadows considered undesirable in traditional optoelectronics? A．They serve no useful purpose. B．They weaken device performance. C．They are rare in outdoor conditions. D．They are difficult to control or predict. 33．What do we know about the SEG? A．It’s specially designed to work in open areas. B．It will replace existing solar cells once and for all. C．It’s most effective when fully positioned in light or in shadow. D．It requires a balance of light and shadow to maximize electricity generation. 34．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The SEG is unlikely to work efficiently in dark places. B．The researchers are looking to reduce the cost of the SEG. C．The development of SEG is limited by its high production cost. D．The researchers are developing wearable SEGs attached to smart phones. 35．What does the text mainly talk about? A．An innovative use of shadows to generate electricity. B．The problems with shadows in conventional optoelectronics. C．The challenges of adapting technology for wearable devices. D．A need for efficient power supply in mobile electronic devices. 2.（2025·江苏省淮安市高三开学考试）D Superhighways of vessels (血管) beneath our skin transport blood and nutrients. These natural pathways branch out like tree limbs to help our body move food and oxygen to our organs. Our bodies make vessels naturally, but bioengineers also want to make them artificially. And now a team of engineers has found a cool new way to do that in the lab: They use ice. To make the vessels, the engineers first needed a template (模板) from which to build the tissue. “Originally, we were trying to do this with wax (蜡),” says Ozdoganlar, a mechanical engineer who’s leading the new vessel-building project at Carnegie Mellon University. But wax proved “too soft,” he says. “And it’s not necessarily biocompatible (生物兼容的),” or suitable for use in the body. Then they thought of Elsa’s magic in a Disney movie Frozen. Ice seemed like a good alternative to wax. It costs little and is readily available. And since it’s not poisonous, the body won’t reject it. And printing the ice template is simple. First, engineers program its shape into a 3-D printer. The printer then drops water onto a very cold surface. The printer repeats this process until the vessel’s shape is complete. In all, it takes less than 30 seconds. This icy vessel template is then encased in gelatin, a clear substance without any taste. Shining ultraviolet light on the gelatin hardens it as the ice melts away. What’s left are realistic-looking channels for blood to move through. So far, the Carnegie Mellon team has tested the gel channels with endothelial cells. These are the cells that line the inner walls of blood vessels. In one experiment, those cells survived two weeks lining the artificial vessels. This is promising, but there is still a long way to go before such replacement vessels could be transplanted into people. In the future, such artificial vessels could be used as part of lab-made organs to save the lives of people urgently awaiting donated organs for transplant. “This is really a game changer,” says Ozdoganlar. 12．What inspired the team of engineers to use ice instead? A．The movie Frozen. B．Its low cost. C．The new project. D．Its easy availability. 13．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The differences between ice and wax. B．The reason for printing the ice template. C．The application of 3-D printing technology. D．The advantages of ice as vessel printing stuff. 14．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．The lab can mass produce organs for use. B．The technology is not yet mature at this point. C．The artificial vessels will be put to use soon. D．The organ transplantation is easier to perform. 15．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To sing high praise for engineers’ work. B．To make known a technical innovation. C．To promote vessels made by using ice. D．To encourage technological innovation. 3.（江苏省七校联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期第一次联考）C Eating a plant- based diet has been shown to be very good for your heart and your overall health. In fact, a recent study found a young person could live an additional 13 years by eating more vegetables and legumes (豆类), as well as whole grains, fruit and nuts. Which makes the findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400,000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time. “Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (cardiovascular disease),” said Qi Feng, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, in a statement. While the study found eating raw veggies could protect against heart disease, cooked vegetables did not. Any benefit went away when researchers factored in lifestyle factors such as physical activity, educational level, smoking, drinking, fruit intake, red and processed meat consumption, and use of mineral and vitamin supplements. “Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏差)… related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle,” Feng said. Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study’s conclusion “Although this study found that eating more vegetables wasn’t associated with a lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases once other lifestyle and other factors were taken into account, that doesn’t mean we should stop eating vegetables,” said Victoria Taylor, a senior dietitian at the British Heart Foundation, in a statement. “The results are not surprising. Picking out one single component and assuming just adding it to the diet, e. g., vegetables, is not likely to result in the desired effect,” Alice Lichtenstein, director and senior scientist at Tufts University’s Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, told CNN in an email. “One thing that has become clear over the past decade is we should not be looking at single food s or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern,” said Lichtenstein. 8．What can we learn from the new study led by Feng? A．It followed a young UK person for 13 years. B．Its findings came as no surprise to other people. C．It overturned the conclusion of previous studies. D．Its purpose was to find the right vegetables for people. 9．What did Feng imply about vegetables’ protective effect? A．It was totally made up by some researchers. B．It still held true despite some different findings. C．It could only be achieved by living a healthy lifestyle. D．It was a misconception caused by differences in people. 10．Which of following is closest in meaning to underlined phrase“ take exception to”? A．Voice objections to. B．Add details to. C．Display ignorance of. D．Take notice of. 11．What did Lichtenstein think of the study? A．It was groundbreaking. B．It was one- sided. C．It would cause confusion. D．It needed more evidence. 4.（江苏省七校联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期第一次联考）D My father started learning French at 57, drawn by the potential benefits of bilingualism (双语能力) in delaying dementia (失智症). Now, 20 years later, he’s on his third teacher. Many people like my father have attempted to pick up a new language. But can this really boost brain health? According to experts, regularly using a new language brings cognitive (认知的) benefits. If you’re trying to recall the right words in another language, your brain is forced to inhibit your mother tongue. This process, called cognitive inhibition, helps improve your brain function. Repeating this process makes your brain more resistant to diseases like dementia. The more you challenge your brain, the better it functions, even if your brain health starts to decline. However, evidence for the benefits of learning a second language in your 60s is weaker. Research by Dr. Leo Antoniou found that older Italians who took English lessons for four months didn’t see any difference in their cognition scores, but people who didn’t saw their scores decline. Prof. Diana Smith’s 2023 studies found similar results. Researchers offered a few potential explanations for their disappointing results. One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, probably of high cognitive level for their age, making it hard to see any improvements. “When choosing participants, we have to be careful, are they really representative of the population?” said Dr. Judith Ware. Another is that the language interventions were perhaps too short. These studies have used language lessons that “were very different in their length and frequency,” said Prof. Laura Grossman. To Dr. Antoniou, the limited findings are not entirely surprising. No one would say that learning a new language for six months would be the same as having used two languages for your entire life. But he does think that language lessons can provide cognitive benefits by being cognitively stimulating. Perhaps more important, Prof. Grossman said, learning another language offers other potential advantages, like traveling or connecting with new communities. My father, for example, has remained pen friends with his first teacher and traveled to France numerous times. And at 76, he’s as sharp as ever. 12．What happens in the process of “cognitive inhibition”? A．Memory improves. B．Brain health worsens. C．Dementia is cured. D．Native language is held back. 13．Which is a possible explanation for the disappointing research results? A．The poor choice of research participants. B．The great length of the language course. C．The intervention of the first language. D．The age difference of the research subjects. 14．Whose opinion does the author support by mentioning his father’s experience? A．Leo Antoniou’s. B．Diana Smith’s. C．Laura Grossman’s. D．Judith Ware’s. 15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Is it never too late to learn a new language? B．Can learning a new language delay dementia? C．Why does my father start learning a new language? D．How does learning a new language benefit aging brain? 5.（2025·江苏省盐城市盐城八校高三上学期开学考试）C Our brains have an “auto- correct” feature that we use when re- interpreting ambiguous (含混不清的) sounds, according to new research. The study sheds light on how the brain uses information gathered after the discovering of an initial sound to aid speech comprehension. The findings point to new ways we use information and context to aid in speech comprehension. “What a person thinks they hear does not always match the actual signals that reach the ear,” explains lead author Laura Gwilliams. “This is because the brain re-evaluates the interpretation of a speech sound at the moment each following speech sound is heard in order to update interpretations as necessary,” Gwilliams says. It’s well known that the perception of a speech sound is determined by its surrounding context — in the form of words, sentences and other speech sounds. This plays out in everyday life — when we talk, the actual speech we produce is often ambiguous. For example, when a friend says she has a “dent (凹痕) ” in her car, you may hear “tent”. Although this kind of ambiguity happens regularly, we, as listeners, are hardly aware of it. “This is because the brain automatically resolves the ambiguity for us — it picks an interpretation and that’s what we perceive to hear, ” explains Gwilliams. “The way the brain does this is by using the surrounding context to narrow down the possibilities of what the speaker may mean.” In the study, the researchers sought to understand how the brain uses this following information to adjust our perception of what we initially heard. To do this, they conducted a series of experiments in which the subjects listened to isolated syllables and similarly sounding words. Their results produced three primary findings: The brain’s primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) is sensitive to how ambiguous a speech sound is at just 50 milliseconds after the sound’s appearance. The brain “replays” previous speech sounds while interpreting the following ones, suggesting re-evaluation as the rest of the word unfolds. The brain makes commitments to its “best guess” of how to interpret the signal after about half a second. 8．What is the study mainly about? A．Why some people process information faster. B．How brains tell apart useful information. C．How brains understand unclear words. D．Why people make unclear sounds. 9．What does the author want to show by giving the example in Paragraph 3? A．People are likely to mistake a word for something familiar. B．People can understand others even if they mishear a word. C．People are more likely to mishear their friends. D．It is normal for people to make unclear sounds. 10．What do we know about the unclear words in the experiments? A．They stopped us thinking further. B．They led to misunderstanding. C．They were noticed instantly. D．They seemed to be useless. 11．What does the underlined part “the signal” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The following speech sound. B．The unclearly sounding word. C．The similarly sounding word. D．The isolated syllable. 6.（2025·江苏省盐城市盐城八校高三上学期开学考试）D On Inaccessible Island, you hear the sound of the Inaccessible Island rails (秧鸡) everywhere. The small flightless birds move around, feeding on worms and berries. During a trip in 2011, it took days for Stervander, then a doctoral student, to spot one. “Even then, you see something little and dark, running for a second, and that’s about it,” he says. Catching one, though, proved easy. When scientists played a recording of the bird’s call, a male and female ran into the net a few minutes later. Inaccessible Island rails live only on Inaccessible Island. “No one knew the history,” says Stervander, now a research fellow at the University of Oregon. He aimed to answer the question about these birds: How did they get to Inaccessible Island to begin with? The first scientist to describe the rail was Percy Lowe. He thought the bird was from Africa and had always been flightless. In his view, it had arrived at the island by walking over land bridges. But now the science of plate tectonics (板块构造论) suggests that’s not the case. In a recent paper, Stervander and his colleagues give evidence for a different version. After studying the genome (基因组) of the rails, scientists found the Inaccessible Island rail’s closest relative — the crake in Uruguay. Both birds are related to the black rail in America. The finding suggests the ancestors of these birds could fly. That means Inaccessible Island rails flew to their present home, and like many birds living on islands with no predators (捕食者), they gradually lost the ability to fly. Flying takes energy, so if there’s no reason to fly, it’s more practical not to. On this island, there’s a growing population of rails, but they’re fragile. Should a predator reach the island, it could make quick work of the birds. People on nearby islands are careful to avoid introducing any predators to Inaccessible Island, and the risk is low, given how hard it is to get there. For now, the rails live peacefully in a place where few humans are eager to go. 12．What can we learn about the Inaccessible Island rails? A．They are hard to trap. B．They can be seen everywhere. C．They move around quickly. D．They are not afraid of humans. 13．What caused the Inaccessible Island rails to become flightless? A．Their lack of energy. B．Their living environment. C．Their way to search for food. D．Their connection with their ancestors. 14．Which best describes the present situation of the Inaccessible Island rails? A．Safe. B．Tough. C．Unexpected. D．Dangerous. 15．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Development of Rails on Inaccessible Island B．The Need to Protect Flightless Inaccessible Island Rails C．How Did the Flightless Bird Get to Inaccessible Island? D．Why are Inaccessible Island Rails Limited on the Island? 7.（2025·江苏省盐城市五校联考高三上学期10月月考） Are you an open book, your face broadcasting every passing emotion, or more of a poker face, not showing what you are feeling? Scientists at Nottingham Trent University say that wearing your heart on your face, could actually give you a significant social advantage. The study, led by Eithne Kavanagh, a research fellow at NTU’s School of Social Sciences, involving over 1,300 participants, noticed striking variations in how much people moved their faces during conversations. Importantly, this expressiveness emerged as a stable individual quality. People displayed similar levels of facial expressiveness across different contexts, with different social partners, and even over time periods up to four months. The researchers say that facial expressiveness is linked to personality, with more agreeable individuals displaying more lively faces. Facial expressiveness can also translate into concrete social benefits. In a negotiation task, more expressive individuals are more likely to secure a larger slice of a reward. The researchers suggest that for agreeable folks, dynamic facial expressions may serve as a tool for building good relationship and smoothing over conflicts. Across the board, the results point to facial expressiveness serving an“ affiliative (亲和) function,” or a social glue that develops liking and smoother interactions. Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more “readable,” suggesting that a lively face makes one’s intentions and mental states easier for others to decipher. Beyond frequency of facial movements, people who employ facial expressions more strategically to suit social goals, such as looking friendly in a greeting, are also more well- liked. The findings challenge the “poker face” common belief that a still and unemotional appearance is always most advantageous. Instead, they suggest that for most people, allowing one’s face to mirror inner states and intentions can invite warmer reactions. As the researchers conclude, “Being facially expressive is socially advantageous.” So, the next time you catch yourself making lines on your forehead, or flashing a smile, know that your face just might be working overtime on your behalf. 28．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning the study? A．Its impact. B．Its findings. C．Its limitations. D．Its significance. 29．What may facial expressiveness serve as in negotiation settings? A．A way to frighten competitors. B．A method to hide personalities. C．A tool to show personal quality. D．A strategy to settle disagreement. 30．What does the underlined word “decipher” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Copy. B．Overlook. C．Remember D．Interpret. 31．What may the author advise based on the findings of the study? A．Always wearing a still face. B．Learning to be an open book. C．Speaking out inner emotions. D．Forcing a smile through tears. 8.（2025·江苏省常州联盟校高三上学期10月月考） Wild chimpanzees are recognized for eating a wide variety of plant matter, which complicates researchers’ ability to determine whether they actively look for medicinal plants to heal themselves or simply consume plants that happen to have medicinal properties. At the Budongo Central Forest Reserve in Uganda, University of Oxford researchers studied the behaviors and health of 51 wild chimpanzees from two habituated groups. They noted a male chimpanzee with a hand injury searching for and eating fern leaves, which might have eased pain and swelling. Additionally, they observed another ill chimpanzee consuming parts of a cat-thorn tree. The team also tested the plant species in the reserve, which they suspected were being consumed by the chimpanzees to self-medicate, for anti-inflammatory (抗炎) and antibacterial (抗菌) characteristics. The species included plants not part of the chimpanzees’ normal diet, but being consumed for their healing characteristics. The authors found 88% of the plant species had antibacterial characteristics, arresting the growth of bacteria, while 33% of them had anti- inflammatory characteristics. Deadwood from a tree in the Dogbane family showed the strongest antibacterial activity and also had anti-inflammatory characteristics, suggesting it could be used to treat wounds, they said. Roots from the East African mahogany tree and leaves from fem were found to exhibit potential anti-inflammatory effects. The results suggested that chimpanzees looked for and ate specific plants for their medicinal effects, and the study was one of the first to document evidence of this kind, the authors said. Team member Fabien Schultz hopes that the findings might lead to promising candidates for human medicines. “What if human lives can be saved by following the ways of our animal relatives?” he says. 32．Why is it challenging to determine if chimpanzees intentionally seek out medicinal plants? A．Medicinal plants are rare in the forest. B．Chimpanzees consume a wide variety of plant matter. C．Chimpanzees hide themselves when they are sick or injured. D．Researchers can hardly observe chimpanzees in the thick forest. 33．Which of the following might have the most powerful antibacterial effects? A．Dogbane trees. B．Leaves of ferns. C．Cat-thorn trees. D．East African mahogany tree roots. 34．What potential benefit does Fabien Schultz hope to achieve from the findings? A．Identifying new human medicines. B．Developing new animal care techniques. C．Improving chimpanzee health in the wild. D．Discovering new food sources for humans. 35．What is the best title for the text? A．The Diet of Wild Chimpanzees B．The Medicinal Characteristics of Plants C．The Dietary Habits of Wild Chimpanzees D．Chimpanzees Using Plants for Self-Medication 9.（2025·江苏省扬州市高邮市高三上学期10月月考） Decades’ worth of research links physical activity with positive changes in the brain. In children, for example, physical activity is associated with better cognitive (认知的) performance. Studies on older adults show that regular exercise reduces the risk of developing Alzheimer’s (阿尔茨海默病). And imaging studies confirm that the volume of the hippocampus — a brain region associated with memory and mental mapping — is larger in individuals who are more physically active compared to those who spend a lot of time sitting down. Around 2002, scientists began to realize moving muscles produced molecules (分子) that get released into the bloodstream and provide benefits to faraway organs. In 2012 Bruce Spiegelman, a cell biologist, and his workmates discovered irisin, a new type of molecule released by exercised muscles. When muscle cells produce irisin, it increases levels of another protein called brain- derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Just last year Wrann, a neuroscientist at Massachusetts General Hospital, tested irisin’s role in exercise and cognitive function. Her team compared mice who were genetically engineered to lack iris in with mice who could still produce the molecule. After exercise, the normal mice performed better on a task that relied on cognitive skills. The mice lacking irisin didn’t show this same improvement. When Wrann’s team examined the mice’s brains, they saw that both groups of mice produced neurons (神经元) in response to exercise. When the gene to produce irisin was returned to the brains of mice lacking the protein, the mice also performed better on the same task. Irisin has an identical molecular structure in mice and humans, Wrann says, which suggests that it serves similar functions in both species, and so the findings may have practical applications in medicine. From the perspective of drug development, “irisin certainly is promising, especially given the data about its effect in human brain.” says Christoph Handschin, a muscle researcher and professor of pharmocology (药理学) . 32．What do the findings in paragraph 1 show? A．Exercise has great benefits to our brain. B．The brain is changing all through our life. C．Physical activity is key to fighting Alzheimer’s. D．The hippocampus has little to do with cognition. 33．What can we learn about irisin from paragraph 2? A．It governs human exercise. B．It is a special type of BDNF. C．It increases the volume of BDNF. D．It is mainly produced by the brain. 34．What has Wrann’s team concluded from their experiment? A．Irisin promotes cognitive ability. B．Certain genes are in charge of irisin. C．Neurons are only produced in exercise. D．Some mice are unable to produce irisin. 35．Which statement might both Wrann and Handschin agree with? A．It seems risky to use irisin to treat human patients. B．It is possible to discover more functions for irisin. C．Irisin found in mice and humans differs enormously. D．Irisin may be used to improve human brain function. 10.（2025·江苏省苏州高三上学期期初学业质量阳光指标调研）C We all notice bright colors. People who choose to go eye-catching, whether they express themselves through clothes or accessories (配饰), hear everything from “No one is going to miss you at the party” to “I would never have the courage to wear that.” But according to research, those comments may be both accurate and expected. Adam D．Pazda and Christopher A．Thorstenson (2019) examined how we perceive people at first impression who wear bright colors. They specifically examined the effect of chroma (色度). They found that targets, both male and female, who were wearing or surrounded by high-chroma colors were perceived as more open and outgoing than in a low-chroma setting. They concluded that chroma is a variable of perception that can influence first impressions of personality. Drilling down further, they found that high-chroma colors strengthened viewer perspective of openness and extraversion (外向), but not other personalities. These observations are important because some job responsibilities capitalize on some of the personalities inferred through bright colors. Pazda and Thorstenson recognize what job seekers no doubt consider as they look for a career to match their personal nature: in some occupations, success is fueled by possessing certain personality qualities. They give examples of industries such as sales and marketing as well as customer service as fields where extraverts thrive (繁荣). Accordingly, applicants for these positions may be viewed more favorably and judged as more competent if they wear highly chromatic clothing. Regarding the generality of their results, Pazda and Thorstenson note that one of the limitations of their study was their use of participants living in the United States, which means their findings may not predict results in other cultures. They note the possibility that chroma may influence the perception of personality differently in non-Western countries, and that high-chroma clothing may be perceived as at odds with social norms in other cultures. The practical takeaway, at least in the United States, appears to be that bright colors, like the peacock’s tail, will get you noticed. But depending on your goals, consider tailoring your chroma to the circumstances, personally and professionally. 28．What is the focus of the study mentioned in the passage? A．The cultural implications of high chroma colors. B．The influence of clothing on viewer perceptions. C．The connection between clothing and job suitability. D．The impact of high chroma colors on first impression. 29．What does the underlined phrase “capitalize on” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Draw on. B．Approve of. C．Subscribe to. D．Dig up. 30．Which might be a limitation of the study? A．The culturally specific findings. B．The unmonitored research process. C．The outdated data analysis methods. D．The relatively insufficient theoretical basis. 31．What is the practical advice given by the author in the last paragraph? A．Reserve bright colors for social events. B．Always wear bright colors to be noticed. C．Avoid bright colors in professional settings. D．Use bright colors strategically based on your goals. 11.（2025·江苏省苏州高三上学期期初学业质量阳光指标调研）D In recent decades, experiments have begun to catch up with what people who work closely with animals have always known—that animals have an inner life, and consciousness isn’t uniquely human. Consciousness is a concept that is extremely difficult to define. There have been many attempts: is it awareness, or awareness of that awareness, or self-awareness instead? But a useful working definition might be that it is any kind of subjective experience, ranging from how we perceive the external world to our inner thoughts and emotions. Because you can never be inside another living being’s head, questions of consciousness are both hard to answer and open to bias (偏见). Findings of experiments inspired a group of scientists in April to write The New York Declaration Animal Consciousness, which now has over 300 supporters. It states that there is “strong scientific support for conscious experience” in mammals and birds and “at least a realistic possibility of conscious experience” in fish and other species. That animals have some form of inner life must surely be self-evident to many people who live or work with them, just as I would guess that most carers of newborn babies don’t see these infant as senseless automatic machines. The experiences of people with thorough knowledge of either have historically, been viewed as subjective and biased, as emotional connection tends to influence logical reasoning. Our consciousness leads us to over-empathize with others we cannot truly know, the argument goes. But, as the biologist Marc Bekoff wrote, if we humans have something, then other animals are likely to have it too. I personally feel that attempts to divorce emotion, feeling and experience from how we see animals can be as unscientific. For too long, we assumed that humans are unique and animals don’t feel pain or emotions the way that we do, a convenient but cruel null hypothesis (无效假设), when we could have started from the position that perhaps they do instead. 32．Which is a key characteristic of consciousness according to the passage? A．It means any emotional experience of humans. B．It refers to individual’s subjective experience. C．It is all about how we perceive the external world. D．It refers to a common quality shared by all animals. 33．Why are the carers of newborn babies mentioned? A．To show that animals are just as conscious as human babies. B．To help readers understand why animals possess consciousness. C．To argue against the view of people living or working with animals. D．To explain why animal carers would assume animals have an inner life. 34．What might be the author’s attitude towards Marc Bckoff’s assumption about animal emotions? A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Supportive. D．Uncertain. 35．which can be the best title of the passage? A．Consciousness Improved Through Practice B．Questions of Human Consciousness Answered C．Factors Affecting Animal Consciousness Discovered D．Conscious Experience Found in Certain Animal Species ( 58 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年江苏高考英语试题分类汇编 专题1 阅读理解之创新压轴题（研究报告类） 解题指导（超级实用干货，值得拥有） 2024年高考英语试题中的阅读C、D篇难度有所增加，其中研究报告类阅读是增加阅读难度的语篇之一。 研究报告类阅读难度分析：1.new topics 2.long and complicated sentences 3.abstract concepts 4.large vocabulary 5.different views 研究调查报告阅读方法及解题技巧：Step 1. 略读。在第一遍通读文章时，明确每段话的主题句，了解段落大意。（阅读过程中标记关键词：人名、专有名词、表结论/对比/因果等） Step 2. 梳理段落主题句，掌握文章架构，体会作者写作目的及意图。 Step 3. 做题。仔细阅读题干，判断题目与文章各个段落的相关性，二次精读时将选项代入对应段落，继而得出答案。 科普研究类文本结构：总的结构：研究的问题，对象，内容----研究的方法，过程---研究的结果，发现 1. 提出问题----（各类观点/背景信息）----实验发现----解决问题 2. 现象----原因----进一步推进----如何做到----进一步推进----总结 3.结论--实验--总结 结论是批旧立新；实验是设立参照组；总结是照应结论和展望未来。 命题点是：结论是什么？实验说明了什么？未来是什么？ 干扰项特点：截取关键句或非关键句的部分词汇生造一个逻辑，可以说是无中生有或张冠李戴，偷换概念。 注意：即使选项每个词文中都有，也要留意这是命题人可能在用熟悉词来混淆视线。 阅读技巧：1. 把握首段/尾段/及段落主题句（段首句） 2. 通过每个段落主题句快速掌握文章结构 3. 把握关键词/并忽略无关紧要的修饰词 4. 耐心分析与解题相关的长难句 把握说明方法，抓准关键词：阅读中重要的信息位置（需圈画或关注）： 1.首段尾段 2.段首句 3.转折处 4.引语处 5.因果处 6.目的状语 7.特殊标点符号处，如破折号 说明方法：举例子、做比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图标、引用、假设、对比或类比等。 圈画标志性的用词，关注研究发现的结果：find/discover/prove/indicate/state/stress/explain/show/for example/ for instance/define/compare/cause 表示上下文逻辑关系的词： 例证关系 For example, for instance, in fact/ as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/ that is to say… 转折关系 But, however, yet, or/otherwise, instead, still, while/though/although, on the contrary, nevertheless(然而), in contrast/ comparison,  by comparison 因果关系 So, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result (of), so/such…that…,  so that… 递进关系 Besides, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse,  not only…but also…, even, as well 并列关系 And, first, then/ next, to begin with, some…others…,  for one thing, for another… 常见设题：1. 与研究结论有关的题目 研究结论是此类文章的必考内容。考查形式主要有两种：研究发现和最佳标题。研究结论通常在某些固定句型之后，比如： Experts say ... 专家说…… Scientists reported that ... 科学家有报告称…… Scientists have found that ... 科学家已经发现…… Researchers suggested that ... 研究人员表明…… The researchers noted that ... 研究人员注意到…… The researchers found that ... 研究人员发现…… Research revealed that ... 研究表明…… A new report found ... 一份新的报告发现…… A new study shows that ... 一项新的研究表明…… Data shows that ... 数据说明…… The report data shows that ... 报告数据显示…… some data in the report shows that...and indicates that ... 报告中的一些数据表明……并显示…… One of his first findings was that ... 他的第一个发现是…… According to the reports key findings ... 根据报告的主要发现…… 2、与研究目的有关的题目：研究目的题关注不定式，包括to do， in order to do， so as to do，be designed to ; 也可能用以下句式：The purpose / aim is ... 3.与研究方法和过程有关的题目：这类题目属于细节题。解题的关键在于带着题干中的关键词在文中快速定位，找到答案依据。注意长难句的分析，圈画结构词，尤其是比较结构。 长难句分析：一划 (二括) “三会意” ①划 trunk(主干部分): 主S.+谓V.+宾(O.)… ②括modifiers 修饰语部分：介短，从句，非谓语 ③圈画结构词，并列结构and/or, 转折but, 比较compare…with/to…，more …than…, as/so…as…, 范围from… to… 4. 与文章出处有关的题目：这类题目实际上是送分题，因为科研报告多数选自报刊杂志等的科学栏目（column)。 阅读中重要的信息位置：1.首段尾段2.段落首句3.转折处4.引语处5.因果处 6.目的状语7.特殊标点符号处 江苏高考模拟实操演练（江苏模拟试题难度够足）： 1.（2025·江苏省如皋中学高三考试）D Shadows are often associated with darkness and uncertainty. Now, researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) are giving shadows a positive spin by demonstrating a way to harness this common but often overlooked optical (光学的) effect to generate electricity. The team created a device called a shadow-effect energy generator (SEG), which makes use of the contrast in illumination (照明) between lit and shadowed areas to generate electricity. It’s made up of a series of thin strips of gold film on a silicon layer, which is then placed on a flexible plastic base. “In conventional optoelectronics (光电子学) where a steady source of light is used to power devices, shadows are undesirable, since they degrade the performance of devices. In this work, we took advantage of the illumination contrast caused by shadows as an indirect source of power. The contrast in illumination causes a voltage (电压) difference between the shadow and illuminated sections, resulting in an electric current. This novel concept of harvesting energy in the presence of shadows is unprecedented.” explained research team leader Professor Tan Swee Ching. Mobile electronic devices such as smart phones, smart glasses and e-watches require efficient and continuous power supply. As these devices are worn both indoors and outdoors, wearable power sources that could harness surrounding light can potentially improve the function of these devices. While commercially available solar cells can perform this role in an outdoor environment, their energy harvesting efficiency drops significantly under indoor conditions where shadows are persistent. This new approach to maximizing the efficiency of energy harvesting is both exciting and timely. “When the whole SEG is under illumination or in shadow, the amount of electricity generated is very low or none at all. When a part of the SEG is illuminated, a significant electrical output is detected. We also found that the best surface area for electricity generation is when half of the SEG is illuminated and the other half in shadow, as this gives enough area for charge generation and collection respectively.” said co- team leader Professor Andrew Wee. The NUS researchers are also looking at developing wearable SEGs attached to clothing to harvest energy during normal daily activities. Another promising area of research is the development of low- cost SEG for efficient harvesting of energy from indoor lighting. 32．Why are shadows considered undesirable in traditional optoelectronics? A．They serve no useful purpose. B．They weaken device performance. C．They are rare in outdoor conditions. D．They are difficult to control or predict. 33．What do we know about the SEG? A．It’s specially designed to work in open areas. B．It will replace existing solar cells once and for all. C．It’s most effective when fully positioned in light or in shadow. D．It requires a balance of light and shadow to maximize electricity generation. 34．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The SEG is unlikely to work efficiently in dark places. B．The researchers are looking to reduce the cost of the SEG. C．The development of SEG is limited by its high production cost. D．The researchers are developing wearable SEGs attached to smart phones. 35．What does the text mainly talk about? A．An innovative use of shadows to generate electricity. B．The problems with shadows in conventional optoelectronics. C．The challenges of adapting technology for wearable devices. D．A need for efficient power supply in mobile electronic devices. 【答案】32．B 33．D 34．B 35．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新的可产生电的发明，该发明利用明亮和阴影区域之间的照明对比来发电，该设备被称为“阴影效应能量发生器”。 32．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“In conventional optoelectronics where a steady source of light is used to power devices, shadows are undesirable, since they degrade the performance of devices.(在传统的光电子技术中，使用稳定的光源为设备供电，阴影是不可取的，因为它们会降低设备的性能。)”可知，阴影不可取的原因在于它们会降低设备的性能。故选B项。 33．推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“We also found that the best surface area for electricity generation is when half of the SEG is illuminated and the other half in shadow, as this gives enough area for charge generation and collection respectively.(我们还发现，发电的最佳表面积是当SEG的一半被照亮而另一半处于阴影中时，因为这分别为电荷的产生和收集提供了足够的面积。)”可知，当SEG的一半被照亮而另一半处于阴影中时，即，光影面积平衡时，可实现最佳发电表面积。由此可推知，它需要光和影的平衡来最大限度地发电。故选D项。 34．推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Another promising area of research is the development of low-cost SEG for efficient harvesting of energy from indoor lighting.(另一个有前景的研究领域是开发低成本的SEG，以有效地从室内照明中收集能量。)”可知，开发低成本的SEG是有前景的。由此可推知，研究人员在寻求降低SEG的成本。故选B项。 35．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Now, researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) are giving shadows a positive spin by demonstrating a way to harness this common but often overlooked optical (光学的) effect to generate electricity.(现在，新加坡国立大学的研究人员正在给阴影一个积极的转变，他们展示了一种利用这种常见但常被忽视的光学效应来发电的方法。)”和文章第二段内容“The team created a device called a shadow-effect energy generator (SEG), which makes use of the contrast in illumination between lit and shadowed areas to generate electricity.(该团队创建了一种称为阴影效应能量发生器（SEG）的设备，该设备利用明亮和阴影区域之间的照明对比来发电。)”可知，文章主要以“阴影效应能量发生器（SEG）”为话题，对其原理和应用进行了阐述。因此，选项A“An innovative use of shadows to generate electricity.(一种利用阴影发电的创新方法。)”可对文章内容进行概述。故选A项。 2.（2025·江苏省淮安市高三开学考试）D Superhighways of vessels (血管) beneath our skin transport blood and nutrients. These natural pathways branch out like tree limbs to help our body move food and oxygen to our organs. Our bodies make vessels naturally, but bioengineers also want to make them artificially. And now a team of engineers has found a cool new way to do that in the lab: They use ice. To make the vessels, the engineers first needed a template (模板) from which to build the tissue. “Originally, we were trying to do this with wax (蜡),” says Ozdoganlar, a mechanical engineer who’s leading the new vessel-building project at Carnegie Mellon University. But wax proved “too soft,” he says. “And it’s not necessarily biocompatible (生物兼容的),” or suitable for use in the body. Then they thought of Elsa’s magic in a Disney movie Frozen. Ice seemed like a good alternative to wax. It costs little and is readily available. And since it’s not poisonous, the body won’t reject it. And printing the ice template is simple. First, engineers program its shape into a 3-D printer. The printer then drops water onto a very cold surface. The printer repeats this process until the vessel’s shape is complete. In all, it takes less than 30 seconds. This icy vessel template is then encased in gelatin, a clear substance without any taste. Shining ultraviolet light on the gelatin hardens it as the ice melts away. What’s left are realistic-looking channels for blood to move through. So far, the Carnegie Mellon team has tested the gel channels with endothelial cells. These are the cells that line the inner walls of blood vessels. In one experiment, those cells survived two weeks lining the artificial vessels. This is promising, but there is still a long way to go before such replacement vessels could be transplanted into people. In the future, such artificial vessels could be used as part of lab-made organs to save the lives of people urgently awaiting donated organs for transplant. “This is really a game changer,” says Ozdoganlar. 12．What inspired the team of engineers to use ice instead? A．The movie Frozen. B．Its low cost. C．The new project. D．Its easy availability. 13．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The differences between ice and wax. B．The reason for printing the ice template. C．The application of 3-D printing technology. D．The advantages of ice as vessel printing stuff. 14．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．The lab can mass produce organs for use. B．The technology is not yet mature at this point. C．The artificial vessels will be put to use soon. D．The organ transplantation is easier to perform. 15．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To sing high praise for engineers’ work. B．To make known a technical innovation. C．To promote vessels made by using ice. D．To encourage technological innovation. 【答案】12．A 13．D 14．B 15．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了工程师们如何利用冰来在实验室中制造血管的新方法，详细描述了制造过程、使用的材料、实验结果以及未来应用前景。 12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段““Originally, we were trying to do this with wax (蜡),” says Ozdoganlar, a mechanical engineer who’s leading the new vessel-building project at Carnegie Mellon University. But wax proved “too soft,” he says. “And it’s not necessarily biocompatible (生物兼容的),” or suitable for use in the body. Then they thought of Elsa’s magic in a Disney movie Frozen.(“最初，我们尝试使用蜡来做这件事，”卡内基梅隆大学负责新血管制造项目的机械工程师Ozdoganlar说。但他表示，蜡“太软”，“而且不一定具有生物相容性”，即不适合在人体中使用。然后，他们想到了迪士尼电影《冰雪奇缘》中艾莎的魔法。)”可知，工程师们最初尝试使用蜡来制造血管模板，但蜡太软且不一定具有生物相容性。然后他们想到了迪士尼电影《冰雪奇缘》中艾莎的魔法，这启发了他们使用冰来制造血管模板。因此，电影《冰雪奇缘》是工程师们使用冰作为替代材料的灵感来源。故选A。 13．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Ice seemed like a good alternative to wax. It costs little and is readily available. And since it’s not poisonous, the body won’t reject it. And printing the ice template is simple.(冰似乎是蜡的一个很好的替代品。它成本低廉且易于获得。而且因为它无毒，所以身体不会排斥它。打印冰模板也很简单。)”以及全段内容可知，本段主要讲述了使用冰作为血管打印材料的优点，包括成本低廉、易于获得、无毒以及易于打印等。因此，该段主要讨论了冰作为血管打印材料的优势。故选D。 14．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In one experiment, those cells survived two weeks lining the artificial vessels. This is promising, but there is still a long way to go before such replacement vessels could be transplanted into people.(在一项实验中，这些细胞在人工血管内壁存活了两周。这很有希望，但在这种替代血管能够移植到人体之前，还有很长的路要走。)”可知，虽然人工血管已经在实验室中进行了测试，并且内皮细胞在人工血管内壁存活了两周，但是要将这种替代血管移植到人体中还需要很长时间的研究和发展。因此，我们可以推断出这项技术目前还不成熟，还需要进一步的研究和发展。故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Superhighways of vessels (血管) beneath our skin transport blood and nutrients. These natural pathways branch out like tree limbs to help our body move food and oxygen to our organs. Our bodies make vessels naturally, but bioengineers also want to make them artificially. And now a team of engineers has found a cool new way to do that in the lab: They use ice.(皮肤下的血管高速公路运输血液和营养物质。这些自然通道像树枝一样伸展开来，帮助我们的身体将食物和氧气输送到我们的器官。我们的身体会自然地制造血管，但生物工程师也想人工制造血管。现在，一组工程师在实验室里找到了一种很酷的新方法：他们使用冰。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了工程师们使用冰来制造血管的新技术，并详细描述了该技术的优点和实验过程。作者的主要目的是让读者了解这一技术创新。故选B。 3.（江苏省七校联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期第一次联考）C Eating a plant- based diet has been shown to be very good for your heart and your overall health. In fact, a recent study found a young person could live an additional 13 years by eating more vegetables and legumes (豆类), as well as whole grains, fruit and nuts. Which makes the findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400,000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time. “Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (cardiovascular disease),” said Qi Feng, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, in a statement. While the study found eating raw veggies could protect against heart disease, cooked vegetables did not. Any benefit went away when researchers factored in lifestyle factors such as physical activity, educational level, smoking, drinking, fruit intake, red and processed meat consumption, and use of mineral and vitamin supplements. “Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏差)… related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle,” Feng said. Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study’s conclusion “Although this study found that eating more vegetables wasn’t associated with a lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases once other lifestyle and other factors were taken into account, that doesn’t mean we should stop eating vegetables,” said Victoria Taylor, a senior dietitian at the British Heart Foundation, in a statement. “The results are not surprising. Picking out one single component and assuming just adding it to the diet, e. g., vegetables, is not likely to result in the desired effect,” Alice Lichtenstein, director and senior scientist at Tufts University’s Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, told CNN in an email. “One thing that has become clear over the past decade is we should not be looking at single food s or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern,” said Lichtenstein. 8．What can we learn from the new study led by Feng? A．It followed a young UK person for 13 years. B．Its findings came as no surprise to other people. C．It overturned the conclusion of previous studies. D．Its purpose was to find the right vegetables for people. 9．What did Feng imply about vegetables’ protective effect? A．It was totally made up by some researchers. B．It still held true despite some different findings. C．It could only be achieved by living a healthy lifestyle. D．It was a misconception caused by differences in people. 10．Which of following is closest in meaning to underlined phrase“ take exception to”? A．Voice objections to. B．Add details to. C．Display ignorance of. D．Take notice of. 11．What did Lichtenstein think of the study? A．It was groundbreaking. B．It was one- sided. C．It would cause confusion. D．It needed more evidence. 【答案】8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了吃蔬菜对心脏和整体健康都有好处，但是一项新的研究发现吃蔬菜不能降低患心脏病的风险，科学家对此有不同的看法。 8．推理判断题。根据第二段“Which makes the findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400,000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time. (这使得周一发表在《营养前沿》杂志上的一项对近40万英国成年人饮食的新分析结果相当令人震惊：长期食用蔬菜，尤其是煮熟的蔬菜，并不能降低患心脏病的风险。)”和第三段““Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (cardiovascular discase),” said Qi Feng, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, in a statement. (牛津大学的流行病学家Qi Feng在一份声明中说：“我们的大型研究没有发现蔬菜摄入对心血管疾病发生有保护作用的证据。”)”可推断这项研究发现烹饪过的蔬菜并不降低心脏病风险，颠覆了之前的研究结论。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据第五段““Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏差)… related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle,” Feng said. (“相反，我们的分析表明，蔬菜摄入对心血管疾病风险的表面保护作用很可能是由偏见造成的……与社会经济状况和生活方式的差异有关，” Feng说。)”可知Feng认为蔬菜摄入对心血管疾病风险的保护效果可能是由于社会经济状况和生活方式差异引起的偏见。故选D。 10．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. (讨厌素食者们，先别开始庆祝。)”和划线词所在句“Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study’s conclusion. (英国和美国的专家很快就对这项研究的结论…)”由此推断出是英国和美国的专家提出了异议，所以took exception to意思是“提出反对意见”和A选项Voice objections to同义，故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段““One thing that has become clear over the past decade is we should not be looking at single food s or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern,” said Lichtenstein. (Lichtenstein说：“在过去的十年里，有一件事变得很清楚，那就是我们不应该只关注单一的食物或营养素，而应该关注整个饮食模式。”)”可推知Lichtenstein认为这项研究是片面的，因为它只关注单一食物或营养素，而没有考虑整体饮食模式。故选B。 4.（江苏省七校联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期第一次联考）D My father started learning French at 57, drawn by the potential benefits of bilingualism (双语能力) in delaying dementia (失智症). Now, 20 years later, he’s on his third teacher. Many people like my father have attempted to pick up a new language. But can this really boost brain health? According to experts, regularly using a new language brings cognitive (认知的) benefits. If you’re trying to recall the right words in another language, your brain is forced to inhibit your mother tongue. This process, called cognitive inhibition, helps improve your brain function. Repeating this process makes your brain more resistant to diseases like dementia. The more you challenge your brain, the better it functions, even if your brain health starts to decline. However, evidence for the benefits of learning a second language in your 60s is weaker. Research by Dr. Leo Antoniou found that older Italians who took English lessons for four months didn’t see any difference in their cognition scores, but people who didn’t saw their scores decline. Prof. Diana Smith’s 2023 studies found similar results. Researchers offered a few potential explanations for their disappointing results. One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, probably of high cognitive level for their age, making it hard to see any improvements. “When choosing participants, we have to be careful, are they really representative of the population?” said Dr. Judith Ware. Another is that the language interventions were perhaps too short. These studies have used language lessons that “were very different in their length and frequency,” said Prof. Laura Grossman. To Dr. Antoniou, the limited findings are not entirely surprising. No one would say that learning a new language for six months would be the same as having used two languages for your entire life. But he does think that language lessons can provide cognitive benefits by being cognitively stimulating. Perhaps more important, Prof. Grossman said, learning another language offers other potential advantages, like traveling or connecting with new communities. My father, for example, has remained pen friends with his first teacher and traveled to France numerous times. And at 76, he’s as sharp as ever. 12．What happens in the process of “cognitive inhibition”? A．Memory improves. B．Brain health worsens. C．Dementia is cured. D．Native language is held back. 13．Which is a possible explanation for the disappointing research results? A．The poor choice of research participants. B．The great length of the language course. C．The intervention of the first language. D．The age difference of the research subjects. 14．Whose opinion does the author support by mentioning his father’s experience? A．Leo Antoniou’s. B．Diana Smith’s. C．Laura Grossman’s. D．Judith Ware’s. 15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Is it never too late to learn a new language? B．Can learning a new language delay dementia? C．Why does my father start learning a new language? D．How does learning a new language benefit aging brain? 【答案】12．D 13．A 14．C 15．B 【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要讨论了学习新语言是否能提高大脑健康，尤其是对于年纪较大的人来说，是否能延缓痴呆症的发生。 12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“If you’re trying to recall the right words in another language, your brain is forced to inhibit your mother tongue. This process, called cognitive inhibition, helps improve your brain function.”（如果你试图用另一种语言回忆正确的单词，你的大脑会被迫抑制你的母语。这个过程被称为认知抑制，有助于提高你的大脑功能。）可知，认知抑制的过程中，母语被抑制。故选D。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, probably of high cognitive level for their age, making it hard to see any improvements.”（一种可能的解释是参与者都是高度积极的志愿者，他们的认知水平可能已经很高，这使得改进变得难以察觉。）可知，研究结果不尽人意的一个可能的解释是研究参与者的选择不佳。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据第五段“But he does think that language lessons can provide cognitive benefits by being cognitively stimulating.”（但是他确实认为，语言课程可以通过认知刺激来提供认知益处。）和文章最后一段“My father, for example, has remained pen friends with his first teacher and traveled to France numerous times. And at 76, he’s as sharp as ever.”（例如，我的父亲一直与他的第一位老师保持笔友关系，并多次去法国旅行。现在他76岁了，他的头脑依然敏锐。）可知，作者通过提到他父亲的经历来支持Laura Grossman的观点，即学习另一种语言提供了其他潜在的优势，如旅行或与新的社区建立联系。故选C。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“My father started learning French at 57, drawn by the potential benefits of bilingualism (双语能力) in delaying dementia (失智症).”（我父亲57岁开始学习法语，被双语能力在延缓失智症方面的潜在好处所吸引。）以及“But can this really boost brain health?”（但这真的能促进大脑健康吗?）可知，短文的最佳标题为“学习一门新语言能延缓失智症吗？”。故选B。 5.（2025·江苏省盐城市盐城八校高三上学期开学考试）C Our brains have an “auto- correct” feature that we use when re- interpreting ambiguous (含混不清的) sounds, according to new research. The study sheds light on how the brain uses information gathered after the discovering of an initial sound to aid speech comprehension. The findings point to new ways we use information and context to aid in speech comprehension. “What a person thinks they hear does not always match the actual signals that reach the ear,” explains lead author Laura Gwilliams. “This is because the brain re-evaluates the interpretation of a speech sound at the moment each following speech sound is heard in order to update interpretations as necessary,” Gwilliams says. It’s well known that the perception of a speech sound is determined by its surrounding context — in the form of words, sentences and other speech sounds. This plays out in everyday life — when we talk, the actual speech we produce is often ambiguous. For example, when a friend says she has a “dent (凹痕) ” in her car, you may hear “tent”. Although this kind of ambiguity happens regularly, we, as listeners, are hardly aware of it. “This is because the brain automatically resolves the ambiguity for us — it picks an interpretation and that’s what we perceive to hear, ” explains Gwilliams. “The way the brain does this is by using the surrounding context to narrow down the possibilities of what the speaker may mean.” In the study, the researchers sought to understand how the brain uses this following information to adjust our perception of what we initially heard. To do this, they conducted a series of experiments in which the subjects listened to isolated syllables and similarly sounding words. Their results produced three primary findings: The brain’s primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) is sensitive to how ambiguous a speech sound is at just 50 milliseconds after the sound’s appearance. The brain “replays” previous speech sounds while interpreting the following ones, suggesting re-evaluation as the rest of the word unfolds. The brain makes commitments to its “best guess” of how to interpret the signal after about half a second. 8．What is the study mainly about? A．Why some people process information faster. B．How brains tell apart useful information. C．How brains understand unclear words. D．Why people make unclear sounds. 9．What does the author want to show by giving the example in Paragraph 3? A．People are likely to mistake a word for something familiar. B．People can understand others even if they mishear a word. C．People are more likely to mishear their friends. D．It is normal for people to make unclear sounds. 10．What do we know about the unclear words in the experiments? A．They stopped us thinking further. B．They led to misunderstanding. C．They were noticed instantly. D．They seemed to be useless. 11．What does the underlined part “the signal” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The following speech sound. B．The unclearly sounding word. C．The similarly sounding word. D．The isolated syllable. 【答案】8．C 9．B 10．C 11．B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了根据一项新研究，我们的大脑在重新解释模棱两可的声音时会使用一种“自动纠正”功能。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Our brains have an “auto- correct” feature that we use when re- interpreting ambiguous (含混不清的) sounds, according to new research. The study sheds light on how the brain uses information gathered after the discovering of an initial sound to aid speech comprehension.(新研究表明，我们的大脑具有一种“自动纠正”功能，该功能在我们重新解释含混不清的声音时会发挥作用。该研究揭示了大脑如何利用在发现初始声音后收集到的信息来帮助理解语言)”可知，这项研究的主要内容是大脑如何理解不清晰的词语。故选C项。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段“It’s well known that the perception of a speech sound is determined by its surrounding context—in the form of words, sentences and other speech sounds. This plays out in everyday life—when we talk, the actual speech we produce is often ambiguous. For example, when a friend says she has a “dent (凹痕) ” in her car, you may hear “tent”. Although this kind of ambiguity happens regularly, we, as listeners, are hardly aware of it. “This is because the brain automatically resolves the ambiguity for us— it picks an interpretation and that’s what we perceive to hear, ” explains Gwilliams. “The way the brain does this is by using the surrounding context to narrow down the possibilities of what the speaker may mean.”(众所周知，对语音的感知是由其周围的语境决定的，这些语境以单词、句子和其他语音的形式存在。这在我们的日常生活中随处可见——当我们说话时，我们实际说出的内容往往很模糊。例如，当朋友说她车上有“凹痕”时，你可能会听到“帐篷”。尽管这种模糊性经常发生，但我们作为听众几乎不会意识到这一点。“这是因为大脑会自动为我们解决这种模糊性——它会选择一种解释，而这就是我们感知到的内容，”格威廉姆斯解释道。“大脑这样做的方式是利用周围的语境来缩小说话者可能表达的意思范围。”)”可推知，作者想通过第三段的例子说明即使听错了一个词，人们也能听懂别人说的话。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Their results produced three primary findings: The brain’s primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) is sensitive to how ambiguous a speech sound is at just 50 milliseconds after the sound’s appearance. The brain “replays” previous speech sounds while interpreting the following ones, suggesting re-evaluation as the rest of the word unfolds. The brain makes commitments to its “best guess” of how to interpret the signal after about half a second.(他们的研究结果产生了三个主要发现：大脑的初级听觉皮层在声音出现50毫秒后就对语音的歧义程度很敏感。大脑在解释接下来的声音时“重播”之前的声音，暗示随着单词的展开重新评估。大脑会在半秒后做出“最佳猜测”来解释信号)”可知，实验中不清楚的单词很快就被注意到了。故选C项。 11．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Their results produced three primary findings: The brain’s primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) is sensitive to how ambiguous a speech sound is at just 50 milliseconds after the sound’s appearance. The brain “replays” previous speech sounds while interpreting the following ones, suggesting re-evaluation as the rest of the word unfolds.(他们的研究结果产生了三个主要发现：大脑的初级听觉皮层在声音出现50毫秒后就对语音的歧义程度很敏感。大脑在解释接下来的声音时“重播”之前的声音，暗示随着单词的展开重新评估)”可知，他们的研究结果产生了三个主要发现：大脑的初级听觉皮层在声音出现50毫秒后就对语音的模糊程度很敏感。大脑在解释接下来的声音时“重播”之前的声音，暗示随着单词的展开重新评估。大脑会在半秒后做出“最佳猜测”来解释发音不清楚的单词。故划线词意思“发音不清楚的单词”。故选B项。 6.（2025·江苏省盐城市盐城八校高三上学期开学考试）D On Inaccessible Island, you hear the sound of the Inaccessible Island rails (秧鸡) everywhere. The small flightless birds move around, feeding on worms and berries. During a trip in 2011, it took days for Stervander, then a doctoral student, to spot one. “Even then, you see something little and dark, running for a second, and that’s about it,” he says. Catching one, though, proved easy. When scientists played a recording of the bird’s call, a male and female ran into the net a few minutes later. Inaccessible Island rails live only on Inaccessible Island. “No one knew the history,” says Stervander, now a research fellow at the University of Oregon. He aimed to answer the question about these birds: How did they get to Inaccessible Island to begin with? The first scientist to describe the rail was Percy Lowe. He thought the bird was from Africa and had always been flightless. In his view, it had arrived at the island by walking over land bridges. But now the science of plate tectonics (板块构造论) suggests that’s not the case. In a recent paper, Stervander and his colleagues give evidence for a different version. After studying the genome (基因组) of the rails, scientists found the Inaccessible Island rail’s closest relative — the crake in Uruguay. Both birds are related to the black rail in America. The finding suggests the ancestors of these birds could fly. That means Inaccessible Island rails flew to their present home, and like many birds living on islands with no predators (捕食者), they gradually lost the ability to fly. Flying takes energy, so if there’s no reason to fly, it’s more practical not to. On this island, there’s a growing population of rails, but they’re fragile. Should a predator reach the island, it could make quick work of the birds. People on nearby islands are careful to avoid introducing any predators to Inaccessible Island, and the risk is low, given how hard it is to get there. For now, the rails live peacefully in a place where few humans are eager to go. 12．What can we learn about the Inaccessible Island rails? A．They are hard to trap. B．They can be seen everywhere. C．They move around quickly. D．They are not afraid of humans. 13．What caused the Inaccessible Island rails to become flightless? A．Their lack of energy. B．Their living environment. C．Their way to search for food. D．Their connection with their ancestors. 14．Which best describes the present situation of the Inaccessible Island rails? A．Safe. B．Tough. C．Unexpected. D．Dangerous. 15．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Development of Rails on Inaccessible Island B．The Need to Protect Flightless Inaccessible Island Rails C．How Did the Flightless Bird Get to Inaccessible Island? D．Why are Inaccessible Island Rails Limited on the Island? 【答案】12．C 13．B 14．A 15．C 【解析】本文是篇说明文。文章描述了在伊纳克塞瑟布尔岛生活的一种无法飞行的秧鸡，并分析了它们到达岛屿的方法和不会飞行的原因。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段““Even then, you see something little and dark, running for a second, and that’s about it,” he says.(“即使在那个时候，你也会看到一个又小又黑的东西在跑，仅此而已，”他说)”可知，岛上的秧鸡行动敏捷，被人们看到后转眼就跑没影了。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段“That means Inaccessible Island rails flew to their present home, and like many birds living on islands with no predators (捕食者), they gradually lost the ability to fly.(这意味着伊纳克塞瑟布尔岛的秧鸡飞到了它们现在的家，就像许多生活在没有捕食者的岛屿上的鸟类一样，它们逐渐失去了飞行的能力)”可知，秧鸡的生活环境让它们逐渐失去了飞行的能力。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“People on nearby islands are careful to avoid introducing any predators to Inaccessible Island, and the risk is low, given how hard it is to get there. For now, the rails live peacefully in a place where few humans are eager to go.(附近岛屿上的人们小心翼翼地避免将任何捕食者引入伊纳克塞瑟布尔岛，考虑到到达那里的难度，风险很低。目前，这些秧鸡平静地生活在一个很少有人愿意去的地方)”推知，岛上没有捕食者，也几乎没有人类到达，所以它们目前是很安全的。故选A。 15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“He aimed to answer the question about these birds: How did they get to Inaccessible Island to begin with?(他的目的是回答关于这些鸟的问题：它们是如何到达伊纳克塞瑟布尔岛的？)”和全文内容可知，文章主要就在伊纳克塞瑟布尔岛生活的没有飞行能力的秧鸡是如何到达这座岛屿的话题展开讨论，介绍了科学家的相关研究发现。由此可知，How Did the Flightless Bird Get to Inaccessible Island?(不会飞的鸟是如何到伊纳克塞瑟布尔岛的？)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。 7.（2025·江苏省盐城市五校联考高三上学期10月月考） Are you an open book, your face broadcasting every passing emotion, or more of a poker face, not showing what you are feeling? Scientists at Nottingham Trent University say that wearing your heart on your face, could actually give you a significant social advantage. The study, led by Eithne Kavanagh, a research fellow at NTU’s School of Social Sciences, involving over 1,300 participants, noticed striking variations in how much people moved their faces during conversations. Importantly, this expressiveness emerged as a stable individual quality. People displayed similar levels of facial expressiveness across different contexts, with different social partners, and even over time periods up to four months. The researchers say that facial expressiveness is linked to personality, with more agreeable individuals displaying more lively faces. Facial expressiveness can also translate into concrete social benefits. In a negotiation task, more expressive individuals are more likely to secure a larger slice of a reward. The researchers suggest that for agreeable folks, dynamic facial expressions may serve as a tool for building good relationship and smoothing over conflicts. Across the board, the results point to facial expressiveness serving an“ affiliative (亲和) function,” or a social glue that develops liking and smoother interactions. Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more “readable,” suggesting that a lively face makes one’s intentions and mental states easier for others to decipher. Beyond frequency of facial movements, people who employ facial expressions more strategically to suit social goals, such as looking friendly in a greeting, are also more well- liked. The findings challenge the “poker face” common belief that a still and unemotional appearance is always most advantageous. Instead, they suggest that for most people, allowing one’s face to mirror inner states and intentions can invite warmer reactions. As the researchers conclude, “Being facially expressive is socially advantageous.” So, the next time you catch yourself making lines on your forehead, or flashing a smile, know that your face just might be working overtime on your behalf. 28．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning the study? A．Its impact. B．Its findings. C．Its limitations. D．Its significance. 29．What may facial expressiveness serve as in negotiation settings? A．A way to frighten competitors. B．A method to hide personalities. C．A tool to show personal quality. D．A strategy to settle disagreement. 30．What does the underlined word “decipher” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Copy. B．Overlook. C．Remember D．Interpret. 31．What may the author advise based on the findings of the study? A．Always wearing a still face. B．Learning to be an open book. C．Speaking out inner emotions. D．Forcing a smile through tears. 【答案】28．B 29．D 30．D 31．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项科学研究，研究表明面部表情丰富的人在社交中有显著优势，这种优势可以转化为具体的社交利益。文章最后指出，对于大多数人来说，让自己的脸反映内心的状态和意图可以引发更热烈的反应。 28．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The study, led by Eithne Kavanagh, a research fellow at NTU’s School of Social Sciences, involving over 1,300 participants, noticed striking variations in how much people moved their faces during conversations. Importantly, this expressiveness emerged as a stable individual quality. People displayed similar levels of facial expressiveness across different contexts, with different social partners, and even over time periods up to four months. (这项研究由诺丁汉特伦特大学社会科学学院研究员Eithne Kavanagh领导，有1300多名参与者。研究注意到人们在谈话中面部动作的多少存在显著差异。重要的是，这种表现力成为一种稳定的个人品质。人们在不同的情境中、与不同的社交伙伴在一起时，甚至在长达四个月的时间段内，都表现出相似程度的面部表情丰富度。)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究发现人们在谈话中面部动作的多少存在显著差异，而且是一种稳定的个人品质。因此，本段主要在讲这项研究的发现。故选B项。 29．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In a negotiation task, more expressive individuals are more likely to secure a larger slice of a reward. The researchers suggest that for agreeable folks, dynamic facial expressions may serve as a tool for building good relationship and smoothing over conflicts.(在谈判任务中，更有表现力的人更有可能获得更大的奖励。研究人员建议，对于和蔼可亲的人来说，动态面部表情可能是建立良好关系和缓和矛盾的工具)”可知，在谈判中，面部表情可能是建立良好关系和缓和矛盾的工具，帮助有表现力的人获得更大利益。因此，面部表情在谈判环境中可能作为一种解决分歧的策略。故选D项。 30．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more ‘readable,’ suggesting that a lively face makes one’s intentions and mental states easier for others to decipher. (表情丰富也与被认为更“可读”有关，这表明一张生动的脸让人的意图和精神状态更容易被decipher)”中“Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more ‘readable,’”可知，丰富的表情更“可读”，即更容易被理解和解读，所以“一张生动的脸更容易被人解读意图和精神状态”。划线词decipher与interpret同义，意为“解读”。故选D项。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The findings challenge the ‘poker face’ common belief that a still and unemotional appearance is always most advantageous. Instead, they suggest that for most people, allowing one’s face to mirror inner states and intentions can invite warmer reactions. (这些发现挑战了‘扑克脸’的普遍信念，即静止不动、面无表情的外表总是最有利的。相反，它们表明，对于大多数人来说，让自己的脸反映内心的状态和意图可以引发更热情的反应)”可知，研究表明面部表情丰富的人在社交中有显著优势，所以对于大多数人来说，让自己的脸反映内心的状态和意图可以引发更热情的反应。因此作者可能建议我们要学会像一本打开的书一样，不要隐藏自己的情感和意图，要通过面部表情表达出来。故选B项。 8.（2025·江苏省常州联盟校高三上学期10月月考） Wild chimpanzees are recognized for eating a wide variety of plant matter, which complicates researchers’ ability to determine whether they actively look for medicinal plants to heal themselves or simply consume plants that happen to have medicinal properties. At the Budongo Central Forest Reserve in Uganda, University of Oxford researchers studied the behaviors and health of 51 wild chimpanzees from two habituated groups. They noted a male chimpanzee with a hand injury searching for and eating fern leaves, which might have eased pain and swelling. Additionally, they observed another ill chimpanzee consuming parts of a cat-thorn tree. The team also tested the plant species in the reserve, which they suspected were being consumed by the chimpanzees to self-medicate, for anti-inflammatory (抗炎) and antibacterial (抗菌) characteristics. The species included plants not part of the chimpanzees’ normal diet, but being consumed for their healing characteristics. The authors found 88% of the plant species had antibacterial characteristics, arresting the growth of bacteria, while 33% of them had anti- inflammatory characteristics. Deadwood from a tree in the Dogbane family showed the strongest antibacterial activity and also had anti-inflammatory characteristics, suggesting it could be used to treat wounds, they said. Roots from the East African mahogany tree and leaves from fem were found to exhibit potential anti-inflammatory effects. The results suggested that chimpanzees looked for and ate specific plants for their medicinal effects, and the study was one of the first to document evidence of this kind, the authors said. Team member Fabien Schultz hopes that the findings might lead to promising candidates for human medicines. “What if human lives can be saved by following the ways of our animal relatives?” he says. 32．Why is it challenging to determine if chimpanzees intentionally seek out medicinal plants? A．Medicinal plants are rare in the forest. B．Chimpanzees consume a wide variety of plant matter. C．Chimpanzees hide themselves when they are sick or injured. D．Researchers can hardly observe chimpanzees in the thick forest. 33．Which of the following might have the most powerful antibacterial effects? A．Dogbane trees. B．Leaves of ferns. C．Cat-thorn trees. D．East African mahogany tree roots. 34．What potential benefit does Fabien Schultz hope to achieve from the findings? A．Identifying new human medicines. B．Developing new animal care techniques. C．Improving chimpanzee health in the wild. D．Discovering new food sources for humans. 35．What is the best title for the text? A．The Diet of Wild Chimpanzees B．The Medicinal Characteristics of Plants C．The Dietary Habits of Wild Chimpanzees D．Chimpanzees Using Plants for Self-Medication 【答案】32．B 33．A 34．A 35．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究人员发现，野生黑猩猩可以利用药用植物来给自己治疗。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段“Wild chimpanzees are recognized for eating a wide variety of plant matter, which complicates researchers’ ability to determine whether they actively look for medicinal plants to heal themselves or simply consume plants that happen to have medicinal properties.(野生黑猩猩以吃各种各样的植物而闻名，这使得研究人员很难确定它们是主动寻找药用植物来治愈自己，还是只是食用碰巧有药用价值的植物)”可知，确定黑猩猩是否有意寻找药用植物具有挑战性，这是因为黑猩猩吃的植物种类广泛。故选B。 33．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Deadwood from a tree in the Dogbane family showed the strongest antibacterial activity and also had anti- inflammatory characteristics, suggesting it could be used to treat wounds, they said. (他们说，来自Dogbane家族的枯木显示出最强的抗菌活性，也具有抗炎特性，这表明它可以用来治疗伤口)”可知，夹竹桃科枯木具有最强的抗菌特性。故选A。 34．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Team member Fabien Schultz hopes that the findings might lead to promising candidates for human medicines.(团队成员Fabien Schultz希望这一发现可能会为人类药物带来有希望的候选药物)”可知，Fabien Schultz希望从这些发现中获得的潜在好处是确定新的人类药物。故选A。 35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中的“The results suggested that chimpanzees looked for and ate specific plants for their medicinal effects, and the study was one of the first to document evidence of this kind, the authors said.(作者说，研究结果表明，黑猩猩寻找并食用特定的植物是为了它们的药用效果，而这项研究是首次记录这类证据的研究之一)”可知，本文主要介绍了研究发现野生黑猩猩可以利用药用植物来给自己治疗，由此可知，D项“Chimpanzees Using Plants for Self-Medication (黑猩猩用植物自我治疗)”最适合作为文章标题。故选D。 9.（2025·江苏省扬州市高邮市高三上学期10月月考） Decades’ worth of research links physical activity with positive changes in the brain. In children, for example, physical activity is associated with better cognitive (认知的) performance. Studies on older adults show that regular exercise reduces the risk of developing Alzheimer’s (阿尔茨海默病). And imaging studies confirm that the volume of the hippocampus — a brain region associated with memory and mental mapping — is larger in individuals who are more physically active compared to those who spend a lot of time sitting down. Around 2002, scientists began to realize moving muscles produced molecules (分子) that get released into the bloodstream and provide benefits to faraway organs. In 2012 Bruce Spiegelman, a cell biologist, and his workmates discovered irisin, a new type of molecule released by exercised muscles. When muscle cells produce irisin, it increases levels of another protein called brain- derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Just last year Wrann, a neuroscientist at Massachusetts General Hospital, tested irisin’s role in exercise and cognitive function. Her team compared mice who were genetically engineered to lack iris in with mice who could still produce the molecule. After exercise, the normal mice performed better on a task that relied on cognitive skills. The mice lacking irisin didn’t show this same improvement. When Wrann’s team examined the mice’s brains, they saw that both groups of mice produced neurons (神经元) in response to exercise. When the gene to produce irisin was returned to the brains of mice lacking the protein, the mice also performed better on the same task. Irisin has an identical molecular structure in mice and humans, Wrann says, which suggests that it serves similar functions in both species, and so the findings may have practical applications in medicine. From the perspective of drug development, “irisin certainly is promising, especially given the data about its effect in human brain.” says Christoph Handschin, a muscle researcher and professor of pharmocology (药理学) . 32．What do the findings in paragraph 1 show? A．Exercise has great benefits to our brain. B．The brain is changing all through our life. C．Physical activity is key to fighting Alzheimer’s. D．The hippocampus has little to do with cognition. 33．What can we learn about irisin from paragraph 2? A．It governs human exercise. B．It is a special type of BDNF. C．It increases the volume of BDNF. D．It is mainly produced by the brain. 34．What has Wrann’s team concluded from their experiment? A．Irisin promotes cognitive ability. B．Certain genes are in charge of irisin. C．Neurons are only produced in exercise. D．Some mice are unable to produce irisin. 35．Which statement might both Wrann and Handschin agree with? A．It seems risky to use irisin to treat human patients. B．It is possible to discover more functions for irisin. C．Irisin found in mice and humans differs enormously. D．Irisin may be used to improve human brain function. 【答案】32．A 33．C 34．A 35．D 【解析】本文的体裁是研究报告。主要介绍了科学研究成果，特别是关于运动对大脑健康的影响，以及鸢尾素（Irisin）在这一过程中的作用。 32．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Decades’ worth of research links physical activity with positive changes in the brain. In children, for example, physical activity is associated with better cognitive (认知的) performance. Studies on older adults show that regular exercise reduces the risk of developing Alzheimer’s (阿尔茨海默病). (数十年的研究将体育活动与大脑的积极变化联系起来。例如，在儿童中，体育活动与更好的认知表现有关。对老年人的研究表明，经常锻炼可以降低患老年痴呆症的风险。)”可知，数十年的研究表明体育活动对大脑有积极的影响。故选A。 33．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“In 2012 Bruce Spiegelman, a cell biologist, and his workmates discovered irisin, a new type of molecule released by exercised muscles. When muscle cells produce irisin, it increases levels of another protein called brain- derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. (2012年，细胞生物学家Bruce Spiegelman和他的同事们发现了鸢尾素，这是一种由运动肌肉释放的新型分子。当肌肉细胞产生鸢尾素时，它会增加海马体中另一种叫做脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的蛋白质的水平。)”可知，当肌肉细胞产生鸢尾素时，它会增加另一种名为脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的蛋白质水平。故选C。 34．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“After exercise, the normal mice performed better on a task that relied on cognitive skills. The mice lacking irisin didn’t show this same improvement. (运动后，正常小鼠在依赖认知技能的任务中表现更好。缺乏鸢尾素的小鼠没有表现出同样的改善。)”可知，Wrann的团队得出结论认为鸢尾素促进了认知能力。故选A。 35．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Irisin has an identical molecular structure in mice and humans, Wrann says, which suggests that it serves similar functions in both species, and so the findings may have practical applications in medicine. From the perspective of drug development, “irisin certainly is promising, especially given the data about its effect in human brain.” says Christoph Handschin, a muscle researcher and professor of pharmocology (药理学) . (Wrann说，鸢尾素在小鼠和人类体内具有相同的分子结构，这表明它在两个物种中具有相似的功能，因此该发现可能在医学上具有实际应用价值。从药物开发的角度来看，“鸢尾素当然是有希望的，特别是考虑到它对人类大脑的影响的数据。肌肉研究员兼药理学教授Christoph Handschin说。)”可知，Wrann和Handschin都认为鸢尾素可能用于改善人类的大脑功能。故选D。 10.（2025·江苏省苏州高三上学期期初学业质量阳光指标调研）C We all notice bright colors. People who choose to go eye-catching, whether they express themselves through clothes or accessories (配饰), hear everything from “No one is going to miss you at the party” to “I would never have the courage to wear that.” But according to research, those comments may be both accurate and expected. Adam D．Pazda and Christopher A．Thorstenson (2019) examined how we perceive people at first impression who wear bright colors. They specifically examined the effect of chroma (色度). They found that targets, both male and female, who were wearing or surrounded by high-chroma colors were perceived as more open and outgoing than in a low-chroma setting. They concluded that chroma is a variable of perception that can influence first impressions of personality. Drilling down further, they found that high-chroma colors strengthened viewer perspective of openness and extraversion (外向), but not other personalities. These observations are important because some job responsibilities capitalize on some of the personalities inferred through bright colors. Pazda and Thorstenson recognize what job seekers no doubt consider as they look for a career to match their personal nature: in some occupations, success is fueled by possessing certain personality qualities. They give examples of industries such as sales and marketing as well as customer service as fields where extraverts thrive (繁荣). Accordingly, applicants for these positions may be viewed more favorably and judged as more competent if they wear highly chromatic clothing. Regarding the generality of their results, Pazda and Thorstenson note that one of the limitations of their study was their use of participants living in the United States, which means their findings may not predict results in other cultures. They note the possibility that chroma may influence the perception of personality differently in non-Western countries, and that high-chroma clothing may be perceived as at odds with social norms in other cultures. The practical takeaway, at least in the United States, appears to be that bright colors, like the peacock’s tail, will get you noticed. But depending on your goals, consider tailoring your chroma to the circumstances, personally and professionally. 28．What is the focus of the study mentioned in the passage? A．The cultural implications of high chroma colors. B．The influence of clothing on viewer perceptions. C．The connection between clothing and job suitability. D．The impact of high chroma colors on first impression. 29．What does the underlined phrase “capitalize on” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Draw on. B．Approve of. C．Subscribe to. D．Dig up. 30．Which might be a limitation of the study? A．The culturally specific findings. B．The unmonitored research process. C．The outdated data analysis methods. D．The relatively insufficient theoretical basis. 31．What is the practical advice given by the author in the last paragraph? A．Reserve bright colors for social events. B．Always wear bright colors to be noticed. C．Avoid bright colors in professional settings. D．Use bright colors strategically based on your goals. 【答案】28．D 29．A 30．A 31．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要探讨了穿着鲜艳颜色对第一印象的影响，介绍了有关研究的开展以及研究的发现。 28．细节理解题。根据第二段“Adam D. Pazda and Christopher A. Thorstenson (2019) examined how we perceive people at firs1impression who wear bright colors. They specifically examined the effect of chroma (色度).( Adam D. Pazda和Christopher A. Thorstenson（2019）研究了我们如何看待穿亮色衣服的人的第一印象。他们专门研究了色度的影响)”可知，文章中提到的研究重点是高色度色彩对第一印象的影响。故选D。 29．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Drilling down further, they found that high-chroma colors strengthened viewer perspective of openness and extraversion (外向), but not other personalities.(进一步深入研究，他们发现高色度的颜色增强了观看者对开放性和外向性的看法，但对其他性格没有作用)”可知，上文提到研究人员发现高色度的颜色增强了观看者对开放性和外向性的看法，但对其他性格没有作用，说明一些工作职责利用了通过鲜艳的颜色推断出的一些个性。故划线词意思是“利用”draw on。故选A。 30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Regarding the generality of their results, Pazda and Thorstenson note that one of the limitations of their study was their use of participants living in the United States, which means their findings may not predict results in other cultures.(关于他们研究结果的普遍性，Pazda和Thorstenson指出，他们研究的局限性之一是他们使用了生活在美国的参与者，这意味着他们的研究结果可能无法预测其他文化的结果)”可知，特定文化的发现可能是这项研究的局限性。故选A。 31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But depending on your goals, consider tailoring your chroma to the circumstances, personally and professionally.(但是根据你的目标，考虑根据个人和专业的情况来调整你的色度)”可知，作者在最后一段给出的实用建议是根据你的目标策略性地使用明亮的颜色。故选D。 11.（2025·江苏省苏州高三上学期期初学业质量阳光指标调研）D In recent decades, experiments have begun to catch up with what people who work closely with animals have always known—that animals have an inner life, and consciousness isn’t uniquely human. Consciousness is a concept that is extremely difficult to define. There have been many attempts: is it awareness, or awareness of that awareness, or self-awareness instead? But a useful working definition might be that it is any kind of subjective experience, ranging from how we perceive the external world to our inner thoughts and emotions. Because you can never be inside another living being’s head, questions of consciousness are both hard to answer and open to bias (偏见). Findings of experiments inspired a group of scientists in April to write The New York Declaration Animal Consciousness, which now has over 300 supporters. It states that there is “strong scientific support for conscious experience” in mammals and birds and “at least a realistic possibility of conscious experience” in fish and other species. That animals have some form of inner life must surely be self-evident to many people who live or work with them, just as I would guess that most carers of newborn babies don’t see these infant as senseless automatic machines. The experiences of people with thorough knowledge of either have historically, been viewed as subjective and biased, as emotional connection tends to influence logical reasoning. Our consciousness leads us to over-empathize with others we cannot truly know, the argument goes. But, as the biologist Marc Bekoff wrote, if we humans have something, then other animals are likely to have it too. I personally feel that attempts to divorce emotion, feeling and experience from how we see animals can be as unscientific. For too long, we assumed that humans are unique and animals don’t feel pain or emotions the way that we do, a convenient but cruel null hypothesis (无效假设), when we could have started from the position that perhaps they do instead. 32．Which is a key characteristic of consciousness according to the passage? A．It means any emotional experience of humans. B．It refers to individual’s subjective experience. C．It is all about how we perceive the external world. D．It refers to a common quality shared by all animals. 33．Why are the carers of newborn babies mentioned? A．To show that animals are just as conscious as human babies. B．To help readers understand why animals possess consciousness. C．To argue against the view of people living or working with animals. D．To explain why animal carers would assume animals have an inner life. 34．What might be the author’s attitude towards Marc Bckoff’s assumption about animal emotions? A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Supportive. D．Uncertain. 35．which can be the best title of the passage? A．Consciousness Improved Through Practice B．Questions of Human Consciousness Answered C．Factors Affecting Animal Consciousness Discovered D．Conscious Experience Found in Certain Animal Species 【答案】32．B 33．D 34．C 35．D 【解析】本文的体裁是说明文。文章通过介绍科学家对动物意识的实验和发现，向读者普及了关于动物意识的知识，并探讨了意识这一概念的定义和难以测量的原因。 32．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“But a useful working definition might be that it is any kind of subjective experience, ranging from how we perceive the external world to our inner thoughts and emotions. (但一个有用的可行定义可能是，它是任何一种主观体验，从我们如何感知外部世界到我们的内心想法和情绪。)”可知，个体的主观体验是意识的关键特征。故选B。 33．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“That animals have some form of inner life must surely be self-evident to many people who live or work with them, just as I would guess that most carers of newborn babies don’t see these infant as senseless automatic machines. (动物有某种形式的内在生命，这一点对许多与它们一起生活或工作的人来说肯定是不言而喻的，就像我猜大多数照顾新生儿的人不会把这些婴儿视为毫无意义的自动机器一样。)”可知，提到新生儿护理者的目的是为了解释为什么动物护理者会认为动物有某种形式的内在生命。故选D。 34．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“But, as the biologist Marc Bekoff wrote, if we humans have something, then other animals are likely to have it too. I personally feel that attempts to divorce emotion, feeling and experience from how we see animals can be as unscientific. (但是，正如生物学家Marc Bekoff所写的那样，如果我们人类有某种东西，那么其他动物很可能也有。我个人认为，试图将情感、感觉和经验与我们看待动物的方式分离开来是不科学的。)”可知，作者认为Marc Bekoff关于动物情感的假设是科学的，并且作者支持这种假设。故选C。 35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第三段“Findings of experiments inspired a group of scientists in April to write The New York Declaration Animal Consciousness, which now has over 300 supporters. It states that there is “strong scientific support for conscious experience” in mammals and birds and “at least a realistic possibility of conscious experience” in fish and other species. (实验的发现启发了一组科学家在4月份撰写了《The New York Declaration Animal Consciousness》，现在有300多名支持者。它指出，在哺乳动物和鸟类中有“强有力的科学支持意识体验”，在鱼类和其他物种中“至少有现实的意识体验可能性”。)”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家在动物身上发现了意识体验，包括哺乳动物、鸟类以及鱼类和其他物种。因此，D选项“Conscious Experience Found in Certain Animal Species (在某些动物物种中发现意识体验)”符合题意。故选D。 ( 58 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$