UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage(课件PPT)-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage 　(语法项目——关系代词引导的定语从句) 目 录 语法专题突破 课时跟踪检测 新知深化学习 语法专题突破 语境中体悟 Lucy is my friend who/that① has a hearing problem.When she first came to my school, she seemed lonely, but we soon became friends.At first it was difficult to communicate with her.So I learnt a new language which/that② allows me to “speak” with my hands. Lucy is a smart girl whose③ ideas are always inspiring.I sometimes have problems which/that④ I can't solve.When this happens, I always ask Lucy for help.Lucy is a good listener who/whom/that⑤ I enjoy sharing moments of my life with. [语法入门] ①处who/that引导定语从句，修饰先行词my friend，指人，在从句中作主语； ②处which/that引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a new language，指物，在从句中作主语； ③处whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词a smart girl，指人，在从句中作定语； ④处which/that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词problems，指物，在从句中作宾语，可以省略； ⑤处who/whom/that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词Lucy，指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略。 学案中理清 复合句中对名词、代词、名词性短语或句子进行修饰、限定的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词、代词等被称为先行词。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1．限制性定语从句：所修饰的词表示一个特定的人或东西。如果去掉它，被修饰的词就失去意义，句子就不能成立或不完整。 2．非限制性定语从句：由一个逗号将从句与先行词隔开，对所修饰的词作进一步的说明。如果去掉它，句子的意思仍然完整。 定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有when, where, why。关系词通常有下列作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。 本单元主要介绍的是关系代词引导的定语从句。 (一)关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose (＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) as 人或物 主语、宾语 续表 [对点练] (1)用适当的关系词填空 ①(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast­paced development of modern life ... that/which ②(2022·浙江1月高考)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. ③(2021·浙江1月高考)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. who/that that/which ④Those have six or more close friends are described as “very happy”． ⑤His father works in a company name always appears in the local newspapers. who whose (2)把下列句子合并为含有定语从句的主从复合句 ⑥I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music. →______________________________________________ ⑦Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress. I gave it to her. →__________________________________________________________ ⑧The student's article was published. I know the student. →___________________________________________ I have a friend who likes listening to classical music. I know the student whose article was published. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress (that/which) I gave her. (二)关系代词that与which的用法 1．限制性定语从句中只用that的情况： (1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己说的吗？ (2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级， the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。 (3)先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which。 The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都很钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 (4)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句时用that。 Which is the bike that you lost? 哪辆是你丢的自行车？ Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁？ (5)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that。 They built up a small factory which produced things that are of good quality. 他们建了一家小工厂，这家工厂生产的东西质量很好。 (6)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也作表语时，用that不用which引导。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。 (7)主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时，用that不用which引导。 There is a seat in the corner that is still available. 在那个角落还有一个座位可坐。 2．只用which的情况： (1)引导非限制性定语从句时。 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him. 海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这当然让其他的儿子嫉妒他。 (2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。 (3)先行词为that, those时。 What's that which was put in the car? 放在车子里的那个东西是什么？ 　[对点练]　(用适当的关系词填空) ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. ②(2021·1月新高考8省联考卷)．.. but be sure to carefully evaluate every school has accepted you ... that that ③The man is talking about the teachers and things ____encouraged him greatly in school. ④Those days in you could travel without a passport have gone. ⑤This is the book that you bought you have lost. ⑥When it comes to Jinan, the first comes to mind is the spring water. which that which that ⑦Green tea is rich in anti­oxidants get your blood moving and improve your energy level. ⑧These messages are the very ones I have been looking for. ⑨Many trees line the street as well, including some pine trees _____were first planted during the Ming Dynasty. which that that 应用中融通 Ⅰ.用恰当的关系代词完成下列短文 (一) Although I have become a senior high school student, I still remember some people and things ① were related to Miss Brown ② is my teacher teaching me English in my junior high school. She once told me to read a grammar book ③ is for beginners. I did as she told me, so my English was improved a lot. that who/that which/that I believe that she is the person ④ I should give my thanks to. And she is also the most respectable teacher without ⑤______ help I would not have made such great progress. whom/who/that whose (二) I would like to have a penfriend ① is a girl from senior high school in UK. It would be better if the penfriend has some hobbies ② I also have. In my mind, the penfriend is someone ③______ interests are in travelling, swimming and playing table tennis.With such a penfriend, I hope I can share with her the things ④__________ I experienced in travelling, taking care of pets and studying in school. When we meet difficulties, we can help each other who/that that/which whose which/that and give each other some tips ⑤ can help settle the difficulties. I also hope the penfriend will help me improve my spoken English ⑥ I find difficult. Of course, I can teach her to learn Chinese if she is ready to. that/which that/which Ⅱ.用定语从句连接两个句子(使用关系代词) 1．Last week Mary wore the dress.Her sister gave it to her. →________________________________________________________ 2．They live in a room.Its window faces south. →_________________________________________ Last week Mary wore the dress that/which her sister gave to her. They live in a room whose window faces south. 3．The old man wants to visit the village.He grew up in it. →______________________________________________________ 4．Our teacher likes reading the newspaper every day.It contains important information. →_____________________________________________________ ______________________________ The old man wants to visit the village which/that he grew up in. Our teacher likes reading the newspaper which/that contains important information every day. 新知深化学习 1．A real friend is someone whose support we can count on. 真正的朋友是我们可以依靠其支持的人。 \ 33 |用|法|感|知| •You can count on me to help in case of difficulty. 如果你遇到困难，我会帮你的。 •(“动作描写”佳句)She shrugged, “You can count me in, I guess.” “我想你可以把我算进去。”她耸耸肩说道。 ★count on依赖，依靠，指望 •You can count on it that everything will be ready in time. 你放心，一切都会按时准备好。 归纳点拨 count down (to sth.)　　 倒计时 count sb.in 把某人算入；包括某人 count on sb.to do sth. 指望某人做某事 count on it that ... 相信……，指望……　　　 (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①You should not count on him (tell) the truth. ②I heard you're organizing a trip to the game next week. Count me ! ③You can I can finish the work on time. 你相信我好了，我会准时完成工作的。 to tell in count on it that |应|用|融|会|3 2．Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face­to­face chatting. 发短信和发信息不能代替面对面的聊天。 •You can use milk in place of cream according to this recipe. 根据这个食谱你可以用牛奶来代替奶油。 •(“通知”类写作佳句)The competition will take place next Friday afternoon in the school hall. 比赛将于下周五下午在学校大厅举行。 |用|法|感|知| ★take the place of代替…… •To find them easily, you'd better put your books in place. 为了方便找到它们，你最好把书放好。 归纳点拨 (1)take one's place　代替某人 take place 发生；举行 (2)in place of 代替 in place 在适当的位置 out of place 不在适当的位置；不合适的 名师指津 take place是不及物动词短语，其后不接宾语，也不能用于被动语态。 (1)完成句子 ①She likes everything to be before she starts work.　 她喜欢在开始工作前将一切准备就绪。 ②The large table is in such a small room.　 这张大桌子放在这么小的房间里不合适。 in place out of place |应|用|融|会| ③The explosions in the shopping centre as crowds of people were shopping. 爆炸发生在购物中心，当时大批人群正在购物。 took place (2)一句多译 经理将要出差，我将代替他参加会议。 ④The manager will be away on business and I'll___________________ . ⑤The manager will be away on business and I'll___________________ . ⑥The manager will be away on business and I'll___________________ . take his place to attend the meeting take the place of him to attend the meeting attend the meeting in place of him 课时跟踪检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Last night, I went to a blues concert with Lily.After the concert, we met one of her old friends she hadn't seen for almost three years.They greeted each other but then stood there waiting for someone else to say something.Having a conversation is a useful skill that some people have naturally.However, most of us, like Lily and her friend, need to practice it.Here are some ideas you can use to begin and enjoy an interesting conversation. Questions are probably the easiest way to open a conversation.If the other person is uncomfortable, as people often are, you can ask questions that are easy to answer.Besides making them comfortable, it will show them that you aren't going to talk about yourself all the time.But you should avoid topics that might result in arguments, such as politics or religion. Make them feel like you care.You can turn a total stranger into a friend just by making them feel like you care about what they have to say and that their opinion matters to you.If the person thinks you're talking just to hear your own voice, they'll be turned off immediately. When you talk to people, make eye contact with them, especially in the beginning.Eye contact that continues too long makes most people uncomfortable though, so don't stare.Also, make your eyes smile.A false smile doesn't include the eyes, and most people can recognize one.If you are genuinely interested in the other person, your eyes will show it. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了开启有趣对话的一些方法。 1．What can we infer about Lily and her friend? A．They didn't get along well with each other. B．They were not good at starting a conversation. C．They didn't enjoy themselves at the concert. D．They didn't want to talk in front of the writer. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“most of us, like Lily and her friend, need to practice it”可推知，莉莉和她的朋友不擅长开启对话。 √ 2．What could be a good way to start a conversation? A．Choosing a peaceful topic. B．Talking more. C．Asking personal questions. D．Discussing political problems. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“you should avoid topics that might result in arguments”可知，开始一段对话的好方法是选择一个不会引起争议的话题。 3．What does the underlined word “genuinely” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Simply.　　　　　　　 B．Carefully. C．Slowly. D．Truly. 解析：词义猜测题。根据上文的“A false smile”可推知，画线词所在句的意思为“如果你真正地对另一个人感兴趣，你的眼睛会表现出来”，故画线词意为“真正地”。 √ 4．What could be the best structure of the passage? (P1＝Paragraph 1　P2＝Paragraph 2 ...) √ 解析：篇章结构题。根据第一段中的“Here are some ideas you can use to begin and enjoy an interesting conversation.”可知，首段是总述，第二、三、四段提出了一些方法，故本文是总分结构。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Renée and her roommate were living thousands of miles away from their hometown.They often travel back home to 5 their friends and family. One day at the airport, her roommate couldn't 6 her passport (护照)．She looked for it everywhere.And then she became 7 . “I felt 8 because my roommate is easily with a bad mood (情绪)，” Renée said. Renée tried to ask her roommate where she had last 9 it.And then her mood took a turn for the worse. “That's when she shouted at me，” Renée said.“I don't even 10 what she said, but it was loud and sharp.” Out of nowhere, a man got close to them.The man 11 asked if she had checked the 12 on her backpack.There it was.Her roommate responded with shyness and her 13 became quiet. “And it was such a 14 moment.It was seconds.But the man stepping in, it just immediately defused (缓和) the situation，” Renée said.“The man's gesture of 15 made my roommate realize her own rudeness and impoliteness.And she 16 an apology (道歉) to me.” “He was my hero.It is because of his little gesture that my roommate realized her bad manners, and after that our 17 made deeper.And I truly 18 him for that，” Renée added. Now, Renée is in a good 19 with her roommate. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在机场时，Renée的室友因为找不到护照而情绪失控，对Renée大喊大叫。这时一名男子礼貌地上前询问，帮助室友找到了护照，缓和了两人之间的紧张氛围。这个陌生人的善意让Renée非常感动。 5．A.visit　　　　　　　 B．request C．introduce D．admire 解析：根据上文“Renée and her roommate were living thousands of miles away from their hometown.”可知，Renée和室友住的地方离家很远；再结合下文“their friends and family”可推知，她们应该是回家拜访亲戚和朋友。 √ 6．A.renew B．explore C．find D．hide 解析：根据下文“She looked for it everywhere.”可知，她的室友到处找护照，因此是找不到护照了。 √ 7．A.tired B．annoyed C．confused D．frightened 解析：根据下文“my roommate is easily with a bad mood”可知，她的室友很容易心情不好，由此推知，此时找不到护照的她会烦恼。 √ 8．A.nervous B．awkward C．lonely D．satisfied 解析：根据下文“my roommate is easily with a bad mood”可知，她的室友很容易心情不好，由此推知，Renée会因此感到紧张。 √ 9．A.organized B．joined C．sold D．left 解析：根据上文“She looked for it everywhere.”可知，她的室友到处找护照，由此推知，Renée会询问她最后把护照放在哪里了。 √ 10．A.revise B．agree C．remember D．doubt 解析：根据下文“what she said, but it was loud and sharp”可知，此处表示转折，虽然Renée不记得室友大吼的内容，但是记得室友的声音很大很尖锐。 √ 11．A.happily B．confidently C．secretly D．politely 解析：根据下文“Her roommate responded with shyness and her became quiet.”可知，她的室友害羞地回答了这个人的问题，变得安静下来，由此推知，这个人应该是很礼貌地询问，才让因找不到护照变得恼火的室友意识到自己的问题。 √ 12．A.books B．pockets C．pictures D．designs 解析：根据上文描述的她的室友在找护照，以及下文“on her backpack”可推知，这人会询问她是否检查了背包上的口袋，护照可能在口袋里。 √ 13．A.voice B．breath C．debate D．personality 解析：根据上文“but it was loud and sharp”可知，她的室友声音又大又尖锐，由此推知，此处表示她的声音变得安静。 √ 14．A.generous B．bad C．dangerous D．short 解析：根据下文“It was seconds.”可知，这名男子询问情况的时间只有几秒，因此那一刻很短暂。 √ 15．A.support B．anger C．recognition D．challenge 解析：根据上文“But the man stepping in, it just immediately defused the situation”可知，这名男子走过来询问她的室友，成功缓和了两人之间紧张的情况，由此可知，此处指他提供帮助的举动。 √ 16．A.improved B．attracted C．offered D．commented 解析：根据下文“an apology to me”可推知，此处表示她向Renée道歉。offer an apology to sb.意为“向某人道歉”。 √ 17．A.failure B．friendship C．power D．creation 解析：根据上文“It is because of his little gesture that my roommate realized her bad manners”可知，这名男子的举动让Renée的室友意识到了自己的不礼貌，结合下文“made deeper”可推知，Renée和室友之间的友谊加深了。 √ 18．A.recommend B．thank C．believe D．help 解析：根据上文“The man's gesture of made my roommate realize her own rudeness and impoliteness.And she an apology to me.”可知，这名男子的举动让Renée的室友意识到了自己的粗鲁和不礼貌，然后室友也道歉了，因此Renée会很感谢他。 √ 19．A.viewpoint B．teamwork C．relationship D．lifestyle 解析：根据上文叙述的Renée的室友因为找不到护照而情绪失控，对Renée大喊大叫，两人的情况变得紧张，然后一名男子礼貌地询问室友，帮助缓和了情况，室友最终向Renée道歉可推知，此处指两人现在关系很好。be in good relationship with sb.意为“与某人关系良好”。 √ Ⅲ.语法填空 Thanks to advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed 1 (significant). Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends 2 . Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships. The digital age also enables us 3 (find) people who share our interests, such as collecting model cars or 4 (play) an unusual instrument. Whatever our 5 (hobby), the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world. However, the “friends” online don't necessarily become our real friends. If people always exchange true 6 (person) information online, then these friendships can be real and meaningful. But we need to keep in mind that what we see on social media 7 (be) often not the whole truth about a person. On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates 8 make them appear happy and friendly and the smiling photos can hide real problems. 9 this doesn't mean that we should throw the baby out of the bathwater. Although in recent years technology 10 (change) the way we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着科技的进步，社交媒体让我们随时随地与老朋友联系，同时可以交到新朋友。 1．significantly　考查副词。 空处修饰谓语动词has changed，应用副词形式。 2．with　考查介词。that引导的定语从句中，关系代词指代的是先行词people。remain friends with意为“与某人保持朋友关系”。 3．to find　考查非谓语动词。enable sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“使某人能够做某事”，所以用不定式作宾补。 4．playing　考查非谓语动词。or是并列连词，空处需用动名词与collecting model cars保持一致，作such as的宾语。 5．hobbies　考查名词复数。our是形容词性物主代词，空处需用名词，hobby为可数名词，表示泛指需用复数形式。 6．personal　考查形容词。空后的information是名词，需用形容词修饰。 7．is　考查时态和主谓一致。本句中that引导的宾语从句中包含了what引导的主语从句，当从句作主语时，要看作单数，又因本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填is。 8．that/which　考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词是updates(更新，近况)，指物，需填关系代词that/which。 9．But　考查连词。上一段提到网络信息并不一定都是全面真实的，空后一句说友谊的意义和我们对朋友的渴望依然不变，故本句是一个过渡句，与上一句构成转折关系，且本句句子成分完整，需填转折连词，首字母需大写，故填But。 10．has changed/has been changing　考查动词时态。根据时间状语“in recent years”和主语“technology”可知，谓语应用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，且用单数，故填has changed或has been changing。 本课结束 $$