精品解析：湖南省衡阳市第八中学2024-2025学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题

衡阳市八中2024学年度高二上期第一次月考 英语试题 时量：120分钟 分值：150分 考试范围：必修一Unit 1至选必二Unit 2 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the woman do next? A. Dry her hair. B. Wash her hair. C. Take a shower. 2. When will the speakers probably start sailing tomorrow? A. In the early morning. B. Around noon. C. At midnight. 3. Who is Nolan probably? A. The speakers’ kid. B. The speakers’ teacher. C. The speakers’ audience. 4. What does the man like about the store? A. The selection. B. The service. C. The prices. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. Fruit. B. Sweets. C. Dance. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. When was the woman probably born? A. In 1991. B. In 1992. C. In 1993. 7. What music are the speakers listening to now? A. Rock music. B. Rap music. C. Pop music. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8. How did the man get to Edinburgh? A. By bus. B. By car. C. By train. 9. What nationality are the speakers probably? A. British B. German. C. American. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Why doesn’t the woman worry about AI art software? A. Her buyers reject AI’s creations. B. It produces low-quality art works. C. She doesn’t work in the art industry. 11. Who is Marissa? A. A photographer. B. A cartoonist. C. An art collector. 12. What is the potential problem of the AI tools according to the speakers? A. Their costs are increasing. B. They can’t identify mistakes. C. Companies hardly use them. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a classroom. B. At a gym. C. In a café. 14. What is the man learning to do now? A. Create mini landscape scenes. B. Paint his garden. C. Dra w pictures. 15. How did the man probably feel while introducing his hobby? A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Proud. 16. Why does the woman support the man’s hobby? A. It relates to his future career. B. It helps him fit in with friends. C. It develops traditional Chinese culture. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题 17. What is the main purpose of the speech? A. To discuss a promotion. B. To congratulate on retirement. C. To introduce the change of leadership. 18. What happened to the company around 2000? A. It had a new boss. B. It was officially established. C. It expanded into the global market. 19. How does the speaker describe Shen Hai’s character? A Good-natured and hardworking. B. Flexible and understanding. C. Strict and fair. 20. What is the most important to the speaker? A. Environmental protection. B. The employees’ benefits. C. The company’s goals. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Yellowstone Poster Exhibition to Be on View at UW’s Coe Library A first-of-its-kind exhibition that focuses on the history of Yellowstone National Park posters will be on display at the University of Wyoming’s Coe Library from Tuesday, February 1. “Wonderland Illustrated” will present posters and poster-style illustrations of the park spanning more than a century from the 1870s through 2022. The exhibition will be located on Level 3 of Coe Library. It will be on view through Friday, May 27. The exhibition takes place at the same time as this year’s 150th anniversary of the creation of Yellowstone National Park. The posters in the exhibition serve the purpose of both advertising and art. “We’re thrilled to be working with Yellowstone collectors Jack and Susan Davis, and Larry and Thea Lancaster to bring this exhibition to the University of Wyoming as part of year-long celebrations recognizing Yellowstone’s 150th anniversary,” says Tamsen Hert, head of UW Libraries’ Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections. “This exhibition involves the history of printing, art, photography and advertising over 16 decades. The images reproduced are found on travel brochures, postcards and maps — many of which are held in our collections.” One poster from the exhibition — Henry Wellge’s “Yellowstone National Park” from 1904 — was recently purchased with donated funds and is now part of UW Libraries’ Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections. Wellge, a productive artist of bird’s-eye views, designed the piece for the Northern Pacific Railroad, which used it to advertise the park. This is a unique piece, as posters such as this one were printed on soft paper and very few have survived. 1. How long will the exhibition “Wonderland Illustrated” last? A. About two weeks. B. About four months. C. About three months. D. About one year. 2. What is a purpose of the exhibition? A. To remember a famous artist. B. To mark the anniversary of a national park. C. To raise funds for Coe Library. D. To tell the history of the University of Wyoming. 3. What do we know about the 1904 poster Henry Wellge designed? A. It is owned by a professor. B. It is in black and white. C. It is printed on cloth. D. It is rare in the world. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，介绍了将在怀俄明大学Coe图书馆举办的一场特别的展览，这场展览名为“Wonderland Illustrated”，专注于展示黄石国家公园海报的历史。展览将从2月1日开始，持续到5月27日，以庆祝黄石国家公园成立150周年。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A first-of-its-kind exhibition that focuses on the history of Yellowstone National Park posters will be on display at the University of Wyoming’s Coe Library from Tuesday, February 1. (一个关于黄石国家公园海报历史的首创展览将于2月1日星期二在怀俄明大学Coe图书馆展出)”以及第二段“It will be on view through Friday, May 27.(展览将持续至5月27日，星期五)”可知，展览从2月1日开始，到5月27日结束，大约持续了四个月的时间。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The exhibition takes place at the same time as this year’s 150th anniversary of the creation of Yellowstone National Park.(此次展览与今年黄石国家公园建园150周年纪念活动同期举行)”可知，展览的目的是为了纪念黄石国家公园成立150周年。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This is a unique piece, as posters such as this one were printed on soft paper and very few have survived.(这是一件独一无二的展品，因为这种海报是印在软纸上的，留存下来的很少)”可知，Henry Wellge设计的1904年的海报非常罕见，因为这样的海报是印在软纸上的，而且保存下来的非常少。可推理出这种海报在世界上是罕见的，故选D项。 B Growing up in Kenya, Leseir Mutunkei, together with his family, always celebrated significant occasions by planting trees, which motivated him to protect the environment. It’s what the 18-year-old soccer player treasures, especially since Kenya’s ongoing problem-deforestation. Lesein follows in the footsteps of the late Kenyan Nobel Peace Prize winner Wangari Maathai who founded the Green Belt Movement in 1977. This initiative has resulted in the planting of over 51 million trees to date. In 2018, Lesein decided to start a movement of his own. He started by planting one tree for every goal he scored during a football match. He called it Trees 4 Goals, and when he scores a goal, he plants 11 trees — one to represent each player on his team. Through this, he wants to inspire young people, specifically his fellow athletes, to follow in his footsteps, take nature conservation seriously, and promise to plant trees every time they score. As a result, some of them have adapted this practice for respective sports. “Seeing that they’re taking that responsibility because of the project I started, I think that is the biggest achievement,” he said. The initiative has caught the attention of Arsenal Football Club and Kenya’s Ministry of Environment, Climate Change and Forestry, which he now works with regularly and gets advice from. Like the Green Belt Movement, Trees 4 Goals, which has planted over 5,500 trees so far, has made it. While Lesein has received some recognition for his initiative, he sets his sights on making it a worldwide phenomenon. “Football is a universal game, and climate change is a universal problem,” he explains. “It has the power to unite, educate and inspire my generation to create a safer and greener future.” This is why he wants to work with the world’s biggest football federation FIFA. As for what others can do to fight deforestation or other environmental concerns, Lesein says its important to just get involved in some way, no matter how small. 4. What made Lesein get interested in environmental protection? A. His fellow athletes’ encouragement. B. The demands of the football team. C. The influence of his family. D. Wangari Maathai’s considerable assistance. 5. Why did Lesein found Trees 4 Goals? A. To set an example for others. B. To show his achievements. C. To gain Kenya’s support. D. To catch Arsenal Football Club’s attention. 6. What is Lesein’s hope for the future of Trees 4 Goals? A. Promoting football’s development. B. Getting beyond the Green Belt Movement. C. Beating climate change completely. D. Going global with the help of FIFA. 7. What can we learn from Lesein’s story? A. Fame is a great thirst of the young. B. Positive thinking and action result in success. C. A youth is to be regarded with respect. D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。肯尼亚18岁足球运动员Lesein Mutunkei发起一项运动，旨在激励年轻人关注环保，得到多方支持。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Growing up in Kenya, Leseir Mutunkei, together with his family, always celebrated significant occasions by planting trees, which motivated him to protect the environment. (在肯尼亚长大的Leseir Mutunkei和他的家人总是通过植树来庆祝重要的节日，这促使他保护环境)”可知，Lesein家庭的影响让Lesein对环境保护感兴趣。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Through this, he wants to inspire young people, specifically his fellow athletes, to follow in his footsteps, take nature conservation seriously, and promise to plant trees every time they score. (他希望借此激励年轻人，特别是他的运动员同伴，跟随他的脚步，认真对待自然保护，并承诺每次得分都要植树)”可知，Lesein发起这一运动是为了作出表率来激励他人保护环境，为他人树立榜样。故选A。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“While Lesein has received some recognition for his initiative, he sets his sights on making it a worldwide phenomenon. (虽然Lesein的倡议得到了一些认可，但他的目标是让它成为一种全球现象)”及“This is why he wants to work with the world’s biggest football federation FIFA. (这就是为什么他想与世界上最大的足球联盟国际足联合作)”可知，Lesein希望在国际足联的帮助下让这一运动走向全球。故选D。 7题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“Growing up in Kenya, Leseir Mutunkei, together with his family, always celebrated significant occasions by planting trees, which motivated him to protect the environment. It’s what the 18-year-old soccer player treasures, especially since Kenya’s ongoing problem-deforestation. (在肯尼亚长大的Leseir Mutunkei和他的家人总是通过植树来庆祝重要的节日，这促使他保护环境。这是这位18岁的足球运动员所珍惜的，尤其是在肯尼亚持续存在的森林砍伐问题之后)”和第二段“Lesein follows in the footsteps of the late Kenyan Nobel Peace Prize winner Wangari Maathai who founded the Green Belt Movement in 1977. This initiative has resulted in the planting of over 51 million trees to date. (Mutunkei追随了已故的肯尼亚诺贝尔和平奖得主Wangari Maathai的脚步，后者于1977年创立了绿带运动。迄今为止，这一举措已导致种植了5100多万棵树)”和倒数第三段“The initiative has caught the attention of Arsenal Football Club and Kenya’s Ministry of Environment, Climate Change and Forestry, which he now works with regularly and gets advice from. (这项倡议引起了阿森纳足球俱乐部和肯尼亚环境、气候变化和林业部的注意，他现在经常与他们合作，并从他们那里得到建议)”可知，Lesein从小耳濡目染，很有环保意识，后来受到诺贝尔和平奖的获得者Wangari Maathai发起的“绿带运动”的启发，也发起了一项激励他人保护环境的运动，并取得了成功。他的故事说明：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。故选B。 C Food packaging from around the world contains at least 68 “forever chemicals” that can seep into what we eat, a new study finds. And 61 of them are not even supposed to be used in such products. “It’s not clear why the latter chemicals, which are not on lists of those authorized for use in food containers, are in such packaging.” says the study’s author Birgit Geueke. The study focused on a class of chemicals called perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), which are sometimes called “forever chemicals” because they don’t break down readily in the environment or in the body. That’s because their characteristic carbon-fluorine bond is one of the strongest in nature. For decades, these substances have been used in a wide range of consumer products, from cookware to pesticides to cosmetics, because they are proof against water and grease. Geueke and her team found a mismatch between what they detected in actual products and a database of PFAS chemicals authorized for use in food packaging. About 140 PFASs are known to be used in food packaging, but only seven of the 68 chemicals in the study were on this list. Geueke says it’s unclear how or why the other 61 chemicals turned up. David Andrews, a chemist and toxicologist at a nonprofit environmental advocacy organization, suggests it’s possible that unknown impurities emerged during the manufacturing of the authorized chemicals or that the authorized PFASs degrade over time. This class of chemicals includes many long-chain molecules, and they can break into shorter chains that are simply different types of PFASs. PFASs have been found in human blood and breast milk, drinking water, soil and other startling places around the world. Exposure to some of the most studied PFASs has been associated with cancer, reproductive problems and lessened responses to vaccines. “There’s an incredible body of scientific evidence linking PFAS chemicals to health harm,” says Andrews. Many countries are evaluating restrictions of PFASs in food packaging. Chemical industry representatives have advocated for dealing with PFASs as individual chemicals. Before publishing the new study, Scientific American reached out to the American Chemistry Council (ACC), a chemistry industry trade association, about it, but the organization did not reply. On its dedicated PFAS webpage, ACC notes that “all PFASs are not the same. Each individual chemical has its own unique properties and uses.” Andrews and Geueke both say the presence of unknown PFASs in food packaging is good reason to regulate these chemicals as a single class — a position shared with many other scientific experts and environmental protection groups. There are more than 12,000 known PFASs, and scientists don’t know much about most of them. “Only some PFASs have ever been tested for toxicity,” Geueke says, and “there are probably other ways to produce food packaging.” 8. What can we learn about PFASs from the passage? A. They are able to resist water and grease. B. They last long and never break down. C. They contain the longest chemical bond. D. They are mainly used for food packaging. 9. What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A. The potential usage of the unknown impurities. B. The authorization of food packaging chemicals. C. The likely transforming process from PFASs into new chemicals. D. The possible explanation for the presence of unauthorized PFASs. 10. What can we learn from paragraph 5? A. Chemical industry has worked out ways to use PFASs safely in different products. B. ACC agrees with chemical industry representatives regarding PFASs. C. Scientific American has got the authoritative power in dealing with PFASs. D. ACC supports testing more unknown PFASs for toxicity. 11. Which would Geueke probably agree with? A. Laws should be made to ban the use of PFASs. B. Food packaging alternatives should be explored. C. The chemicals in food packaging should be listed. D. Scientists should continue discovering new PFASs. 【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界各地的食品包装中至少含有68种“永久化学物质”，它们会渗入我们所吃的食物中。一项新的研究发现。其中61种甚至不应该用于此类产品。对此科学家进行了研究。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The study focused on a class of chemicals called perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), which are sometimes called “forever chemicals” because they don’t break down readily in the environment or in the body. That’s because their characteristic carbon-fluorine bond is one of the strongest in nature. For decades, these substances have been used in a wide range of consumer products, from cookware to pesticides to cosmetics, because they are proof against water and grease. (这项研究的重点是一类被称为全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）的化学物质，它们有时被称为“永久化学物质”，因为它们在环境或体内不易分解。这是因为它们特有的碳氟键是自然界中最强的键之一。几十年来，这些物质被广泛应用于各种消费品中，从炊具到杀虫剂再到化妆品，因为它们可以防水和防油脂。)”可知，PFASs能抵抗水和油脂。故选A。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Geueke and her team found a mismatch between what they detected in actual products and a database of PFAS chemicals authorized for use in food packaging. About 140 PFASs are known to be used in food packaging, but only seven of the 68 chemicals in the study were on this list. Geueke says it’s unclear how or why the other 61 chemicals turned up. David Andrews, a chemist and toxicologist at a nonprofit environmental advocacy organization, suggests it’s possible that unknown impurities emerged during the manufacturing of the authorized chemicals or that the authorized PFASs degrade over time. This class of chemicals includes many long-chain molecules, and they can break into shorter chains that are simply different types of PFASs. ( Geueke和她的团队发现，他们在实际产品中检测到的PFAS化学物质与授权用于食品包装的PFAS化学物质数据库不匹配。已知约有140种全氟辛烷化合物用于食品包装，但研究中68种化学物质中只有7种在清单上。Geueke说，目前还不清楚其他61种化学物质是如何或为什么出现的。非营利环保组织的化学家和毒理学家David Andrews认为，可能是在生产授权化学品的过程中出现了未知的杂质，或者是授权的全氟辛醚随着时间的推移而降解。这类化学物质包括许多长链分子，它们可以分解成不同类型的PFASs的短链。)”可知，第3段主要是关于存在未经授权的PFASs的可能解释。故选D。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第五段“Chemical industry representatives have advocated for dealing with PFASs as individual chemicals. Before publishing the new study, Scientific American reached out to the American Chemistry Council (ACC), a chemistry industry trade association, about it, but the organization did not reply. On its dedicated PFAS webpage, ACC notes that “all PFASs are not the same. Each individual chemical has its own unique properties and uses.” (化学工业代表主张将全氟辛烷磺酸作为单独的化学品来处理。在发表这项新研究之前，《科学美国人》就此事联系了化学工业贸易协会美国化学理事会（ACC），但该组织没有回复。ACC在其专门的PFAS网页上指出，“并非所有PFAS都相同。每种化学物质都有其独特的性质和用途。”)”可知，ACC没有回应Scientific American的询问，但ACC在其网页上指出“并非所有PFAS都相同。每种化学物质都有其独特的性质和用途。”。这表明ACC同意化学行业代表的观点。故选B。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段““Only some PFASs have ever been tested for toxicity,” Geueke says, and “there are probably other ways to produce food packaging.”Ss have ever been tested for toxicity,” Geueke says, and “there are probably other ways to produce food packaging.”(Geueke说：“只有一些全氟辛烷磺酸被测试过毒性，可能还有其他生产食品包装的方法。”)”可知，Geueke认同应探索食品包装替代品。故选B。 D Picture this: Your computer could sense your emotions as you worked — feeling your joy at completing a task, your boredom during repetitive data entry, or your frustration when an error message keeps emerging. This might sound like science fiction, but researchers are bringing this vision closer to reality by developing advanced computational models that can predict human emotions during computer interactions. At the forefront of this effort is a team of Finnish scientists who have created a model. The model essentially puts itself in the user’s shoes, simulating (模拟) the series of actions, outcomes, and cognitive appraisals (认知评估) that ultimately give rise to emotions like happiness, boredom, or frustration. To test their model, the researchers designed a series of interactive computer tasks meant to cause specific emotions. In the “happiness” task, users answered a series of questions and received positive feedback for correct responses. The “boredom” task involved a series of repetitive questions. In the “frustration” task, the system was intentionally programmed to display error messages and ultimately fail, regardless of the user’s answers. As study participants worked through these tasks, the emotional reactions predicted by the model closely matched the emotions reported by the users themselves. The model was even able to discover small changes, such as a steady increase in frustration over the course of the error-ridden task. The researchers believe their emotion-predicting model could pave the way for a new generation of emotionally intelligent computers that can tailor their behavior to the user’s psychological state. An effective system might offer a stressed user comforting words of encouragement, liven up a boring task with humor, or provide emotional assistance when frustration mounts. “By creating interactions that are more emotionally attuned, designers could boost user engagement, productivity, and overall well-being,” they add. However, the model is still in progress and needs to be extended to recognize a wider range of emotions across more complex, real-world computer interactions. The researchers also emphasize the importance of gathering more diverse training data to ensure the model can accurately predict emotions for users of all backgrounds. 12. How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A. By making a comparison. B. By creating an imaginary scene. C. By telling a real life story. D. By sharing a popular book. 13. What were computer users asked to do in the study? A. Comfort each other. B. Report their feelings. C. Get rid of boredom. D. Stay disconnected online. 14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Great improvements on the model. B. Characteristics of future computer users. C. Researchers’ expectation of their model. D. Computer users’ responses to the model. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Smart Computers May Replace Humans B. Interactions with Computers Are Enjoyable C. Computers Might Understand Our Emotions D. An Emotion-predicting Model Meets Challenges 【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。芬兰科学家设计了能够预测人类在使用计算机过程中所展现的情绪的计算机模型。这一模型有望为新一代的情感智能计算机铺路。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Picture this: Your computer could sense your emotions as you worked— feeling your joy at completing a task, your boredom during repetitive data entry, or your frustration when an error message keeps emerging. (想象一下：你的电脑可以在你工作时感觉到你的情绪——感觉到完成任务的快乐，重复数据输入时的无聊，或者当错误消息不断出现时的沮丧。) ”可知，作者通过创造一个想象中的场景来引入文本的主题，即计算机能够感知用户的情绪。故选B项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the “happiness” task, users answered a series of questions and received positive feedback for correct responses. The “boredom” task involved a series of repetitive questions. In the “frustration” task, the system was intentionally programmed to display error messages and ultimately fail, regardless of the user’s answers. (在“幸福”任务中，用户回答了一系列问题，并收到了正确答案的积极反馈。“无聊”任务涉及一系列重复的问题。在“挫折”任务中，系统被有意编程为显示错误消息并最终失败，而不管用户的答案如何。) ”可知，参与者在不同任务中被要求回答问题、接受反馈等任务，而这些任务设计的目的是引发特定的情绪，即计算机使用者在研究中需要告知他们的感受。故选B项。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“The researchers believe their emotion-predicting model could pave the way for a new generation of emotionally intelligent computers that can tailor their behavior to the user’s psychological state. (研究人员相信，他们的情绪预测模型可以为新一代情绪智能计算机铺平道路，这些计算机可以根据用户的心理状态调整他们的行为。) ”可知，本段主要介绍了研究人员对这个模型的期待——希望它能为新一代的情感智能计算机铺路，而不是模型本身的改进、未来计算机用户的特点或计算机用户对模型的反应。故选C项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Picture this: Your computer could sense your emotions as you worked— feeling your joy at completing a task, your boredom during repetitive data entry, or your frustration when an error message keeps emerging. (想象一下：你的电脑可以在你工作时感觉到你的情绪——感觉到完成任务的快乐，重复数据输入时的无聊，或者当错误消息不断出现时的沮丧。) ”和第二段“At the forefront of this effort is a team of Finnish scientists who have created a model. The model essentially puts itself in the user’s shoes, simulating (模拟) the series of actions, outcomes, and cognitive appraisals (认知评估) that ultimately give rise to emotions like happiness, boredom, or frustration. (这项工作的最前沿是一个芬兰科学家团队，他们创建了一个模型。该模型本质上是设身处地地为用户着想，模拟一系列最终导致幸福、无聊或沮丧等情绪的行为、结果和认知评估。) ”可知，本文主要介绍了芬兰科学家设计的能够预测人类在使用计算机过程中所展现的情绪的计算机模型，这说明计算机也许能够理解人类的情绪了。故选C项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Picture this: you’re baking cookies. As you lift the pan out of the oven, your bare arm accidentally touches it. Ouch! Why did you feel pain? And how is your brain involved in sensing pain? We may not like pain, but our bodies need it as a warning system. ____16____ There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nociceptors”. When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus, it sends a message into the brain. The brain processes that information, and then pain is felt. ____17____ Think about a time when you’ve stubbed your toe. There doesn’t seem to be a delay between hitting your toe and then feeling pain: it feels like it happens at the same time. ____18____ If we have an injury, pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal. If we stand too close to a fire, pain tells us to move away. Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous. Some people can feel sensations like touch, but they cannot feel pain. Without feeling pain, they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal. On the other hand, the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn’t any actual injury to the body. Here’s a famous story: a man stepped on a nail. It went through the bottom of his shoe, and he felt like he was in horrible pain. When the doctors removed his shoe, they found that the nail was between his toes! It hadn’t gone into his foot at all. ____19____ So his brain perceived pain to match the experience. Without pain, we might not know when we could need to rest. We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. ____20____ However, it is an important part of human life and survival! A. Pain is not fun to feel. B. Pain is a response to a stimulus. C. Our brains use sensory information to interpret the pain that we feel. D. Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling it is necessary for human survival. E. All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive. F. It is an important function of our brain, telling our bodies when something is wrong. G. However, the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm. 【答案】16. F 17. E 18. D 19. G 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文体裁为说明文。文章通过日常生活中的例子解释了疼痛的感觉机制、疼痛对人类生存的重要作用及其有时与实际伤害无关的现象，旨在向读者普及关于疼痛的生物学知识及其对身体健康的意义。 【16题详解】 由上文“Picture this: you’re baking cookies. As you lift the pan out of the oven, your bar e arm accidentally touches it. Ouch! Why did you feel pain? And how is your brain involved in sensing pain? We may not like pain, but our bodies need it as a warning system. (想象一下：你在烤饼干。当你把平底锅从烤箱里拿出来的时候，你的手臂不小心碰到了它。哎哟！你为什么感到疼痛？你的大脑是如何感知疼痛的？我们可能不喜欢疼痛，但我们的身体需要它作为一种警告系统。)”可知，接下来的句子会进一步阐述疼痛作为一种警告系统的功能。因此，选项F“It is an important function of our brain, telling our bodies when something is wrong (这是大脑的一项重要功能，它告诉我们的身体何时出了问题)”承接了上文的“警告系统”，符合题意。故选F。 【17题详解】 由上文“There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nociceptors”. When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus, it sends a message into the brain. The brain processes that information, and then pain is felt. (我们的皮肤和身体中有一些特殊的受体细胞，它们对某些刺激很敏感。这些细胞被称为“伤害感受器”。当伤害感受器受到疼痛刺激时，它会向大脑发送信息。大脑处理这些信息，然后感觉疼痛。)”可知，上文描述了疼痛信号如何从皮肤的受体细胞发送到大脑并被感知的过程，紧接着应该继续讨论这一过程。因此，选项E“All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive (所有这些信号发送和处理的速度都快于我们的感知速度)”解释了为什么疼痛感觉似乎是即时发生的，能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 【18题详解】 由下文“If we have an injury, pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal. If we stand too close to a fire, pain tells us to move away. Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous. Some people can feel sensations like touch, but they cannot feel pain. Without feeling pain, they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal. (如果我们受伤了，疼痛会提醒我们休息，让伤口愈合。如果我们站得离火太近，疼痛会告诉我们走开。感觉不到疼痛是很危险的。有些人能感觉到触摸之类的感觉，但他们感觉不到疼痛。如果感觉不到疼痛，当他们需要休息或治疗时，他们就无法倾听自己身体的声音。)”可知，本空之后的内容讲述的是疼痛的实际作用，比如提醒我们休息和避免进一步伤害。因此，这里需要一个过渡句来引出疼痛的正面意义。选项D“Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary for human survival (尽管疼痛是一种不愉快的感觉，但它对人类生存是必要的)”既承认了疼痛的负面特性，又引出了其必要性，能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。 【19题详解】 由上文“On the other hand, the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn’t any actual injury to the body. Here’s a famous story: a man stepped on a nail. It went through the bottom of his shoe, and he felt like he was in horrible pain. When the doctors removed his shoe, they found that the nail was between his toes! It hadn’t gone into his foot at all. (另一方面，大脑有时在对身体没有任何实际伤害的情况下处理疼痛。这里有一个著名的故事：一个人踩到了钉子。它穿过了他的鞋底，他感到非常痛苦。当医生脱掉他的鞋子时，他们发现钉子在他的脚趾之间！它根本没有进到他的脚里)”可知，这个故事的例子说明了即使没有实际受伤，大脑也可能感知到疼痛。因此，需要一个选项来解释这种现象。选项G“However, the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm (然而，视觉信息欺骗了他的大脑，使其认为有理由警觉)”很好地解释了为何在没有实际伤害的情况下，这个人仍然感到疼痛，因为大脑根据错误的信息做出了反应，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 【20题详解】 由上文“Without pain, we might not know when we could need to rest. We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. (没有疼痛，我们可能不知道什么时候需要休息。我们可能不知道我们是否有伤害自己的危险。)”和下文“However, it is an important part of human life and survival! (然而，它是人类生命和生存的重要组成部分！)”可知，本空需要一个总结性的句子，重申疼痛虽不愉快，但对于人类生存的重要性。选项A“Pain is not fun to feel (感受疼痛并不有趣)”自然而然地引向了全文的结论，即疼痛作为一种必要的预警机制对于生存的价值，能承接上文，并于下文构成转折，符合题意。故选A。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But,___21___, words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often___22___the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business—___23___that the customer remains a customer.___24___to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing___25___, this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost. Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the___26___implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big___27___in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to___28___increases of between 25 and 85 per cent. In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and___29___never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in_____30_____profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience). The logic behind cultivating customer_____31_____is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to_____32_____them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits._____33_____customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price_____34_____, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it_____35_____for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market. 21 A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all 22. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe 23. A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving 24. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing 25. A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses 26. A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical 27. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference 28. A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget 29. A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary 30. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable 31. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest 32. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting 33. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected 34. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive 35. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了很多公司把很多精力放在了吸引顾客的方面，而很少去关注如何留住老顾客，并说明留住老顾客的重要性。 【21题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：但事实上，智慧的话语很快就会被遗忘。A. in particular特别地；B. in reality事实上；C. at least至少；D. first of all首先。根据上文“It sounds simple and achievable. But”可知，此处表示事实上这并不那么简单。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司一旦吸引了顾客，他们常常忽略故事的另一部分。A. emphasize强调；B. doubt怀疑；C. overlook忽略；D. believe相信。根据下文“the second half of the story”以及“They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— ___3___ that the customer remains a customer.”可知，在成功吸引顾客之后，公司常常会忽略另一部分。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们忘记了他们认为业务中令人厌烦的一面——确保顾客仍然是顾客。A. denying拒绝；B. ensuring确保；C. arguing争吵；D. proving 证明。根据下文“that the customer remains a customer.”可知，此处表示确保顾客不会流失，顾客仍然是顾客。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：未能像吸引顾客那样留住顾客每年都会使企业花费巨额成本。A. Moving移动；B. Hoping希望；C. Starting开始；D. Failing未能。根据下文“costs business huge amounts of money annually.”可知，此处表示未能像吸引顾客那样留住顾客，fail to do sth.表示“未能做某事”。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在持续变化的市场中，这并不令人吃惊。A. markets市场；B. tastes味道；C. prices价格；D. expenses花费。根据上文“It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years.”以及常识可知，此处表示公司所处的持续变化的市场。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到现在，组织才开始意识到那些失去的机会，并计算其对财务的影响。A. culture文化的；B. social社会的；C. financial财务的；D. economical经济的。根据下文“Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting customers led to ___8___ increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.”可知，组织意识到失去的机会对于财务的影响。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：减少一个公司失去的顾客数量会对它的业绩产生重大影响。A. promise承诺；B. plan计划；C. mistake错误；D. difference区别。根据上文“Cutting down the number of customers a company loses”可知，减少失去的顾客数量会对公司业绩产生重大影响，make a difference表示“有影响”，符合语境。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国的研究发现，流失的顾客数量减少5%，会导致预算增加25%至85%。A. cost费用；B. opportunity机会；C. profit利润；D. budget预算。根据下文“____13____ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers.”可知，原有顾客的服务成本更低，所以顾客流失会导致预算增加。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：一个顾客在第一次访问时收到了质量较差的产品或服务，结果再也没有回来，这将使公司损失数千美元的潜在利润（如果你考虑到他们可能会告诉多少人他们的糟糕经历，这会更多）。A. as a result结果；B. on the whole总体来讲；C. in conclusion总之；D. on the contrary相反。根据上文“A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit”可知，此处表示结果是顾客再也不会回来。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个顾客在第一次访问时收到了质量较差的产品或服务，结果再也没有回来，这将使公司损失数千美元的潜在利润（如果你考虑到他们可能会告诉多少人他们的糟糕经历，这会更多）。A. huge巨大的；B. potential潜在的；C. extra额外的；D. reasonable合情合理的。根据下文“more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience”以及常识可知，此处表示公司会失去潜在的顾客，损失潜在的利润。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：培养顾客忠诚度背后的逻辑是不可否认的。A. beliefs相信；B. loyalty忠诚；C. habits习惯；D. interest兴趣。根据下文“Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits.”可知，此处表示留住顾客，培养顾客的忠诚度。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：实际上，大多数公司的营销努力都集中在吸引顾客上，而很少注意到如何留住顾客。A. altering改变；B. understanding理解；C. keeping留下；D. attracting吸引。根据上文“most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to”可知，公司会努力吸引顾客，但是很少注意到如何留住顾客。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与新顾客相比，老顾客倾向于购买更多、可预测且通常服务成本更低。A. Assumed假定的；B. Respected受尊重的；C. Established已建立的；D. Unexpected意想不到的。根据下文“than new customers”可知，此处表示已经建立的顾客，即老顾客。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，他们往往对价格不太敏感，可能会提供免费的口碑广告。A. agreeable一致的；B. flexible灵活的；C. friendly友好的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据上文“____13____ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price”可知，此处介绍老顾客的优势，他们对价格敏感度不高。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：留住顾客也使得竞争对手很难进入一个市场或增加他们的市场份额。A. unfair不公平的；B. difficult困难的；C. essential重要的；D. convenient方便的。根据下文“for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.”以及语境可知，此处表示留住顾客会使得竞争对手进入市场增加市场份额很困难。故选B。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Third Hunan Tourism Development Conference, ____36____ (hold) in Hengyang from Friday to Sunday, exemplified the province’s dedication to elevate its tourism industry to a new ____37____ (high). The conference featured 499 culture and tourism projects launched with ____38____ investment of more than 357.5 billion yuan. These projects covered areas such as low-altitude flights, high-quality accommodation, and industrial tourism. Shen Xiaoming Party chief of Hunan, opened the conference ____39____ Saturday night, ____40____ (say) that the province has seen rapid development in recent years. To leverage the strength of the province, the conference is actively advertising the high-quality development of the tourism industry. It wants to launch more distinctive culture and tourism products, ____41____ (rich) the tourism industrial chain, increase tourism’s added value, ____42____ create favorable conditions for tourism enterprises to invest and do business in the province. Mao Weiming, governor of Hunan, said Hengyang ____43____ (build) a brand-new image before holding the conference. The city has been revitalizing its old streets and industrial areas to create new cultural tourism scenes, such as the Baoweili project, which has become a key spot for leisure and entertainment. Additionally, Hengyang is also known for the Shigu Academy, one of the four well-known Chinese academies, ____44____ visitors can enjoy ancient buildings and academic culture. Hunan will make the most efforts to improve the travel experience and upgrade the image of ____45____ (it) tourism industry to make the province a hot tourism destination. 【答案】36. held 37. height 38. an 39. on 40. saying 41. enrich 42. and 43. had built 44. where 45. its 【解析】 【导语】本文的体裁是新闻报道。文章报道了第三届湖南旅游发展大会的相关信息，包括会议的时间、地点、主要内容和目标，以及湖南省领导的讲话和对未来的展望。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：第三届湖南旅游发展大会于周五至周日在衡阳举行，体现了湖南省提升旅游业的决心。本句谓语为exemplified，此处为非谓语动词，且The Third Hunan Tourism Development Conference与hold“举行”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填held。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：第三届湖南旅游发展大会于周五至周日在衡阳举行，体现了湖南省提升旅游业的决心。本空用名词height“高度”，作介词to的宾语。故填height。 【38题详解】 考查冠词。句意：大会推出了499个文化和旅游项目，一项超过3575亿元的总投资。此处泛指“一项投资”，且investment以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：湖南省委书记沈晓明在周六晚开幕式上表示，近年来湖南省发展迅速。表示在具体某一天的晚上，用介词on。故填on。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：湖南省委书记沈晓明在周六晚开幕式上表示，近年来湖南省发展迅速。本句谓语为opened，此处为非谓语动词，且Shen Xiaoming与say“说”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填saying。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：大会希望推出更多特色文化旅游产品，丰富旅游产业链，提高旅游业附加值，为旅游企业在省内投资和经营创造有利条件。本句谓语为wants，此处为非谓语动词。enrich“丰富”，本空用省略to的不定式，与to launch并列，作宾语。故填enrich。 【42题详解】 考查连词。句意：大会希望推出更多特色文化旅游产品，丰富旅游产业链，提高旅游业附加值，为旅游企业在省内投资和经营创造有利条件。the tourism industrial chain, increase tourism’s added value和create favorable conditions for tourism enterprises to invest and do business in the province为并列关系，用连词and连接。故填and。 【43题详解】 考查时态。句意：湖南省省长毛伟明表示，衡阳在举办大会前打造了全新的形象。本空为said后宾语从句的谓语，且build“创建”发生在said之前，从句时态用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。故填had built。 【44题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：此外，衡阳还以石鼓书院而闻名，石鼓书院是中国四大著名书院之一，游客可以在这里欣赏古建筑和学术文化。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Shigu Academy，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【45题详解】 考查代词。句意：湖南省将尽最大努力改善旅游体验，提升旅游业的形象，使该省成为热门旅游目的地。本空用its，表示“它的”，作前置定语，修饰名词tourism industry。故填its。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假如你是李华，是一名高中生，你注意到学校很多学生不重视大课间跑操。请你写一封倡议书，鼓励同学们认真对待大课间跑操。需要囊括以下几个内容： 1. 倡议的原因2. 跑操的好处3. 呼吁大家积极参加体育锻炼 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 参考词汇：大课间跑操：jogging exercise ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear fellow students,   As a high school student, I have noticed that many of us are neglecting the importance of our jogging exercise during the long break. Therefore, I sincerely encourage all students to take it seriously.  Regular jogging not only strengthens our body but also helps relieve stress, enhances concentration, and boosts teamwork spirit. It is a precious opportunity to keep fit and cultivate perseverance. Let’s all take active participation in this exercise, as staying healthy is fundamental to our success. Remember, a healthy mind resides in a healthy body. Together, let’s embrace this beneficial activity.   Let’s start today!   Yours,   Li Hua   【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达为倡议书，李华作为高中生，注意到许多学生对大课间跑操不重视，需写信鼓励同学们重视。 【详解】1. 词汇积累： 重视某事：take sth. seriously → value sth. 解压：relieve stress → reduce stress 珍贵的：precious → prized/valuable 机会：opportunity → chance 2. 句式拓展： 简单句变复合句 原句：Regular jogging not only strengthens our body but also helps relieve stress. 拓展句：Regular jogging not only strengthens our body but also acts as a method, which helps us relieve stress. 【点睛】[高分句型1]As a high school student, I have noticed that many of us are neglecting the importance of our jogging exercise during the long break. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] Let’s all take active participation in this exercise, as staying healthy is fundamental to our success. (运用了as引导原因状语从句) 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下而材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 As a single mother, I’ve never doubted my daughter Jane’s dream to be a singer on the stage. At an early age, she was crazy about singing. Whenever she had a chance, she would sing to her heart’s content. Her sweet and charming voice tended to get people around attracted to her songs. Living in a small city, I took several odd jobs, determined to do everything in my power to support her. Soon after Jane attended school, her music teacher Mary noticed her talent by chance and volunteered to give her some guidance on how to sing. Jane practiced so hard that before long she made great progress in singing. Unfortunately, one noon a year later, Jane was crossing the street when a careless driver knocked her down. She was rushed to hospital. When I hurried there, the doctor told me that my daughter would probably not stand on her own feet. I froze with shock, feeling as if I had been thrown into a dark world. Weak and dizzy, I was about to fall to the ground when someone took hold of me. It was Mary, who got the news and raced here. She comforted me, saying firmly, “Grace, Jane needs you. You must stay calm and strong.” I nodded. Having calmed down, I entered the ward with Mary. That night, Jane recovered her consciousness (知觉) and opened her eyes. Holding her hand, I said, “My dear, everything would be fine.” Mary comforted her gently, “I know you are a strong girl, Jane. Don’t worry. We’ll be standing by you.” I was heartbroken to see tears streaming down Jane’s cheeks. After two months, we returned home from hospital. Her teachers and friends frequently visited her. Jane eventually accepted the fact that she would have to get around in a wheelchair. Never did she refer to the subject of singing again. I knew she was a nice and understanding girl, who was afraid that talking about her original dream would upset the two of us. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 One day, however, Mary came with good news. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When the host announced it was Jane’s turn, she was wheeled onto the stage. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 One day, however, Mary came with good news. She told Jane the school music festival was to be held the next month and that her classmates all expected her to sing on behalf of her class. Jane’s eyes sparkled but responded doubtfully, “Can I...?” Mary and I immediately assured her that she could make it. In the following month, with the help of Mary, Jane kept on practicing singing. Beautiful songs echoed in our house again and smiles began to appear on her face. Finally the big day came when she could present herself. When the host announced it was Jane’s turn, she was wheeled onto the stage. Jane was greeted with warm applause. As she began to sing, the audience got absorbed in her beautiful voice. Seconds after her performance, all the audience rose with thunderous cheers. When wheeled off stage, Jane received praise and bunches of flowers from her teachers and classmates. Jane was moved to tears. The kindness and encouragement from her teachers and classmates stimulated Jane’s enthusiasm for life, making her regain confidence in pursuing her original dream, which I will support wholeheartedly. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的女儿简梦想成为歌手，在她的音乐老师玛丽的帮助下，简为了她的梦想努力取得进步。突然有一天，简遭遇了车祸，以后都不能自己站起来了，必须坐轮椅四处走动，简再也没有提过唱歌的话题。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“然而，有一天，玛丽带来了好消息。”可知，第一段可描写玛丽告诉简希望她代表班级唱歌，简在玛丽的帮助下继续练习，终于可以展示自己了。 ②由第二段首句内容“当主持人宣布轮到简时，她被推上了舞台。”可知，第二段可描写简的歌声得到了老师和同学们的赞扬，简重新找回了最初追求梦想的信心。 2.续写线索：好消息——简怀疑自己——练习唱歌——开始表演——得到赞扬——找到信心 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①希望：expect/hope/wish ②回答：respond/reply/answer ③保证：assure/guarantee/ensure 情绪类 ①眼睛闪闪发光：eyes sparkle/eyes glitter ②感动：move/touch 【点睛】[高分句型1]As she began to sing, the audience got absorbed in her beautiful voice.（由连接词as引导时间状语从句） [高分句型2]The kindness and encouragement from her teachers and classmates stimulated Jane’s enthusiasm for life, making her regain confidence in pursuing her original dream, which I will support wholeheartedly.（由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衡阳市八中2024学年度高二上期第一次月考 英语试题 时量：120分钟 分值：150分 考试范围：必修一Unit 1至选必二Unit 2 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the woman do next? A. Dry her hair. B. Wash her hair. C. Take a shower. 2. When will the speakers probably start sailing tomorrow? A. In the early morning. B. Around noon. C. At midnight. 3. Who is Nolan probably? A. The speakers’ kid. B. The speakers’ teacher. C. The speakers’ audience. 4. What does the man like about the store? A. The selection. B. The service. C. The prices. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. Fruit. B. Sweets. C. Dance. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. When was the woman probably born? A. In 1991. B. In 1992. C. In 1993. 7. What music are the speakers listening to now? A. Rock music. B. Rap music. C. Pop music. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8. How did the man get to Edinburgh? A. By bus. B. By car. C. By train. 9. What nationality are the speakers probably? A. British B. German. C. American. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Why doesn’t the woman worry about AI art software? A. Her buyers reject AI’s creations. B It produces low-quality art works. C. She doesn’t work in the art industry. 11. Who is Marissa? A. A photographer. B. A cartoonist. C. An art collector. 12. What is the potential problem of the AI tools according to the speakers? A. Their costs are increasing. B. They can’t identify mistakes. C. Companies hardly use them. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a classroom. B. At a gym. C. In a café. 14. What is the man learning to do now? A. Create mini landscape scenes. B. Paint his garden. C. Dra w pictures. 15. How did the man probably feel while introducing his hobby? A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Proud. 16. Why does the woman support the man’s hobby? A. It relates to his future career. B. It helps him fit in with friends. C. It develops traditional Chinese culture. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题 17. What is the main purpose of the speech? A. To discuss a promotion. B. To congratulate on retirement. C. To introduce the change of leadership. 18. What happened to the company around 2000? A. It had a new boss. B. It was officially established. C. It expanded into the global market. 19. How does the speaker describe Shen Hai’s character? A. Good-natured and hardworking. B. Flexible and understanding. C. Strict and fair. 20. What is the most important to the speaker? A. Environmental protection. B. The employees’ benefits. C. The company’s goals. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Yellowstone Poster Exhibition to Be on View at UW’s Coe Library A first-of-its-kind exhibition that focuses on the history of Yellowstone National Park posters will be on display at the University of Wyoming’s Coe Library from Tuesday, February 1. “Wonderland Illustrated” will present posters and poster-style illustrations of the park spanning more than a century from the 1870s through 2022. The exhibition will be located on Level 3 of Coe Library. It will be on view through Friday, May 27. The exhibition takes place at the same time as this year’s 150th anniversary of the creation of Yellowstone National Park. The posters in the exhibition serve the purpose of both advertising and art. “We’re thrilled to be working with Yellowstone collectors Jack and Susan Davis, and Larry and Thea Lancaster to bring this exhibition to the University of Wyoming as part of year-long celebrations recognizing Yellowstone’s 150th anniversary,” says Tamsen Hert, head of UW Libraries’ Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections. “This exhibition involves the history of printing, art, photography and advertising over 16 decades. The images reproduced are found on travel brochures, postcards and maps — many of which are held in our collections.” One poster from the exhibition — Henry Wellge’s “Yellowstone National Park” from 1904 — was recently purchased with donated funds and is now part of UW Libraries’ Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections. Wellge, a productive artist of bird’s-eye views, designed the piece for the Northern Pacific Railroad, which used it to advertise the park. This is a unique piece, as posters such as this one were printed on soft paper and very few have survived. 1. How long will the exhibition “Wonderland Illustrated” last? A. About two weeks. B. About four months. C. About three months. D. About one year. 2. What is a purpose of the exhibition? A. To remember a famous artist. B. To mark the anniversary of a national park. C. To raise funds for Coe Library. D. To tell the history of the University of Wyoming. 3. What do we know about the 1904 poster Henry Wellge designed? A. It is owned by a professor. B. It is in black and white. C. It is printed on cloth. D. It is rare in the world. B Growing up in Kenya, Leseir Mutunkei, together with his family, always celebrated significant occasions by planting trees, which motivated him to protect the environment. It’s what the 18-year-old soccer player treasures, especially since Kenya’s ongoing problem-deforestation. Lesein follows in the footsteps of the late Kenyan Nobel Peace Prize winner Wangari Maathai who founded the Green Belt Movement in 1977 This initiative has resulted in the planting of over 51 million trees to date. In 2018, Lesein decided to start a movement of his own. He started by planting one tree for every goal he scored during a football match. He called it Trees 4 Goals, and when he scores a goal, he plants 11 trees — one to represent each player on his team. Through this, he wants to inspire young people, specifically his fellow athletes, to follow in his footsteps, take nature conservation seriously, and promise to plant trees every time they score. As a result, some of them have adapted this practice for respective sports. “Seeing that they’re taking that responsibility because of the project I started, I think that is the biggest achievement,” he said. The initiative has caught the attention of Arsenal Football Club and Kenya’s Ministry of Environment, Climate Change and Forestry, which he now works with regularly and gets advice from. Like the Green Belt Movement, Trees 4 Goals, which has planted over 5,500 trees so far, has made it. While Lesein has received some recognition for his initiative, he sets his sights on making it a worldwide phenomenon. “Football is a universal game, and climate change is a universal problem,” he explains. “It has the power to unite, educate and inspire my generation to create a safer and greener future.” This is why he wants to work with the world’s biggest football federation FIFA. As for what others can do to fight deforestation or other environmental concerns, Lesein says its important to just get involved in some way, no matter how small. 4. What made Lesein get interested in environmental protection? A. His fellow athletes’ encouragement. B. The demands of the football team. C. The influence of his family. D. Wangari Maathai’s considerable assistance. 5. Why did Lesein found Trees 4 Goals? A. To set an example for others. B. To show his achievements. C. To gain Kenya’s support. D. To catch Arsenal Football Club’s attention. 6. What is Lesein’s hope for the future of Trees 4 Goals? A. Promoting football’s development. B. Getting beyond the Green Belt Movement. C. Beating climate change completely. D. Going global with the help of FIFA. 7. What can we learn from Lesein’s story? A. Fame is a great thirst of the young. B Positive thinking and action result in success. C. A youth is to be regarded with respect. D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied. C Food packaging from around the world contains at least 68 “forever chemicals” that can seep into what we eat, a new study finds. And 61 of them are not even supposed to be used in such products. “It’s not clear why the latter chemicals, which are not on lists of those authorized for use in food containers, are in such packaging.” says the study’s author Birgit Geueke. The study focused on a class of chemicals called perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), which are sometimes called “forever chemicals” because they don’t break down readily in the environment or in the body. That’s because their characteristic carbon-fluorine bond is one of the strongest in nature. For decades, these substances have been used in a wide range of consumer products, from cookware to pesticides to cosmetics, because they are proof against water and grease. Geueke and her team found a mismatch between what they detected in actual products and a database of PFAS chemicals authorized for use in food packaging. About 140 PFASs are known to be used in food packaging, but only seven of the 68 chemicals in the study were on this list. Geueke says it’s unclear how or why the other 61 chemicals turned up. David Andrews, a chemist and toxicologist at a nonprofit environmental advocacy organization, suggests it’s possible that unknown impurities emerged during the manufacturing of the authorized chemicals or that the authorized PFASs degrade over time. This class of chemicals includes many long-chain molecules, and they can break into shorter chains that are simply different types of PFASs. PFASs have been found in human blood and breast milk, drinking water, soil and other startling places around the world. Exposure to some of the most studied PFASs has been associated with cancer, reproductive problems and lessened responses to vaccines. “There’s an incredible body of scientific evidence linking PFAS chemicals to health harm,” says Andrews. Many countries are evaluating restrictions of PFASs in food packaging. Chemical industry representatives have advocated for dealing with PFASs as individual chemicals. Before publishing the new study, Scientific American reached out to the American Chemistry Council (ACC), a chemistry industry trade association, about it, but the organization did not reply. On its dedicated PFAS webpage, ACC notes that “all PFASs are not the same. Each individual chemical has its own unique properties and uses.” Andrews and Geueke both say the presence of unknown PFASs in food packaging is good reason to regulate these chemicals as a single class — a position shared with many other scientific experts and environmental protection groups. There are more than 12,000 known PFASs, and scientists don’t know much about most of them. “Only some PFASs have ever been tested for toxicity,” Geueke says, and “there are probably other ways to produce food packaging.” 8. What can we learn about PFASs from the passage? A. They are able to resist water and grease. B. They last long and never break down. C. They contain the longest chemical bond. D. They are mainly used for food packaging. 9. What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A. The potential usage of the unknown impurities. B. The authorization of food packaging chemicals. C. The likely transforming process from PFASs into new chemicals. D. The possible explanation for the presence of unauthorized PFASs. 10. What can we learn from paragraph 5? A. Chemical industry has worked out ways to use PFASs safely in different products. B. ACC agrees with chemical industry representatives regarding PFASs. C. Scientific American has got the authoritative power in dealing with PFASs. D ACC supports testing more unknown PFASs for toxicity. 11. Which would Geueke probably agree with? A. Laws should be made to ban the use of PFASs. B. Food packaging alternatives should be explored. C. The chemicals in food packaging should be listed. D. Scientists should continue discovering new PFASs. D Picture this: Your computer could sense your emotions as you worked — feeling your joy at completing a task, your boredom during repetitive data entry, or your frustration when an error message keeps emerging. This might sound like science fiction, but researchers are bringing this vision closer to reality by developing advanced computational models that can predict human emotions during computer interactions. At the forefront of this effort is a team of Finnish scientists who have created a model. The model essentially puts itself in the user’s shoes, simulating (模拟) the series of actions, outcomes, and cognitive appraisals (认知评估) that ultimately give rise to emotions like happiness, boredom, or frustration. To test their model, the researchers designed a series of interactive computer tasks meant to cause specific emotions. In the “happiness” task, users answered a series of questions and received positive feedback for correct responses. The “boredom” task involved a series of repetitive questions. In the “frustration” task, the system was intentionally programmed to display error messages and ultimately fail, regardless of the user’s answers. As study participants worked through these tasks, the emotional reactions predicted by the model closely matched the emotions reported by the users themselves. The model was even able to discover small changes, such as a steady increase in frustration over the course of the error-ridden task. The researchers believe their emotion-predicting model could pave the way for a new generation of emotionally intelligent computers that can tailor their behavior to the user’s psychological state. An effective system might offer a stressed user comforting words of encouragement, liven up a boring task with humor, or provide emotional assistance when frustration mounts. “By creating interactions that are more emotionally attuned, designers could boost user engagement, productivity, and overall well-being,” they add. However, the model is still in progress and needs to be extended to recognize a wider range of emotions across more complex, real-world computer interactions. The researchers also emphasize the importance of gathering more diverse training data to ensure the model can accurately predict emotions for users of all backgrounds. 12. How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A. By making a comparison. B. By creating an imaginary scene. C. By telling a real life story. D. By sharing a popular book. 13. What were computer users asked to do in the study? A. Comfort each other. B. Report their feelings. C. Get rid of boredom. D. Stay disconnected online. 14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Great improvements on the model. B. Characteristics of future computer users. C. Researchers’ expectation of their model. D. Computer users’ responses to the model. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Smart Computers May Replace Humans B. Interactions with Computers Are Enjoyable C. Computers Might Understand Our Emotions D. An Emotion-predicting Model Meets Challenges 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Picture this: you’re baking cookies. As you lift the pan out of the oven, your bare arm accidentally touches it. Ouch! Why did you feel pain? And how is your brain involved in sensing pain? We may not like pain, but our bodies need it as a warning system. ____16____ There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nociceptors”. When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus, it sends a message into the brain. The brain processes that information, and then pain is felt. ____17____ Think about a time when you’ve stubbed your toe. There doesn’t seem to be a delay between hitting your toe and then feeling pain: it feels like it happens at the same time. ____18____ If we have an injury, pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal. If we stand too close to a fire, pain tells us to move away. Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous. Some people can feel sensations like touch, but they cannot feel pain. Without feeling pain, they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal. On the other hand, the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn’t any actual injury to the body. Here’s a famous story: a man stepped on a nail. It went through the bottom of his shoe, and he felt like he was in horrible pain. When the doctors removed his shoe, they found that the nail was between his toes! It hadn’t gone into his foot at all. ____19____ So his brain perceived pain to match the experience. Without pain, we might not know when we could need to rest. We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. ____20____ However, it is an important part of human life and survival! A. Pain is not fun to feel. B. Pain is a response to a stimulus. C. Our brains use sensory information to interpret the pain that we feel. D. Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary for human survival. E. All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive. F. It is an important function of our brain, telling our bodies when something is wrong. G. However, the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But,___21___, words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often___22___the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business—___23___that the customer remains a customer.___24___to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing___25___, this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost. Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the___26___implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big___27___in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to___28___increases of between 25 and 85 per cent. In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and___29___never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in_____30_____profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience). The logic behind cultivating customer_____31_____is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to_____32_____them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits._____33_____customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price_____34_____, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it_____35_____for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market. 21. A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all 22. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe 23. A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving 24. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing 25. A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses 26. A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical 27. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference 28. A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget 29. A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary 30. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable 31. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest 32. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting 33. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected 34. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive 35. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Third Hunan Tourism Development Conference, ____36____ (hold) in Hengyang from Friday to Sunday, exemplified the province’s dedication to elevate its tourism industry to a new ____37____ (high). The conference featured 499 culture and tourism projects launched with ____38____ investment of more than 357.5 billion yuan. These projects covered areas such as low-altitude flights, high-quality accommodation, and industrial tourism. Shen Xiaoming, Party chief of Hunan, opened the conference ____39____ Saturday night, ____40____ (say) that the province has seen rapid development in recent years. To leverage the strength of the province, the conference is actively advertising the high-quality development of the tourism industry. It wants to launch more distinctive culture and tourism products, ____41____ (rich) the tourism industrial chain, increase tourism’s added value, ____42____ create favorable conditions for tourism enterprises to invest and do business in the province. Mao Weiming, governor of Hunan, said Hengyang ____43____ (build) a brand-new image before holding the conference. The city has been revitalizing its old streets and industrial areas to create new cultural tourism scenes, such as the Baoweili project, which has become a key spot for leisure and entertainment. Additionally, Hengyang is also known for the Shigu Academy, one of the four well-known Chinese academies, ____44____ visitors can enjoy ancient buildings and academic culture. Hunan will make the most efforts to improve the travel experience and upgrade the image of ____45____ (it) tourism industry to make the province a hot tourism destination. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假如你是李华，是一名高中生，你注意到学校很多学生不重视大课间跑操。请你写一封倡议书，鼓励同学们认真对待大课间跑操。需要囊括以下几个内容： 1. 倡议的原因2. 跑操的好处3. 呼吁大家积极参加体育锻炼 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 参考词汇：大课间跑操：jogging exercise ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下而材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 As a single mother, I’ve never doubted my daughter Jane’s dream to be a singer on the stage. At an early age, she was crazy about singing. Whenever she had a chance, she would sing to her heart’s content. Her sweet and charming voice tended to get people around attracted to her songs. Living in a small city, I took several odd jobs, determined to do everything in my power to support her. Soon after Jane attended school, her music teacher Mary noticed her talent by chance and volunteered to give her some guidance on how to sing. Jane practiced so hard that before long she made great progress in singing. Unfortunately, one noon a year later, Jane was crossing the street when a careless driver knocked her down. She was rushed to hospital. When I hurried there, the doctor told me that my daughter would probably not stand on her own feet. I froze with shock, feeling as if I had been thrown into a dark world. Weak and dizzy, I was about to fall to the ground when someone took hold of me. It was Mary, who got the news and raced here. She comforted me, saying firmly, “Grace, Jane needs you. You must stay calm and strong.” I nodded. Having calmed down, I entered the ward with Mary. That night, Jane recovered her consciousness (知觉) and opened her eyes. Holding her hand, I said, “My dear, everything would be fine.” Mary comforted her gently, “I know you are a strong girl, Jane. Don’t worry. We’ll be standing by you.” I was heartbroken to see tears streaming down Jane’s cheeks. After two months, we returned home from hospital. Her teachers and friends frequently visited her. Jane eventually accepted the fact that she would have to get around in a wheelchair. Never did she refer to the subject of singing again. I knew she was a nice and understanding girl, who was afraid that talking about her original dream would upset the two of us. 注意：1.续写词数应150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 One day, however, Mary came with good news. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When the host announced it was Jane’s turn, she was wheeled onto the stage. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$