Unit 6 At One With Nature 介词+关系代词引导定语从句-2024级高一新生英语必修第一册自学资料库（外研版2019）

Unit 6 At One With Nature 基础知识自测清单 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如： The man who/whom /that you chatted with is a lawyer =The man with whom you chatted is a lawyer. 一、基本结构 1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人) ，即：介词+which/whom。 （1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. （2）He raised $2000 with which he built a well near a primary school in Uganda. （3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many interesting stories. 注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。 2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如： （1) The man (who/whom /that )you spoke to is a teacher. （2）The city（which/that）she lives in is far away. 注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如： look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等。 This is the girl ( that / which) you are looking for. The patient (who/whom /that )the nurse is looking after is her father. The issues that /which we should pay attention to are stressed again in the meeting. There are two babies who/whom/that we must take good care of. 二．关系副词when，where，why可用“介词＋which”来代替 关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词。其中 when=表时间的介词（如：in，at,during等）+which； Where=表地点的介词（如：in，at,on,under等）+which； Why=表原因的介词（如：for）+which (1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词＋which来代替关系副词when。 例如 I still can’t forget the day when/on which I entered my university. (2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词＋which来代替关系副词where。 This is the hotel where/in which I stayed last year. (3)当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。 There are many reasons why/for which people are attached to travelling. 三、关系代词前介词选择 1.一根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。 I never forget the day on which I made the decision. (on the day) 2. 二根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。 This is the dress on which I spent 1000 yuan. (spend money on sth.) 3.三根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。 These are my favourite shoes, with which I succeeded in getting to the top of the mountain. 专项训练 一、单项选择 1．Unfortunately, there wasn’t a single person in sight, ______ she could turn for help. A．to who B．to whom C．on who D．on whom 2．American women usually regard their best friend as someone ______ they can talk frequently. A．who B．to who C．about which D．with whom 3．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help. A．whom B．who C．to whom D．from whom 4．She told me that she had a beautiful story about a little boy ______ she was sure I should like better than The Scarlet Letter. A．which B．who C．about which D．of whom 5．Chapin _________ money is now no problem, will start a new film company with his friends. A．whose B．which C．for whom D．who 6．The two things _________ they felt very proud were their house and the diamond ring. A．about which B．of which C．in which D．for that 二、语法填空 1．Mr Alexander is the professor for I have the greatest respect. 2．Self-driving is an area in China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 3．As a business woman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for you feel affection (喜爱), customers can also drive you mad. 4．Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in they are dining. 5．This is the benchmark by students ultimately model their own passion to learn. 6．These terraces still mean a lot to the local people whom traditions hold much value. 7．Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree they can be controlled on purpose. 8．The woman my brother spoke just now is my teacher. 9．This is the reason he was late for the meeting. 10．A church is a building in Christians go to worship. 11．They made their way to the theme park near the church, around stood a lot of statues. 12．100 degrees centigrade is the temperature which water will boil. 13．In our city there are several big public parks to many people can go to enjoy the beautiful scenery. 14．The lazy boy is expecting a way he can get through the exams without hard work. 15．Written Chinese has also become an important means China’s present is connected with its past. 16．The museum, the community keeps artifacts, celebrates the rich cultural heritage of the region. 17．The manner which the decision was announced was extremely regrettable. 18．I told him about the many activities I took part. 19．We talked about a moving movie，the name of I've never forgotten. 20．At that time I was at a loss to find words with I could express my regret and grief. 三、完成句子 1．我们永远不会忘记登上长城的那天。 We’ll never forget the day . 2．他幻想有一个没有战争的世界。 He had a vision of a world ． 3．Students should involve themselves in community activities (他们可以从中获取成长的经验)．(根据汉语提示完成句子) 4．当地农民给了这些士兵吃的和穿的，没有这些，士兵们就已经饿死或者冻死了。(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句) The local peasants gave the soldiers clothes and food hunger or cold. 四、翻译 1．你的决定可能影响你看、听和表现的方式。（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 2．在漆黑的大街上, 没有她可以求助的人。(turn to) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 3．这个小女孩在其中扮演主角的那部电影是一个巨大的成功。(汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 1．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：不幸的是，她看不到一个可以求助的人。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句修饰先行词person，短语turn to sb. for help表示“寻求某人帮助”，作介词的宾语，指人，所以使用to whom。故选B。 2．D 【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：美国女人通常认为她们最好的朋友是可以经常交谈的人。此处为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，先行词为someone，关系词指代先行词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词who/whom，talk with“与……交谈”，介词with可以提到关系代词之前，构成介词with+关系代词whom引导的定语从句，故选D项。 3．C 【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。句意：在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以向之求助的人。turn to sb for help“向某人求助”；此处为定语从句，先行词为person，先行词在从句中作to的宾语，应用关系代词whom/who/that，介词to可以置于关系代词之前，构成介词+关系代词的结构，此时的关系代词只能用whom。故选C项。 4．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她告诉我她有一个关于一个小男孩的美丽故事，她确信我会比喜欢《红字》更喜欢这个故事。先行词是 a little boy，且结合“be sure of...”表示“确信……”，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，先行词指人，所以用“of whom”引导定语从句。故选D项。 5．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：对查平来说，钱不是问题，他将和他的朋友创办一个新的电影公司。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chapin，先行词指人，结合“money is now no problem”可知，此处指“对他来说，钱不是问题”，因此用介词for和关系代词whom搭配，引导该从句。故选C。 6．B 【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。句意：他们感到非常自豪的两样东西是他们的房子和钻戒。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词things，先行词指物，结合“they felt very proud”可知，此处用固定短语feel proud of表示“对……感到自豪”，介词of提前，构成“介词+which”引导的限制性定语从句。故选B。 语法填空 1．whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：亚历山大先生是我最尊敬的教授。for ________ I have the greatest respect是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰指人的先行词professor，故空处应填关系代词whom。故填whom。 2．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其他国家都在同一起跑线的领域。本句包含一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为an area，指物，故空处应填which。故填which。 3．whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：作为一名女商人，我非常关心我的客户。但就像你喜欢的任何人一样，顾客也会让你发疯。for ________ you feel affection为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰anyone (指人)，故空处填whom。故填填whom。 4．which 【详解】 考查定语从句。句意：餐厅可以提供各种音乐，菜单上的食物也有很多，使消费者可以更好地掌控他们就餐的氛围。分析句子结构可知，“in ________ they are dining”是定语从句，先行词为the atmosphere，指物，定语从句中缺少介词in的宾语，故应用which引导，故填which。 5．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是学生们最终树立自己学习热情的基准。句中用by which引导定语从句，修饰先行词 “the benchmark”，在从句中作方式状语，意思是“通过这个基准”。故填which。 6．for 【详解】考查介词。句意：这些梯田对当地人来说仍然意义重大，因为传统对他们来说很有价值。根据句意和空格后的关系代词whom可知，空格处应该填入一个介词，且意义为“对于……”，应该用介词for。故填for。 7．to which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：人类的面部表情与动物的不同之处在于它们可以被有意控制的程度。此处为介词+关系代词结构定语从句修饰先行词degree，由于表示“在……程度上”时，degree前面习惯上要搭配介词to，作介词的宾语，指物，应用which。故填to which。 8．to whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：刚才和我哥哥说话的那个女人是我的老师。分析句式结构可知，此处是限制性定语从句，根据从句中的spoke可知，此处用介词to+关系代词，因为先行词指人，所以用关系代词whom作介词to的宾语。故填to whom。 9．why/for which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是他开会迟到的原因。定语从句修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，可用why或for which。故填why/for which。 10．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：教堂是基督徒做礼拜的地方。此处为“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句，先行词a building指的是物，从句中作介词in的宾语，所以此处使用关系代词which。故填which。 11．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们去了教堂附近的主题公园，那里有很多雕像。此处为“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词church指的是物，作介词宾语，所以此处使用关系代词which。故填which。 12．at 【详解】考查介词。句意：100摄氏度是水沸腾的温度。英语中表示“在……高度、深度、温度和速度等”用介词at。故填at。 13．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们城市有几个大公园，许多人可以去那里欣赏美丽的风景。这里是“to+关系代词”引导的定语从句。先行词指代several big public parks，所以应用which引导，to which表示“去那里”。故填which。 14．that/in which/省略 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个懒惰的男孩在期待一种不用努力学习就能通过考试的方法。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语时，当先行词是way，定语从句的引导词有that、in which，也可以省略。故填that/in which/省略。 15． by which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：书面汉语也成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词means，关系词指代先行词，应用which，根据句意可知是通过这种手段，应借助介词by，故应用by+which引导该定语从句，故填①by；②which。 16．where/in which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个博物馆，社区保存文物的地方，庆祝该地区丰富的文化遗产。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the museum，从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where，或者根据短语in the museum“在博物馆里”，用in which引导定语从句。故填where/in which。 17．in 【详解】考查介词。句意：宣布这项决定的方式令人极为遗憾。设空处使用介词与后文的which构成介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，此处which指代前文的manner，in the manner为固定短语，意为“以某种方式或风格”。故填in。 18．in which/where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我告诉他我参加过的许多活动。在定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为activities“活动”，为抽象地点，应用关系副词where或“介词+which”。take part in意为“参加”，此处介词应用in。故填in which/where。 19．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们谈论了一部感人的电影，我永远不会忘记这部电影的名字。句中关系代词which指代先行词a moving movie，引导定语从句并做介词of的宾语，所以句中要填which。 20．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那时，我很难找到词语来表达我的悔恨与悲痛。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作介词with的宾语，修饰先行词words，故填which。 1．when/on which we climbed up the Great Wall 【详解】考查定语从句，固定短语和时态。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“我们登上长城的”，用定语从句，“登上”是climb up，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，climb用过去式，“长城”是the Great Wall，先行词day是时间，从句缺状语，因此定语从句用when/on which引导，因此空格处是when/on which we climbed up the Great Wall。故填when/on which we climbed up the Great Wall。 2．in which there would be no wars 【详解】考查定语从句和固定句型。根据中英文提示，设空处表示“没有战争的”，可用定语从句表示。“有”可用there be结构，“战争”可用war表示，这里表示没有战争，且表示在过去看来将要发生的动作，用过去将来时，可表示为there would be no wars。a world作为先行词，从句中缺少地点状语，in the world表示“在这个世界里”，可用in which引导定语从句。故填in which there would be no wars。 3．where they can get experience for growth/from which they can get experience for growth 【详解】考查定语从句和短语。句意：学生应该参与社区活动，从中获得成长的经验。定语从句修饰先行词activities，在从句作地点状语，故用where；或表示“从中”应用from which；从句主语为they；表示“获取成长的经验”为get experience for growth，且can后跟动词原形。故填where/from which they can get experience for growth。 4．without which they would have died of 【详解】考查定语从句和虚拟语气。“没有”表示为“without ”；“死于”表示为“die of”。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，且从句应该用虚拟语气，表示对于过去的虚拟，应该用would have done的结构，结合所给汉语，故填without which they would have died of。 1．Your decision should influence the way (that) you look, sound and behave. /Your decision should influence the way in which you look, sound and behave. 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。“你的决定”翻译为Your decision；“影响”用动词influence；“方式”用名词the way；先行词为the way，在定语从句中作方式状语，用关系代词that，in which或省略关系词；“看、听和表现”翻译为look, sound and behave。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为Your decision should influence the way (that) you look, sound and behave. /Your decision should influence the way in which you look, sound and behave. 2．In the dark street, there was no one (who/whom) she could turn to. 或 In the dark street, there was no one to whom she could turn. 【详解】考查定语从句。“在漆黑的大街上”表达为in the dark street，“没有人”可用there be句型表达为there is no one；“求助”表达为turn to；根据句意可知，“她可以求助的人”可用定语从句修饰先行词one，先行词one为指人的不定代词，故可用who/whom引导，翻译为：In the dark street, there was no one (who/whom) she could turn to，who/whom在定语从句中作介词to的宾语，故也可以省略。也可将介词to提前，构成“to+whom”引导定语从句，句子用一般过去时，翻译为In the dark street, there was no one to whom she could turn。故答案为：In the dark street, there was no one (who/whom) she could turn to. 或 In the dark street, there was no one to whom she could turn.。 3．The film (that/which) the little girl played the leading role in was a great success. 或The film in which/where the little girl played the leading role was a great success. 【详解】考查定语从句。“那部电影”表达为the film；“这个小女孩”表达为the little girl；“扮演主角”表达为play the leading role；“一个巨大的成功”表达为a great success。根据句意可知，主句为“那部电影是一个巨大的成功”，“小女孩在其中扮演主角”可为定语从句，修饰先行词“那部电影”，故可翻译为The film (that/which) the little girl played the leading role in was a great success，(that/which) the little girl played the leading role in引导定语从句，that/which指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词in的宾语；也可以将介词in提前，放在定语从句的句首，那介词后只能用which引导，故可翻译为The film in which the little girl played the leading role was a great success；in which也可以用where替代，先行词为The film，在定语从句中充当地点状语，故也可用where引导，翻译为The film where the little girl played the leading role was a great success。故答案为：The film (that/which) the little girl played the leading role in was a great success. 或The film in which/where the little girl played the leading role was a great success.。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$