UNIT 2 Section Ⅱ “Understanding ideas”的新知学习环节(课件PPT)-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ “Understanding ideas”的新知学习环节 目 录 课前词汇默写 核心词汇突破 课时跟踪检测 重点句式解构 随堂融通训练 课前词汇默写 一、阅读单词——知其义 1．no ham in a hamburger　　汉堡包里面没有_____ 2．no egg in eggplant _____里面没有鸡蛋 3．pine forests _____林 4．fresh pineapple 新鲜______ 火腿 茄子 松树 菠萝 5．get seasick at sea 在海上______ 6．get airsick in the air 在飞机里_____ 7．get carsick in a car 在车里_____ 8．the capitalized “WHO” _______WHO 晕船 晕机 晕车 大写的 二、重点单词——写其形 1．the ____of the passage 文章的标题 2．the _______madness of a language 这门语言独有的疯狂 3．get _________ 想家 title unique homesick sculpt sculpture oppose opposing opposite opposition behaviors behave confusing confuse confused confusion alarm alarmed reflect reflection creative create creativity visible invisible 四、拓展构词——明其规(依据规律串记单词) 1．confusing：“v.＋-ing”→adj.　 ①exciting 令人兴奋的　 ②moving 令人感动的 ③surprising 使人惊奇的 ④boring 令人厌烦的 ⑤puzzling 令人迷惑的 ⑥amazing 令人惊奇的 ⑦interesting 有趣的 ⑧frightening 令人惊恐的 2．creativity：“adj.＋-ity”→n.　 ①similar→similarity　　 相似 ②active→activity 活动 ③secure→security 安全 ④real→reality 现实 ⑤national→nationality 国籍 ⑥equal→equality 平等 ⑦popular→popularity 普及；流行 五、高级词块——通其用 1． 　 做某事有困难 2． 一门疯狂的语言 3． 在某人的空闲时间 4． 说到，谈及 5． ……的反面 have trouble (in) doing sth. a crazy language in one's free time speak of the opposite of 6． 相反的一对 7． 有害行为 8． 向外看 9． 最短小的单词 10． 在一份医学报告中 11． (被)烧毁 an opposing pair harmful actions look out of the smallest words in a medical report burn up 12． (被)烧毁 13． 填表 14． 把……填满 15． 人类的创造力 16． 给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束 burn down fill in/out a form fill ...out the creativity of the human race wind up 核心词汇突破 1．If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair? 如果说hard(硬)是soft(软)的反义词，为什么hardly(几乎不)和softly(柔和地)却不是一对反义词？ ★opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的(只能位于名词前) \ 17 |用|法|感|知| •(“动作描写”写作佳句)I was about to shoot when I was surrounded by opposing players. 我正准备射门，这时被对方球员牢牢地围住。 •(“丰富细节”写作典句)Opposite to the art center is the gym, where this year's homecoming event is to be held. 艺术中心对面是体育馆，今年的返校节将在这里举行。 •(“建议”类写作佳句)Measures must be taken to oppose people's hunting endangered animals illegally. 必须采取措施抵制人们非法捕猎濒危动物。 归纳点拨 (1)oppose vt.　　　　 反对，阻挠，与……较量 oppose doing sth. 反对做某事 (2)opposed adj. 反对的，对立的(不用于名词前) be opposed to ... 反对…… (3)opposite prep. 在……对面 adj. 对面的；相反的 adv. 在对面 n. 对立的人(或物)；对立面 be opposite to 与……相对；在……对面　　 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①The (oppose) armies were preparing for war. ②The (oppose) of “fast” is “slow”． ③In common with Helen, I strongly oppose (change) the plan. ④The bank where I often go to . 我经常去的那家银行在超级市场对面。 opposing opposite changing is opposite (to) the supermarket 2．If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same? 如果说harmless actions (无害行为) 和harmful actions (有害行为) 意思相反，为什么shameless behaviors (无耻行为) 和shameful behaviors (可耻行为) 反而是一回事？ ★behavior n．举止，行为 |用|法|感|知| •(“道歉”类写作佳句)I'm writing to make an apology for my rude behavior on the court. 我写信是为我在球场上的粗鲁行为而道歉。 •(“建议”类写作佳句)Behave yourself in public and you will win the respect of most of us. 在公众场合举止得体，你才能赢得我们大多数人的尊重。 •(“建议”类写作佳句)Only when you have a better understanding of Chinese table manners can you behave well. 只有你对中国的餐桌礼仪有更好的了解，你才能表现良好。 归纳点拨 behave v．　　　　　　 表现 behave well/badly (to/towards sb.) (对某人)表现良好/糟糕 behave oneself 守规矩，表现得体　　 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空) ①As days and months passed by, neither of them changed their __________(behave)． ②He was a little boy, but he (behave) as if he were an adult. behavior behaved ③They behaved badly the guests, which made us very disappointed. ④I think you should behave (you) at the party. to/towards yourself 3．Even the smallest words can be confusing. 就算是最短小的单词都让人费解。 ★confusing adj.令人困惑的，难以理解的 |用|法|感|知| •(2024·浙江1月高考写作)Day by day, the hallways were no longer confusing, and the faces more familiar. 一天又一天，走廊不再令人困惑，熟悉的面孔也越来越多。 •(“心理描写”佳句)With none of us remembering any possible signs that might lead us back, in panic, we tried to find our way back but the winding paths only confused us further. 由于没有人记得任何可能引导我们回去的标志，我们惊慌失措，试图找到回去的路，但是蜿蜒的道路只会让我们更加迷惑。 •Confused about the question that the driver asked, I looked at him in confusion and did not answer it. 我被司机提的问题弄糊涂了，困惑地看着他，没有回答这个问题。 归纳点拨 (1)confuse vt.　　　　 使糊涂，使迷惑；混淆 confuse ...with/and ... 把……和……混淆 (2)confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的 be/get confused about ... 对……感到迷惑 (3)confusion n. 困惑；混乱 in confusion 困惑地；混乱地 　　 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)As for Bailey, she is more (confuse) about why her act is considered a big deal. ②You should not confuse your career your life. ③Matt found the information she offered so he looked up at her in . (confuse) confused with/and confusing confusion ④People all the different labels on food these days. 人们如今被那些五花八门的食物标签搞得稀里糊涂。 are/get confused about 4．You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down ... 英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬的时候，可以说burn up (字面意思为“烧上去”)，也可以说burn down (字面意思为“烧下去”)…… ★burn up (被)烧毁，烧尽；消耗 |用|法|感|知| •Although the fire burned up his house, the help of many kind people made him full of hope for life. 尽管大火烧毁了他的房子，但许多好心人的帮助使他对生活充满希望。 •(“动作描写”佳句)Although the fire had burnt out, my eyes were burning from the smoke, tears running down my cheeks. 尽管火已经熄灭了，但我的眼睛被烟熏得刺痛，泪水顺着脸颊流下来。 归纳点拨 burn down　　　　　 (被)烧毁；(火势)减弱 burn out 烧尽；熄灭；(人)耗尽体力 burn to the ground 全部烧毁；付之一炬　　 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①As we get older, our body becomes weak in burning calories (热量)． ②She was worried that the house might burn while they were away. ③If he doesn't stop working so hard, he'll burn himself . up up/down out ④Many of the wooden houses in the village ___________________ _______in the big fire. 村庄里的许多木房子在这次大火中付之一炬。 were burned to the ground 5．English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. 英语是人创造的，不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。 ★reflect v．显示，反映；映出(影像)；反射；认真思考 |用|法|感|知| (写出下列各句中加蓝词的汉语意思) ①(主旨升华句)With the sunlight peeking through our eyes, Dad's calm smile reflected his motto “All's well with us, never fear”．______ ②The windows reflected the bright afternoon sunlight._____ ③Before I decide, I need time to reflect._________ ④The trees reflected in the clear lake look beautiful._______________ 反映 反射 认真思考 映出……的影像 归纳点拨 (1)reflect from 从……反射，折射 reflect ... in ... 在……中映出……的影像 be reflected in 倒映在；反映在 reflect on/upon sth.反省/认真思考某事 (2)reflection n. 反射；反映；映像；沉思 on reflection 再三考虑 语境串记 　　The light reflected from the water into my eyes. White clouds were reflected in the lake. Sitting by the lake, I was reflecting on what my mom said. On reflection, I decided to accept her suggestion. 光线从水面反射入我的眼中，白云倒映在湖中。坐在湖边，我认真思考着妈妈说的话。再三考虑后，我决定接受她的建议。 续表 |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ⑤It seems beautiful that the tall buildings (reflect) in the lake around which there are many trees. ⑥After reading the diary, the son was filled with tears and began to reflect the days when he used to sit together with his father. (2)替换加蓝词汇 ⑦On second thoughts, we decided to change our plan._____________ are reflected on/upon On reflection 6．And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends. 这也是当我wind up my watch(给手表上紧发条)以后表针开始走，而我wind up this passage(将本文收尾)后这篇文章结束的原因。 ★wind up给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束 |用|法|感|知| •(“动作描写”佳句)The speaker was just winding up when the door burst open. 演讲者刚要结束讲话时门突然被推开了。 •(“动作描写”佳句)Exhausted, she sat by the stream to wind down, resting her aching feet. 她感到累极了，坐在溪边喘口气，让疼痛的双脚放松一下。 •(“推荐”类写作佳句)I think the Great Wall is your best choice which winds its way from east to west for about 20,000 kilometres. 我认为长城是你最好的选择，它从东向西蜿蜒约两万千米。 归纳点拨 wind down　喘口气；喘息一下；(机器)慢下来后停住；使(业务、活动等)逐渐结束 wind one's way 蜿蜒前进 名师点津 此处wind为动词，其过去式和过去分词分别是wound, wound。注意单词wound，本身作名词意为“创伤，伤口”，作动词意为“伤害，使受伤”，注意语境区分。 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①We (wind) the meeting up in a hurry because the manager had a plane to catch. ②This year has been frantically busy for us and I need a holiday just to wind . wound down ③Through the window, I could see the line of the highway beginning to through the hills. 透过窗户，我可以看到高速公路开始蜿蜒穿过群山。 wind its way 重点句式解构 1．I hadn't, until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. 我以前从未想过这个问题，直到有一天，我5岁的儿子问我hamburger (汉堡包) 里面有没有ham (火腿)。 \ 51 (1)until用于肯定句时，表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间结束，所以主句的谓语动词必须为延续性动词。 (2)not ...until ...意为“直到……才……”，表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间才开始，主句的谓语动词用非延续性动词。 (3)若将not until部分置于句首，主句要用部分倒装。 ·(2024·浙江1月高考写作)She didn't realize she was burnt out until then. 直到那时她才意识到自己精疲力尽了。 ·My love for art lasted until I went to college. 我对艺术的热爱一直持续到我上大学。 ·However, not until the 1970s did Tu succeed in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments. 然而，在经过无数次试验失败之后，直到20世纪70年代屠呦呦才成功发现了青蒿素。 “两层级”学通用活句式 (1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构 (单句语法填空/句式升级) ①We will put off the picnic in the park next week, when the weather may be better. ②He didn't stop until the work was finished. → .(升级为倒装句) until Not until the work was finished did he stop (2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用 ③我们要探索一切可能的途径，直到找到答案为止。 We will explore every possible way . ④直到那时我才突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。 I suddenly realize nobody else was happier than I was. until we find an answer Not until then did 2．Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. 而pineapple (菠萝)里既没有pine (松树)，也没有apple (苹果)。 neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”为并列连词，连接两个并列的成分。 (1)neither ... nor ...连接两个主语时，谓语动词应遵循“就近一致”原则。 (2)neither或nor连接句子，且置于句首时，neither/nor所在的句子要用部分倒装。 (3)表示前面的否定情况也适用于后者，常用“neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”结构。 “两层级”学通用活句式 (1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构 ①The parents were not satisfied with the result and their son wasn't either. →_________________________________ satisfied with the result. Neither the parents nor their son was ②They couldn't understand it at the time, and we couldn't either. →They couldn't understand it at the time, and___________________. (升级为倒装句) ③If she doesn't agree to the plan, Tom also will not. →If she doesn't agree to the plan,_______________. neither/nor could we neither will Tom (2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用 ④学生们和这个老师都不知道这件事。 anything about it. ⑤我既不知道也不关心他发生了什么事。 I what had happened to him. Neither the students nor the teacher knows neither knew nor cared ⑥汤姆不相信她说的话，警察也不相信。 Tom didn't believe a word she said, and . ⑦如果明天他不去公园，我也不去。 If he doesn't go to the park tomorrow, . neither did the police neither/nor will I 3．That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. 这就是为什么stars are out (星星出来了)的时候我们能看到星星，而lights are out (灯灭了)的时候我们却看不到灯光。 (1)This/That/It is why ... 意为“这/那就是为什么……/……的原因”， 其中why引导表语从句，表示结果。 (2)This/That/It is because ...意为“这/那是因为……”，because引导表语从句，表示原因。 (3)The reason why ...is that ...意为“……的原因是……”，why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason, that引导表语从句，表示原因。 ·That's why we should learn from him. 那就是我们应该向他学习的原因。 ·(2024·浙江1月高考写作)My favorite sport is long-distance running and that is because running helps to strengthen our body. 我最喜欢的运动是长跑，因为跑步有助于增强我们的身体。 ·(2024·浙江1月高考写作)The reason why I like running is that it can relax us and relieve us of stress from schoolwork. 我喜欢跑步的原因是它可以让我们放松，减轻我们学业上的压力。 “两层级”学通用活句式 (1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构 ①About seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water, so from space, the earth looks blue. →From space, the earth looks blue. __________________about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. This is because ②The scenery along the river is amazing so that I think the trip is wonderful. →The scenery along the river is amazing. I think the trip is wonderful. ③I'm writing mainly because I want to invite you to stay. → I'm writing I want to invite you to stay. That's why The main reason why is that (2)通过“一句多译”做到熟练运用 我可以传播中国文化，让世界更好地了解中国。这就是我要求成为一名志愿者的原因。 ④I can spread Chinese culture and make the world understand China better. I ask to be a volunteer. That's why ⑤I ask to be a volunteer. I can spread Chinese culture and make the world understand China better. ⑥ I ask to be a volunteer I can spread Chinese culture and make the world understand China better. That's because The reason why is that 随堂融通训练 根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. This got me ① (think) how English can be a crazy language to learn. ② (gradual), I find it amazing ③ (learn) some words. thinking Gradually to learn \ 70 While we're doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, ④ we don't get homesick when we get back home. And speaking ⑤ home, why aren't homework and housework the same thing? When we see rain or snow, we can say “it's raining” or “it's snowing”. But ⑥ we see sunshine, we can't say “it's sunshining”. Even the smallest words can be ⑦ (confuse). You also have to wonder at the unique ⑧ (mad) of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down. In short, English ⑨ (create) by people and it ⑩ (reflect) the creativity of the human race. but of when confusing madness was created reflects 课时跟踪检测 [语言基础训练] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．He won a prize for good (行为) at school. 2．Does such a change in attitude (反映) real experiences in daily life? behavior reflect 3．A good teacher, like a child in his soul, should have the _________(创造性), imagination and exploration (探索) ability. 4．Panda, an interesting and charming creature, is (独特的) to China. 5．He set two (闹钟) clocks in case he got up late. 6．He was making a (看得见的) effort to control himself. creativity unique alarm visible 7．She hit upon the perfect (标题) for her new novel. 8．He felt (想家的), but made a brave attempt to appear cheerful. 9．At the meeting, Mr Smith and the manager hold (相反的) ideas to the newly-developed product. 10．As the last name became widely accepted, the first letter was ____________(大写的), as in Robert Smith. title homesick opposing capitalized Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．They had trouble (understand) the foreigner. 2．The very earliest (sculpt) were made under the influence of Greek art. 3．He won the game twice and that was we held the celebration party. understanding sculptures why 4．Two hundred houses burnt in the fire which broke out yesterday. 5．I like the jobs which are challenging and (create). 6．I found her answer (confuse), so I asked her to explain it to me. down/up creative confusing 7． (speak) of his English, he felt proud of himself. 8．A bad mood is a passive (reflect) of outer factors in one's daily life. Speaking reflection Ⅲ.选词填空 1． traveling, are you going anywhere exciting this year? 2．He's French, so he can speak write Chinese. 3．I like reading and listening to music . burn up， fill in， speak of， look out of， wind up， neither ...nor ...， in one's free time， the opposite of Speaking of neither nor in my free time 4．Some people think sadness is happiness. 5． the window! It's snowing. 6．Most of the woodland has now. 7．Please this form, giving your name, age and address. 8．My clock has run down; it needs . the opposite of Look out of burnt up fill in winding up Ⅳ.多维表达 1．(完成句子)If you listen carefully, you'll ________________ __________these questions. 如果认真听讲，你回答这些问题就没有困难。 have no trouble answering 2．(句式升级)The students don't know the reason why she didn't turn up. The teacher doesn't either. → the reason why she didn't turn up.(neither ...nor ...) →The students don't know the reason why she didn't turn up. . (neither/nor＋助动词＋主语) Neither the students nor the teacher knows Neither/Nor does the teacher 3．(句式升级)He didn't tell us the truth until he left. → . (用倒装句升级) Not until he left did he tell us the truth 4．(一句多译)他比赛失败了，这就是他没来参加庆祝晚宴的原因。 ①He lost the game and he didn't come to attend the celebration party. ②He didn't come to attend the celebration party and _______________he lost the game. ③ he didn't come to attend the celebration party _________he lost the game. that was why that was because The reason why was that [语篇综合训练] Ⅰ.阅读理解 “Hey，” said the girl standing next to me.“Don't worry. Take your time.” And so I did. But I realized what I had said wasn't the correct pronunciation of my newly given Chinese name.The teacher looked puzzled. As a native-born American, I simply had to hope that I had not said anything too stupid. So went my first day of the 2-month summer Chinese classes in Hunter College. I would get off the train every morning and walk 25 blocks to the college while eating a sandwich from one of the breakfast carts (手推车) along Lexington Street. I chose Chinese — one of the most widely spoken languages — mainly because my goal was to work internationally. Learning Spanish in school had been easy, since my fluency in French which I learnt at 18 had helped me with another romantic language. The first days of learning Chinese, however, made me feel like I was falling straight into the deep end of the pool, hardly knowing how to float. As the classes went on, I gradually found that I was making connections. Just as my years of playing the piano had allowed me to perform for others, just as my years of writing had made me head of my school's magazine, I knew that the classes would allow me to speak Chinese not only in the classroom, but with people in my daily life. As the teachers helped me build up my confidence, I soon began tasting the sweetness. I am confident that Chinese will allow me to communicate with more people and understand more cultures and ideas. So what did my summer taste like？It tasted like the Chinese food that, for the first time, I did not order in English. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在学习中文的过程中遇到了很多困难，但始终坚持不懈的故事。 1．What did the author show on his first class? A．His poor performance. B．His great effort to speak. C．Support from his classmate. D．Encouragement from the teacher. 解析：推理判断题。 根据第一段中的“But I realized what I had said wasn't the correct pronunciation ... hope that I had not said anything too stupid.”可推知，作者上第一节课时表现很糟糕。 √ 2．Where did the author have breakfast during the two months? A．At home.　　　　 B．On the street. C．On the train. D．In the college. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I would get off the train ... while eating a sandwich from one of the breakfast carts (手推车) along Lexington Street.”可知，作者每天早上在街上吃早餐。 √ 3．Which is the author's first language? A．Spanish. B．French. C．Italian. D．English. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As a native-born American”以及最后一段中的“I did not order in English”可知，作者是一位美国人，故他的母语是英语。 √ 4．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The author has succeeded in many things. B．The author is good at making connections. C．The author is hopeful of learning Chinese. D．The author needs to learn Chinese for the future. √ 解析：段落大意题。在第三段中提到，随着学习的深入，作者的中文水平不断提高，他学习中文的自信心也随之增强，他相信中文将有助于他和更多的人交流，了解更多的文化和观念。由此可知，这一段主要讲作者对于学习中文满怀期待。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Maria had been staying in Turkey for several weeks. She 5 to teach English to poor people there. One day, she got on a bus. Since it was too early in the morning, the bus was quite 6 . She decided it might be nice to 7 some Turkish words she had just learned during the ride. She wanted to use Turkish to 8 the locals. After a while, the bus stopped. And two 9 got on. One of them noticed the seat beside Maria and 10 . He pointed to the seat and asked a question in Turkish. Maria 11 that he was asking if he could sit there. She 12 . He smiled and said “thank you” in Turkish. They sat in 13 for a minute. Then the man asked Maria if she thought the clock on the bus was a few minutes off. Seeing the strange look on her face, he 14 that he needed to get to work on time. Maria was still 15 and tried hard to tell him that she didn't understand his Turkish. She then 16 it in English. The man was 17 to hear her speak in Turkish and English. He knew only a little English, so he wanted to take this opportunity to 18 it. Then they continued talking with each other 19 in two languages. Good language learners have plenty of courage. They are confident when chatting away. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了玛丽亚和公交车上的一名男子都是语言学习者，两人都利用机会来练习自己的语言能力。 5．A.failed B．volunteered C．afforded D．struggled 解析：根据后文“to teach English to poor people there”以及下文可知，此处指她自愿教那里的穷人英语。fail“失败”；volunteer“自愿”；afford“买得起”；struggle“努力”。故选B。 √ 6．A.dark B．noisy C．crowded D．empty 解析：根据上文“it was too early in the morning”可知，时间还很早，车上没什么人，还很空。dark“黑暗的”；noisy“吵闹的”；crowded“拥挤的”；empty“空的”。故选D。 √ 7．A.review B．discuss C．compare D．describe 解析：根据后文“some Turkish words she had just learned during the ride”指在旅途中复习刚刚学过的土耳其语单词。review“回顾”；discuss“讨论”；compare“比较”；describe“描述”。故选A。 √ 8．A.care for B．compete with C．stand for D．communicate with 解析：根据上文“She wanted to use Turkish to”可知，此处指她想用土耳其语和当地人交流。care for关心；compete with与……竞争；stand for代表；communicate with交流。故选D。 √ 9．A.owners B．drivers C．passengers D．customers 解析：根据后文“he was asking if he could sit there”可知上来的是两名乘客。owner“所有者”；driver“司机”；passenger“乘客”；customer“顾客”。故选C。 √ 10．A.approached B．returned C．replied D．passed 解析：根据后文“He pointed to the seat and asked a question in Turkish.”指其中一个人靠近玛丽亚旁边的座位。approach“靠近”；return“返回”；reply“回答”；pass“通过”。故选A。 √ 11．A.argued B．guessed C．promised D．hoped 解析：根据上文“He pointed to the seat and asked a question in Turkish.”可知，对方用的是土耳其语，玛丽亚并不熟悉，所以是猜测其意思。argue“争论”；guess“猜测”；promise“承诺”；hope“希望”。故选B。 √ 12．A.nodded B．refused C．left D．waved 解析：根据后文“He smiled and said ‘thank you’ in Turkish.”可知，玛丽亚点头同意对方坐在自己旁边。nod“点头”；refuse“拒绝”；leave“离开”；wave“挥舞”。故选A。 √ 13．A.debate B．surprise C．preparation D．silence 解析：根据后文“Then the man asked Maria if she thought the clock on the bus was a few minutes off.”可知，后来才开始对话，说明一开始因为陌生而沉默。debate“辩论”；surprise“吃惊”；preparation“准备”；silence“沉默”。故选D。 √ 14．A.believed B．explained C．realized D．discovered 解析：根据后文“that he needed to get to work on time”可知，男子解释自己询问钟表时间的原因。believe“相信”；explain“解释”；realize“意识到”；discover“发现”。故选B。 √ 15．A.pleased B．frightened C．confused D．relaxed 解析：根据后文“and tried hard to tell him that she didn't understand his Turkish”可知，玛丽亚听不懂对方的话，感到困惑。pleased“高兴的”；frightened“害怕的”；confused“困惑的”；relaxed“放松的”。故选C。 √ 16．A.asked B．wrote C．pronounced D．expressed 解析：根据上文“she didn't understand his Turkish”可知，然后她用英语表达出来。故选D。 √ 17．A.disappointed B．excited C．certain D．anxious 解析：根据后文“He knew only a little English, so he wanted to take this opportunity to”可知，男子想练习英语，因此听她说土耳其语和英语很兴奋。disappointed“失望的”；excited“激动的”；certain“确定的”；anxious“焦虑的”。故选B。 √ 18．A.practice B．introduce C．translate D．spread 解析：根据上文“He knew only a little English, so he wanted to take this opportunity to”指对方想要抓住机会练习自己的英语。practice“练习”；introduce“介绍”；translate“翻译”；spread“传播”。故选A。 √ 19．A.crazily B．secretly C．cheerfully D．proudly 解析：根据上文可知玛丽亚和男子都想练习语言，所以愉快地交谈着。crazily“疯狂地”；secretly“秘密地”；cheerfully“高兴地”；proudly“骄傲地”。故选C。 √ Ⅲ.语法填空 “Englishes” is a funny word. 1 (usual) the name of a language cannot be plural (复数的)．But English is 2 (difference)．It is spoken by more people in 3 (many)countries than any other language.Everywhere，people speak it differently.The result is many Englishes.Englishes differ in accent, grammar, and vocabulary. There isn't just one “correct” way 4 (speak) the language.What is the word for a baked snack (烘烤的点心) 5 (make) with chocolate？The Australian and British answer is “biscuit”．The Canadian and American answer is “cookie”．And both answers are right.There are many other Englishes.Indian English has 6 (it) own vocabulary.Do you know what “half-pants” are？ Maybe not, since this word is unique to Indian English.It 7 (mean) “shorts”．In Singapore，people speak “Singlish” in everyday communication.Singlish mixes English with Mandarin and other languages.It has unique grammar. 8 example，“I've eaten already” becomes “Eat already”．Other countries with their own Englishes include Nigeria，R.O.Korea, 9 Malaysia.And more people are learning English every day.So how many Englishes are there, exactly? 10 is impossible to say. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着英语的广泛应用而产生的众多变体。 1．Usually　考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“通常”，故填副词Usually。 2．different　考查形容词。设空处作表语，表示“不同的”，故填形容词different。 3．more　考查形容词比较级。由本句中的“than any other language”可知，设空处应用many的比较级，故填more。 4．to speak　考查非谓语动词。way后常跟不定式作定语，表示“……的方式”。 5．made　考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语，make 与snack 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填made。 6．its　考查代词。设空处作定语修饰vocabulary，应该用it的形容词性物主代词，故填its。 7．means　考查时态和主谓一致。设空处所在句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，因为主语是It，故填means。 8．For　考查介词。for example“例如”。 9．and　考查连词。设空处所在句的句意为“其他国家，包括尼日利亚、韩国以及马来西亚都有自己的英语”。故填and。 10．It　考查代词。设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是to say，故填It。 Ⅳ.主题微写作 [教材原句] ①Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? ②You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off! [分析]　句①通过使用疑问句来引出话题，吸引读者的注意力。句②是举例说明人们对英语的“疯狂”不解，并且还使用了三个in which引导的定语从句来具体说明情况。 [仿写]　你对理解一些英语句子有困难吗？你可能遇到一个句子，它有一些生单词或者它有一个你不知道的固定短语(set phrase)或习语。 Do you have trouble understanding some English sentences? You may meet a sentence in which there are some new words or in which there is a set phrase or an idiom that you don't know. 本课结束 三、活用单词——悉其变 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. $$