专题08 阅读理解之议论文15篇（名校期中真题）-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（北师大版2019）

期中复习阅读理解之议论文15篇 (名校期中真题) （23-24高一上·福建泉州·期中）Sure, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant. And yes, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because, in general, it’s smart to learn how to get along well with the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life. In fact, kids who get along well with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re more comfortable with asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier for them to understand new materials and makes them do their best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to with problems, such as problems with learning or school issues(问题). Here is a question：What if you don’t get along with your teachers? In fact, teachers want to get along well with you and enjoy seeing you learn. But teachers and students sometimes have personality clashes(个性冲突), which can happen between any two people. If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better, he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen. By dealing with a problem like this, you learn something about how to get along with people who are different from you. However, if a certain teacher isn’t your favorite, you can still have a successful relationship with him or her especially ________. Here are some of those responsibilities: Attend class ready to learn. Be prepared for class with the right stationery, books, and completed assignments(作业). Listen when your teacher is talking. Do your best, whether it’s a classroom assignment, homework, or a test. 1．According to the passage, getting along well with your teachers will make you ________. A．have no problems with study B．get a better seat in the classroom C．get the best scores in the exams D．have more pleasant time in the classroom 2．The underlined word “that” in the fourth paragraph refers to “________”. A．the happy time you have in the classroom B．getting along very well with classmates C．a better relationship between you and your teacher D．the disappearance of personality differences 3．Which of the following can be filled in the blank? A．if you fulfill(履行) your basic responsibilities as a student B．if you are thought of as a good student C．if you know some basic social skills D．if you are easy­going and helpful 4．The passage is written for ________. A．teachers B．students C．advisers D．parents （23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期中）Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging (判断) by the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person. People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that cause pain to their feet, and tight body shapers that limit blood flow. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color or hairstyle. Some people even spend several hours a day in front of a mirror. Is fashion so important that people spend so much time and effort changing what they look like? If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good, it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much discomfort to be fashionable. Fashion should not come first. People should put their health and positive image in the first place. What people wear does not say anything about their personalities. Instead of spending hours choosing a dress, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together, such as playing soccer or badminton. Instead of going on strict diets and forcing yourself to stay hungry, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person. 1．Why does the author include a question in the first paragraph? A．To enrich the content. B．To introduce a new topic. C．To present different ideas. D．To encourage readers to doubt. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The fact about fashion industry. B．Reasons why fashion is important. C．The price to pay for being fashionable. D．Products popular with fashion followers. 3．Which of the following activities would the author most likely recommend? A．Going skiing with friends. B．Starting a new diet with a friend. C．Changing hairstyles every week. D．Shopping for fashionable clothes. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce the latest fashion trends. B．To tell readers how to remain fashionable. C．To advise readers to value health over fashion. D．To show readers advantages and disadvantages of dieting. （23-24高一上·江苏连云港·期中）As a result of trade, travel and migration, different cuisines have spread across the world. Many recipes, chefs and restaurants try to announce that their food of a country or region is the most authentic (正宗的). But is this a good thing? People care about authenticity because food traditions are closely linked to identity (身份), particularly for migrant communities. Sociologist and professor of food studies, Krishnendu Ray, explains that home cooking is often the last way that communities can show their identity. British celebrity chef Jamie Oliver was accused of trying to take advantage of positive feelings about Jamaica. His ready meal product had a Jamaican name, but was unlike real Jamaican cooking. However, food consultant Sara Kay asks whether there are problems with the idea of authenticity. She stresses that these ideas often come from the expectations that majority cultures have about minority cultures and their food. These can be restricting (限制的) — restauranteurs have complained that people expect Asian food to be cheaper than that from European cultures. Expectations can also give people a false idea of what is authentic. While large cities are full of eateries representing different countries — China, India, Italy, Mexico and more — these labels can oversimplify the reality of food from these countries. Stephanie Elizondo Greist is surprised by the recognition(认识) that foods in Mexico are more authentic than what she ate growing up as a Mexican-American in Texas, because she feels that both are authentic examples of Mexican food. A more controversial (有争议的) view of authenticity was stated by American Chef Andrew Zimmern, who claimed that he could bring in Chinese dishes in a more authentic way than existing restaurants — many of which are owned by Chinese-Americans. Writer and food podcaster Ruth Tam points out that while these restaurants altered their menus to suit local tastes, so does Zimmern. So, while food and identity are closely linked, and failure to respect authenticity can cause offence, could there be problems with the whole idea of authenticity? 1．Which of the following factors causes people to care about authenticity? A．Taste. B．Tradition. C．Culture. D．Identity. 2．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．Eateries in different countries contribute to the authentic problem. B．Expectation about authenticity may cause problems. C．Asian food is cheaper than European food. D．You can enjoy the traditional taste of Mexican food both in Mexico and America. 3．Which statement might Stephanie Elizondo Greist agree with? A．There can be only one authentic taste in a country. B．What she eats in Texas means nothing to her. C．Every person can have his or her own recognition of authenticity. D．The regional specialities (特色菜) should be the same in a country. 4．The underlined word “altered” has the similar meaning with ________. A．changed B．kept C．tricked D．pressed （23-24高一上·四川眉山·期中）Many Chinese students think American students enjoy more freedom than them at school. But American schools also have their rules. If the students break the rules, they willget punishment, too. On the first day of a new term, 128 students of Morton High School were sent home for wearing the wrong clothes. There are altogether 1200 students in the school. Usually only 20 students break the school dress rule every day. So the headmaster Theresa Mayerik said it was the worst new term she had ever seen. At Morton High School, students’ favorite clothing such as baggy (宽大的) trousers, low-necked shirts and tanktops (紧身短背心) are not allowed in classrooms. Some students think they have the right to choose what to wear. But the headmaster doesn’t think so. “I’d be supportive if half the school was sent home, because 99% will get the message that our school are for education.” “Freedom” does not mean “free of restrictions (约束)”. That is to say there is no total freedom in the world, no matter in the US or in China. 1．128 students of Morton High School were sent home for _______. A．not finishing their homework B．being late for school C．not wearing the right clothes D．not listening to the teachers in class 2．Some students in Morton High School think that they have the right to ________. A．decide when to go to school B．go to school or not C．eat and drink in class D．choose what to wear 3．What does the underlined word “supportive” mean in Chinese? A．高兴的 B．支持的 C．害怕的 D．反对的 4．What’s the writer’s attitude to the school dress rule? A．Agree. B．Disagree. C．Not sure. D．Unclear. （23-24高一上·福建泉州·期中）For decades, the homework standard has been a“10-minute”rule, which suggests a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level. But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a break. A Massachusetts elementary school has announced a no-homework pilot (试点的) program for the coming school year, extending the school day by two hours to provide more in-class instruction. “We really want kids to go home at 4 o’clock,” Kelly Elementary School Principal Jackie Glasheen said. “We want them to enjoy their families. We want them to go to soccer practice or football practice.” New solutions to homework differ by community. These local debates aren’t easily understood by the fact that even education experts disagree about what’s best for kids. The most all-round research on homework so far comes from an analysis (分析) by Duke University professor Harris Cooper, who found evidence (证据) of a positive relationship between homework and student achievement, meaning students who did homework performed better in school. Cooper’s analysis focused on how homework influences test scores. The relationship was stronger for older students-in 7th through 12th grade-than for those in younger grades, for whom there was a weak relationship between homework and performance. Although there is the weak relationship between homework and performance for young children, Cooper argues that a small amount of homework is useful for all students. Second-graders should not be doing two hours of homework each night, he said, but they also shouldn’t be doing no homework. However, Cathy Vatterott, an education professor at the University Missouri-St. Louis, thinks there is not enough evidence that homework is helpful for students in elementary school, “Relationship is not a root,” she said “Does homework cause achievement, or do high achievers do more homework?” Vatterott thinks there should be more stress on improving the quality of homework tasks, and she supports efforts to ban homework for younger kids. 1．What will Kelly Elementary School have in the new term. A．No homework. B．Some football practice. C．“10-minute” homework. D．More physical education classes. 2．Who can perform better according to Cooper’s analysis? A．Younger students in all grades with no homework. B．Younger students in lower grades with no homework. C．Older students in lower grades with more homework. D．Older students in higher grades with more homework. 3．What does the underlined word in paragraph 6 mean? A．事业 B．原因 C．根系 D．要求 4．What’s the writer’s attitude towards “10-minute” homework? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Unknown. D．Doubtful. （23-24高一上·浙江·期中）Teenagers who travel around the world alone have been making headlines quite often. A young person alone in a dangerous situation attracts attention and supporters. Young sailors also attract various views. For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the government to call off her solo trip across the ocean, yet the Prime Minister (总理) called her “a hero for young Australians” when she returned.  It seems views are poles apart on the ability and independence of young people. Some experts tell us that teenage brains are likely to make wrong judgments. But such ideas often do not apply to specific individuals (个体) . Between the ages of 14 and 18, teenagers differ greatly in their abilities. The amount of independence that each is allowed should be determined not simply by their ages but by discussion with the related, responsible adults. Some teens are certainly inexperienced and make childish mistakes, but the ones who attempt dangerous journeys normally do so by winning the confidence of hard-headed and experienced adult supporters. But it’s also wrong to think that any 16-year-old can make a hit as Jessica Watson. Watson calls herself “a common girl who had a dream”. Her purpose is to encourage teenagers but this idea can have the opposite effect of making them feel not good enough because great achievements are beyond them. Should all teens have such wild dreams? Actually, individuals face different conditions that limit their dreams. Teenagers who travel around the world alone should not be judged by preconceived (先入为主的) views about young people. Nor should young “common” teenagers feel pressure to long for extraordinary personal goals. In fact, I believe the example of solo sailing overstresses what an individual can do. The teenage years are when most of us “common” people learn that we can achieve great things in cooperation with others. 1．Why is Jessica Watson mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To set a heroic example for teenagers. B．To point out the public’s interest in young people. C．To introduce different opinions on teenagers’ adventures. D．To show the Prime Minister disagreed with the government. 2．What can determine the amount of teenagers’ independence? A．Different journeys. B．Brain development. C．Communication with adults. D．Confidence in themselves. 3．What does Watson mean by calling herself “a common girl who had a dream”? A．She likes dangerous journeys. B．Teenagers can make success. C．She can accept she is common. D．Teenagers should go travelling. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards teenagers’ act of travelling alone? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Uncaring. D．Uncertain. （22-23高一上·山东淄博·期中）It is said that most people have no more than 30 friends at any given time, and 400 over the whole of their lives. However, on social networking sites, most users have about 150 friends. If these numbers are correct, then friendship means different things in different situations. Also, there are no rules about friendship. There is no instruction in making friends, maintaining friendship, and finishing friendship if we want to move on. People have very different opinions about this: some people would die for their friends and they value them more than families. Others say that friends are temporary (暂时的), and only there to help each other until they are no longer needed. If people with those different views become friends, this can lead to problems. Because of these different definitions (定义) of friendship, it is easy to be unhappy about our friendship. We may want it to be deeper or closer, or we may want to acquire more friends in our lives. Sometimes we simply do not have the time to develop our friendship, or we fear we have left it too late in life to start. If we move to another country or city, we have to find ways to make new friends again. This dissatisfaction (不满) shows us how significant friendship is for most of us. We should not think that it could be too late to build friendship. We also need to understand that the need to be around other people is one that is shared by most people. Therefore, we should not be too frightened of starting to talk to people who in the future may become our friends: it is likely that they would like to get closer to us too. Remember what people say: strangers are friends we have not met yet. 1．What’s the author’s purpose in listing the numbers in Paragraph 1? A．To explain the reason. B．To introduce the topic. C．To show the ways of making friends. D．To persuade readers to make more friends. 2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．There is a rule about making friends. B．People with different views can become friends. C．Friendship means different things to different people. D．Some people would die for their friends if they need to do that. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Most of us need to have friends. B．Most of us build friendship late in life. C．Most of us are dissatisfied with our friends. D．Most of us are frightened of talking to people. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards talking to a stranger? A．Uninterested. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Positive. （22-23高一上·广东惠州·期中）If someone were to ask me what it is like to be a student now, I would probably answer them like this: being a student in today’s society is not always easy. Adults often tell us that we don’t know what stress is. But we have our own levels of stress. Many students in their high school years start their first job, so now you have school in the mornings, followed by responsibilities at home and work. By the time you are done there, you are too tired to finish your school work, but you stay up late to finish and return to school feeling sleepy the next day. What good is that? Let’s not forget about peer (同龄人) pressure. All high school students meet with it at some point in their lives. High school can be a place where students are made fun of, singled out and pointed at. My point is: it is a whole lot more stressful to be a student in high school than adults believe. Our stress may not include paying bills, but I’m sure if the adults in our lives could go back to school today, they would be surprised at how much it has changed. I admit that there aren’t good moments and memories while we are students. My mum always tells me to enjoy it while I can. I know that the world outside of school is often hard and that the responsibilities are serious. That’s exactly why I know that the focus I give to my future is important in leading me to a career that will allow me to contribute (贡献) to society. 1．What is the author’s attitude to high school students’ working part-time? A．He is against it. B．He feels proud of it. C．He considers it worth a try. D．He thinks it does them good. 2．What does the author think of today’s adults? A．They are proud of high school students. B．They expect too much of high school students. C．They are more stressed than high school students. D．They don’t fully understand high school students. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Stress. B．Schoolwork. C．Part-time job. D．School life. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The roles of the youth in today’s society. B．The stressful life of high school students. C．The way to deal with stress of school life. D．The differences between parents and high school students. （22-23高一上·河北石家庄·期中）Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging (判断) by the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person. People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that cause pain to their feet, and tight body shapers that limit blood flow. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color or hairstyle. Some people even spend several hours a day in front of a mirror. Is fashion so important that people spend so much time and effort changing what they look like? If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good, it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much discomfort to be fashionable. Fashion should not come first. People should put their health and positive image in the first place. What people wear does not say anything about their personalities. Instead of spending hours choosing a dress, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together, such as playing soccer or badminton. Instead of going on strict diets and forcing yourself to stay hungry, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person. 1．Why does the author include questions in the text? A．To enrich the content. B．To introduce a new topic. C．To present different ideas. D．To encourage readers to think. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The fact about fashion industry. B．Reasons why fashion is important. C．The price to pay for being fashionable. D．Products popular with fashion followers. 3．Which of the following activities would the author most likely recommend? A．Going skiing with friends. B．Starting a new diet with a friend. C．Changing hairstyles every week. D．Shopping for fashionable clothes. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce the latest fashion trends. B．To tell readers how to remain fashionable. C．To advise readers to value health over fashion. D．To show readers advantages and disadvantages of dieting. （22-23高一上·四川成都·期中）One of the greatest sources of unhappiness, in my experience, is the difficulty we have in accepting things as they are. When we see something we don’t like, we wish it could be different. We cry out for something better. That may be human nature, or perhaps it’s something rooted in our culture. The root of the unhappiness isn’t necessarily that we want things to be different. However, it’s that we decided we didn’t like it in the first place. We’ve judged it as bad, rather than saying, “It’s not bad or good, and it just is it.” In one of my books, I said “You should expect people to mess up and expect things to go differently than you planned”. Some readers said it’s too sorrowful to expect things to go wrong. However, it’s only negative if you see it as negative and judge it as bad. Instead, you could accept it as the way the world works and try to understand why that is. This can be applied to whatever you do: how other people act at work, how politics works and how depressing the news media can be. Accept these things as they are, and try to understand why they’re that way. It will save you a lot of sadness, because you’ll no longer say, “Oh. I wish bad things didn’t happen.” Does it mean you can never change things? Not at all. But change things not because you can’t accept things as they are, but because you enjoy the process of changing, learning and growing. Can we make this world a better place? You can say that you’ll continue to try to do things to help others, to grow as a person, to make a difference in this world. That’s the correct path you choose to take, because you enjoy that path. Therefore, when you find yourself judging and wishing for difference, try a different approach: accept and understand. It might lead to some interesting results. 1．The author believes that we feel unhappy maybe because ________. A．it is our natural emotion in the life B．culture asks us to be different from others C．everyone has their own opinions on things D．we dislike something in the beginning 2．Some readers think the words in the author’s book is too ________. A．depressing B．frightening C．encouraging D．unreal 3．In paragraph 4, the underlined word “it” refers to ________. A．acting well at work and in politics B．feeling depressed for the news media C．accepting and understanding what has happened D．saying something negative when bad things come 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Expecting things to be different gives us hope. B．Accepting can make our life happier and better. C．Traditional culture becomes the root of unhappiness. D．Judging good or bad is important for our world. （22-23高一上·江苏南京·期中）On Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that 42% of Americans could be overweight by 2030. Our expanding waistlines lead to not only a medical problem, but according to a recent article In The New York Times, it could also affect personal safety in some situations-in an airplane crash, for example. The New York Times’ Christen Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are adequately constructed to protect overweight travelers. Government standards for airplane seat strength—first set more than 60 years ago—require that the seats be made for a passenger weighing 170 pounds (77kg). Today, the average American man weighs nearly 194 pounds (88kg) and the average woman 165 pounds (75kg). Negroni reports: “If a heavier person completely fills seat, the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash.” said Robert Salazar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy absorption that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly.” “Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said, “those people who are seated nearby could be endangered from ‘the uncontrolled movements of the passenger’.” Most complaints about airplane seats focus on their lack of comfort and high ticket price, and whether overweight passengers should be made to buy two seats. But The New York Times’ article brings up another reason to feel anxious about flying. Investigators of the issue got in touch with the airplane seat and seat belt makers, but they refused to comment on the problem. Experts agreed that crash testing should be done with overweight dummies (人体模型). Both airplane seats and seat belts should be tested, they said. Fortunately, however, according to Nora Marshall, a senior adviser at the National Transportation Safety Board, the board’s investigators have never seen an accident involving a commercial plane in which the weight of a passenger was a problem. 1．What is the article in The New York Times mainly concerned with? A．The size of airplane seats and seat belts. B．Safety of overweight airplane passengers. C．Airplane crashes involving commercial planes. D．A medical problem caused by being overweight. 2．Robert Salzar would probably agree that ________. A．overweight passengers should buy two seats B．the government should help produce safer planes C．standards for airplane seat strength should be raised D．passengers should know how to protect themselves 3．We can learn from the text that ________. A．airplane seat makers have perfected their products B．there are few complaints about airplane seats C．those seated near the overweight may suffer too D．many airplane accidents involve the overweight 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Do Passengers Feel Anxious about Flying? B．Will 42% of Americans Be Overweight by 2030? C．When Will The Overweight Enjoy Their Flight? D．Are Airplane Seats Safe Enough for The Overweight? （22-23高一上·浙江温州·期中）It is not very difficult to find the pop-science bookshelf in a library. Just look for the most colorful shelf, because the national pop-science books are mostly written for children and teenagers. This is also proved by publishing sector data. According to China Science Popping Report 2021, the first report on pop-science books published by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in 2020 alone China had published 98.53 million pop-science books plus 258 kinds of pop-science magazines. However, most of these were for school students; the market and offer for adults are rather small. This is a major problem for the burgeoning( 生 机 勃 勃 的 ) pop-science sector. For too long, pop-science has been seen as a tool to better teach science to schoolchildren and teenagers, but not adults. Or at least three major national book-selling websites, if one searches for “pop-science”, one is naturally reminded of post-fix phrases such as “for teenagers”, “for 0-6 years old”, “for children”. It is completely necessary to teach pop-science to children, who are the future of the nation and whose sense of science affects the scientific development of the nation. However, this should not be all and the adults’ need to study science should not be ignored. There are so many scientific developments adults will need to keep up to date with, especially during a pandemic. How do masks protect one from the virus? What other measures must one take to stay healthy? Such questions are not juvenile( 未成年的) when one reads about anti-mask movements in the United States. Besides, there are groups that still think that the Earth is flat. To avoid such madness in China, it is necessary to create interest in pop-science among all age groups, from the grassroots( 草根的) level up. The more adults develop or sharpen their scientific attitudes, the more they can pay attention to their children’s knowledge too. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The effective data of publishing pop-science books. B．The great importance of printing pop-science books. C．The small market and supply of pop-science books for adults. D．The colored pop-science bookshelf designed for kids and teens. 2．Why should adults’ need to study science be focused on? A．To increase the sales of pop-science books. B．To benefit their health from pop-science books. C．To avoid their madness about scientific attitudes. D．To affect the scientific development of the nation. 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards pop-science books for adults? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Unclear. D．Negative. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Pop-science Books Need a Wider Audience. B．Pop-science Books Affect Kids’ Sense of Science. C．Pop-science Books Improve Adults’ Scientific views. D．Pop-science Books Focus on Scientific Development. （21-22高一上·河南开封·期中）In so many ways, cyberspace (网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love. Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity (身份) and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. Rather, a person’s thoughts—or at least the thoughts they type—are what really count. So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star. Usually, this “faceless” communication doesn’t create problems. Identity doesn’t really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this stress on the ideas themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat? But some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with. They’re looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail. Supporters say that the Internet allows couples lo gel lo know each other intellectually (智力地) first. Personal appearance doesn’t get in the way. Bill others argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully change their words to fit whatever image (形象) they want to give. In a sense, they’re not really themselves. All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. With so many unknowns, it’s easy to let one’s imagination “fill in the blanks.” This unavoidably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different than the real person. So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Clifford Stoll: “Life in the real world is far richer than anything you’ll find on a computer screen.” 1．Which of the following is not true according to the passage? A．It is possible that people can’t find true love online. B．Appearance and identity is of little importance for relationship online. C．A shy person will surely become talkative online. D．Internet users are encouraged to create images in cyberspace. 2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 5? A．Cyberspace mirrors the real world. B．Don’t judge a book by its cover. C．Inner beauty is more important than appearance. D．Things are not always what they seem. 3．What does “this” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．The online friend. B．One’s imagination. C．Love relationship. D．The real friend. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards looking for love cyberspace? A．He is against it. B．He supports it. C．He cares little about it. D．He is interested in it. （21-22高一上·湖北黄冈·期中）Once China’s strict lockdown was lifted, we saw a sharp rise in divorce enquiries. And this behaviour was mirrored around the world. In the US, the UK and throughout Europe, divorce rates have risen violently during the pandemic. Latvia, Lithuania and Belgium lead the way for the highest divorce rates in Europe. And in the USA, between 40-50% of marriages will end in divorce. The country with the lowest divorce rate in the world is India, followed by Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Turkey. Why they have the lowest divorce rates, and what are they doing differently? In many cases, access to divorce is a driving force behind a country’s divorce rates. A country like Chile only legalized divorce in 2004, so the concept is still quite new and the local uptake is likely to be much slower. Another key factor in determining divorce rates of a country is the value placed on family life. In countries like Colombia, it’s far more common for multiple generations from the same family to live together. This emphasis on family values places marriage at the heart of everything, so entering into a marriage is a more considered event. Countries such as India with a strong religious following are more likely to have low divorce rates. This is because marriage is more sacred (神圣的) when viewed from a religious perspective. Couples will be more likely to seek settlements or simply stay together regardless when they hit bumps in the road. There are a number of factors at play here, so it’s difficult to place a finger on one single factor that ensures couples enjoy a long and happy life together. And low divorce rates don’t always mean that couples are happy, it can just mean that the importance of marriage outweighs individual happiness. Seeking a divorce doesn’t have to be viewed as a failure; it can help you to get your life back on track and help you work towards a brighter and happier future. 1．Which of the following countries has the highest divorce rates? A．Colombia B．India C．USA D．Mexico 2．Why does Chile has a low divorce rate? A．Because people there enjoy a happier and longer life. B．Because divorce hasn’t been legal until 2004 in Chile. C．Because people there consider marriage the centre of everything. D．Because people there think seeking a divorce is evil and blamable. 3．What will a strong religious couple probably do if they have trouble with their marriage? A．Divorce without hesitation B．separate in a peaceful way C．stay together regardless of conflicts D．beg for forgiveness of their god 4．What is the author’s attitude towards divorce? A．negative B．supportive C．critical D．objective （21-22高一上·四川绵阳·期中）Advertising plays a major role in the competitive business world. Many industries take advantage of the power of advertising to attract or to win customers away from their business competitors. The influence of advertising is so huge that it causes many people to buy things that they do not want at the start. Advertising encourages people to buy things they don’t want through misleading ideas. Advertising is proven to be a successful tool to stress the features of their product to the public even though it is regarded undesirable (不受欢迎的) such as cigarettes, drugs, alcohol and so on. For example, Dunhill, a cigarette company which sponsors (赞助) many football teams, seems to be promoting cigarettes to the public. Without the sponsorship, the company will be less known to the public, resulting in fewer sales of cigarettes. Besides that, advertising has a large influence on the decisions made by the people in their everyday life. Many businesses use advertising as a form of promotion to create awareness (意识，认知) about their product in the market. For instance, in a fast food industry, the introduction of a new flavor o f burger needs advertising to reach the public while the other burgers require advertising to increase sales. Children, especially, are easily influenced by the advertisement and will have the desire to dine at fast food restaurants after that. Although fast food is bad for health, it has successfully become attractive to the public through advertising However, advertising plays a part in helping customers to compare a product in terms of price, quality, reliability (可靠性) and so on. Without advertising, it will be very difficult for customers to judge the worthiness( 价值) of a product. For example, advertisements published by various companies have given the customers the opportunity to choose wisely when buying an item. Without the power of advertising, customers will choose a brand (品牌) which may not offer the best choice. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Advertising. B．The product. C．Feature. D．The public. 2．The author mentions the fast food restaurants to show that________. A．food industry is having a hard time B．the information passed on in advertisements is unreal C．children are easily influenced by the advertisement D．advertisements influence people to make decisions 3．The main idea of Paragraph 4 is that advertising________. A．plays a role in fast food industry B．helps industries attract customers C．encourages people to make the right choices D．makes people buy some unnecessary things 4．The author’s attitude towards advertising can best be described as________. A．objective B．supportive C．uncared D．doubtful 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 期中复习阅读理解之议论文15篇 (名校期中真题) （23-24高一上·福建泉州·期中）Sure, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant. And yes, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because, in general, it’s smart to learn how to get along well with the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life. In fact, kids who get along well with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re more comfortable with asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier for them to understand new materials and makes them do their best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to with problems, such as problems with learning or school issues(问题). Here is a question：What if you don’t get along with your teachers? In fact, teachers want to get along well with you and enjoy seeing you learn. But teachers and students sometimes have personality clashes(个性冲突), which can happen between any two people. If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better, he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen. By dealing with a problem like this, you learn something about how to get along with people who are different from you. However, if a certain teacher isn’t your favorite, you can still have a successful relationship with him or her especially ________. Here are some of those responsibilities: Attend class ready to learn. Be prepared for class with the right stationery, books, and completed assignments(作业). Listen when your teacher is talking. Do your best, whether it’s a classroom assignment, homework, or a test. 1．According to the passage, getting along well with your teachers will make you ________. A．have no problems with study B．get a better seat in the classroom C．get the best scores in the exams D．have more pleasant time in the classroom 2．The underlined word “that” in the fourth paragraph refers to “________”. A．the happy time you have in the classroom B．getting along very well with classmates C．a better relationship between you and your teacher D．the disappearance of personality differences 3．Which of the following can be filled in the blank? A．if you fulfill(履行) your basic responsibilities as a student B．if you are thought of as a good student C．if you know some basic social skills D．if you are easy­going and helpful 4．The passage is written for ________. A．teachers B．students C．advisers D．parents 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了和老师相处融洽不但有利于学习，还可以锻炼你的社交能力，此外本文还教你如何与老师相处。 1． 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“Sure, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.(当然，和老师相处融洽是件好事，因为这会让你在课堂上度过的时间更愉快。)”可知，和老师相处融洽可以让你在班级更快乐。故选D项。 2． 词句猜测题。根据第四段“If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better, he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen.(如果你向你的老师表明你想让情况变得更好，他或她可能会尽一切可能实现这一点。)”可知，如果你向老师表明你想让你们之间的状况更好，她或他就会尽全力让这件事发生。故推测that指代的是“to make the situation better”，即想要你们之间的状况更好。所以C项a better relationship between you and your teacher.(和老师之间有更好的关系)符合以上说法。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据下文提到的“Here are some of those responsibilities: Attend class ready to learn. Be prepared for class with the right stationery, and completed assignments(作业). Listen when your teacher is talking. Do your best, whether it’s a classroom assignment, homework or a test.(以下是其中的一些职责：上课准备学习。用合适的文具和完成的作业为上课做好准备。听老师讲话。尽你最大的努力，无论是课堂作业、家庭作业还是考试。)”可知，里面所列举的都是学生应该履行的一些责任，故推断空格处应该讲述学生应该履行的责任。A项if you fulfill(履行) your basic responsibilities as a student(如果你履行作为学生的基本责任)与上下文连贯，符合文意。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“Sure, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.(当然，和老师相处融洽是件好事，因为这会让你在课堂上度过的时间更愉快。)”以及2-4段的内容可知，本文主要讲述了和老师关系和谐的重要性，所以本篇文章应是写给学生的。故选B项。 （23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期中）Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging (判断) by the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person. People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that cause pain to their feet, and tight body shapers that limit blood flow. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color or hairstyle. Some people even spend several hours a day in front of a mirror. Is fashion so important that people spend so much time and effort changing what they look like? If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good, it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much discomfort to be fashionable. Fashion should not come first. People should put their health and positive image in the first place. What people wear does not say anything about their personalities. Instead of spending hours choosing a dress, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together, such as playing soccer or badminton. Instead of going on strict diets and forcing yourself to stay hungry, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person. 1．Why does the author include a question in the first paragraph? A．To enrich the content. B．To introduce a new topic. C．To present different ideas. D．To encourage readers to doubt. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The fact about fashion industry. B．Reasons why fashion is important. C．The price to pay for being fashionable. D．Products popular with fashion followers. 3．Which of the following activities would the author most likely recommend? A．Going skiing with friends. B．Starting a new diet with a friend. C．Changing hairstyles every week. D．Shopping for fashionable clothes. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce the latest fashion trends. B．To tell readers how to remain fashionable. C．To advise readers to value health over fashion. D．To show readers advantages and disadvantages of dieting. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。人们不遗余力地追求时尚，但忽视了健康和舒适，本文认为健康更重要。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging (判断) by the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person.(时尚的外表是否比舒适更重要？从人们的穿着来看，许多人似乎这么认为。但时尚并非一切。成为一个健康和感觉好的人更为重要。)”可知第一段提出问题后，直接引出了“It is more important to be a healthy and good person.(成为一个健康和感觉好的人更为重要)”这一话题，可知，第一段提出问题的目的是引出新的话题，故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that cause pain to their feet, and tight body shapers that limit blood flow.(为了追求时尚，人们会付出巨大的努力。有些人认为他们必须拥有某种特定的身材，因此他们会进行极端的、不健康的饮食来改变自己的体型。此外，许多女性穿着不舒服的时尚，比如高跟鞋会导致脚部疼痛，紧身塑身器会限制血液流动。)”可知本段主要讲的是时尚的代价，故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Instead of spending hours choosing a dress, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together, such as playing soccer or badminton. Instead of going on strict diets and forcing yourself to stay hungry, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person.(与其花费数小时挑选衣服，不如给朋友们打电话，一起做些活动，如踢足球或打羽毛球。与其进行严格的节食让自己挨饿，为什么不吃一些健康的食物然后进行锻炼呢？通过这些方式，你可以保持健康的生活方式，真正地成长为一个更好的人)”可知作者推荐的是多锻炼身体，A项“Going skiing with friends(和朋友一起去滑雪)”表达的含义符合语境，故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable?( 时尚的外表是否比舒适更重要？)”、“It is more important to be a healthy and good person.(成为一个健康和感觉好的人更为重要)”、最后一段“If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good, it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much discomfort to be fashionable.(如果时尚的目的是让一个人感觉良好，那么他或她为了时尚而经历如此多的不适是没有意义的。)”以及“Instead of going on strict diets and forcing yourself to stay hungry, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person.(与其进行严格的节食让自己挨饿，为什么不吃一些健康的食物然后进行锻炼呢？通过这些方式，你可以保持健康的生活方式，真正地成长为一个更好的人)”可推理出，作者写这篇文章的目的是建议读者重视健康而非时尚，故选C项。 （23-24高一上·江苏连云港·期中）As a result of trade, travel and migration, different cuisines have spread across the world. Many recipes, chefs and restaurants try to announce that their food of a country or region is the most authentic (正宗的). But is this a good thing? People care about authenticity because food traditions are closely linked to identity (身份), particularly for migrant communities. Sociologist and professor of food studies, Krishnendu Ray, explains that home cooking is often the last way that communities can show their identity. British celebrity chef Jamie Oliver was accused of trying to take advantage of positive feelings about Jamaica. His ready meal product had a Jamaican name, but was unlike real Jamaican cooking. However, food consultant Sara Kay asks whether there are problems with the idea of authenticity. She stresses that these ideas often come from the expectations that majority cultures have about minority cultures and their food. These can be restricting (限制的) — restauranteurs have complained that people expect Asian food to be cheaper than that from European cultures. Expectations can also give people a false idea of what is authentic. While large cities are full of eateries representing different countries — China, India, Italy, Mexico and more — these labels can oversimplify the reality of food from these countries. Stephanie Elizondo Greist is surprised by the recognition(认识) that foods in Mexico are more authentic than what she ate growing up as a Mexican-American in Texas, because she feels that both are authentic examples of Mexican food. A more controversial (有争议的) view of authenticity was stated by American Chef Andrew Zimmern, who claimed that he could bring in Chinese dishes in a more authentic way than existing restaurants — many of which are owned by Chinese-Americans. Writer and food podcaster Ruth Tam points out that while these restaurants altered their menus to suit local tastes, so does Zimmern. So, while food and identity are closely linked, and failure to respect authenticity can cause offence, could there be problems with the whole idea of authenticity? 1．Which of the following factors causes people to care about authenticity? A．Taste. B．Tradition. C．Culture. D．Identity. 2．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．Eateries in different countries contribute to the authentic problem. B．Expectation about authenticity may cause problems. C．Asian food is cheaper than European food. D．You can enjoy the traditional taste of Mexican food both in Mexico and America. 3．Which statement might Stephanie Elizondo Greist agree with? A．There can be only one authentic taste in a country. B．What she eats in Texas means nothing to her. C．Every person can have his or her own recognition of authenticity. D．The regional specialities (特色菜) should be the same in a country. 4．The underlined word “altered” has the similar meaning with ________. A．changed B．kept C．tricked D．pressed 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了由于贸易、旅行和移民，不同的美食在世界各地传播开来。许多食谱、厨师和餐馆试图宣称他们的食物是一个国家或地区最正宗的。但这是一件好事吗？文章由此话题，展开了讨论。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Many recipes, chefs and restaurants try to announce that their food of a country or region is the most authentic (正宗的). But is this a good thing?”（许多食谱、厨师和餐馆试图宣称他们的食物是一个国家或地区最正宗的。但这是一件好事吗？）以及第二段中“People care about authenticity because food traditions are closely linked to identity (身份), particularly for migrant communities.”（人们关心食物的正宗性，因为食物传统与身份密切相关，尤其是对移民社区而言。）可知，食物的味道导致人们关心关心它的正宗和真实性。故选A项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“She stresses that these ideas often come from the expectations that majority cultures have about minority cultures and their food. These can be restricting(限制的) — restauranteurs have complained that people expect Asian food to be cheaper than that from European cultures. Expectations can also give people a false idea of what is authentic. While large cities are full of eateries representing different countries — China, India, Italy, Mexico and more — these labels can oversimplify the reality of food from these countries.”（她强调，这些想法往往来自多数文化对少数文化和他们的食物的期望。这可能是有限制的——餐馆老板抱怨说，人们认为亚洲食物比欧洲食物便宜。期望也会让人们对什么是真实的产生错误的想法。虽然大城市里到处都是代表不同国家的餐馆——中国、印度、意大利、墨西哥等等——但这些标签可能会过度简化这些国家食物的现实。）可知，第三段的主旨是对食物真实性的期望可能会产生问题。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Stephanie Elizondo Greist is surprised by the recognition(认识) that foods in Mexico are more authentic than what she ate growing up as a Mexican-American in Texas, because she feels that both are authentic examples of Mexican food.”（斯蒂芬妮·埃利桑多·格雷斯特对墨西哥食物比她在德克萨斯州长大的墨西哥裔美国人吃的食物更地道的认识感到惊讶，因为她觉得两者都是地道的墨西哥食物。）可推知，斯蒂芬妮·埃利桑多·格雷斯特可能会同意的说法是每个人都可以有他或她自己对真实性的认识。故选C项。 4．词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“…to suit local tastes, so does Zimmern.”（以适应当地人的口味，齐默尔恩也是如此。）以及下文“So, while food and identity are closely linked, and failure to respect authenticity can cause offence, could there be problems with the whole idea of authenticity?”（因此，虽然食物和身份本质密切相关，不尊重真实性可能会引起冒犯，但整个真实性的概念是否存在问题？）由此可知，此处为这些餐馆改变了菜单以适应当地人的口味。故可猜测划线单词altered为“改变”的意思，结合选项A项changed“改变”意思一致。故选A项。 （23-24高一上·四川眉山·期中）Many Chinese students think American students enjoy more freedom than them at school. But American schools also have their rules. If the students break the rules, they willget punishment, too. On the first day of a new term, 128 students of Morton High School were sent home for wearing the wrong clothes. There are altogether 1200 students in the school. Usually only 20 students break the school dress rule every day. So the headmaster Theresa Mayerik said it was the worst new term she had ever seen. At Morton High School, students’ favorite clothing such as baggy (宽大的) trousers, low-necked shirts and tanktops (紧身短背心) are not allowed in classrooms. Some students think they have the right to choose what to wear. But the headmaster doesn’t think so. “I’d be supportive if half the school was sent home, because 99% will get the message that our school are for education.” “Freedom” does not mean “free of restrictions (约束)”. That is to say there is no total freedom in the world, no matter in the US or in China. 1．128 students of Morton High School were sent home for _______. A．not finishing their homework B．being late for school C．not wearing the right clothes D．not listening to the teachers in class 2．Some students in Morton High School think that they have the right to ________. A．decide when to go to school B．go to school or not C．eat and drink in class D．choose what to wear 3．What does the underlined word “supportive” mean in Chinese? A．高兴的 B．支持的 C．害怕的 D．反对的 4．What’s the writer’s attitude to the school dress rule? A．Agree. B．Disagree. C．Not sure. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要通过讲述美国莫顿高中128名学生因穿错衣服而被送回家一事，告诉我们无论在美国还是在中国，学生违反规则都会受到惩罚，世界上没有完全的自由。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“On the first day of a new term, 128 students of Morton High School were sent home for wearing the wrong clothes.”（在新学期的第一天，莫顿高中的128名学生因为穿错了衣服而被遣送回家。）可知，莫顿高中的128名学生因为没有穿合适的衣服而被送回家。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Some students think they have the right to choose what to wear.”（一些学生认为他们有权选择穿什么。）可知，莫顿高中的一些学生认为他们有权选择穿什么。故选D项。 3．词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“because 99% will get the message that our school are for education. “Freedom” does not mean “free of restrictions (约束)”.”（因为99%的人会得到这样的信息：我们学校是为了教育。“自由”并不意味着“不受限制”。）由此可知，此处为如果有一半的学生被送回家，我会很支持。故可猜测划线单词supportive为“支持的”意思。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“That is to say there is no total freedom in the world, no matter in the US or in China.”（也就是说，世界上没有完全的自由，无论是在美国还是在中国。）可推知，作者对这个学校着装规定的态度是赞同的。故选A项。 （23-24高一上·福建泉州·期中）For decades, the homework standard has been a“10-minute”rule, which suggests a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level. But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a break. A Massachusetts elementary school has announced a no-homework pilot (试点的) program for the coming school year, extending the school day by two hours to provide more in-class instruction. “We really want kids to go home at 4 o’clock,” Kelly Elementary School Principal Jackie Glasheen said. “We want them to enjoy their families. We want them to go to soccer practice or football practice.” New solutions to homework differ by community. These local debates aren’t easily understood by the fact that even education experts disagree about what’s best for kids. The most all-round research on homework so far comes from an analysis (分析) by Duke University professor Harris Cooper, who found evidence (证据) of a positive relationship between homework and student achievement, meaning students who did homework performed better in school. Cooper’s analysis focused on how homework influences test scores. The relationship was stronger for older students-in 7th through 12th grade-than for those in younger grades, for whom there was a weak relationship between homework and performance. Although there is the weak relationship between homework and performance for young children, Cooper argues that a small amount of homework is useful for all students. Second-graders should not be doing two hours of homework each night, he said, but they also shouldn’t be doing no homework. However, Cathy Vatterott, an education professor at the University Missouri-St. Louis, thinks there is not enough evidence that homework is helpful for students in elementary school, “Relationship is not a root,” she said “Does homework cause achievement, or do high achievers do more homework?” Vatterott thinks there should be more stress on improving the quality of homework tasks, and she supports efforts to ban homework for younger kids. 1．What will Kelly Elementary School have in the new term. A．No homework. B．Some football practice. C．“10-minute” homework. D．More physical education classes. 2．Who can perform better according to Cooper’s analysis? A．Younger students in all grades with no homework. B．Younger students in lower grades with no homework. C．Older students in lower grades with more homework. D．Older students in higher grades with more homework. 3．What does the underlined word in paragraph 6 mean? A．事业 B．原因 C．根系 D．要求 4．What’s the writer’s attitude towards “10-minute” homework? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Unknown. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕学生们是否应该有家庭作业，家庭作业对学生们好不好这些问题进行讨论。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“A Massachusetts elementary school has announced a no-homework pilot (试点的) program for the coming school year(麻省的一个小学已经宣布了一个在即将到来的这个学年没有作业的试点项目)”可知，Kelly Elementary School在新学期将没有作业。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“meaning students who did homework performed better in school. Cooper’s analysis focused on how homework influences test scores. The relationship was stronger for older students-in 7th through 12th grade-than for those in younger grades, for whom there was a weak relationship between homework and performance.(这意味着做家庭作业的学生在学校表现更好。库珀的分析侧重于家庭作业如何影响考试成绩。在七年级到十二年级的高年级学生中，这种关系比低年级学生更强，低年级学生的家庭作业和成绩之间的关系较弱)”可推知，年龄大些的高年级作业多的学生表现会更好。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线处上句“there is not enough evidence that homework is helpful for students in elementary school (没有足够的证据表明家庭作业对小学生有帮助)”以及后句“she said “Does homework cause achievement, or do high achievers do more homework?”(她说：“是家庭作业带来成就，还是成就高的人做的家庭作业更多？”)”可知， Cathy Vatterott认为家庭作业对小学生的帮助并不大，两者之间的关系并不是根本原因。由此可知，划线词root和B项含义一致。故选B。 4．推理判断题。文章只是在第一段“For decades, the homework standard has been a“10-minute”rule, which suggests a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level.(几十年来，家庭作业标准一直是“10分钟”规则，即每个年级每天最多10分钟的家庭作业)”和第二段“But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a break(但是有一些学校已经开始让小年龄的学生们打破这个规则了)”阐述了一下“10分钟”原则，但是作者并没有对它表示任何的看法。由此推知，作者对“10分钟”作业的态度是未知的。故选C。 （23-24高一上·浙江·期中）Teenagers who travel around the world alone have been making headlines quite often. A young person alone in a dangerous situation attracts attention and supporters. Young sailors also attract various views. For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the government to call off her solo trip across the ocean, yet the Prime Minister (总理) called her “a hero for young Australians” when she returned.  It seems views are poles apart on the ability and independence of young people. Some experts tell us that teenage brains are likely to make wrong judgments. But such ideas often do not apply to specific individuals (个体) . Between the ages of 14 and 18, teenagers differ greatly in their abilities. The amount of independence that each is allowed should be determined not simply by their ages but by discussion with the related, responsible adults. Some teens are certainly inexperienced and make childish mistakes, but the ones who attempt dangerous journeys normally do so by winning the confidence of hard-headed and experienced adult supporters. But it’s also wrong to think that any 16-year-old can make a hit as Jessica Watson. Watson calls herself “a common girl who had a dream”. Her purpose is to encourage teenagers but this idea can have the opposite effect of making them feel not good enough because great achievements are beyond them. Should all teens have such wild dreams? Actually, individuals face different conditions that limit their dreams. Teenagers who travel around the world alone should not be judged by preconceived (先入为主的) views about young people. Nor should young “common” teenagers feel pressure to long for extraordinary personal goals. In fact, I believe the example of solo sailing overstresses what an individual can do. The teenage years are when most of us “common” people learn that we can achieve great things in cooperation with others. 1．Why is Jessica Watson mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To set a heroic example for teenagers. B．To point out the public’s interest in young people. C．To introduce different opinions on teenagers’ adventures. D．To show the Prime Minister disagreed with the government. 2．What can determine the amount of teenagers’ independence? A．Different journeys. B．Brain development. C．Communication with adults. D．Confidence in themselves. 3．What does Watson mean by calling herself “a common girl who had a dream”? A．She likes dangerous journeys. B．Teenagers can make success. C．She can accept she is common. D．Teenagers should go travelling. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards teenagers’ act of travelling alone? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Uncaring. D．Uncertain. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了各方对于青少年独自一人环游世界或航行的不同看法。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the government to call off her solo trip across the ocean, yet the Prime Minister (总理) called her “a hero for young Australians” when she returned. It seems views are poles apart on the ability and independence of young people.(例如，杰西卡·沃森被政府要求取消她的航行，但当她回来时，总理称她为“澳大利亚年轻人的英雄”。人们似乎对年轻人的能力和独立性感到困惑)”可知，对于Jessica Watson的冒险行为人们的看法不一致，文章用这个例子为下文人们对年轻人冒险行为的不同看法进行铺垫。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The amount of independence that each is allowed should be determined not simply by their ages but by discussion with the related, responsible adults.(每个人的独立程度不应该简单地由他们的年龄来决定，而应该通过与相关的、负责任的成年人讨论来决定。)”可知，与成年人的交流可以决定青少年的独立性。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Her purpose is to encourage teenagers but this idea can have the opposite effect of making them feel not good enough because great achievements are beyond them. (她的意图是鼓励青少年，但这个想法可能会产生相反的效果，让他们觉得自己不够好，因为伟大的成就超出了他们的能力范围)”可知，Jessica Watson说自己是一个有梦想的普通女孩的本意是想鼓励其他青少年也可以像她一样取得成功。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Teenagers who travel around the world alone should not be judged by preconceived (先入为主的)views about young people. Nor should young “common” teenagers feel pressure to long for extraordinary personal goals. In fact, I believe the example of solo sailing overstresses what an individual can do. The teenage years are when most of us “common” people learn that we can achieve great things in cooperation with others. (不应该用对年轻人先入为主的看法来评判独自环游世界的青少年。年轻的“普通”青少年也不应该感到渴望非凡的个人目标的压力。事实上，我认为单人航海的例子过分强调了个人主义。青少年时期是我们大多数“普通人”知道我们可以与他人合作取得伟大成就的时候)”可知，作者觉得独自一人旅行太过于强调个人主义了。因此作者对此行为持“质疑”的态度。故选A。 （22-23高一上·山东淄博·期中）It is said that most people have no more than 30 friends at any given time, and 400 over the whole of their lives. However, on social networking sites, most users have about 150 friends. If these numbers are correct, then friendship means different things in different situations. Also, there are no rules about friendship. There is no instruction in making friends, maintaining friendship, and finishing friendship if we want to move on. People have very different opinions about this: some people would die for their friends and they value them more than families. Others say that friends are temporary (暂时的), and only there to help each other until they are no longer needed. If people with those different views become friends, this can lead to problems. Because of these different definitions (定义) of friendship, it is easy to be unhappy about our friendship. We may want it to be deeper or closer, or we may want to acquire more friends in our lives. Sometimes we simply do not have the time to develop our friendship, or we fear we have left it too late in life to start. If we move to another country or city, we have to find ways to make new friends again. This dissatisfaction (不满) shows us how significant friendship is for most of us. We should not think that it could be too late to build friendship. We also need to understand that the need to be around other people is one that is shared by most people. Therefore, we should not be too frightened of starting to talk to people who in the future may become our friends: it is likely that they would like to get closer to us too. Remember what people say: strangers are friends we have not met yet. 1．What’s the author’s purpose in listing the numbers in Paragraph 1? A．To explain the reason. B．To introduce the topic. C．To show the ways of making friends. D．To persuade readers to make more friends. 2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．There is a rule about making friends. B．People with different views can become friends. C．Friendship means different things to different people. D．Some people would die for their friends if they need to do that. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Most of us need to have friends. B．Most of us build friendship late in life. C．Most of us are dissatisfied with our friends. D．Most of us are frightened of talking to people. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards talking to a stranger? A．Uninterested. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Positive. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了友谊在不同的情况下有着不同的意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“It is said that most people have no more than 30 friends at any given time, and 400 over the whole of their lives. However, on social networking sites, most users have about 150 friends. If these numbers are correct, then friendship means different things in different situations. (据说，大多数人在任何时候都有不超过30个朋友，而一生中有400个朋友。然而，在社交网站上，大多数用户大约有150个朋友。如果这些数字是正确的，那么友谊在不同的情况下有着不同的意义。)”可知，这些数字用来引出主题：友谊在不同的情况下有着不同的意义。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“People have very different opinions about this: some people would die for their friends and they value them more than families. Others say that friends are temporary (暂时的), and only there to help each other until they are no longer needed. If people with those different views become friends, this can lead to problems. (人们对此有非常不同的看法：有些人会为他们的朋友而死，他们认为朋友比家人更重要。另一些人说朋友是暂时的，只有在不需要他们的时候才互相帮助。如果持不同观点的人成为朋友，这可能会导致问题。)”可知，本段主要说明友谊对不同的人有着不同的意义。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This dissatisfaction (不满) shows us how significant friendship is for most of us. (这种不满告诉我们，友谊对我们大多数人来说是多么重要。)”可知，从文章中我们可以了解到，友谊很重要，我们大多数人都需要朋友。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Therefore, we should not be too frightened of starting to talk to people who in the future may become our friends: it is likely that they would like to get closer to us too. Remember what people say: strangers are friends we have not met yet. (因此，我们不应该太害怕开始与未来可能成为我们朋友的人交谈：很可能他们也想更接近我们。记住人们说的：陌生人是我们还没见过的朋友。)”可知，作者对与陌生人交谈的态度是积极的。故选D项。 （22-23高一上·广东惠州·期中）If someone were to ask me what it is like to be a student now, I would probably answer them like this: being a student in today’s society is not always easy. Adults often tell us that we don’t know what stress is. But we have our own levels of stress. Many students in their high school years start their first job, so now you have school in the mornings, followed by responsibilities at home and work. By the time you are done there, you are too tired to finish your school work, but you stay up late to finish and return to school feeling sleepy the next day. What good is that? Let’s not forget about peer (同龄人) pressure. All high school students meet with it at some point in their lives. High school can be a place where students are made fun of, singled out and pointed at. My point is: it is a whole lot more stressful to be a student in high school than adults believe. Our stress may not include paying bills, but I’m sure if the adults in our lives could go back to school today, they would be surprised at how much it has changed. I admit that there aren’t good moments and memories while we are students. My mum always tells me to enjoy it while I can. I know that the world outside of school is often hard and that the responsibilities are serious. That’s exactly why I know that the focus I give to my future is important in leading me to a career that will allow me to contribute (贡献) to society. 1．What is the author’s attitude to high school students’ working part-time? A．He is against it. B．He feels proud of it. C．He considers it worth a try. D．He thinks it does them good. 2．What does the author think of today’s adults? A．They are proud of high school students. B．They expect too much of high school students. C．They are more stressed than high school students. D．They don’t fully understand high school students. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Stress. B．Schoolwork. C．Part-time job. D．School life. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The roles of the youth in today’s society. B．The stressful life of high school students. C．The way to deal with stress of school life. D．The differences between parents and high school students. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者在文中列举了高中生所面临的各种压力，并且阐述了自己的观点：学生的压力和成年人是不同的，成年人低估了高中生所承受的压力，但是还是要珍惜校园时光，为走向社会做好准备。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Many students in their high school years start their first job, so now you have school in the mornings, followed by responsibilities at home and work. By the time you are done there, you are too tired to finish your school work, but you stay up late to finish and return to school feeling sleepy the next day. What good is that?(许多学生在高中时就开始了他们的第一份工作，所以现在你每天早上都要上学，然后是在家和工作中的责任。当你在那里把工作都完成的时候，你太累了，无法完成你的作业，但你熬夜去完成作业，第二天回到学校感觉很困。这有什么好处？)”可知作者反对课后做兼职。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Adults often tell us that we don’t know what stress is. But we have our own levels of stress.(成年人经常告诉我们，我们不知道什么是压力。但我们有自己的压力水平。)”以及第四段“My point is: it is a whole lot more stressful to be a student in high school than adults believe. Our stress may not include paying bills, but I’m sure if the adults in our lives could go back to school today, they would be surprised at how much it has changed.(我想说的是：高中生的压力比成年人想象的要大得多。我们的压力可能不包括支付账单，但我敢肯定，如果我们生活中的成年人今天能够回到学校，他们会惊讶于它的巨大变化。)”可知作者认为高中生的压力比成年人想象的要大得多，如今的成年人并不能完全理解现在的高中生，故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“I admit that there aren’t good moments and memories while we are students. My mum always tells me to enjoy it while I can. I know that the world outside of school is often hard and that the responsibilities are serious. (我承认，当我们是学生时，没有美好的时刻和回忆。我妈妈总是告诉我尽可能享受it。我知道校外的世界往往很艰难，责任很重。)” 可知，作者认为他们现在学生没有美好的时光和回忆；再结合下文对比踏入社会后生活的艰难和责任重大可知，此处指妈妈让作者珍惜学生时代的生活，故此处 it 指的是学校生活。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If someone were to ask me what it is like to be a student now, I would probably answer them like this: being a student in today’s society is not always easy.(如果有人问我现在的学生是什么感觉，我可能会这样回答他们：在当今社会做学生并不总是容易的。)”以及第二段第一句“Adults often tell us that we don’t know what stress is. But we have our own levels of stress.(成年人经常告诉我们，我们不知道什么是压力。但我们有自己的压力水平。)”可知作者作为学生也很不容易，也有要面对的压力；文章下文作者详细阐述了高中生面临的来自学业、兼职、同辈和校园欺凌等各方面的压力，同时还将其与成年人的压力做了对比。由此可知，全文主要围绕高中学生充满压力的生活展开，因此B项“The stressful life of high school students.(高中生紧张的生活。)”能够概括全文，故选B。 （22-23高一上·河北石家庄·期中）Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging (判断) by the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person. People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that cause pain to their feet, and tight body shapers that limit blood flow. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color or hairstyle. Some people even spend several hours a day in front of a mirror. Is fashion so important that people spend so much time and effort changing what they look like? If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good, it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much discomfort to be fashionable. Fashion should not come first. People should put their health and positive image in the first place. What people wear does not say anything about their personalities. Instead of spending hours choosing a dress, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together, such as playing soccer or badminton. Instead of going on strict diets and forcing yourself to stay hungry, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person. 1．Why does the author include questions in the text? A．To enrich the content. B．To introduce a new topic. C．To present different ideas. D．To encourage readers to think. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The fact about fashion industry. B．Reasons why fashion is important. C．The price to pay for being fashionable. D．Products popular with fashion followers. 3．Which of the following activities would the author most likely recommend? A．Going skiing with friends. B．Starting a new diet with a friend. C．Changing hairstyles every week. D．Shopping for fashionable clothes. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce the latest fashion trends. B．To tell readers how to remain fashionable. C．To advise readers to value health over fashion. D．To show readers advantages and disadvantages of dieting. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要就时尚和舒适展开讨论，劝说读者时尚远不如健康和舒适更重要，并且提出了健康生活方式的建议。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging (判断) by the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person.(看起来时尚比舒适更重要吗？从他们穿的衣服来判断，很多人似乎都这么认为。但时尚并不是一切。做一个健康舒适的人更重要)”可知，作者提出问题，以引入文章的主题：健康比时尚更重要。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that cause pain to their feet, and tight body shapers that limit blood flow. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color or hairstyle. Some people even spend several hours a day in front of a mirror.(有些人认为自己必须拥有某种体型，所以他们为了改变自己的身材，采取极端、不健康的饮食。此外，许多女性穿着不舒适的时装，如导致脚部疼痛的高跟鞋，限制血液流动的紧身塑身衣。男人和女人都会花时间和金钱购买改变他们自然发色或发型的产品。有些人甚至每天花几个小时在镜子前)”可知，本段主要介绍了人们为了时尚付出的代价。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Instead of spending hours choosing a dress, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together, such as playing soccer or badminton. Instead of going on strict diets and forcing yourself to stay hungry, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person.(与其花几个小时来挑选衣服，也许你应该打电话给你的朋友，一起做一些事情，比如踢足球或打羽毛球。与其严格节食，强迫自己保持饥饿，为什么不吃一些健康的食物，然后锻炼身体呢？通过做这些事情，你可以保持健康的生活方式，真正成长为一个人)”可知，与花费时间精力以及牺牲健康而换取时尚相比，作者认为应该吃健康食物，和朋友一起锻炼身体。由此推知，作者可能推荐和朋友一起去滑雪这项活动。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person.(但时尚并不是一切。做一个健康舒适的人更重要)”以及第三段“Fashion should not come first. People should put their health and positive image in the first place.(时尚不应该是第一位的。人们应该把健康和正面形象放在首位)”可知，本文说明时尚远不如健康和舒适更重要。由此推知，作者写作本文的目的是劝说读者重视健康胜过重视时尚。故选C项。 （22-23高一上·四川成都·期中）One of the greatest sources of unhappiness, in my experience, is the difficulty we have in accepting things as they are. When we see something we don’t like, we wish it could be different. We cry out for something better. That may be human nature, or perhaps it’s something rooted in our culture. The root of the unhappiness isn’t necessarily that we want things to be different. However, it’s that we decided we didn’t like it in the first place. We’ve judged it as bad, rather than saying, “It’s not bad or good, and it just is it.” In one of my books, I said “You should expect people to mess up and expect things to go differently than you planned”. Some readers said it’s too sorrowful to expect things to go wrong. However, it’s only negative if you see it as negative and judge it as bad. Instead, you could accept it as the way the world works and try to understand why that is. This can be applied to whatever you do: how other people act at work, how politics works and how depressing the news media can be. Accept these things as they are, and try to understand why they’re that way. It will save you a lot of sadness, because you’ll no longer say, “Oh. I wish bad things didn’t happen.” Does it mean you can never change things? Not at all. But change things not because you can’t accept things as they are, but because you enjoy the process of changing, learning and growing. Can we make this world a better place? You can say that you’ll continue to try to do things to help others, to grow as a person, to make a difference in this world. That’s the correct path you choose to take, because you enjoy that path. Therefore, when you find yourself judging and wishing for difference, try a different approach: accept and understand. It might lead to some interesting results. 1．The author believes that we feel unhappy maybe because ________. A．it is our natural emotion in the life B．culture asks us to be different from others C．everyone has their own opinions on things D．we dislike something in the beginning 2．Some readers think the words in the author’s book is too ________. A．depressing B．frightening C．encouraging D．unreal 3．In paragraph 4, the underlined word “it” refers to ________. A．acting well at work and in politics B．feeling depressed for the news media C．accepting and understanding what has happened D．saying something negative when bad things come 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Expecting things to be different gives us hope. B．Accepting can make our life happier and better. C．Traditional culture becomes the root of unhappiness. D．Judging good or bad is important for our world. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了人们不快乐的根源是不愿意接受事物本来的样子，总想试图把它们改变成自己喜欢的样子。在文中作者建议人们要学会去接受、理解事物本来的面貌，本质，然后就会有意想不到的收获。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The root of the unhappiness isn’t necessarily that we want things to be different. However, it’s that we decided we didn’t like it in the first place.(不快乐的根源不一定是我们希望事情有所不同。然而，是我们一开始就决定不喜欢它。)”可知，作者认为人们不快乐的根源是从一开始我们就不喜欢某些东西，不愿意接受它们本来的样子。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Some readers said it’s too sorrowful to expect things to go wrong. (一些读者说，期待事情会出错太令人悲伤了。)”可知，一些读者认为作者的话太过消沉，悲观。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Accept these things as they are, and try to understand why they’re that way. It will save you a lot of sadness, because you’ll no longer say, “Oh. I wish bad things didn’t happen.”(接受这些事情本来的样子，并试着理解为什么会是这样。它会帮你省去很多悲伤，因为你不会再说“哦。我希望坏事没有发生。”)”可知，只有接受事物本身的样子，你才不会感到那么悲伤，可推知此处it指代前面内容，即接受事物本身的样子，并去理解为什么是这样的。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“One of the greatest sources of unhappiness, in my experience, is the difficulty we have in accepting things as they are.(根据我的经验，不快乐的最大来源之一是我们难以接受事物的本来面目。)”以及余下全文可知，文章开头提出人们不快乐的根源是不愿意接受事物本来的样子，然后进一步分析说明，最后建议人们为了快乐就要学会接受、理解。由此可知B选项“Accepting can make our life happier and better.(接受让我们的生活变得更快乐和更好。)”符合语意。故选B项。 （22-23高一上·江苏南京·期中）On Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that 42% of Americans could be overweight by 2030. Our expanding waistlines lead to not only a medical problem, but according to a recent article In The New York Times, it could also affect personal safety in some situations-in an airplane crash, for example. The New York Times’ Christen Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are adequately constructed to protect overweight travelers. Government standards for airplane seat strength—first set more than 60 years ago—require that the seats be made for a passenger weighing 170 pounds (77kg). Today, the average American man weighs nearly 194 pounds (88kg) and the average woman 165 pounds (75kg). Negroni reports: “If a heavier person completely fills seat, the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash.” said Robert Salazar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy absorption that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly.” “Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said, “those people who are seated nearby could be endangered from ‘the uncontrolled movements of the passenger’.” Most complaints about airplane seats focus on their lack of comfort and high ticket price, and whether overweight passengers should be made to buy two seats. But The New York Times’ article brings up another reason to feel anxious about flying. Investigators of the issue got in touch with the airplane seat and seat belt makers, but they refused to comment on the problem. Experts agreed that crash testing should be done with overweight dummies (人体模型). Both airplane seats and seat belts should be tested, they said. Fortunately, however, according to Nora Marshall, a senior adviser at the National Transportation Safety Board, the board’s investigators have never seen an accident involving a commercial plane in which the weight of a passenger was a problem. 1．What is the article in The New York Times mainly concerned with? A．The size of airplane seats and seat belts. B．Safety of overweight airplane passengers. C．Airplane crashes involving commercial planes. D．A medical problem caused by being overweight. 2．Robert Salzar would probably agree that ________. A．overweight passengers should buy two seats B．the government should help produce safer planes C．standards for airplane seat strength should be raised D．passengers should know how to protect themselves 3．We can learn from the text that ________. A．airplane seat makers have perfected their products B．there are few complaints about airplane seats C．those seated near the overweight may suffer too D．many airplane accidents involve the overweight 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Do Passengers Feel Anxious about Flying? B．Will 42% of Americans Be Overweight by 2030? C．When Will The Overweight Enjoy Their Flight? D．Are Airplane Seats Safe Enough for The Overweight? 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论现在的飞机座位对于较胖的乘客是否足够安全。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“On Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that 42% of Americans could be overweight by 2030. Our expanding waistlines lead to not only a medical problem, but according to a recent article In The New York Times, it could also affect personal safety in some situations-in an airplane crash, for example. (周一，美国疾病控制和预防中心预测，到2030年，42%的美国人可能会过于肥胖。我们不断扩大的腰围不仅会导致医疗问题，而且根据《纽约时报》最近的一篇文章：在某些情况下，它还会影响人身安全——例如坠机。)”可知，在飞机上，乘客过胖会影响自身安全和引发飞机事故。故推知《纽约时报》最近的一篇文章担心飞机上过胖的乘客的安全。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据Negroni reports部分““If a heavier person completely fills seat, the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash.” said Robert Salazar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy absorption that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly.” (弗吉尼亚大学应用生物力学中心的首席科学家Robert Salazar说：“如果一个较重的人完全填满座位，那么座椅在碰撞过程中不太可能按预期表现。内置在飞机座椅上的能量吸收系统可能会难以承受，乘客将无法得到适当的保护。)”可知，乘客过胖，飞机座位难以承受过胖的乘客，无法保护他们。故推知Robert Salazar赞成应提高飞机座椅的强度标准，以承载过重的乘客。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段““Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said, “those people who are seated nearby could be endangered from ‘the uncontrolled movements of the passenger’.” (Salzar博士说：“伤害也不会仅限于那名乘客。如果座椅或安全带失效，坐在附近的乘客可能会受到‘不受自己控制的过胖乘客运动’的威胁。)”可知，那些坐在过胖乘客附近的人也可能受到影响。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第三段““If a heavier person completely fills seat, the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash.” said Robert Salazar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy absorption that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly.” (弗吉尼亚大学应用生物力学中心的首席科学家Robert Salazar说：“如果一个较重的人完全填满座位，那么座椅在碰撞过程中不太可能按预期表现。内置在飞机座椅上的能量吸收系统可能会难以承受，乘客将无法得到适当的保护。)”及第四段““Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said, “those people who are seated nearby could be endangered from ‘the uncontrolled movements of the passenger’.” (Salzar博士说：“伤害也不会仅限于那名乘客。如果座椅或安全带失效，坐在附近的乘客可能会受到‘不受自己控制的过胖乘客运动’的威胁。)”可知，飞机的座位不适合过胖的人，无法保护过胖的乘客并影响邻座乘客。故推知文章主要讨论飞机座位对超重者来说是否合适与安全。故推知文章标题是Are Airplane Seats Safe Enough for the Overweight? (飞机座位对超重者来说足够安全吗？)。故选D。 （22-23高一上·浙江温州·期中）It is not very difficult to find the pop-science bookshelf in a library. Just look for the most colorful shelf, because the national pop-science books are mostly written for children and teenagers. This is also proved by publishing sector data. According to China Science Popping Report 2021, the first report on pop-science books published by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in 2020 alone China had published 98.53 million pop-science books plus 258 kinds of pop-science magazines. However, most of these were for school students; the market and offer for adults are rather small. This is a major problem for the burgeoning( 生 机 勃 勃 的 ) pop-science sector. For too long, pop-science has been seen as a tool to better teach science to schoolchildren and teenagers, but not adults. Or at least three major national book-selling websites, if one searches for “pop-science”, one is naturally reminded of post-fix phrases such as “for teenagers”, “for 0-6 years old”, “for children”. It is completely necessary to teach pop-science to children, who are the future of the nation and whose sense of science affects the scientific development of the nation. However, this should not be all and the adults’ need to study science should not be ignored. There are so many scientific developments adults will need to keep up to date with, especially during a pandemic. How do masks protect one from the virus? What other measures must one take to stay healthy? Such questions are not juvenile( 未成年的) when one reads about anti-mask movements in the United States. Besides, there are groups that still think that the Earth is flat. To avoid such madness in China, it is necessary to create interest in pop-science among all age groups, from the grassroots( 草根的) level up. The more adults develop or sharpen their scientific attitudes, the more they can pay attention to their children’s knowledge too. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The effective data of publishing pop-science books. B．The great importance of printing pop-science books. C．The small market and supply of pop-science books for adults. D．The colored pop-science bookshelf designed for kids and teens. 2．Why should adults’ need to study science be focused on? A．To increase the sales of pop-science books. B．To benefit their health from pop-science books. C．To avoid their madness about scientific attitudes. D．To affect the scientific development of the nation. 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards pop-science books for adults? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Unclear. D．Negative. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Pop-science Books Need a Wider Audience. B．Pop-science Books Affect Kids’ Sense of Science. C．Pop-science Books Improve Adults’ Scientific views. D．Pop-science Books Focus on Scientific Development. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了通俗科学书籍大多是为儿童和青少年写的这一现象，并指出成年人学习科学的需要也要被关注。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“According to China Science Popping Report 2021, the first report on pop-science books published by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in 2020 alone China had published 98.53 million pop-science books plus 258 kinds of pop-science magazines. (根据中国科学院发布的首份科普图书报告《中国科普科普报告2021》，仅2020年，中国就出版了9853万本科普图书和258种科普杂志)”可知，第二段主要讲解的是科普图书出版的有效数据。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“To avoid such madness in China, it is necessary to create interest in pop-science among all age groups, from the grassroots( 草根的) level up. (为了避免这种疯狂在中国发生，有必要从基层开始，在所有年龄层中激发对科普的兴趣)”可知，成年人学习科学的需要是为了避免他们对科学的疯狂态度。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“To avoid such madness in China, it is necessary to create interest in pop-science among all age groups, from the grassroots( 草根的) level up. (为了避免这种疯狂在中国发生，有必要从基层开始，在所有年龄层中激发对科普的兴趣)”可知，作者对成人科普书籍的态度是支持的。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“To avoid such madness in China, it is necessary to create interest in pop-science among all age groups, from the grassroots( 草根的) level up. (为了避免这种疯狂在中国发生，有必要从基层开始，在所有年龄层中激发对科普的兴趣)”以及文章倒数第二段“There are so many scientific developments adults will need to keep up to date with, especially during a pandemic.(成年人需要跟上很多科学发展的步伐，特别是在大流行期间)”可知，科普书籍需要更广泛的读者。故选A。 （21-22高一上·河南开封·期中）In so many ways, cyberspace (网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love. Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity (身份) and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. Rather, a person’s thoughts—or at least the thoughts they type—are what really count. So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star. Usually, this “faceless” communication doesn’t create problems. Identity doesn’t really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this stress on the ideas themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat? But some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with. They’re looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail. Supporters say that the Internet allows couples lo gel lo know each other intellectually (智力地) first. Personal appearance doesn’t get in the way. Bill others argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully change their words to fit whatever image (形象) they want to give. In a sense, they’re not really themselves. All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. With so many unknowns, it’s easy to let one’s imagination “fill in the blanks.” This unavoidably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different than the real person. So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Clifford Stoll: “Life in the real world is far richer than anything you’ll find on a computer screen.” 1．Which of the following is not true according to the passage? A．It is possible that people can’t find true love online. B．Appearance and identity is of little importance for relationship online. C．A shy person will surely become talkative online. D．Internet users are encouraged to create images in cyberspace. 2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 5? A．Cyberspace mirrors the real world. B．Don’t judge a book by its cover. C．Inner beauty is more important than appearance. D．Things are not always what they seem. 3．What does “this” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．The online friend. B．One’s imagination. C．Love relationship. D．The real friend. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards looking for love cyberspace? A．He is against it. B．He supports it. C．He cares little about it. D．He is interested in it. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了现在很多人都在网络里寻找爱情或者其他的社会联系，并具体分析了在网络里寻找爱情的劣势。 1．细节理解题。根据文中第二段“So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star. ”可知甚至最害羞的人也可能会成为聊天室的明星。C. A shy person will surely become talkative online.(一个害羞的人确定会成为网上的健谈者) 分析可知C项中的surely过于绝对化，故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“But others argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully change their words to fit whatever image(形象) they want to give. In a sense, they re not really themselves.”可知，一些人认为没有人能在网络空间真正认识另一个人，因为互联网让用户可以很好地控制别人对自己的看法，互联网用户可以精心措辞以适合他们想树立的形象。在某种意义上，他们不是真正的自己。由此可知，D项（事情并不总是像看上去的那样。）切题，故选D。 3．词句猜测题。结合前两句“But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. With so many unknowns, it’s easy to let one’s imagination fill in the blanks.”可知，不了解一个人是恋爱关系中的一个大问题。有这么多的未知数，很容易让一个人的想象力去填补空白。再结合本句句意可知，当一对情侣见面时，这种用来弥补空白的想象力会不可避免地导致失望，因此推断this指代“一个人的想象力”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Clifford Stoll: “Life in the real world is far richer than anything you’ll find on a computer screen.”可知，作者认为在网络上寻找爱情之前，先记住Clifford Stoll的忠告：现实生活比任何电脑荧幕上找得到的东西都丰富得多。因此推断作者并不支持在网络上寻找爱情，故选A。 （21-22高一上·湖北黄冈·期中）Once China’s strict lockdown was lifted, we saw a sharp rise in divorce enquiries. And this behaviour was mirrored around the world. In the US, the UK and throughout Europe, divorce rates have risen violently during the pandemic. Latvia, Lithuania and Belgium lead the way for the highest divorce rates in Europe. And in the USA, between 40-50% of marriages will end in divorce. The country with the lowest divorce rate in the world is India, followed by Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Turkey. Why they have the lowest divorce rates, and what are they doing differently? In many cases, access to divorce is a driving force behind a country’s divorce rates. A country like Chile only legalized divorce in 2004, so the concept is still quite new and the local uptake is likely to be much slower. Another key factor in determining divorce rates of a country is the value placed on family life. In countries like Colombia, it’s far more common for multiple generations from the same family to live together. This emphasis on family values places marriage at the heart of everything, so entering into a marriage is a more considered event. Countries such as India with a strong religious following are more likely to have low divorce rates. This is because marriage is more sacred (神圣的) when viewed from a religious perspective. Couples will be more likely to seek settlements or simply stay together regardless when they hit bumps in the road. There are a number of factors at play here, so it’s difficult to place a finger on one single factor that ensures couples enjoy a long and happy life together. And low divorce rates don’t always mean that couples are happy, it can just mean that the importance of marriage outweighs individual happiness. Seeking a divorce doesn’t have to be viewed as a failure; it can help you to get your life back on track and help you work towards a brighter and happier future. 1．Which of the following countries has the highest divorce rates? A．Colombia B．India C．USA D．Mexico 2．Why does Chile has a low divorce rate? A．Because people there enjoy a happier and longer life. B．Because divorce hasn’t been legal until 2004 in Chile. C．Because people there consider marriage the centre of everything. D．Because people there think seeking a divorce is evil and blamable. 3．What will a strong religious couple probably do if they have trouble with their marriage? A．Divorce without hesitation B．separate in a peaceful way C．stay together regardless of conflicts D．beg for forgiveness of their god 4．What is the author’s attitude towards divorce? A．negative B．supportive C．critical D．objective 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【分析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了世界上有些国家离婚率高和有些国家则较低的现象，并解释了一些国家离婚率低的原因。 【详解】1.细节理解题。从第一段“Latvia, Lithuania and Belgium lead the way for the highest divorce rates in Europe. And in the USA, between 40-50% of marriages will end in divorce. The country with the lowest divorce rate in the world is India, followed by Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Turkey.”(拉脱维亚，立陶宛和比利时是欧洲离婚率最高的国家。在美国，40-50%的婚姻会以离婚告终。世界上离婚率最低的国家是印度，其次是智利，哥伦比亚，墨西哥和土耳其。)可知，在哥伦比亚，印度，美国和墨西哥这几个国家中，离婚率最高的是美国。故选C。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段“A country like Chile only legalized divorce in 2004, so the concept is still quite new and the local uptake is likely to be much slower.”(像智利这样的国家在2004年才将离婚合法化，所以这个概念还很新颖，当地人的接受速度可能会慢得多。)可知，智利直到2004年离婚才合法化，离婚对于智利人来说还是个新概念，所以智利人离婚离率很低。故选B。 3.细节理解题。从第三段“Countries such as India with a strong religious following are more likely to have low divorce rates. This is because marriage is more sacred (神圣的) when viewed from a religious perspective. Couples will be more likely to seek settlements or simply stay together regardless when they hit bumps in the road.”(像印度这样拥有强大宗教信仰的国家，离婚率更低。这是因为从宗教的角度来看，婚姻更神圣。情侣们将更有可能寻求和解，或者无论遇到什么困难，只是待在一起而不离婚。)可知，如果一对虔诚的夫妻在婚姻上遇到麻烦，双方更有可能会寻求解决办法或者无视困难仍然只是待在一起。故选C。 4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“And low divorce rates don’t always mean that couples are happy, it can just mean that the importance of marriage outweighs individual happiness. Seeking a divorce doesn’t have to be viewed as a failure; it can help you to get your life back on track and help you work towards a brighter and happier future.”(低离婚率并不总意味着婚姻就是幸福的，它可能只是表示比起个人幸福来，婚姻更为重要而已。离婚也不一定就视为失败，也许它能帮助你的人生回到正轨并且走向更光明快乐的未来。)可以推断出，作者对待离婚的态度是很客观的，选项D“objective”(客观的)符合，A. negative消极的；B. supportive支持的；C. critical批评的，均不符合，故选D。 （21-22高一上·四川绵阳·期中）Advertising plays a major role in the competitive business world. Many industries take advantage of the power of advertising to attract or to win customers away from their business competitors. The influence of advertising is so huge that it causes many people to buy things that they do not want at the start. Advertising encourages people to buy things they don’t want through misleading ideas. Advertising is proven to be a successful tool to stress the features of their product to the public even though it is regarded undesirable (不受欢迎的) such as cigarettes, drugs, alcohol and so on. For example, Dunhill, a cigarette company which sponsors (赞助) many football teams, seems to be promoting cigarettes to the public. Without the sponsorship, the company will be less known to the public, resulting in fewer sales of cigarettes. Besides that, advertising has a large influence on the decisions made by the people in their everyday life. Many businesses use advertising as a form of promotion to create awareness (意识，认知) about their product in the market. For instance, in a fast food industry, the introduction of a new flavor o f burger needs advertising to reach the public while the other burgers require advertising to increase sales. Children, especially, are easily influenced by the advertisement and will have the desire to dine at fast food restaurants after that. Although fast food is bad for health, it has successfully become attractive to the public through advertising However, advertising plays a part in helping customers to compare a product in terms of price, quality, reliability (可靠性) and so on. Without advertising, it will be very difficult for customers to judge the worthiness( 价值) of a product. For example, advertisements published by various companies have given the customers the opportunity to choose wisely when buying an item. Without the power of advertising, customers will choose a brand (品牌) which may not offer the best choice. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Advertising. B．The product. C．Feature. D．The public. 2．The author mentions the fast food restaurants to show that________. A．food industry is having a hard time B．the information passed on in advertisements is unreal C．children are easily influenced by the advertisement D．advertisements influence people to make decisions 3．The main idea of Paragraph 4 is that advertising________. A．plays a role in fast food industry B．helps industries attract customers C．encourages people to make the right choices D．makes people buy some unnecessary things 4．The author’s attitude towards advertising can best be described as________. A．objective B．supportive C．uncared D．doubtful 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了广告的影响。广告能促使消费者购买他们起初并不打算买的商品，但同时也给消费者提供了更多的机会，使他们做出明智的选择。 1．词句猜测题。根据it所在的句子“Advertising is proven to be a successful tool to stress the features of their product to the public even though it is regarded undesirable (不受欢迎的) such as cigarettes, drugs, alcohol and so on.（广告被证明是一种成功的工具，向公众强调产品的特点，即使它被认为是不受欢迎的，如香烟，毒品，酒精等。）”可知，it指代的是上文中提到的product。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Besides that, advertising has a large influence on the decisions made by the people in their everyday life.（此外，广告对人们在日常生活中所做的决定有很大的影响。）”可知，该句为本段中心句，接下来所举的快餐店的例子就是为了证明这一点的。由此可推知，作者提到快餐店是为了表明广告影响人们做出决定。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“However, advertising plays a part in helping customers to compare a product in terms of price, quality, reliability (可靠性) and so on.（然而，广告在帮助顾客比较产品的价格、质量、可靠性等方面起着一定的作用。）”可知，第四段主要讲述了广告鼓励人们做出正确的选择。故选C。 4．推理判断题。文章第一段“The influence of advertising is so huge that it causes many people to buy things that they do not want at the start.（广告的影响是如此之大，以至于它导致许多人购买他们一开始不想要的东西。）”和第二段“Advertising encourages people to buy things they don’t want through misleading ideas.（广告通过误导的思想鼓励人们买他们不想要的东西。）”阐述了广告的弊端——促使人们购买他们不想要的商品。但是最后一段“However, advertising plays a part in helping customers to compare a product in terms of price, quality, reliability (可靠性) and so on.（然而，广告在帮助顾客比较产品的价格、质量、可靠性等方面起着一定的作用。）”又阐述了广告有利的一面——让人们做出正确的选择。由此看出作者的态度是客观的。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$