专题06 阅读理解之说明文15篇（名校期中真题）-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（北师大版2019）

期中复习阅读理解之说明文15篇 (名校期中真题) （23-24高一上·天津·期中）When you are a kid, gaining a best friend forever can happen in a single play date. But when you grow up to be an adult, making and maintaining friendships gets harder. So how much quality time (优质时光) do you need before that stranger becomes your friend? A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends. The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen. He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person. “Results suggest that the chance of changing from casual friend to real friend is greater than 50% after around 80-100 hours together,” said Hall. The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness. “It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people as they are routinely in the same place at the same time as you,” Hall said. “However, my study shows you can have workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.” You do not need to become best friends with your workmates to develop meaningful relationships with them. But for those of us hoping to change from “girl who I eat lunch at work with” to “friend I can depend on,” Hall suggests that you need to take the relationship out of the workplace for it to become a friendship. The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them. 1．What is the new study mainly about? A．Ways of making friends in a new environment. B．Why people need to make different friends. C．Different levels of friendship. D．How long it takes to develop a friendship. 2．What do we know about the participants in the study? A．They knew each other before. B．They had difficulty in making new friends. C．They were in great need of friends. D．They started their new life in the same city. 3．What does Hall want to tell us in paragraph 3? A．It is easy to get along well with classmates. B．Friendship closeness is related to communication. C．It is unnecessary to become best friends with workmates. D．Just spending enough time together doesn’t result in friendship. 4．What does the underlined word “routinely” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Usually. B．Impressive. C．Seldom. D．Confidently. 5．Which can help people build deeper relationships with workmates according to Hall? A．Joining the same work team. B．Having lunch at work with them. C．Inviting them to your home after work. D．Sharing work experience with each other. （23-24高一上·山西太原·期中）If a scientist’s first language is not English, would it be truly difficult to publish an article in an international journal? Recent study looked at tons of scientific journals in the field of biology and found that they don’t do much to help scientists who are not native English speakers. The study found most of these journals judge articles based on how well they are written in English. This can be a problem for scientists who are not fluent in English because they have to work harder to make sure their papers can be published in international journals. “The role of journals is huge because they can be a source of language barriers (障碍), but they also have the ability to solve many of the barriers,” says Tatsuya Amano, a biodiversity researcher. He added that though some journals have started to offer tools to help scientists whose first language is not English, such examples are still rare.” Another study by Amano found that non-native English speakers are more likely to have their papers rejected because of writing issues compared to native English speakers. This shows that the language unfairness in journals can have serious consequences for scientists who are not native English speakers. So apart from waiting for the journals, what can non-native scientists do? One solution is to work with other scientists from English-speaking countries. They can help to check the writing skillfully to double the possibility of being published by the international journal. 1．What do most international journals judge articles based on? A．The nationality of the author. B．The influence of the scientists. C．The fluency of English writing. D．The quality of the research result. 2．What does the underlined word “rejected” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Published. B．Praised. C．Refused. D．Recognized. 3．Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph? A．Work with native English scientists. B．Ask publishers for help to check errors. C．Improve English before writing a paper. D．Practice reading and writing in daily life. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Success in the Field of Biology Study B．Scientists Unfairly Treated by Language Issues C．The Advantages of Publishing Papers in English D．Scientists’ Growing Interest in Learning a Language （23-24高一上·江西·期中）While many Americans joke about their poor math, labor experts say the nation’s decreasing math skill threatens U. S. economic competitiveness and national security (安全). Jim Stigler, a professor studying the process of teaching. and learning, said, “The advances in technology that drive where the world goes will come from other countries, because they have the intellectual capital (资本) while we don’t.” Concerning the math crisis facing schools, the U. S. military has called for a major program to support education in science, technology, education, and math (STEM). Government labor experts say the number of jobs in areas requiring math skill will increase by more than 30,000each year through the end of 2030, much faster than most other kinds of jobs. Mathematics is becoming a part of almost every career, but most American students aren’t prepared. In the recent PISA tests in math, U. S. students tested lower than students from 36 other education systems worldwide. Only one in five American high school students planning to attend college are prepared for college -level study in STEM, say experts. However, students from other countries are preparing to lead in these areas. An official report says only one in five graduate students in math-heavy fields at U. S. universities are American. The rest come from other countries. Most will leave the U. S. when they finish their programs. “We’re just not starting students on career paths related to math and computer science to stay competitive,” said Josh Wyner, a vice president of the Aspen Institute, a think tank. It urged decision-makers to make education an important national security goal. “We are no longer keeping pace with other countries,” the Aspen report says, calling this a dangerous failure. In Massachusetts, employers are expecting a shortage (短缺) over the next five years of 11,000 workers in the life sciences alone. “It’s not an educational question alone,” said Edward, director of an education program, warning that this may damage national security. 1．What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A．Americans don’t care about their poor math. B．Poor math skills will bring America disadvantages. C．Intellectual capital is a must for future development. D．Labor experts can shoulder the duty of national safety. 2．What do government labor experts suppose? A．The army will open STEM programs soon. B．Students are prepared for math-heavy jobs. C．There will be a sharp rise in math-related jobs. D．America will be behind in STEM education. 3．What’s the “dangerous failure” in the Aspen report? A．American students fall behind in math learning. B．American students fail to get math-related jobs. C．America has lost its attraction to foreign students. D．America fails to lead other countries in education. 4．How does Edward view the shortage of science workers? A．It can be solved in the next five years. B．It’s an evidence of overall math failure. C．It will cost the U. S. its lead in world affair. D．It’ll do harm to America’s national security. （23-24高一上·辽宁·期中）Believed to have existed for more than 60 million years, crested ibises (朱鹮) are one of the oldest species of bird on Earth. Due to pollution and other human activities, the birds began to disappear in the 1960s. In 1981, seven crested ibises were found in Yangxian county in Hanzhong, Shaanxi province. They were believed to be the last remaining ones worldwide. But now, they have come back from the edge of extinction. May 23 marked the 40th anniversary of the rediscovery of the crested ibis. Researchers said that the number has risen to more than 7,000 worldwide. There are 5,000 crested ibises in Shaanxi alone. “The secret for the rare and inspirational case of successfully saving crested ibises from a small population is the country’s onsite protection approach adopted at the very beginning,” Zhang Yueming, an expert who works at the crested ibis nature reserve bureau (局) in Yangxian, told China Daily. On the fourth day after the discovery of the seven crested ibises, the local government issued a series of emergency notices to protect crested ibises. For example, hunting, cutting down trees, setting off explosives in the mountains, or using fertilizers (肥料) in the birds’ foraging (觅食) areas were not allowed. Later, it also established the Qinling No.1 protection station and sent four people to guard the seven birds. These guardians worked day and night. In the daytime, they observed and recorded the birds’ habits and characteristics; at night, the main job was to keep them safe. The government also restored more than 233 hectares (公顷) of natural wetlands, 100 hectares of winter paddy fields (稻田), more than 2,664 hectares of hills for afforestation (植树造林), dredged (疏浚) 30 km of channels and planted 30,000 trees. New methods were used to protect crested ibises, mainly including artificial breeding (人工饲养) and reintroduction. In 1990, the Shaanxi Crested Ibis Rescue and Breeding Center was established. At the center, crested ibises are artificially bred and can receive timely treatment when they are sick. Over the next 30 years, they also explored and created a complete system of artificial breeding techniques, laying a foundation for the birds’ later reintroduction into the wild. “China’s protection of crested ibises is a paragon (典范) in the world’s history of preserving endangered wildlife,” Zhang told China Daily. 1．When did Yangxian local government start to protect crested ibises? A．In the 1960s. B．In 1981. C．In 1990. D．In 2020. 2．Which of the following is NOT what the government did? A．It turned natural wetlands into fields and forests. B．It sent some people to keep an eye on the birds. C．It forbade using fertilizers in the bird’s habitats. D．It stopped locals cutting trees and hunting. 3．What plays a key role in crested ibises returning to the wild? A．The discovery of the seven birds. B．The scientific artificial breeding system. C．The timely treatment to the sick birds. D．The notices from the local government. 4．What is the suitable title of the text? A．Promising future of crested ibises. B．Rediscovery of endangered wildlife. C．Conservation of rare birds. D．Comeback of crested ibises. （23-24高一上·四川凉山·期中）From the title “The Joys of College”, you probably think you’re about to read a piece of satire (讽刺作品) about how “awesome” college is. After all, college can be very demanding -a mountain load of assignments all due at the same time, 10-plus page papers, and difficult exams. I get it. But actually, the title isn’t satirical at all. Sure, college is really stressful and there are some aspects I don’t like. But for once, I’d like to focus on the positives of being a college student. The first thing I truly enjoy about being a college student is that I get to take classes that actually interest me. It isn’t like high school where you’re forced to take the same core classes as everyone else because of the district curriculum. In college, learning doesn’t feel like a task to me anymore because I actually get to design my schedule to my interests. Besides, there are so many different fields to study. We have many fields of departments (学院) that aren’t offered at other universities, such as Japanese. There are also many interesting classes that can be taken just for fun -classes about anime, the horror genre, and even witchery. There are so many opportunities to learn about topics unrelated to your major. The community at the University is also very important to me. We are all suffering here but we are all suffering together. The college experience is so much more bearable due to this community. I know I can express myself to any fellow college student about the stress my assignments are causing and they will always understand. The fun activities and clubs are also a plus. The campus carnivals, holiday markets, and concerts give us something to look forward to as we struggle our way through our classes. And the club activities - like the Campus Times - make college life all the more exciting. However, my most favorite part of being a college student is that I personally like the idea of being able to enjoy life without worrying about too many expenses. My loan payments are a problem for the future me. And not having to go through the stress of job interviews just yet is also very relieving. So although there are a lot of negatives of college, there are also a lot of positives. I know that when I graduate, I’m going to miss being a college student. 1．What is the first thing that the author really enjoyed about being a college student? A．There is less homework. B．The exams are less difficult. C．She is free to choose what to learn. D．There is no core classes to take. 2．What is special about the author’s college? A．She can design schedule all by herself. B．All the classes can be taken just for fun. C．It provides carnivals, holiday markets, and concerts D．It has many courses that aren’t offered at other universities. 3．What makes the college life more exciting? A．The community. B．Many fields of departments. C．The club activities. D．Unique opportunities. 4．What does the underlined word “relieving” in paragraph 6 refer to? A．Strange. B．Special. C．Worrying. D．Relaxing. （23-24高一上·福建泉州·期中）Tall, long-necked giraffes are famous for their spots which are believed to help the animals hide from their enemies. Just like no two humans have the same fingerprints, each giraffe has its own special pattern of spots. However, a Tennessee zoo made headlines recently after it welcomed one of the world’s most uncommon giraffes. On July 31, a baby giraffe was born at Brights Zoo with light brown fur which is a reticulated (网状的) giraffe, one of the four different kinds of giraffes. Unlike most giraffes, she was born without spots, a unique feature of the reticulated giraffe. At six feet tall, this baby giraffe is growing well under her mother’s care. She shows typical baby giraffe behavior, such as eating rocks. Experts said the young giraffe was the only single-colored reticulated giraffe living anywhere on the planet. The last time this happened was 1972 in Japan. A giraffe’s pattern of spots is created when the animal is still growing inside its mother. That means that this giraffe will never have spots. “The new giraffe might not have survived if she had been born in the wild. Being single-colored, she may not be able to hide quite as well,” said Mr. David Bright, who runs the zoo, “It will easily be a key target for poachers (偷猎者) because she’s so unusual.” Brights Zoo stressed that reticulated giraffes had already become imperiled. In 2018, they were officially listed as “threatened”. Thirty-five years ago, there were 36,000 reticulated giraffes. Now, the number has been cut by more than 50%. Only about 16,000 reticulated giraffes remain. This brown giraffe’s birth is not only a rare and fascinating event, but also an opportunity to raise awareness about the challenges faced by giraffes in the wild. By supporting efforts like this, we can contribute to the conservation of these large creatures and ensure their survival for generations to come. 1．What do we know about the spots of giraffes? A．They help protect giraffes. B．They are the same pattern. C．They look like giraffes’ footprints. D．They appear on giraffes occasionally. 2．What makes the young giraffe born at Brights Zoo special? A．Its extremely large size. B．Its light brown fur. C．Its unusual eating habit. D．Its absence of spots. 3．What does the underlined word “imperiled” mean in paragraph 5? A．Recognized. B．Endangered. C．Doubled. D．Balanced. 4．Which word can best describe the birth of the young giraffe? A．Awkward. B．Worrying. C．Meaningful. D．Foreseeable. （23-24高一上·辽宁·期中）The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent (程度), the physical form and the habits of the earth’s vegetation and its animal life have been shaped by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight (轻微的). Only in the present century has one species—man got significant power to change the nature of his world. During the past quarter century this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man’s assaults (侵犯) upon the environment is the contamination (污染) of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even deadly materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are the wicked partners of radiation (辐射) in changing the very nature of the world, the very nature of its life. It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the life that now lives on the earth. Given time not in years but in millennia (千年), life adjusted and a balance has been reached. But in the modern world there is no time. I don’t mean that chemical insecticides (杀虫剂) must never be used. However, we have to admit that we have put poisonous and biologically harmful chemicals indiscriminately (恣意地) into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their possible harm. We have forced enormous numbers of people to contact these poisons, without their permission and often without their knowledge. We admit, furthermore, that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife, and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity (完好无损) of the natural world that supports all life. 1．What does the underlined word “modified” in the first paragraph mean? A．destroy B．change C．explore D．maintain 2．Which of the following does the least harm to the environment? A．chemicals B．radiation C．insecticides D．vegetation 3．According to the text, what can we learn about the environment? A．Chemicals must not be used for the sake of the environment. B．The environment is greatly affected by vegetation and animals. C．The future generations are likely to lack concern for the environment. D．The pollution of the environment is largely due to irresponsible humans. 4．What will the following paragraph probably talk about? A．What humans should do with chemicals for future generations. B．How the environment affects the living things on the earth. C．What kind of chemicals are less harmful to the environment. D．How we humans make the best of chemicals to save the earth. （23-24高一上·重庆·期中）Dogs greet other dogs nose-first, sniffing (嗅) each other from head to toe. People are not quite so open about the process of sniffing each other out. But the perfume industry suggests smell is important in human relations, too. There is also evidence that human beings can lead to close relationship, deduce (推断) emotional states and even detect disease via the sense of smell. Now, Inbal Ravreby of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel has gone a step further. He think he has been able to prove, admittedly in a fairly small sample of individuals, that friends actually smell alike. He has also shown that with people picking friends at least partly on the basis of body odour (气味), rather than the body odours of people who become friends afterwards forming. But why? To cast light on whether friendship causes a similarity in smell, or a similarity in smell causes friendship, Dr Ravreby investigated whether e-nose (electronic nose) measurements could predict positive interactions between strangers (new friendships often start from being strangers). To achieve this goal they gathered 17 volunteers, gave them T-shirts to wear to collect their body odours, ran these odours past the e-nose and then asked the participants to play a game. That game involved silently mirroring another individual’s hand movements. Participants were paired up at random (随机) and their reactions were recorded. After each interaction, they show how close they felt to their fellow gamer by overlapping (部分重叠) two circles (one representing themselves, the other their partner) on a screen. The more similar the two smells were which are brought about by e-nose, the greater the overlap. But why body odour might play a role in helping to form friendships remains unclear. Dr Rav re by theorizes that there may be “an evolutionary advantage in having friends that are genetically similar to us”. Body odour is known to be linked to genetic makeup. Smelling others may thus allow hidden connections about genetic similarity to be drawn. 1．What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 1? A．People will sniff their friends in private. B．People will close their eyes when sniffing. C．Sniffing their friends is not allowed when they meet. D．Sniffing their friends is uncommon when they meet. 2．According to Dr Ravreby, which comes first, friendship or similarity of smell? A．Friendship. B．Similarity of smell. C．It remains unclear. D．It depends. 3．What can we learn from the experiment? A．It involves participants who are friends already. B．The e-nose can help predict a possible friendship. C．The overlap part shows the two smell alike. D．It aims to find out how close two people can be. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Genetic similarity — the start of our friendship. B．Dog’s sniff — the origin of our friendship. C．Body odour — the connection of our friendship. D．E-nose — the measurement of our friendship. （23-24高一上·浙江·期中）The other day my new friend waved at me and went over to me. He said: “Have we met before?” It happened a lot－he finds it hard to remember new people’s faces. “Anyone I’ve spoken to once or twice I do forget quite soon,” he says. “If I meet someone new, I’ll make a point of following them on Facebook so their faces become impressive in my memory somehow.” Face blindness, or prosopagnosia, is a confusing condition that can make us believe we recognize people we’ve never met or fail to recognize those we have. For some people with face blindness, it may be the poor ability to see. “Because they’re seeing faces a little bit differently to everybody else, it doesn’t allow them to pick up on the visual message that most of us use to recognize different people.” says John Towler, lecturer in psychology at Swansea University. They can have problems with the whole face at first sight, and will focus on a particular detail to remember people by－the eyebrows, the mouth for example. For other people with the condition, it may be more of a memory problem. “Clearly, if the ability to see is poor, then memory is going to be poor and the two things often affect each other,” says Towler. “But for some people, it’s mainly one or the other.” The result is that both types of people are unable to recognize familiar faces. Neither type would know which face was being shown to them－the first type because they can’t see it perfectly enough, and the second type because they can’t remember it. It’s less clear what causes face blindness in people. Studies have suggested that there are unusual structural and functional signs in the brain’s wiring, according to Towler, but there is no agreement on the exact cause. For this reason, the line between having developmental(发育性)prosopagnosia and being simply “bad” with faces can be unclear. One of the things about any kind of ability is that humans are not all the same. 1．Why does the writer mention his new friend? A．To introduce the topic. B．To share a story. C．To give an opinion. D．To make a comparison. 2．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined part in paragraph 2? A．lift. B．forget. C．notice. D．watch. 3．According to John Towler, people with prosopagnosia ________. A．can’t remember anything B．have something unusual in their brains C．can recognize people by the mouth only D．are both poor at memory and the ability to see 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Humans share no similarities in ability. B．The cause of face blindness is unknown at all. C．Scientists are still working to find the unusual signs. D．It’s hard to tell prosopagnosia from being “bad” with faces. （23-24高一上·浙江·期中）During the COVID-19 pandemic, Elizabeth Hulanick turned to toys from her childhood to deal with worries and stress. She started bringing Lego toys to work to build things out of the colorful blocks with her co-workers. She also started playing with Silly Putty, a toy made of special rubbery material that could change colors. Playing with a Silly Putty, she said, brought her comfort. “I always need something to be tinkering with, and that’s probably the best way for me to stick with a toy instead of trying to figure out how to fix cars or something like that,” said Hulanick, who is 37 years old and lives in New Jersey. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, many adults turned to toys to remember feelings from their childhood. The stress from the worldwide health crisis only grew that trend (趋势). Many toymakers see adults’ interest in toys as a long-lasting thing, even after the pandemic fully ends. This so-called “kid-adult” market is a big part of the toy industry. The market is the second fastest growing group after customers aged 12 to 17. Even the fast-food restaurant McDonald’s is marketing to toy-loving adults. In October, it publicized its adult Happy Meals, attracting a great number of toy lovers. McDonald’s sales officials said the company sold half its supply of valuable toys in the first four days of the special deal. The Lego Group has been increasing its products for adults since 2020. It now has 100 toys designed for older customers. Among the most popular toys for adults are Star Wars and Harry Potter-linked Lego sets. Genevieve Cruz, senior director at Lego said, “The pandemic certainly served as a cause for this trend as adults found themselves sitting at home with nothing else to do with a lot of time on their hands.” Cruz added, “We do believe that the trend goes beyond the pandemic.” 1．Why did Elizabeth Hulanic play with Silly Putty? A．It could change colors. B．It made her feel relaxed. C．It brought her good ideas. D．It helped her remember her childhood. 2．The underlined phrase in paragraph 2 can be replaced by ________. A．fix B．make C．play D．protect 3．What do we know about Happy Meals? A．It showed McDonald’s new toys. B．It increased McDonald’s toy sales. C．It was a big part of the toy industry. D．It made adults fall in love with toys. 4．What can we learn from Genevieve Cruz? A．Lego sets are adults’ favorite toys. B．Adults spent a lot of time with toys at home. C．COVID-19 helped the growth of the toy market. D．The toy market will stop growing after the pandemic. （23-24高一上·江苏宿迁·期中）A surprising discovery was reported by a team of South Korean researchers in late July. They said that they had created LK-99, a superconductor (超导体) that works at room temperatures and normal pressure levels. When electricity travels through wires (电线), it loses some energy and heats up along the way because of resistance (电阻). Superconductors can let electricity flow through without any resistance. However, according to Science Daily, they usually only work at very low temperatures, around -200℃. It makes them difficult to produce and use. After the team’s report, LK-99 became the center of discussion. Scientists around the world began to copy the steps. However, as of mid-August, researchers had published several new reports showing that LK-99 is not a superconductor at room temperature. It was rather a magnetic material that has some characteristics of superconductors, said The New York Times. Early in March, US scientists also said they had created such material, but the research is still waiting to be proved. Why have superconductors been a key focus of world science? It could make the energy systems more efficient. Currently, around 8 to 15 percent of electricity is lost between the generator (发电站) and the user, according to China’s CHINT Group, a leading new energy company with a global presence. Superconductors ensure that the loss will be no more. Each wire can carry much more electricity. ”The electricity prices for everyone may be reduced to one-tenth of the current prices, Xu Qingjin at the Chinese Academy of Sciences told China Daily. With superconductors, smartphones can be charged in a very short time, maybe just seconds. Electronic cars can travel longer distances, and drivers don’t need to worry about running out of electricity in the middle of their trip. Since superconductors don’t heat up, the power grid (电网) will be safer. We can have thinner phones and laptops because fans won’t be needed to cool them. “The development of all future technology needs the support of energy,” wrote Zhou Hongyi, founder of 360 Security Group. “The problem of energy should be considered first, rather than just creating better technology.” 1．What normally makes superconductors hard to use? A．Their working temperature. B．Their limited availability. C．Their zero resistance. D．Their high cost. 2．What did researchers discover about LK-99 by mid-August? A．It is a confirmed superconductor. B．It turned out to be a magnetic material. C．It has no potential for superconductivity. D．Its superconductivity is still not certain. 3．What do paragraphs 5 and 6 mainly talk about? A．Current electricity shortages. B．Progress in energy technology. C．Benefits of using superconductors. D．Difficulties in developing superconductors. 4．What does Zhou think of the development of technology? A．People should spare no effort to achieve it. B．It requires support from various aspects. C．It will help solve energy issues eventually. D．It should come after solving energy problems. （23-24高一上·江苏宿迁·期中）Most people tend to take a high-pitched (声调高的), sing-song tone when speaking to animals and human babies. Although the research before has suggested that such “baby talk” is more likely to catch dogs’ attention, less was known about how cats react to being spoken to in this way. To find out the truth, Charlotte de Mouzon and her team members watched how 16 cats responded to hearing pre-recorded sentences spoken by their owner or a stranger, by recording changes in their behaviour, such as moving their ears or tails, or suddenly stopping what they were doing — any of which could show that a sound had caught their attention. They found that the cats often made no response to hearing a stranger’s voice calling their name, but when their owner did it, 10 of the 16 cats showed a series of behaviors suggesting increased attention. Cats also showed more signs of interest when they heard their owner speaking sentences in a tone usually used to talk to their cats - but not when a stranger used this tone, or when their owner spoke the same sentence as if talking to a fellow adult human. “For a long time it has been thought that cats are very independent animals, only interested in humans for food and shelter (庇护),” de Mouzon said. “But our research supports the idea that they are attached. It brings further evidence to encourage humans to consider cats as sensitive and communicative individuals,” she added. “The fact that, in return, cats show a greater reaction when their humans specifically address them brings a new dimension to previous considerations of this interactive relationship.” Considering these findings, de Mouzon said cat owners shouldn’t feel shy about the way they speak to their pets. “I also talk to my two cats as if they were children and they do respond,” she said. “People may be shy about admitting this, but I think it can help to strengthen the bond between cats and their owners. They know that we are giving them attention.” 1．How did de Mouzon’s team carry out their study? A．By recording the sounds that caught cats’ attention. B．By listing the causes of cats’changes in behaviors . C．By watching the reaction of cats to different recordings. D．By studying the interaction between cats and their owners. 2．What can be learned about most cats in the study? A．They liked hearing people calling their name. B．They were able to tell their owner’s voice from a stranger’s. C．They had a greater reaction when their owner talked to other cats. D．They showed more interest when a stranger imitated their owner’s tone. 3．What do de Mouzon’s words in paragraph 4 indicate? A．Cats aren’t as independent as believed. B．Cats aren’t eager to please their owners. C．Cats see their owners as a food provider. D．Cats are sensitive and like interacting with people. 4．What did de Mouzon encourage cat owners to do? A．Give more attention to their cats. B．Treat their cats like their children. C．Admit that they are a cat person. D．Talk to their cats using baby talk. （23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期中）Black taxis have been a common sight in London for many years. Now these taxis and their drivers have become the focus of a new study into Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症). For those on the outside, it may seem that behind the wheel of these black taxis are just common people who help move us to our places. But hidden within their brains is a map of London’s streets that has put GPS technology to shame for many years. “The knowledge”, the test for London’s taxi drivers, stands among the hardest tests one could ever experience. It includes remembering information repeatedly from the memory of minute details about between 25,000 and 56,000 streets in London, depending on who’s taking the test, from the Trafalgar Square to the tiniest residential lanes (居民巷). Usually, the hippocampus (海马体) feels the influences of Alzheimer’s most. The hippocampus controls the brain’s short-term memory and spatial memory (空间记忆) systems. University College London and Alzheimer’s Research UK are coming together to study these taxi drivers’ brains. And the taxi drivers’ hippocampi continue to grow as they go on doing the job for more years. This suggests that perhaps there’s something we can do to reproduce the influence on the general population. Lead researcher Hugo Spiers was part of the team which 20 years ago found that, like birds’, the taxi drivers’ hippocampi slowly got bigger. In fact, research has found for years that any animal that requires detailed spatial knowledge of their land experiences growth in the hippocampus. Spiers’ team hopes to deal with Alzheimer’s by studying the taxi drivers’ brains, since the hippocampus becomes smaller with the development of Alzheimer’s. To collect more information, Spiers has asked thirty London’s taxi drivers connected to an MRI machine to drive around. The machine will allow the researchers to keep a real-time watch on the workings of the hippocampus. “It’s been a joy to help scientists fight the disease,” said taxi driver Robert Lordan. 1．What can we learn about “The knowledge”? A．It lasts for a few minutes only. B．It invites some residents to be testers. C．It is a great challenge to people’s memory. D．It is usually held in London’s busy streets. 2．What has been found about the taxi drivers’ hippocampi? A．They are improved thanks to daily talks. B．They grow together with taxi drivers’ job. C．They fail to control short-term memory. D．They are more likely to be influenced. 3．What does the research on animals show? A．Animals’ hippocampi are quite different from humans’. B．The new study can do good to animals as well. C．More detailed studies on animals’ brains are needed. D．Animals’ hippocampi are similar to humans’. 4．Why do researchers watch taxi drivers with an MRI machine? A．To decide who has the largest hippocampus. B．To find out what their hippocampi are doing at work. C．To know how Alzheimer’s develops in their brains. D．To test whether the machine influences the hippocampus. （23-24高一上·江苏淮安·期中）Melanie Guttmann, co-founder of LG, a German climate (气候) group, once spent six days in prison after being arrested during a public gathering against “new normal”. She tells me that she just wanted to have a peaceful life, spend some time with the people she loved and start a family. But finally, she says, she’d be willing to be in prison even longer if it might make a difference. “I started to realize that no matter whether I’m in prison or not, I will never have those things.” I have been turning over her words for what happened later. Vermont experienced storms last week, causing floods and resulting in deaths. An extreme heat brought the number of people in one Phoenix emergency room to levels never seen since the COVID-19 pandemic. The ocean water around the Florida Keys reached a temperature of over 90°F, seriously endangering coral reefs. Many well-meant statesmen mention what’s happening as “new normal”. It’s meant, of course, to point out the long-term effects of putting large amounts of greenhouse gases into air. But the phrase of “new normal”, to me, also has the suggestion that now, at least, is “normal,” as if we’ve been riding a lift of global (全球的) temperature rise, and just arrived at the top floor. “It surely is hot up here at the new normal, but good thing is that it won’t get any worse.” Unfortunately, though, it will. The changes we are experiencing are only quickening. Each new season is a baseline from which things will get stranger still. There’ll be yet more heat domes, storms, and flooding, coming at a faster and faster speed. By 2050, the world could be dealing with 1.2 billion climate refugees (难民) escaping for their lives. One thing from Guttmann’s words is clear: However bad things are now, they’re set to get a whole lot worse. We need to have the awareness that there is no “new normal” where we can stop to catch our breath. And, if we don’t do something, things will get worse. 1．Why is Guttmann’s story mentioned? A．To explore what is behind the story. B．To describe what life holds in the future. C．To explain the cause of her being in prison. D．To experience her feeling of disappointment. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A．The climate disasters. B．The storm. C．The extreme heat. D．The high water temperature. 3．Which view concerning “new normal” will cause an argument? A．The statesmen propose “new normal” with a good purpose. B．“New normal” alarms the long-term impact of climate change C．Things about global temperature at “new normal” won’t be worse. D．What Guttmann wants will probably come to nothing at such a “new normal”. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward Guttmann’s concern? A．Unclear. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Negative. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 期中复习阅读理解之说明文15篇 (名校期中真题) （23-24高一上·天津·期中）When you are a kid, gaining a best friend forever can happen in a single play date. But when you grow up to be an adult, making and maintaining friendships gets harder. So how much quality time (优质时光) do you need before that stranger becomes your friend? A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends. The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen. He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person. “Results suggest that the chance of changing from casual friend to real friend is greater than 50% after around 80-100 hours together,” said Hall. The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness. “It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people as they are routinely in the same place at the same time as you,” Hall said. “However, my study shows you can have workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.” You do not need to become best friends with your workmates to develop meaningful relationships with them. But for those of us hoping to change from “girl who I eat lunch at work with” to “friend I can depend on,” Hall suggests that you need to take the relationship out of the workplace for it to become a friendship. The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them. 1．What is the new study mainly about? A．Ways of making friends in a new environment. B．Why people need to make different friends. C．Different levels of friendship. D．How long it takes to develop a friendship. 2．What do we know about the participants in the study? A．They knew each other before. B．They had difficulty in making new friends. C．They were in great need of friends. D．They started their new life in the same city. 3．What does Hall want to tell us in paragraph 3? A．It is easy to get along well with classmates. B．Friendship closeness is related to communication. C．It is unnecessary to become best friends with workmates. D．Just spending enough time together doesn’t result in friendship. 4．What does the underlined word “routinely” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Usually. B．Impressive. C．Seldom. D．Confidently. 5．Which can help people build deeper relationships with workmates according to Hall? A．Joining the same work team. B．Having lunch at work with them. C．Inviting them to your home after work. D．Sharing work experience with each other. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是科学告诉我们一个成年人需要多长时间才能交到一个新朋友，并且建议要想发展成为朋友需要将这种关系带出工作场所。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends.(最近的一项新研究发现，平均来说，和一个人在一起大约50个小时后，你就会把他们当作普通朋友，大约90个小时后，你就会成为真正的朋友，大约200个小时后，你就会成为亲密的朋友。)”可知，研究发现与一个人在一起大约50小时会成为普通朋友，相处大约90个小时会成为真正的朋友，而相处大约200个小时后，就会成为亲密朋友，结合第二段中的“He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person.(他要求他们评估和跟踪与一个陌生人在一起的亲密程度和时间。)”可知，在这项新研究中要求参与者评估和跟踪与一个陌生人在一起的亲密程度和花费的时间，由此可知，该新研究主要是研究发展一段友谊需要多长时间。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen.(该研究的作者、传播学教授杰弗里·霍尔(Jeffrey Hall)邀请渴望交朋友的成年人参加了两个实验——一个是过去六个月刚搬到一个新城市的人，另一个是大学新生。)”可知，研究者邀请渴望交朋友的成年人参加了两个实验，由此可知，这项研究的参与者都是希望交朋友的人。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness.(研究发现，在一起聊天的时间，或者你在学校或工作中与他们在一起的时间，与友谊的亲密程度无关。)”可知，研究发现，在一起聊天的时间或者是在学校或工作中，他们在一起的时间与友谊的亲密程度无关，结合下文中的“However, my study shows you can have workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.(然而，我的研究表明，你可以和同事一起度过成百上千个小时，但仍然没有发展出友谊。)”可知，与同事在一起度过成百上千小时仍然不会发展成为友谊，由此可知，仅仅在一起度过足够的时间不会导致友谊的产生。故选D项。 4．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness.(研究发现，在一起聊天的时间，或者你在学校或工作中与他们在一起的时间，与友谊的亲密程度无关。)”可知，在一起聊天的时间或者在学校或者工作中在一起的时间与友谊的亲密程度无关，结合划线单词前的“It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people(花很多时间和别人在一起真的很容易，)”可知，花很多时间与别人在一起很容易，划线单词所在的句子与此处为因果关系，由此可以推断，根据常识，作为学生或者同事，在一起很容易的原因是人们经常同时出现在同一个场所，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“经常”意义相近。故选A项。 5．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them.(在工作之外与他人一起参加活动的参与者，比如被邀请在他们家里吃午饭，更有可能与他们建立更深的关系。)”可知，在工作之外与他人一起参加活动的参与者更有可能与他们建立更深的关系，由此可知，下班之后，邀请他们到你的家里有助于和他们建立更深的关系。故选C项。 （23-24高一上·山西太原·期中）If a scientist’s first language is not English, would it be truly difficult to publish an article in an international journal? Recent study looked at tons of scientific journals in the field of biology and found that they don’t do much to help scientists who are not native English speakers. The study found most of these journals judge articles based on how well they are written in English. This can be a problem for scientists who are not fluent in English because they have to work harder to make sure their papers can be published in international journals. “The role of journals is huge because they can be a source of language barriers (障碍), but they also have the ability to solve many of the barriers,” says Tatsuya Amano, a biodiversity researcher. He added that though some journals have started to offer tools to help scientists whose first language is not English, such examples are still rare.” Another study by Amano found that non-native English speakers are more likely to have their papers rejected because of writing issues compared to native English speakers. This shows that the language unfairness in journals can have serious consequences for scientists who are not native English speakers. So apart from waiting for the journals, what can non-native scientists do? One solution is to work with other scientists from English-speaking countries. They can help to check the writing skillfully to double the possibility of being published by the international journal. 1．What do most international journals judge articles based on? A．The nationality of the author. B．The influence of the scientists. C．The fluency of English writing. D．The quality of the research result. 2．What does the underlined word “rejected” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Published. B．Praised. C．Refused. D．Recognized. 3．Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph? A．Work with native English scientists. B．Ask publishers for help to check errors. C．Improve English before writing a paper. D．Practice reading and writing in daily life. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Success in the Field of Biology Study B．Scientists Unfairly Treated by Language Issues C．The Advantages of Publishing Papers in English D．Scientists’ Growing Interest in Learning a Language 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了大多数国际期刊存在因为语言问题导致的不公平现象，指出与以英语为母语的人相比，非英语母语的人更有可能因为写作问题而被拒绝。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The study found most of these journals judge articles based on how well they are written in English. This can be a problem for scientists who are not fluent in English because they have to work harder to make sure their papers can be published in international journals.(研究发现，这些期刊大多根据文章的英文写作水平来评判文章。对于英语不流利的科学家来说，这可能是一个问题，因为他们必须更加努力地工作，以确保他们的论文能够在国际期刊上发表)”可知，大多数国际期刊评判文章的依据是英语写作的流畅性。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“because of writing issues compared to native English speakers”以及“This shows that the language unfairness in journals can have serious consequences for scientists who are not native English speakers.(这表明，期刊上的语言不公平会对母语不是英语的科学家造成严重后果)”可知，期刊上的语言不公平会对母语不是英语的科学家造成严重后果，说明与以英语为母语的人相比，非英语母语的人更有可能因为写作问题而被拒绝。故划线词意思是“拒绝”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“One solution is to work with other scientists from English-speaking countries. They can help to check the writing skillfully to double the possibility of being published by the international journal.(一个解决方案是与其他英语国家的科学家合作。他们可以帮助你熟练地检查文章，从而使被国际期刊发表的可能性增加一倍)”可推知，最后一段建议与以英语为母语的科学家一起工作。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“If a scientist’s first language is not English, would it be truly difficult to publish an article in an international journal? Recent study looked at tons of scientific journals in the field of biology and found that they don’t do much to help scientists who are not native English speakers. The study found most of these journals judge articles based on how well they are written in English. This can be a problem for scientists who are not fluent in English because they have to work harder to make sure their papers can be published in international journals.(如果一名科学家的第一语言不是英语，那么在国际期刊上发表文章真的很难吗？最近的一项研究查阅了大量生物学领域的科学期刊，发现它们对母语不是英语的科学家没有多大帮助。研究发现，这些期刊大多根据文章的英文写作水平来评判文章。对于英语不流利的科学家来说，这可能是一个问题，因为他们必须更加努力地工作，以确保他们的论文能够在国际期刊上发表)”结合文章主要说明了大多数国际期刊存在因为语言问题导致的不公平现象，指出与以英语为母语的人相比，非英语母语的人更有可能因为写作问题而被拒绝。可知，B选项“语言问题对科学家的不公平对待”最符合文章标题。故选B。 （23-24高一上·江西·期中）While many Americans joke about their poor math, labor experts say the nation’s decreasing math skill threatens U. S. economic competitiveness and national security (安全). Jim Stigler, a professor studying the process of teaching. and learning, said, “The advances in technology that drive where the world goes will come from other countries, because they have the intellectual capital (资本) while we don’t.” Concerning the math crisis facing schools, the U. S. military has called for a major program to support education in science, technology, education, and math (STEM). Government labor experts say the number of jobs in areas requiring math skill will increase by more than 30,000each year through the end of 2030, much faster than most other kinds of jobs. Mathematics is becoming a part of almost every career, but most American students aren’t prepared. In the recent PISA tests in math, U. S. students tested lower than students from 36 other education systems worldwide. Only one in five American high school students planning to attend college are prepared for college -level study in STEM, say experts. However, students from other countries are preparing to lead in these areas. An official report says only one in five graduate students in math-heavy fields at U. S. universities are American. The rest come from other countries. Most will leave the U. S. when they finish their programs. “We’re just not starting students on career paths related to math and computer science to stay competitive,” said Josh Wyner, a vice president of the Aspen Institute, a think tank. It urged decision-makers to make education an important national security goal. “We are no longer keeping pace with other countries,” the Aspen report says, calling this a dangerous failure. In Massachusetts, employers are expecting a shortage (短缺) over the next five years of 11,000 workers in the life sciences alone. “It’s not an educational question alone,” said Edward, director of an education program, warning that this may damage national security. 1．What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A．Americans don’t care about their poor math. B．Poor math skills will bring America disadvantages. C．Intellectual capital is a must for future development. D．Labor experts can shoulder the duty of national safety. 2．What do government labor experts suppose? A．The army will open STEM programs soon. B．Students are prepared for math-heavy jobs. C．There will be a sharp rise in math-related jobs. D．America will be behind in STEM education. 3．What’s the “dangerous failure” in the Aspen report? A．American students fall behind in math learning. B．American students fail to get math-related jobs. C．America has lost its attraction to foreign students. D．America fails to lead other countries in education. 4．How does Edward view the shortage of science workers? A．It can be solved in the next five years. B．It’s an evidence of overall math failure. C．It will cost the U. S. its lead in world affair. D．It’ll do harm to America’s national security. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。各种研究表明，美国中学生的数学能力在下降，专家们说，这将会导致与数学相关的工作岗位人员的短缺，并且会影响到国家安全。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“While many Americans joke about their poor math, labor experts say the nation’s decreasing math skill threatens U. S. economic competitiveness and national security (安全). Jim Stigler, a professor studying the process of teaching. and learning, said, “The advances in technology that drive where the world goes will come from other countries, because they have the intellectual capital (资本) while we don’t.”(虽然许多美国人拿自己糟糕的数学开玩笑，但劳工专家表示，美国数学技能的下降威胁着美国的经济竞争力和国家安全。Jim Stigler是一位研究教学过程的教授。他说：“推动世界发展的技术进步将来自其他国家，因为他们有智力资本，而我们没有。”)”可推知，糟糕的数学技能会给美国带来劣势。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Government labor experts say the number of jobs in areas requiring math skill will increase by more than 30,000each year through the end of 2030, much faster than most other kinds of jobs.(政府劳工专家表示，到2030年底，需要数学技能的领域的工作岗位每年将增加3万多个，比其他大多数工作岗位的增长速度快得多)”可知，政府劳工专家认为与数学相关的工作将会急剧增加。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Mathematics is becoming a part of almost every career, but most American students aren’t prepared. In the recent PISA tests in math, U. S. students tested lower than students from 36 other education systems worldwide. Only one in five American high school students planning to attend college are prepared for college -level study in STEM, say experts.(数学正成为几乎所有职业的一部分，但大多数美国学生并没有做好准备。在最近的国际学生评估项目（PISA）数学测试中，美国学生的测试成绩低于全球其他36个教育体系的学生。专家表示，只有五分之一计划上大学的美国高中生准备好了STEM的大学水平学习)”以及第五段““We’re just not starting students on career paths related to math and computer science to stay competitive,” said Josh Wyner, a vice president of the Aspen Institute, a think tank. It urged decision-makers to make education an important national security goal. “We are no longer keeping pace with other countries,” the Aspen report says, calling this a dangerous failure.(“我们只是没有让学生走上与数学和计算机科学相关的职业道路，以保持竞争力，”智库阿斯彭研究所副所长乔希·怀纳说。它敦促决策者将教育作为重要的国家安全目标。“我们已经跟不上其他国家的步伐，”阿斯彭报告称，这是一个危险的失败)”可推知，阿斯彭报告中的“危险失败”是指美国学生在数学学习上落后了。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In Massachusetts, employers are expecting a shortage (短缺) over the next five years of11,000 workers in the life sciences alone. “It’s not an educational question alone,” said Edward, director of an education program, warning that this may damage national security.(在马萨诸塞州，雇主们预计在未来五年内仅在生命科学领域就会短缺11000名员工。“这不仅仅是一个教育问题，”一个教育项目的负责人爱德华说，他警告说，这可能会损害国家安全)”可知，Edward认为缺乏科学工作者这种现象会危害国家安全。故选D。 （23-24高一上·辽宁·期中）Believed to have existed for more than 60 million years, crested ibises (朱鹮) are one of the oldest species of bird on Earth. Due to pollution and other human activities, the birds began to disappear in the 1960s. In 1981, seven crested ibises were found in Yangxian county in Hanzhong, Shaanxi province. They were believed to be the last remaining ones worldwide. But now, they have come back from the edge of extinction. May 23 marked the 40th anniversary of the rediscovery of the crested ibis. Researchers said that the number has risen to more than 7,000 worldwide. There are 5,000 crested ibises in Shaanxi alone. “The secret for the rare and inspirational case of successfully saving crested ibises from a small population is the country’s onsite protection approach adopted at the very beginning,” Zhang Yueming, an expert who works at the crested ibis nature reserve bureau (局) in Yangxian, told China Daily. On the fourth day after the discovery of the seven crested ibises, the local government issued a series of emergency notices to protect crested ibises. For example, hunting, cutting down trees, setting off explosives in the mountains, or using fertilizers (肥料) in the birds’ foraging (觅食) areas were not allowed. Later, it also established the Qinling No.1 protection station and sent four people to guard the seven birds. These guardians worked day and night. In the daytime, they observed and recorded the birds’ habits and characteristics; at night, the main job was to keep them safe. The government also restored more than 233 hectares (公顷) of natural wetlands, 100 hectares of winter paddy fields (稻田), more than 2,664 hectares of hills for afforestation (植树造林), dredged (疏浚) 30 km of channels and planted 30,000 trees. New methods were used to protect crested ibises, mainly including artificial breeding (人工饲养) and reintroduction. In 1990, the Shaanxi Crested Ibis Rescue and Breeding Center was established. At the center, crested ibises are artificially bred and can receive timely treatment when they are sick. Over the next 30 years, they also explored and created a complete system of artificial breeding techniques, laying a foundation for the birds’ later reintroduction into the wild. “China’s protection of crested ibises is a paragon (典范) in the world’s history of preserving endangered wildlife,” Zhang told China Daily. 1．When did Yangxian local government start to protect crested ibises? A．In the 1960s. B．In 1981. C．In 1990. D．In 2020. 2．Which of the following is NOT what the government did? A．It turned natural wetlands into fields and forests. B．It sent some people to keep an eye on the birds. C．It forbade using fertilizers in the bird’s habitats. D．It stopped locals cutting trees and hunting. 3．What plays a key role in crested ibises returning to the wild? A．The discovery of the seven birds. B．The scientific artificial breeding system. C．The timely treatment to the sick birds. D．The notices from the local government. 4．What is the suitable title of the text? A．Promising future of crested ibises. B．Rediscovery of endangered wildlife. C．Conservation of rare birds. D．Comeback of crested ibises. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了朱鹮的回归，以及中国在这件事上的努力和所取得的成就。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 1981, seven crested ibises were found in Yangxian county in Hanzhong, Shaanxi province. (1981年，在陕西汉中阳县发现了7只朱鹮)”以及第五段中“On the fourth day after the discovery of the seven crested ibises, the local government issued a series of emergency notices to protect crested ibises. (七只朱鹮被发现后的第四天，当地政府发布了一系列保护朱鹮的紧急通知)”可知，当地政府在1981年开始保护朱鹮。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第七段中“The government also restored more than 233 hectares (公顷) of natural wetlands, 100 hectares of winter paddy fields (稻田), more than 2,664 hectares of hills for afforestation (植树造林), dredged (疏浚) 30 km of channels and planted 30,000 trees.( 政府还恢复了233多公顷的天然湿地，100多公顷的冬季稻田，2664多公顷的丘陵造林，疏浚了30公里的渠道，种植了3万棵树。)”可知，为保护朱鹮政府恢复了天然湿地，冬季稻田，丘陵造林，疏浚了渠道。A选项“It turned natural wetlands into fields and forests.(把天然湿地变成了田地和森林)”与原文信息不符。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Over the next 30 years, they also explored and created a complete system of artificial breeding techniques, laying a foundation for the birds’ later reintroduction into the wild.(在接下来的30年里，他们还探索并创造了一套完整的人工繁殖技术体系，为后来将这种鸟重新引入野外奠定了基础)”可知，科学的人工繁育体系是朱鹭回归自然的关键。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段“But now, they have come back from the edge of extinction. May 23 marked the 40th anniversary of the rediscovery of the crested ibis. Researchers said that the number has risen to more than 7,000 worldwide. There are 5,000 crested ibises in Shaanxi alone.(但现在，它们已经从灭绝的边缘回来了。5月23日是重新发现朱鹮40周年纪念日。研究人员表示，全球这一数字已上升至7000多只。仅陕西就有5000只朱鹮)”和第七段中“The government also restored more than 233 hectares (公顷) of natural wetlands, 100 hectares of winter paddy fields (稻田), more than 2,664 hectares of hills for afforestation (植树造林), dredged (疏浚) 30 km of channels and planted 30,000 trees.( 政府还恢复了233多公顷的天然湿地，100多公顷的冬季稻田，2664多公顷的丘陵造林，疏浚了30公里的渠道，种植了3万棵树。)”可知，文章主要介绍了朱鹮的回归，以及中国在这件事上的努力和所取得的成就。D选项“Comeback of crested ibises.( 朱鹮的回归)”符合文章标题，概括文章主要内容。故选D。 （23-24高一上·四川凉山·期中）From the title “The Joys of College”, you probably think you’re about to read a piece of satire (讽刺作品) about how “awesome” college is. After all, college can be very demanding -a mountain load of assignments all due at the same time, 10-plus page papers, and difficult exams. I get it. But actually, the title isn’t satirical at all. Sure, college is really stressful and there are some aspects I don’t like. But for once, I’d like to focus on the positives of being a college student. The first thing I truly enjoy about being a college student is that I get to take classes that actually interest me. It isn’t like high school where you’re forced to take the same core classes as everyone else because of the district curriculum. In college, learning doesn’t feel like a task to me anymore because I actually get to design my schedule to my interests. Besides, there are so many different fields to study. We have many fields of departments (学院) that aren’t offered at other universities, such as Japanese. There are also many interesting classes that can be taken just for fun -classes about anime, the horror genre, and even witchery. There are so many opportunities to learn about topics unrelated to your major. The community at the University is also very important to me. We are all suffering here but we are all suffering together. The college experience is so much more bearable due to this community. I know I can express myself to any fellow college student about the stress my assignments are causing and they will always understand. The fun activities and clubs are also a plus. The campus carnivals, holiday markets, and concerts give us something to look forward to as we struggle our way through our classes. And the club activities - like the Campus Times - make college life all the more exciting. However, my most favorite part of being a college student is that I personally like the idea of being able to enjoy life without worrying about too many expenses. My loan payments are a problem for the future me. And not having to go through the stress of job interviews just yet is also very relieving. So although there are a lot of negatives of college, there are also a lot of positives. I know that when I graduate, I’m going to miss being a college student. 1．What is the first thing that the author really enjoyed about being a college student? A．There is less homework. B．The exams are less difficult. C．She is free to choose what to learn. D．There is no core classes to take. 2．What is special about the author’s college? A．She can design schedule all by herself. B．All the classes can be taken just for fun. C．It provides carnivals, holiday markets, and concerts D．It has many courses that aren’t offered at other universities. 3．What makes the college life more exciting? A．The community. B．Many fields of departments. C．The club activities. D．Unique opportunities. 4．What does the underlined word “relieving” in paragraph 6 refer to? A．Strange. B．Special. C．Worrying. D．Relaxing. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文从大学与高中的不同点介绍了作者步入大学生活的快乐。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The first thing I truly enjoy about being a college student is that I get to take classes that actually interest me.(作为一名大学生，我真正享受的第一件事是我可以上我真正感兴趣的课程。)”可知，作者在大学第一件真正喜欢的事情是可以上她感兴趣的课程。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have many fields of departments (学院) that aren’t offered at other universities, such as Japanese.(我们有很多其他大学没有的学院领域，比如日语。)”可知，作者大学的特殊之处是有很多其他大学没有的学院。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“And the club activities - like the Campus Times - make college life all the more exciting.(俱乐部的活动——比如《校园时报》——使大学生活更加精彩。)”可知，俱乐部的活动使得大学生活更加精彩。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据“And not having to go through the stress of job interviews just yet(而且现在还不必经历面试的压力)”可知，这也是一种解脱，relieving意为“放松的”，和relaxing（令人放松的）意思接近。故选D。 （23-24高一上·福建泉州·期中）Tall, long-necked giraffes are famous for their spots which are believed to help the animals hide from their enemies. Just like no two humans have the same fingerprints, each giraffe has its own special pattern of spots. However, a Tennessee zoo made headlines recently after it welcomed one of the world’s most uncommon giraffes. On July 31, a baby giraffe was born at Brights Zoo with light brown fur which is a reticulated (网状的) giraffe, one of the four different kinds of giraffes. Unlike most giraffes, she was born without spots, a unique feature of the reticulated giraffe. At six feet tall, this baby giraffe is growing well under her mother’s care. She shows typical baby giraffe behavior, such as eating rocks. Experts said the young giraffe was the only single-colored reticulated giraffe living anywhere on the planet. The last time this happened was 1972 in Japan. A giraffe’s pattern of spots is created when the animal is still growing inside its mother. That means that this giraffe will never have spots. “The new giraffe might not have survived if she had been born in the wild. Being single-colored, she may not be able to hide quite as well,” said Mr. David Bright, who runs the zoo, “It will easily be a key target for poachers (偷猎者) because she’s so unusual.” Brights Zoo stressed that reticulated giraffes had already become imperiled. In 2018, they were officially listed as “threatened”. Thirty-five years ago, there were 36,000 reticulated giraffes. Now, the number has been cut by more than 50%. Only about 16,000 reticulated giraffes remain. This brown giraffe’s birth is not only a rare and fascinating event, but also an opportunity to raise awareness about the challenges faced by giraffes in the wild. By supporting efforts like this, we can contribute to the conservation of these large creatures and ensure their survival for generations to come. 1．What do we know about the spots of giraffes? A．They help protect giraffes. B．They are the same pattern. C．They look like giraffes’ footprints. D．They appear on giraffes occasionally. 2．What makes the young giraffe born at Brights Zoo special? A．Its extremely large size. B．Its light brown fur. C．Its unusual eating habit. D．Its absence of spots. 3．What does the underlined word “imperiled” mean in paragraph 5? A．Recognized. B．Endangered. C．Doubled. D．Balanced. 4．Which word can best describe the birth of the young giraffe? A．Awkward. B．Worrying. C．Meaningful. D．Foreseeable. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了田纳西州的一家动物园出生了一只没有斑点的长颈鹿，文章解释了斑点对于长颈鹿的作用以及这只小长颈鹿出生的意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Tall, long-necked giraffes are famous for their spots which are believed to help the animals hide from their enemies.(高大、长脖子的长颈鹿以其斑点而闻名，人们认为这些斑点可以帮助它们躲避敌人)”可知，长颈鹿的斑点有助于保护长颈鹿。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike most giraffes, she was born without spots, a unique feature of the reticulated giraffe.(与大多数长颈鹿不同，她出生时没有斑点，这是网状长颈鹿的一个独特特征)”可知，在布莱特动物园出生的小长颈鹿的特别之处是没有斑点。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“In 2018, they were officially listed as “threatened”. Thirty-five years ago, there were 36,000 reticulated giraffes. Now, the number has been cut by more than 50%. Only about 16,000 reticulated giraffes remain.(2018年，它们被正式列为“受威胁”。35年前，有36000只网纹长颈鹿。现在，这个数字已经减少了50%以上。目前只剩下大约16000只网纹长颈鹿)”可知，网纹长颈鹿剩的数量不多了，说明濒临灭绝了。故划线词意思是“濒临灭绝的”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This brown giraffe’s birth is not only a rare and fascinating event, but also an opportunity to raise awareness about the challenges faced by giraffes in the wild. By supporting efforts like this, we can contribute to the conservation of these large creatures and ensure their survival for generations to come.(这只棕色长颈鹿的出生不仅是一个罕见而迷人的事件，也是一个提高人们对野生长颈鹿面临的挑战的认识的机会。通过支持这样的努力，我们可以为保护这些大型生物做出贡献，并确保它们的子孙后代得以生存)”可推知，小长颈鹿的诞生是有意义的。故选C。 （23-24高一上·辽宁·期中）The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent (程度), the physical form and the habits of the earth’s vegetation and its animal life have been shaped by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight (轻微的). Only in the present century has one species—man got significant power to change the nature of his world. During the past quarter century this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man’s assaults (侵犯) upon the environment is the contamination (污染) of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even deadly materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are the wicked partners of radiation (辐射) in changing the very nature of the world, the very nature of its life. It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the life that now lives on the earth. Given time not in years but in millennia (千年), life adjusted and a balance has been reached. But in the modern world there is no time. I don’t mean that chemical insecticides (杀虫剂) must never be used. However, we have to admit that we have put poisonous and biologically harmful chemicals indiscriminately (恣意地) into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their possible harm. We have forced enormous numbers of people to contact these poisons, without their permission and often without their knowledge. We admit, furthermore, that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife, and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity (完好无损) of the natural world that supports all life. 1．What does the underlined word “modified” in the first paragraph mean? A．destroy B．change C．explore D．maintain 2．Which of the following does the least harm to the environment? A．chemicals B．radiation C．insecticides D．vegetation 3．According to the text, what can we learn about the environment? A．Chemicals must not be used for the sake of the environment. B．The environment is greatly affected by vegetation and animals. C．The future generations are likely to lack concern for the environment. D．The pollution of the environment is largely due to irresponsible humans. 4．What will the following paragraph probably talk about? A．What humans should do with chemicals for future generations. B．How the environment affects the living things on the earth. C．What kind of chemicals are less harmful to the environment. D．How we humans make the best of chemicals to save the earth. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了地球生物和环境的相互作用和影响，人类对环境造成的污染和危害，以及对自然环境保护的重要性。人类的力量越来越大，但需要对使用化学物质进行更谨慎的考虑，关注自然环境和生物的完整性，以支持生命的可持续发展。 1．词义猜测题。根据第一段中“To a large extent(程度), the physical form and the habits of the earth’s vegetation and its animal life have been shaped by the environment. (在很大程度上，地球上植物和动物的身体形态和习性是由环境塑造的。)”可知，在很大程度上，地球植被和动物生命的身体形态和习性都受到环境的塑造，生命改变环境造成的影响是微小的。故划线词与B选项“change(改变)”为同义词。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The most alarming of all man’s assaults(侵犯)upon the environment is the contamination(污染)of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even deadly materials. (在人类对环境的所有破坏中，最令人担忧的是空气、土壤、河流和海洋受到危险甚至致命物质的污染。)”以及本段中“This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are the wicked partners of radiation(辐射)in changing the very nature of the world, the very nature of its life.(这种污染在很大程度上是无法恢复的。在现在这种普遍的环境污染中，化学物质是辐射的邪恶伙伴，它改变了世界的本质，改变了生命的本质。)”以及最后一段中“However, we have to admit that we have put poisonous and biologically harmful chemicals indiscriminately(恣意地)into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their possible harm.(然而，我们必须承认，我们毫不顾忌地将有毒和对生物有害的化学物质放在了很大程度上或完全不了解它们可能带来的危害的人们手中。)”可知，化学物质，辐射以及杀虫剂都给环境带来了极大的害处和影响，因此推断D选项“vegetation(植被)”对环境造成的是最小的伤害。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We admit, furthermore, that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife, and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity(完好无损)of the natural world that supports all life.(此外，我们承认，我们允许使用这些化学品，很少或根本没有事先调查它们对土壤、水、野生动物和人类本身的影响。我们对维持所有生命的自然世界的完整性缺乏关心，我们的后代是不可能原谅我们的。)”可知，由于人类很少或者根本没有事先调查化学品对环境的影响，以及缺乏对自然世界的关心因此才导致环境污染，即环境的污染主要是由于不负责任的人类造成的。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity(完好无损)of the natural world that supports all life.(我们对维持所有生命的自然世界的完整性缺乏关心，我们的后代是不可能原谅我们的。)”可知，此处指出我们对生态环境造成的破坏，对自然完整性缺乏关心，我们的后代是不能原谅我们的，因此后文应该阐述为了子孙后代，人类应该如何处理化学品。A选项“What humans should do with chemicals for future generations.(为了子孙后代，人类应该如何处理化学品。)”符合题意。故选A。 （23-24高一上·重庆·期中）Dogs greet other dogs nose-first, sniffing (嗅) each other from head to toe. People are not quite so open about the process of sniffing each other out. But the perfume industry suggests smell is important in human relations, too. There is also evidence that human beings can lead to close relationship, deduce (推断) emotional states and even detect disease via the sense of smell. Now, Inbal Ravreby of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel has gone a step further. He think he has been able to prove, admittedly in a fairly small sample of individuals, that friends actually smell alike. He has also shown that with people picking friends at least partly on the basis of body odour (气味), rather than the body odours of people who become friends afterwards forming. But why? To cast light on whether friendship causes a similarity in smell, or a similarity in smell causes friendship, Dr Ravreby investigated whether e-nose (electronic nose) measurements could predict positive interactions between strangers (new friendships often start from being strangers). To achieve this goal they gathered 17 volunteers, gave them T-shirts to wear to collect their body odours, ran these odours past the e-nose and then asked the participants to play a game. That game involved silently mirroring another individual’s hand movements. Participants were paired up at random (随机) and their reactions were recorded. After each interaction, they show how close they felt to their fellow gamer by overlapping (部分重叠) two circles (one representing themselves, the other their partner) on a screen. The more similar the two smells were which are brought about by e-nose, the greater the overlap. But why body odour might play a role in helping to form friendships remains unclear. Dr Rav re by theorizes that there may be “an evolutionary advantage in having friends that are genetically similar to us”. Body odour is known to be linked to genetic makeup. Smelling others may thus allow hidden connections about genetic similarity to be drawn. 1．What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 1? A．People will sniff their friends in private. B．People will close their eyes when sniffing. C．Sniffing their friends is not allowed when they meet. D．Sniffing their friends is uncommon when they meet. 2．According to Dr Ravreby, which comes first, friendship or similarity of smell? A．Friendship. B．Similarity of smell. C．It remains unclear. D．It depends. 3．What can we learn from the experiment? A．It involves participants who are friends already. B．The e-nose can help predict a possible friendship. C．The overlap part shows the two smell alike. D．It aims to find out how close two people can be. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Genetic similarity — the start of our friendship. B．Dog’s sniff — the origin of our friendship. C．Body odour — the connection of our friendship. D．E-nose — the measurement of our friendship. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是气味可能在友谊的形成中起作用。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Dogs greet other dogs nose-first, sniffing (嗅) each other from head to toe. People are not quite so open about the process of sniffing each other out.(狗互相打招呼时先用鼻子，从头到脚互相嗅对方。人们对彼此嗅出对方的过程不太接受。)”可知，人类见面时闻朋友的气味是不常见的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He think he has been able to prove, admittedly in a fairly small sample of individuals, that friends actually smell alike. He has also shown that with people picking friends at least partly on the basis of body odour (气味), rather than the body odours of people who become friends afterwards forming.(他认为他已经能够证明（诚然是在一个相当小的个体样本中）朋友们的气味实际上是相似的。他还表明，人们选择朋友至少在一定程度上是基于体味，而不是那些在交朋友后成为朋友的人的体味。)”可知，根据Ravreby博士的说法，先有气味相似，然后才形成友谊，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“To cast light on whether friendship causes a similarity in smell, or a similarity in smell causes friendship, Dr Ravreby investigated whether e-nose (electronic nose) measurements could predict positive interactions between strangers(new friendships often start from being strangers).(为了弄清楚是友谊导致气味相似，还是气味相似导致友谊，Ravreby博士调查了电子鼻的测量是否可以预测陌生人之间的积极互动（新的友谊通常是从陌生人开始的）。)”可知，电子鼻可以帮助预测一段可能的友谊。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“But the perfume industry suggests smell is important in human relations, too. There is also evidence that human beings can lead to close relationship, deduce (推断) emotional states and even detect disease via the sense of smell.(但香水行业认为，气味在人际关系中也很重要。也有证据表明，人类可以通过嗅觉建立亲密关系，推断情绪状态，甚至检测疾病。)”和第二段“He has also shown that with people picking friends at least partly on the basis of body odour (气味), rather than the body odours of people who become friends afterwards forming.(他还表明，人们选择朋友至少在一定程度上是基于体味，而不是那些在交朋友后成为朋友的人的体味。)”可知，本文主要讲的是气味可能在友谊的形成中起作用，因此最好的标题是C选项“Body odour—the connection of our friendship.(体味——我们友谊的纽带。)”。故选C。 （23-24高一上·浙江·期中）The other day my new friend waved at me and went over to me. He said: “Have we met before?” It happened a lot－he finds it hard to remember new people’s faces. “Anyone I’ve spoken to once or twice I do forget quite soon,” he says. “If I meet someone new, I’ll make a point of following them on Facebook so their faces become impressive in my memory somehow.” Face blindness, or prosopagnosia, is a confusing condition that can make us believe we recognize people we’ve never met or fail to recognize those we have. For some people with face blindness, it may be the poor ability to see. “Because they’re seeing faces a little bit differently to everybody else, it doesn’t allow them to pick up on the visual message that most of us use to recognize different people.” says John Towler, lecturer in psychology at Swansea University. They can have problems with the whole face at first sight, and will focus on a particular detail to remember people by－the eyebrows, the mouth for example. For other people with the condition, it may be more of a memory problem. “Clearly, if the ability to see is poor, then memory is going to be poor and the two things often affect each other,” says Towler. “But for some people, it’s mainly one or the other.” The result is that both types of people are unable to recognize familiar faces. Neither type would know which face was being shown to them－the first type because they can’t see it perfectly enough, and the second type because they can’t remember it. It’s less clear what causes face blindness in people. Studies have suggested that there are unusual structural and functional signs in the brain’s wiring, according to Towler, but there is no agreement on the exact cause. For this reason, the line between having developmental(发育性)prosopagnosia and being simply “bad” with faces can be unclear. One of the things about any kind of ability is that humans are not all the same. 1．Why does the writer mention his new friend? A．To introduce the topic. B．To share a story. C．To give an opinion. D．To make a comparison. 2．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined part in paragraph 2? A．lift. B．forget. C．notice. D．watch. 3．According to John Towler, people with prosopagnosia ________. A．can’t remember anything B．have something unusual in their brains C．can recognize people by the mouth only D．are both poor at memory and the ability to see 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Humans share no similarities in ability. B．The cause of face blindness is unknown at all. C．Scientists are still working to find the unusual signs. D．It’s hard to tell prosopagnosia from being “bad” with faces. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了脸盲症。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The other day my new friend waved at me and went over to me. He said: “Have we met before?” It happened a lot－he finds it hard to remember new people’s faces. “Anyone I’ve spoken to once or twice I do forget quite soon,” he says.(前几天，我的新朋友向我挥了挥手，走到我身边。他说:“我们以前见过面吗?”这种事经常发生——他发现很难记住陌生人的脸。他说:“和我说过一两次话的人，我很快就会忘记。”)”和“Face blindness, or prosopagnosia, is a confusing condition that can make us believe we recognize people we’ve never met or fail to recognize those we have.(脸盲症或面孔失认症是一种令人困惑的疾病，它会让我们相信我们能认出从未见过的人，或者认不出我们见过的人。)”可知，作者提到他的新朋友是为了导入脸盲症这个话题。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据上文“For some people with face blindness, it may be the poor ability to see.(对于一些患有脸盲症的人来说，可能是视力差。)”和下文“They can have problems with the whole face at first sight, and will focus on a particular detail to remember people by－the eyebrows, the mouth for example.(他们在第一眼看到整张脸时会有问题，他们会把注意力集中在一个特定的细节上，比如眉毛、嘴巴。)”可知，他们看到的面孔和其他人有点不同，这让他们无法注意到我们大多数人用来识别不同人的视觉信息。由此可知，pick up on意为“注意到”，和notice意思接近。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It’s less clear what causes face blindness in people. Studies have suggested that there are unusual structural and functional signs in the brain’s wiring, according to Towler, but there is no agreement on the exact cause.(目前尚不清楚是什么原因导致了人们的脸盲症。根据托勒的说法，研究表明，在大脑的线路中存在不寻常的结构和功能迹象，但对确切原因没有一致意见。)”可推知，根据约翰·托勒的说法，面容失认症患者的大脑中有一些不寻常的东西。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“  For this reason, the line between having developmental(发育性)prosopagnosia and being simply “bad” with faces can be unclear.(由于这个原因，发育性面容失认症和仅仅是“不熟悉”面孔之间的界限可能不清楚。)”可知，很难区分脸盲症和“不熟悉”面孔。故选D。 （23-24高一上·浙江·期中）During the COVID-19 pandemic, Elizabeth Hulanick turned to toys from her childhood to deal with worries and stress. She started bringing Lego toys to work to build things out of the colorful blocks with her co-workers. She also started playing with Silly Putty, a toy made of special rubbery material that could change colors. Playing with a Silly Putty, she said, brought her comfort. “I always need something to be tinkering with, and that’s probably the best way for me to stick with a toy instead of trying to figure out how to fix cars or something like that,” said Hulanick, who is 37 years old and lives in New Jersey. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, many adults turned to toys to remember feelings from their childhood. The stress from the worldwide health crisis only grew that trend (趋势). Many toymakers see adults’ interest in toys as a long-lasting thing, even after the pandemic fully ends. This so-called “kid-adult” market is a big part of the toy industry. The market is the second fastest growing group after customers aged 12 to 17. Even the fast-food restaurant McDonald’s is marketing to toy-loving adults. In October, it publicized its adult Happy Meals, attracting a great number of toy lovers. McDonald’s sales officials said the company sold half its supply of valuable toys in the first four days of the special deal. The Lego Group has been increasing its products for adults since 2020. It now has 100 toys designed for older customers. Among the most popular toys for adults are Star Wars and Harry Potter-linked Lego sets. Genevieve Cruz, senior director at Lego said, “The pandemic certainly served as a cause for this trend as adults found themselves sitting at home with nothing else to do with a lot of time on their hands.” Cruz added, “We do believe that the trend goes beyond the pandemic.” 1．Why did Elizabeth Hulanic play with Silly Putty? A．It could change colors. B．It made her feel relaxed. C．It brought her good ideas. D．It helped her remember her childhood. 2．The underlined phrase in paragraph 2 can be replaced by ________. A．fix B．make C．play D．protect 3．What do we know about Happy Meals? A．It showed McDonald’s new toys. B．It increased McDonald’s toy sales. C．It was a big part of the toy industry. D．It made adults fall in love with toys. 4．What can we learn from Genevieve Cruz? A．Lego sets are adults’ favorite toys. B．Adults spent a lot of time with toys at home. C．COVID-19 helped the growth of the toy market. D．The toy market will stop growing after the pandemic. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了疫情期间，许多大人开始通过玩玩具来应对担忧和压力，新冠疫情促进了玩具市场的增长。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Playing with a Silly Putty, she said, brought her comfort.(她说，玩橡皮泥给她带来了安慰)”可知，Elizabeth Hulanic玩橡皮泥是因为使她感到放松。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“that’s probably the best way for me to stick with a toy instead of trying to figure out how to fix cars or something like that”可知，Hulanic喜欢玩玩具，认为这是坚持玩玩具的最好方式，而不是试图弄清楚如何修理汽车或类似的东西，故划线词意思是“玩耍”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“In October, it publicized its adult Happy Meals, attracting a great number of toy lovers. McDonald’s sales officials said the company sold half its supply of valuable toys in the first four days of the special deal.(10月，该公司推出了成人开心乐园餐，吸引了大批玩具爱好者。麦当劳的销售官员说，该公司在特价活动的头四天就售出了一半的贵重玩具)”可知，开心乐园餐增加了麦当劳的玩具销量。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The Lego Group has been increasing its products for adults since 2020. It now has 100 toys designed for older customers. Among the most popular toys for adults are Star Wars and Harry Potter-linked Lego sets. Genevieve Cruz, senior director at Lego said, “The pandemic certainly served as a cause for this trend as adults found themselves sitting at home with nothing else to do with a lot of time on their hands.”(自2020年以来，乐高集团一直在增加面向成人的产品。它现在有100个专为老年顾客设计的玩具。最受成年人欢迎的玩具是与《星球大战》和《哈利波特》相关的乐高玩具。乐高高级总监吉纳维芙·克鲁兹说：“疫情肯定是造成这一趋势的原因之一，因为成年人发现自己坐在家里无所事事，手上有很多时间。”)”可知，新冠疫情促进了玩具市场的增长。故选C。 （23-24高一上·江苏宿迁·期中）A surprising discovery was reported by a team of South Korean researchers in late July. They said that they had created LK-99, a superconductor (超导体) that works at room temperatures and normal pressure levels. When electricity travels through wires (电线), it loses some energy and heats up along the way because of resistance (电阻). Superconductors can let electricity flow through without any resistance. However, according to Science Daily, they usually only work at very low temperatures, around -200℃. It makes them difficult to produce and use. After the team’s report, LK-99 became the center of discussion. Scientists around the world began to copy the steps. However, as of mid-August, researchers had published several new reports showing that LK-99 is not a superconductor at room temperature. It was rather a magnetic material that has some characteristics of superconductors, said The New York Times. Early in March, US scientists also said they had created such material, but the research is still waiting to be proved. Why have superconductors been a key focus of world science? It could make the energy systems more efficient. Currently, around 8 to 15 percent of electricity is lost between the generator (发电站) and the user, according to China’s CHINT Group, a leading new energy company with a global presence. Superconductors ensure that the loss will be no more. Each wire can carry much more electricity. ”The electricity prices for everyone may be reduced to one-tenth of the current prices, Xu Qingjin at the Chinese Academy of Sciences told China Daily. With superconductors, smartphones can be charged in a very short time, maybe just seconds. Electronic cars can travel longer distances, and drivers don’t need to worry about running out of electricity in the middle of their trip. Since superconductors don’t heat up, the power grid (电网) will be safer. We can have thinner phones and laptops because fans won’t be needed to cool them. “The development of all future technology needs the support of energy,” wrote Zhou Hongyi, founder of 360 Security Group. “The problem of energy should be considered first, rather than just creating better technology.” 1．What normally makes superconductors hard to use? A．Their working temperature. B．Their limited availability. C．Their zero resistance. D．Their high cost. 2．What did researchers discover about LK-99 by mid-August? A．It is a confirmed superconductor. B．It turned out to be a magnetic material. C．It has no potential for superconductivity. D．Its superconductivity is still not certain. 3．What do paragraphs 5 and 6 mainly talk about? A．Current electricity shortages. B．Progress in energy technology. C．Benefits of using superconductors. D．Difficulties in developing superconductors. 4．What does Zhou think of the development of technology? A．People should spare no effort to achieve it. B．It requires support from various aspects. C．It will help solve energy issues eventually. D．It should come after solving energy problems. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一个韩国研究小组报告说，他们已经创造出LK-99，一种在室温和常压水平下工作的超导体。文章介绍了这种超导体的特性以及超导体成为世界科学的焦点的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, according to Science Daily, they usually only work at very low temperatures, around -200℃. It makes them difficult to produce and use. (然而，据《每日科学》报道，它们通常只能在极低的温度下工作，大约在-200℃左右。这使得它们难以生产和使用)”可知，通常是工作温度让超导体难以使用。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, as of mid-August, researchers had published several new reports showing that LK-99 is not a superconductor at room temperature. It was rather a magnetic material that has some characteristics of superconductors, said The New York Times.(然而，截至8月中旬，研究人员发表了几篇新报告，表明LK-99在室温下不是超导体。《纽约时报》称：“这是一种具有超导体特性的磁性材料。”)”可知，到8月中旬，研究人员发现LK-99原来是一种磁性材料。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“It could make the energy systems more efficient. Currently, around 8 to 15 percent of electricity is lost between the generator (发电站) and the user, according to China’s CHINT Group, a leading new energy company with a global presence. Superconductors ensure that the loss will be no more. Each wire can carry much more electricity. ”The electricity prices for everyone may be reduced to one-tenth of the current prices, Xu Qingjin at the Chinese Academy of Sciences told China Daily.(它可以使能源系统更有效率。根据中国正泰集团（一家领先的全球新能源公司）的数据，目前，在发电机和用户之间，大约有8%到15%的电力损失。超导体保证损耗不会再增加。每根电线可以输送更多的电。”中国科学院的徐庆进在接受《中国日报》采访时表示，每个人的电价可能会降至目前价格的十分之一)”以及第六段“With superconductors, smartphones can be charged in a very short time, maybe just seconds. Electronic cars can travel longer distances, and drivers don’t need to worry about running out of electricity in the middle of their trip. Since superconductors don’t heat up, the power grid (电网) will be safer. We can have thinner phones and laptops because fans won’t be needed to cool them.(有了超导体，智能手机可以在很短的时间内充满电，也许只有几秒钟。电动汽车可以行驶更远的距离，司机不必担心在旅途中耗尽电力。由于超导体不会发热，电网将更加安全。我们可以拥有更薄的手机和笔记本电脑，因为不需要风扇来冷却它们)”可知，第5段和第6段主要讲了使用超导体的好处。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The problem of energy should be considered first, rather than just creating better technology.(首先应该考虑的是能源问题，而不仅仅是创造更好的技术)”可知，周认为科技的发展应该在解决能源问题之后。故选D。 （23-24高一上·江苏宿迁·期中）Most people tend to take a high-pitched (声调高的), sing-song tone when speaking to animals and human babies. Although the research before has suggested that such “baby talk” is more likely to catch dogs’ attention, less was known about how cats react to being spoken to in this way. To find out the truth, Charlotte de Mouzon and her team members watched how 16 cats responded to hearing pre-recorded sentences spoken by their owner or a stranger, by recording changes in their behaviour, such as moving their ears or tails, or suddenly stopping what they were doing — any of which could show that a sound had caught their attention. They found that the cats often made no response to hearing a stranger’s voice calling their name, but when their owner did it, 10 of the 16 cats showed a series of behaviors suggesting increased attention. Cats also showed more signs of interest when they heard their owner speaking sentences in a tone usually used to talk to their cats - but not when a stranger used this tone, or when their owner spoke the same sentence as if talking to a fellow adult human. “For a long time it has been thought that cats are very independent animals, only interested in humans for food and shelter (庇护),” de Mouzon said. “But our research supports the idea that they are attached. It brings further evidence to encourage humans to consider cats as sensitive and communicative individuals,” she added. “The fact that, in return, cats show a greater reaction when their humans specifically address them brings a new dimension to previous considerations of this interactive relationship.” Considering these findings, de Mouzon said cat owners shouldn’t feel shy about the way they speak to their pets. “I also talk to my two cats as if they were children and they do respond,” she said. “People may be shy about admitting this, but I think it can help to strengthen the bond between cats and their owners. They know that we are giving them attention.” 1．How did de Mouzon’s team carry out their study? A．By recording the sounds that caught cats’ attention. B．By listing the causes of cats’changes in behaviors . C．By watching the reaction of cats to different recordings. D．By studying the interaction between cats and their owners. 2．What can be learned about most cats in the study? A．They liked hearing people calling their name. B．They were able to tell their owner’s voice from a stranger’s. C．They had a greater reaction when their owner talked to other cats. D．They showed more interest when a stranger imitated their owner’s tone. 3．What do de Mouzon’s words in paragraph 4 indicate? A．Cats aren’t as independent as believed. B．Cats aren’t eager to please their owners. C．Cats see their owners as a food provider. D．Cats are sensitive and like interacting with people. 4．What did de Mouzon encourage cat owners to do? A．Give more attention to their cats. B．Treat their cats like their children. C．Admit that they are a cat person. D．Talk to their cats using baby talk. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于猫的研究，研究发现大多数猫能分辨出主人和陌生人的声音，并且猫很敏感，喜欢和人交往，建议猫主人多关心他们的猫。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“To find out the truth, Charlotte de Mouzon and her team members watched how 16 cats responded to hearing pre-recorded sentences spoken by their owner or a stranger, by recording changes in their behaviour, such as moving their ears or tails, or suddenly stopping what they were doing—any of which could show that a sound had caught their attention. (为了找出真相，Charlotte de Mouzon和她的团队成员观察了16只猫在听到主人或陌生人说的预先录制好的句子时的反应，通过记录它们的行为变化，比如移动耳朵或尾巴，或者突然停止它们正在做的事情——任何一种都可能表明某个声音引起了它们的注意。)”可知，de Mouzon的团队通过观察猫对不同录音的反应来进行他们的研究。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“They found that the cats often made no response to hearing a stranger’s voice calling their name, but when their owner did it, 10 of the 16 cats showed a series of behaviors suggesting increased attention. (他们发现，猫在听到陌生人叫它们名字时通常没有反应，但当它们的主人叫它们名字时，16只猫中有10只表现出了一系列表明注意力增加的行为。)”可知，大多数猫能分辨出主人和陌生人的声音。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段““But our research supports the idea that they are attached. It brings further evidence to encourage humans to consider cats as sensitive and communicative individuals,” she added. “The fact that, in return, cats show a greater reaction when their humans specifically address them brings a new dimension to previous considerations of this interactive relationship.” (“但我们的研究支持了这一观点，即它们是相互依赖的。它提供了进一步的证据，鼓励人类将猫视为敏感和健谈的个体，”她补充说。“作为回报，当人类专门对猫说话时，猫会表现出更大的反应，这一事实为之前对这种互动关系的考虑带来了新的维度。”)”可推知，猫很敏感，喜欢和人交往。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Considering these findings, de Mouzon said cat owners shouldn’t feel shy about the way they speak to their pets. “I also talk to my two cats as if they were children and they do respond,” she said. “People may be shy about admitting this, but I think it can help to strengthen the bond between cats and their owners. They know that we are giving them attention.” (考虑到这些发现，de Mouzon说猫主人不应该对他们和宠物说话的方式感到害羞。她说：“我也把我的两只猫当作孩子一样和它们说话，它们也会回应。人们可能羞于承认这一点，但我认为这有助于加强猫和主人之间的联系。他们知道我们在关注他们。”)”可知，Mouzon鼓励猫主人多关心他们的猫。故选A。 （23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期中）Black taxis have been a common sight in London for many years. Now these taxis and their drivers have become the focus of a new study into Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症). For those on the outside, it may seem that behind the wheel of these black taxis are just common people who help move us to our places. But hidden within their brains is a map of London’s streets that has put GPS technology to shame for many years. “The knowledge”, the test for London’s taxi drivers, stands among the hardest tests one could ever experience. It includes remembering information repeatedly from the memory of minute details about between 25,000 and 56,000 streets in London, depending on who’s taking the test, from the Trafalgar Square to the tiniest residential lanes (居民巷). Usually, the hippocampus (海马体) feels the influences of Alzheimer’s most. The hippocampus controls the brain’s short-term memory and spatial memory (空间记忆) systems. University College London and Alzheimer’s Research UK are coming together to study these taxi drivers’ brains. And the taxi drivers’ hippocampi continue to grow as they go on doing the job for more years. This suggests that perhaps there’s something we can do to reproduce the influence on the general population. Lead researcher Hugo Spiers was part of the team which 20 years ago found that, like birds’, the taxi drivers’ hippocampi slowly got bigger. In fact, research has found for years that any animal that requires detailed spatial knowledge of their land experiences growth in the hippocampus. Spiers’ team hopes to deal with Alzheimer’s by studying the taxi drivers’ brains, since the hippocampus becomes smaller with the development of Alzheimer’s. To collect more information, Spiers has asked thirty London’s taxi drivers connected to an MRI machine to drive around. The machine will allow the researchers to keep a real-time watch on the workings of the hippocampus. “It’s been a joy to help scientists fight the disease,” said taxi driver Robert Lordan. 1．What can we learn about “The knowledge”? A．It lasts for a few minutes only. B．It invites some residents to be testers. C．It is a great challenge to people’s memory. D．It is usually held in London’s busy streets. 2．What has been found about the taxi drivers’ hippocampi? A．They are improved thanks to daily talks. B．They grow together with taxi drivers’ job. C．They fail to control short-term memory. D．They are more likely to be influenced. 3．What does the research on animals show? A．Animals’ hippocampi are quite different from humans’. B．The new study can do good to animals as well. C．More detailed studies on animals’ brains are needed. D．Animals’ hippocampi are similar to humans’. 4．Why do researchers watch taxi drivers with an MRI machine? A．To decide who has the largest hippocampus. B．To find out what their hippocampi are doing at work. C．To know how Alzheimer’s develops in their brains. D．To test whether the machine influences the hippocampus. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在伦敦出租车和司机已经成为研究阿兹海默症的新焦点。他们的大脑中隐藏着一张伦敦街道地图，这让GPS技术相形见绌。原因是他们大脑中的海马体会随着工作年限的延长而继续扩大。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“It involves recalling information repeatedly from the memory of minute details about 56,0000 streets in London, from Trafalgar Square to the tiniest residential lanes.(它涉及从伦敦56万条街道的细节记忆中反复回忆信息，从特拉法加广场到最小的住宅小巷) ”可知，我们可以了解到The Knowledge是对人的记忆力是一个很大的挑战。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Moreover, the taxi drivers’ hippocampi continue to enlarge as they go on doing the job for more years, suggesting that perhaps there’s something we can do to reproduce the effect in the general population.(此外，出租车司机的海马体随着他们从事这项工作多年而不断扩大，这表明也许我们可以做些什么来在普通人群中重现这种影响)”可知，出租车司机的海马体和出租车司机的工作一起成长。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Indeed, research has found for years that any animal that requires a detailed spatial knowledge of their territory experiences growth in the hippocampus.(事实上，多年来的研究发现，任何需要详细领地空间知识的动物都会经历海马体的生长)”可知，作者提到动物(鸟类和松鼠)的研究是为了证明某些知识的长期使用会影响大脑的发育。因此对动物的研究表明动物的海马体与人类相似。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“To collect more information on the mechanisms that cause the “brain gain”. Spiers has asked thirty of London’s taxi drivers connected to an MRI machine to drive around on their routes.(为了收集更多关于“大脑增益”机制的信息，斯皮尔斯已经要求30名连接到核磁共振成像仪的伦敦出租车司机在他们的路线上四处开车)”可知，斯皮尔斯使用核磁共振成像仪的目的是收集更多关于导致“大脑增益”的机制的信息。因此，研究人员用核磁共振仪观察出租车司机是为了弄清楚他们的海马体在工作中的表现。故选B。 （23-24高一上·江苏淮安·期中）Melanie Guttmann, co-founder of LG, a German climate (气候) group, once spent six days in prison after being arrested during a public gathering against “new normal”. She tells me that she just wanted to have a peaceful life, spend some time with the people she loved and start a family. But finally, she says, she’d be willing to be in prison even longer if it might make a difference. “I started to realize that no matter whether I’m in prison or not, I will never have those things.” I have been turning over her words for what happened later. Vermont experienced storms last week, causing floods and resulting in deaths. An extreme heat brought the number of people in one Phoenix emergency room to levels never seen since the COVID-19 pandemic. The ocean water around the Florida Keys reached a temperature of over 90°F, seriously endangering coral reefs. Many well-meant statesmen mention what’s happening as “new normal”. It’s meant, of course, to point out the long-term effects of putting large amounts of greenhouse gases into air. But the phrase of “new normal”, to me, also has the suggestion that now, at least, is “normal,” as if we’ve been riding a lift of global (全球的) temperature rise, and just arrived at the top floor. “It surely is hot up here at the new normal, but good thing is that it won’t get any worse.” Unfortunately, though, it will. The changes we are experiencing are only quickening. Each new season is a baseline from which things will get stranger still. There’ll be yet more heat domes, storms, and flooding, coming at a faster and faster speed. By 2050, the world could be dealing with 1.2 billion climate refugees (难民) escaping for their lives. One thing from Guttmann’s words is clear: However bad things are now, they’re set to get a whole lot worse. We need to have the awareness that there is no “new normal” where we can stop to catch our breath. And, if we don’t do something, things will get worse. 1．Why is Guttmann’s story mentioned? A．To explore what is behind the story. B．To describe what life holds in the future. C．To explain the cause of her being in prison. D．To experience her feeling of disappointment. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A．The climate disasters. B．The storm. C．The extreme heat. D．The high water temperature. 3．Which view concerning “new normal” will cause an argument? A．The statesmen propose “new normal” with a good purpose. B．“New normal” alarms the long-term impact of climate change C．Things about global temperature at “new normal” won’t be worse. D．What Guttmann wants will probably come to nothing at such a “new normal”. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward Guttmann’s concern? A．Unclear. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Negative. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化的影响以及人类面临的挑战，作者认为没有所谓的“新常态”，人类必须意识到情况的严重性并采取行动。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I have been turning over her words for what happened later. Vermont experienced storms last week, causing floods and resulting in deaths. An extreme heat brought the number of people in one Phoenix emergency room to levels never seen since the COVID-19 pandemic. The ocean water around the Florida Keys reached a temperature of over 90°F, seriously endangering coral reefs.(由于后来发生的事，我一直在反复考虑她的话。佛蒙特州上周经历了暴风雨，造成洪水和人员死亡。极端高温使凤凰城急诊室的人数达到了自COVID-19大流行以来从未见过的水平。佛罗里达群岛周围的海水温度达到90华氏度以上，严重危及珊瑚礁。)”以及第三段“Many well-meant statesmen mention what’s happening as “new normal”.(许多善意的政治家把正在发生的事情称为“新常态”。)”可推断，作者提到Guttmann的故事是为了探索Guttmann的故事背后的故事。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“I have been turning over her words for what happened later. Vermont experienced storms last week, causing floods and resulting in deaths. An extreme heat brought the number of people in one Phoenix emergency room to levels never seen since the COVID-19 pandemic. The ocean water around the Florida Keys reached a temperature of over 90°F, seriously endangering coral reefs.(由于后来发生的事，我一直在反复考虑她的话。佛蒙特州上周经历了暴风雨，造成洪水和人员死亡。极端高温使凤凰城急诊室的人数达到了自COVID-19大流行以来从未见过的水平。佛罗里达群岛周围的海水温度达到90华氏度以上，严重危及珊瑚礁。)”可知，文章第二段主要讲述了一些自然灾害。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But the phrase of “new normal”, to me, also has the suggestion that now, at least, is “normal,” as if we’ve been riding a lift of global (全球的) temperature rise, and just arrived at the top floor. “It surely is hot up here at the new normal, but good thing is that it won’t get any worse.”(但对我来说，“新常态”这个词也暗示着，至少现在是“正常的”，就好像我们乘坐了全球气温上升的电梯，刚刚到达顶层。“在新常态下，这里肯定很热，但好在情况不会变得更糟。”)”以及第四段“Unfortunately, though, it will. The changes we are experiencing are only quickening.(但不幸的是，它会。我们正在经历的变化只是在加速。)”可知，“新常态”下的全球气温不会更糟这个观点是不对的，会引起争论。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“One thing from Guttmann’s words is clear: However bad things are now, they’re set to get a whole lot worse. We need to have the awareness that there is no “new normal” where we can stop to catch our breath. And, if we don’t do something, things will get worse.( Guttmann的话中有一点是明确的：无论现在的情况多么糟糕，它们都将变得更糟。我们需要意识到，没有什么“新常态”可以让我们停下来喘口气。如果我们不做点什么，事情会变得更糟。)”可知，作者赞同Guttmann的观点，也就是无论现在的情况多么糟糕，它们都将变得更糟。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$