Unit 4 Exploring poetry【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高一高二英语单元速记•巧练（译林版2020选择性必修第一册）

Unit 4 Exploring poetry 【速记清单】 单元重点单词短语句型语法 重点单词 1. imply 　　　 vt. 含有……的意思, 暗示, 暗指 2. dimension n. 方面, 侧面; 规模, 程度; 维 3. grasp n. 理解, 领会; 抓紧, 握紧, 控制; 能力所及vt. 抓紧; 领会, 理解 4. rhyme n. 押韵词, 押韵vt. 使押韵 vi. 和……同韵 5. complex adj. 复杂的, 难懂的 n. 建筑群; 复合体; 情结 6. clue n. 线索, 提示; 迹象 7. cage vt. 把(动物)关在笼中n. 笼子 8. aside adv. 到旁边, 在旁边; 留, 存; 除……以外 9. remote adj. 偏远的, 偏僻的; 遥远的, 久远的; 远亲的 10. reward  vt. 奖励, 奖赏 n. 奖励, 回报; 悬赏金 11. inner adj. 内心的, 隐藏的; 里面的, 内部的 12. perceive  vt. 注意到, 意识到, 将……理解为, 将……视为 13. ideal  n. 理想; 典范 adj. 完美的, 理想的 14. rigid adj. 死板的, 僵硬的; 固执的, 僵化的 15. undergo vt. (underwent, undergone)经历, 经受 16. advocate vt. 拥护, 支持, 提倡 n. 拥护者, 支持者; 辩护律师 17. district n. 区, 行政区; 地区, 区域 18. bend  vi. & vt. (bent, bent)(使)拐弯, 弯曲n. 拐弯, 弯道 19. claim n. 声明, 宣称; 所有权; 索赔 vt. 宣称, 声称, 要求; 索取; 获得 20. hence  adv. 因此, 由此 21. dare  vi. & vt. 敢于, 胆敢; 激(某人做某事) 22. numerous adj. 众多的, 许多的 23. encounter vt. 偶然碰到, 意外地遇见; 遭遇, 碰到n. 相遇, 遭遇, 冲突 24. nourish  vt. 培养, 助长; 抚养, 滋养 25. boom n. (贸易和经济活动的)激增, 繁荣 vi. 迅速发展, 激增, 繁荣昌盛 26. vitality n. 生命力, 活力, 热情 27. distinguish  vt. & vi. 成为……的特征, 使有别于; 区分, 辨别; 认出; 使出众 28. cast  vt. (cast, cast)投射; 向……投以(视线、笑容等); 投, 抛; 选派角色n. 全体演员; 投, 抛 29. owe  vt. 欠(情); 欠(债) 30. debt  n. 人情债, 情义, 恩情; 借款, 欠款, 债务 31. entitle vt. (usually passive)给……命名; 使享有权利, 使符合资格 32. blame vt. 把……归咎于, 责怪, 指责 n. 责任, 责备, 指责 33. allowance n. 津贴, 补助; 限额; 零花钱 重点单词变形 1. freeze v. 冰冻; (使)冻结, 结冰; (使)冻住, 冻堵; 严寒→ frozen adj. 结冰的, 冰封的; 冷冻的; 冻僵的→ freezing adj. 极冷的; 冰冻的; 冰点以下的  2. detect vt. 发现, 查明, 侦察出→ detector n. 探测器; 检测器  3. contradict v. 反驳; 驳斥; 批驳; 相矛盾; 相抵触; 相反→ contradictory adj. 互相矛盾的, 对立的  4. interpret vt. 解释, 阐释; 把……理解为, 领会; 演绎 vi. 口译→ interpreter n. 口译工作者; 口译译员  5. patient adj. 耐心的 n. 患者→ patience n. 耐心, 忍耐力 6. constant adj. 不断的; 连续发生的→ constantly adv. 始终, 一直  7. logic n. 逻辑; 逻辑学; 思维方式→ logical adj. 符合逻辑的; 必然的, 合乎情理的→ logically adv. 逻辑上; 合乎逻辑地 8. real adj. 真正的; 真实的; 真的; 实际存在的→reality n. 现实, 实际情况; 事实, 实际经历 9. mist n. 薄雾, 水汽→ misty adj. 模糊的; 多雾的; 不明晰的 10. novel n. 小说→ novelist n. 小说家  11. industry n. 工业→ industrial adj. 工业的→ industrialize v. (使)工业化→industrialization n. 工业化 12. belief n. 看法, 信念; 信仰; 相信, 信心→ believe v. 相信  13. strike vt. &vi. 突然想到; 撞, 碰; 打; 突击; 罢工; 划(火柴)n. 罢工; 袭击; 击; 打→ striking adj. 引人注目的, 显著的; 妩媚动人的, 标致的 14. character n. 人物, 角色; 性格, 特征; 汉字→characterize vt. 是……的特征, 以……为典型; 使……具有特点; 描述, 刻画→characteristic n. 特点, 特征 15. stable adj. 稳定的, 稳固的→stability n. 稳定(性), 稳固(性) 16. tolerate vt. 容忍, 忍受→tolerant adj. 宽容的, 容忍的; 能耐……的→tolerance n. 容忍, 忍耐力 17. represent vt. 代表, 象征; 描绘→representative adj. 典型的, 有代表性的 n. 典型人物, 代表性人物; 代表→representation n. 代表, 象征; 描绘 18. forgive vt. 原谅, 宽恕→unforgiving adj. 棘手的; 不饶人的, 不宽容的 重点短语 1. dig up 　　　　　 发现, 搜集, 查明  2. set sth. aside  把……放一边; 留出  3. break with sth. 与某事终止关联, 破除  4. make allowance for  体谅; 考虑到, 估计到  重点句型 1. It is+adj. +to do sth. While you may ask “What does it mean? ” as you begin reading a poem, it is better to ask “How does it sound? ” 当你刚开始读一首诗时, 你可能会问: “这是什么意思? ”但最好问一句: “它听起来怎么样? ” 2. even if引导状语从句 Even if its true meaning appears to be beyond your grasp, you can always say something about how the poem sounds when you read it aloud.   即使你无法理解诗歌的真正含义, 也总可以说出这首诗在朗读时听起来如何。 3. as long as引导状语从句 As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning, it will have been worth your effort.   只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟, 或者让你领悟到另一层含义, 你的努力就是值得的。 4. Given. . . 考虑到…… Given his personal experiences and the historical background, it is only natural to see that the majority of Li Bai’s poems are characterized by the romantic style.   鉴于他的个人经历和历史背景, 李白多数作品皆富浪漫主义色彩就不足为奇了。 5. 完全倒装句 Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings, which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.   同样让人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发, 这为他笔下的无生命物体注入了生机, 也让他有别于其他山水诗人。 6. It is+v. -ed+that. . . It is believed that this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years. 人们相信这首诗是李白少年时所作。 语法 非谓语动词综述 非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。它们的基本形式的变化如下: 基本形式的变化(以do为例) 形式 一般式 进行式 完成式 动词不定式 to do/ to be done to be doing to have done/to have been done 动词-ing形式 doing/being done - having done/ having been done 动词-ed形式 done - - 　　非谓语动词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表。 形式 功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ed形式 - - √ √ √ √ 一、非谓语动词作主语: 动词不定式与动词-ing形式 1. 动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可以在句中用作主语。不定式作主语时常用形式主语it代替, 不定式置于句末。 To swimming in the river is what I’d like to do after school today. 今天放学后我想去河里游泳。 It is important for us to learn English very well. 对我们来说学好英语是重要的。 Taking exercise every day is good for us. We should stick to it. 每天锻炼对我们是有益的。我们应该坚持。 2. 动词-ing形式有时也用形式主语it代替, 动词-ing形式置于句末。这时常用于以下句型: it is no good/use doing sth. , it is a waste of time doing sth. , it is worthwhile doing sth. 。 It is no good pretending to know what you do not know. 假装知道你不知道的东西是没有益处的。 It is worthwhile following the advice of a wise man. 听从明智人的建议是值得的。 【名师点津】 动词-ing形式作主语时, 有时其前面要加上形容词性物主代词或名词所有格, 表明动作的发出者。 二、非谓语动词作宾语: 动词不定式与动词-ing形式 1. 在afford, agree, arrange, choose, claim, desire, expect, fail, hope, intend, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等动词后, 常接动词不定式作宾语。 2. 在advise, admit, avoid, consider(考虑), deny, enjoy, finish, practise, suggest等动词以及burst out, give up, insist on, keep on, put off等短语后, 常接动词-ing形式作宾语。 3. 在like, love, begin, start等动词后, 既可以接动词不定式作宾语, 也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语, 但二者区别不大, 常可以交换使用。 4. 在remember, forget, regret, try, mean等动词后, 既可以接动词不定式作宾语, 也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语, 但二者意义不同。 remember, forget to do(动作未做) doing(已做) regret to do(遗憾要做) doing(后悔做过) try to do(尽力去做) doing(尝试做) mean to do(打算做) doing(意味着做……) go on to do(接下来做另外一件事) doing(继续做原来的事情) can’t help (to) do(不能帮助做) doing(禁不住做) 【名师点津】 want, need, require等动词后, 常用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动的意思, 动词-ing形式可以换成动词不定式的被动式。 【巧学助记】 接动词-ing形式作宾语的口诀 建议抵制享受(suggest/ advise; resist; enjoy) 考虑承认冒险(consider; admit; risk) 避免推迟实践(avoid; delay/put off; practice) 期待成功完成(look forward to; succeed in; finish) 接动词不定式作宾语的口诀 同意提出做计划(agree; offer; plan) 要求答应来帮忙(demand/ ask; promise; help) 决定准备遭拒绝(decide; prepare; refuse) 敢于选择有希望(dare; choose; wish/ hope/ expect) 不能做到莫假装(fail; pretend) 设法做成决心坚(manage; determine) 三、非谓语动词作表语: 动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式 1. 动词不定式可以在句中用作表语, 说明主语所指的内容, 动词不定式可以带逻辑主语。动词不定式作表语时, 如果前面有实义动词do的形式, to可以省略。 2. 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式可以在句中用作表语, 说明主语的特征或者状态, 动词-ing形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。 四、非谓语动词作定语: 动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式 动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事; 动词-ing形式作定语常表示正在发生的事, 与被修饰词之间是主动关系; 动词-ed形式作定语常表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义, 与被修饰词之间是被动关系。 【名师点津】 (1)当名词前面有序数词或形容词最高级以及only, last, next等修饰时, 后面常用不定式作定语。 (2)下面的名词后面接动词不定式作定语 ability, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right(权利)等。 (3)动词不定式中的动词若是不及物动词, 而不定式与其修饰的名词之间有动宾关系, 这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。 五、非谓语动词作状语: 动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式 1. 动词不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因和结果, 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随等意义。 2. 作状语时, 动词-ing形式具有主动意义, 与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系; 动词-ed形式具有被动意义, 与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系。 3. 动词-ing形式作状语可用完成式, 表示此动作发生在谓语动作之前。 4. 动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式作状语时, 有时前面可以加when, while, if, unless, once, though, until等连词, 相当于状语从句的省略。 六、非谓语动词作补语: 动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式 1. 在expect, forbid, force, order, permit, request, warn等动词后, 常接“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构, 动词不定式作补语。 2. see, hear, notice, watch, feel等动词后的补语。 (1)接不带to的动词不定式作补语, 表示动作的整个过程; (2)接动词-ing形式作补语, 表示动作正在进行, 与宾语之间是主动关系; (3)接动词的-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义, 与宾语之间是被动关系。 3. 在使役动词have, let, make后用省略to的动词不定式作补语。have, make后面还可以用动词-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义, 与宾语之间是被动关系。have可以接动词-ing形式作补语, 表示动作正在进行, 与宾语之间是主动关系。 4. catch/spot+宾语+动词-ing形式表示“发现……正在做” 5. keep/find+宾语+动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式 6. “with/without + 名词/代词 +非谓语动词作补语”的复合结构 【名师点津】 动词不定式作补语易错提醒 三使、一感觉、两听、五看、半帮助(have, make, let, feel, hear, listen to, watch, see, look at, observe, notice, help)等动词在主动语态中, 后面作补语的动词不定式不可带to, 但是被动语态必须加上to。 1. 单词拼写 1. She ________(抓住)the rope and then I pulled her out of the frozen water. 2. The statement is ________(矛盾的)to information given in the passage. 3. The message from the boss was ________(理解)as a warning to the workers. 4. I could do nothing but wait with ________(耐心). 5. It is unfair that he gets very little in ________(奖励) for his hard work. 6. I don’t wish to ________(暗示)that you are escaping from reality. 7. A lot of cancers can now be cured if they are ________(发现)early. 8. We ________(倡导)saving energy and reducing waste. 9. I hold the ________(信念)that honesty is the most important quality.   10. She ________(弯曲)down and pulled out the box from under the bed. 【答案】 1. grasped 2. contradictory 3. interpreted 4. patience 5. reward 6. imply 7. detected 8. advocate 9. belief 10. bent 二. 选词填空 break with, make allowance for, set aside, dig up 1. As far as I know, you should ________________ time delayed on the way. 2. Every month Mr.Brown ________________ some money for annual travel. 3. Where did you ________________ the fresh evidence ? 4. It needed unusual courage to ________________ the bad habits. 【答案】 1. make allowance for 2. sets aside 3. dig up 4. break with 三. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Prof.Gracie, with all his ________(patient), asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. 2. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is ________(remote) monitored. 3. I worked extensively with other students, ________(constant) asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. 4. Standing in the distance，they were astonished to see ________(mist) clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls，which is on the south side of the lake. 5. The approval of others is ________(reward), while their disapproval is strongly disliked. 6. In general, doctors in those days had two ________(contradict) theories to explain how cholera spread. 7. I was ________ happy that your childhood dream became a ________ but now you must stop daydreaming and be ________. (real) 8. ________ it or not, I hold the firm ________ that he is an honest and reliable man.It would be ________ that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends. (believe) 9. Many ________ have attended the meeting, and some of them gave a ________ of the achievement they made in the past two years. (represent) 10. The ________ scientist told the youngsters it was important to ________ reality from one’s dreams. (distinguish) 【答案】 1. patience 2. remotely 3. constantly 4. misty 5. rewarding 6. contradictory 7. really; reality; realistic 8. Believe; belief; unbelievable 9. representatives; representation 10. distinguished; distinguish 四. 完成句子 1.坐在前排的是要受到表彰的劳模的代表。(完全倒装句) ________________________________ representatives of the model workers to be honored. 2. 考虑到她喜欢孩子, 我可以肯定教书是适合她的职业。(given…) ________________________________, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 3. 即使苏珊很生气, 她的声音仍然很平静。(even if/ though) Susan’s voice still remained calm ________________________________.   4. 开车意味着要为我的生命和他人的生命负责。(动名词作主语) ________________________________ for my life and the lives of other people. 5. 只要不放弃, 你就能实现当科学家的梦想。(as long as) ________________________________, you can realize your dream of becoming a scientist.   【答案】 1. Sitting/Seated in the front row are 2. Given her interest in children/Given that she is interested in children 3. even if/though she was very angry/annoyed 4. Driving a car means taking responsibility 5. As long as you don’t give up ( 7 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Exploring poetry 【速记清单】 单元重点单词短语句型语法 重点单词 1. imply 　　　 vt. 含有……的意思, 暗示, 暗指 2. dimension n. 方面, 侧面; 规模, 程度; 维 3. grasp n. 理解, 领会; 抓紧, 握紧, 控制; 能力所及vt. 抓紧; 领会, 理解 4. rhyme n. 押韵词, 押韵vt. 使押韵 vi. 和……同韵 5. complex adj. 复杂的, 难懂的 n. 建筑群; 复合体; 情结 6. clue n. 线索, 提示; 迹象 7. cage vt. 把(动物)关在笼中n. 笼子 8. aside adv. 到旁边, 在旁边; 留, 存; 除……以外 9. remote adj. 偏远的, 偏僻的; 遥远的, 久远的; 远亲的 10. reward  vt. 奖励, 奖赏 n. 奖励, 回报; 悬赏金 11. inner adj. 内心的, 隐藏的; 里面的, 内部的 12. perceive  vt. 注意到, 意识到, 将……理解为, 将……视为 13. ideal  n. 理想; 典范 adj. 完美的, 理想的 14. rigid adj. 死板的, 僵硬的; 固执的, 僵化的 15. undergo vt. (underwent, undergone)经历, 经受 16. advocate vt. 拥护, 支持, 提倡 n. 拥护者, 支持者; 辩护律师 17. district n. 区, 行政区; 地区, 区域 18. bend  vi. & vt. (bent, bent)(使)拐弯, 弯曲n. 拐弯, 弯道 19. claim n. 声明, 宣称; 所有权; 索赔 vt. 宣称, 声称, 要求; 索取; 获得 20. hence  adv. 因此, 由此 21. dare  vi. & vt. 敢于, 胆敢; 激(某人做某事) 22. numerous adj. 众多的, 许多的 23. encounter vt. 偶然碰到, 意外地遇见; 遭遇, 碰到n. 相遇, 遭遇, 冲突 24. nourish  vt. 培养, 助长; 抚养, 滋养 25. boom n. (贸易和经济活动的)激增, 繁荣 vi. 迅速发展, 激增, 繁荣昌盛 26. vitality n. 生命力, 活力, 热情 27. distinguish  vt. & vi. 成为……的特征, 使有别于; 区分, 辨别; 认出; 使出众 28. cast  vt. (cast, cast)投射; 向……投以(视线、笑容等); 投, 抛; 选派角色n. 全体演员; 投, 抛 29. owe  vt. 欠(情); 欠(债) 30. debt  n. 人情债, 情义, 恩情; 借款, 欠款, 债务 31. entitle vt. (usually passive)给……命名; 使享有权利, 使符合资格 32. blame vt. 把……归咎于, 责怪, 指责 n. 责任, 责备, 指责 33. allowance n. 津贴, 补助; 限额; 零花钱 重点单词变形 1. freeze v. 冰冻; (使)冻结, 结冰; (使)冻住, 冻堵; 严寒→ frozen adj. 结冰的, 冰封的; 冷冻的; 冻僵的→ freezing adj. 极冷的; 冰冻的; 冰点以下的  2. detect vt. 发现, 查明, 侦察出→ detector n. 探测器; 检测器  3. contradict v. 反驳; 驳斥; 批驳; 相矛盾; 相抵触; 相反→ contradictory adj. 互相矛盾的, 对立的  4. interpret vt. 解释, 阐释; 把……理解为, 领会; 演绎 vi. 口译→ interpreter n. 口译工作者; 口译译员  5. patient adj. 耐心的 n. 患者→ patience n. 耐心, 忍耐力 6. constant adj. 不断的; 连续发生的→ constantly adv. 始终, 一直  7. logic n. 逻辑; 逻辑学; 思维方式→ logical adj. 符合逻辑的; 必然的, 合乎情理的→ logically adv. 逻辑上; 合乎逻辑地 8. real adj. 真正的; 真实的; 真的; 实际存在的→reality n. 现实, 实际情况; 事实, 实际经历 9. mist n. 薄雾, 水汽→ misty adj. 模糊的; 多雾的; 不明晰的 10. novel n. 小说→ novelist n. 小说家  11. industry n. 工业→ industrial adj. 工业的→ industrialize v. (使)工业化→industrialization n. 工业化 12. belief n. 看法, 信念; 信仰; 相信, 信心→ believe v. 相信  13. strike vt. &vi. 突然想到; 撞, 碰; 打; 突击; 罢工; 划(火柴)n. 罢工; 袭击; 击; 打→ striking adj. 引人注目的, 显著的; 妩媚动人的, 标致的 14. character n. 人物, 角色; 性格, 特征; 汉字→characterize vt. 是……的特征, 以……为典型; 使……具有特点; 描述, 刻画→characteristic n. 特点, 特征 15. stable adj. 稳定的, 稳固的→stability n. 稳定(性), 稳固(性) 16. tolerate vt. 容忍, 忍受→tolerant adj. 宽容的, 容忍的; 能耐……的→tolerance n. 容忍, 忍耐力 17. represent vt. 代表, 象征; 描绘→representative adj. 典型的, 有代表性的 n. 典型人物, 代表性人物; 代表→representation n. 代表, 象征; 描绘 18. forgive vt. 原谅, 宽恕→unforgiving adj. 棘手的; 不饶人的, 不宽容的 重点短语 1. dig up 　　　　　 发现, 搜集, 查明  2. set sth. aside  把……放一边; 留出  3. break with sth. 与某事终止关联, 破除  4. make allowance for  体谅; 考虑到, 估计到  重点句型 1. It is+adj. +to do sth. While you may ask “What does it mean? ” as you begin reading a poem, it is better to ask “How does it sound? ” 当你刚开始读一首诗时, 你可能会问: “这是什么意思? ”但最好问一句: “它听起来怎么样? ” 2. even if引导状语从句 Even if its true meaning appears to be beyond your grasp, you can always say something about how the poem sounds when you read it aloud.   即使你无法理解诗歌的真正含义, 也总可以说出这首诗在朗读时听起来如何。 3. as long as引导状语从句 As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning, it will have been worth your effort.   只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟, 或者让你领悟到另一层含义, 你的努力就是值得的。 4. Given. . . 考虑到…… Given his personal experiences and the historical background, it is only natural to see that the majority of Li Bai’s poems are characterized by the romantic style.   鉴于他的个人经历和历史背景, 李白多数作品皆富浪漫主义色彩就不足为奇了。 5. 完全倒装句 Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings, which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.   同样让人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发, 这为他笔下的无生命物体注入了生机, 也让他有别于其他山水诗人。 6. It is+v. -ed+that. . . It is believed that this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years. 人们相信这首诗是李白少年时所作。 语法 非谓语动词综述 非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。它们的基本形式的变化如下: 基本形式的变化(以do为例) 形式 一般式 进行式 完成式 动词不定式 to do/ to be done to be doing to have done/to have been done 动词-ing形式 doing/being done - having done/ having been done 动词-ed形式 done - - 　　非谓语动词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表。 形式 功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ed形式 - - √ √ √ √ 一、非谓语动词作主语: 动词不定式与动词-ing形式 1. 动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可以在句中用作主语。不定式作主语时常用形式主语it代替, 不定式置于句末。 To swimming in the river is what I’d like to do after school today. 今天放学后我想去河里游泳。 It is important for us to learn English very well. 对我们来说学好英语是重要的。 Taking exercise every day is good for us. We should stick to it. 每天锻炼对我们是有益的。我们应该坚持。 2. 动词-ing形式有时也用形式主语it代替, 动词-ing形式置于句末。这时常用于以下句型: it is no good/use doing sth. , it is a waste of time doing sth. , it is worthwhile doing sth. 。 It is no good pretending to know what you do not know. 假装知道你不知道的东西是没有益处的。 It is worthwhile following the advice of a wise man. 听从明智人的建议是值得的。 【名师点津】 动词-ing形式作主语时, 有时其前面要加上形容词性物主代词或名词所有格, 表明动作的发出者。 二、非谓语动词作宾语: 动词不定式与动词-ing形式 1. 在afford, agree, arrange, choose, claim, desire, expect, fail, hope, intend, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等动词后, 常接动词不定式作宾语。 2. 在advise, admit, avoid, consider(考虑), deny, enjoy, finish, practise, suggest等动词以及burst out, give up, insist on, keep on, put off等短语后, 常接动词-ing形式作宾语。 3. 在like, love, begin, start等动词后, 既可以接动词不定式作宾语, 也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语, 但二者区别不大, 常可以交换使用。 4. 在remember, forget, regret, try, mean等动词后, 既可以接动词不定式作宾语, 也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语, 但二者意义不同。 remember, forget to do(动作未做) doing(已做) regret to do(遗憾要做) doing(后悔做过) try to do(尽力去做) doing(尝试做) mean to do(打算做) doing(意味着做……) go on to do(接下来做另外一件事) doing(继续做原来的事情) can’t help (to) do(不能帮助做) doing(禁不住做) 【名师点津】 want, need, require等动词后, 常用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动的意思, 动词-ing形式可以换成动词不定式的被动式。 【巧学助记】 接动词-ing形式作宾语的口诀 建议抵制享受(suggest/ advise; resist; enjoy) 考虑承认冒险(consider; admit; risk) 避免推迟实践(avoid; delay/put off; practice) 期待成功完成(look forward to; succeed in; finish) 接动词不定式作宾语的口诀 同意提出做计划(agree; offer; plan) 要求答应来帮忙(demand/ ask; promise; help) 决定准备遭拒绝(decide; prepare; refuse) 敢于选择有希望(dare; choose; wish/ hope/ expect) 不能做到莫假装(fail; pretend) 设法做成决心坚(manage; determine) 三、非谓语动词作表语: 动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式 1. 动词不定式可以在句中用作表语, 说明主语所指的内容, 动词不定式可以带逻辑主语。动词不定式作表语时, 如果前面有实义动词do的形式, to可以省略。 2. 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式可以在句中用作表语, 说明主语的特征或者状态, 动词-ing形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。 四、非谓语动词作定语: 动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式 动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事; 动词-ing形式作定语常表示正在发生的事, 与被修饰词之间是主动关系; 动词-ed形式作定语常表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义, 与被修饰词之间是被动关系。 【名师点津】 (1)当名词前面有序数词或形容词最高级以及only, last, next等修饰时, 后面常用不定式作定语。 (2)下面的名词后面接动词不定式作定语 ability, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right(权利)等。 (3)动词不定式中的动词若是不及物动词, 而不定式与其修饰的名词之间有动宾关系, 这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。 五、非谓语动词作状语: 动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式 1. 动词不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因和结果, 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随等意义。 2. 作状语时, 动词-ing形式具有主动意义, 与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系; 动词-ed形式具有被动意义, 与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系。 3. 动词-ing形式作状语可用完成式, 表示此动作发生在谓语动作之前。 4. 动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式作状语时, 有时前面可以加when, while, if, unless, once, though, until等连词, 相当于状语从句的省略。 六、非谓语动词作补语: 动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式 1. 在expect, forbid, force, order, permit, request, warn等动词后, 常接“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构, 动词不定式作补语。 2. see, hear, notice, watch, feel等动词后的补语。 (1)接不带to的动词不定式作补语, 表示动作的整个过程; (2)接动词-ing形式作补语, 表示动作正在进行, 与宾语之间是主动关系; (3)接动词的-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义, 与宾语之间是被动关系。 3. 在使役动词have, let, make后用省略to的动词不定式作补语。have, make后面还可以用动词-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义, 与宾语之间是被动关系。have可以接动词-ing形式作补语, 表示动作正在进行, 与宾语之间是主动关系。 4. catch/spot+宾语+动词-ing形式表示“发现……正在做” 5. keep/find+宾语+动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式 6. “with/without + 名词/代词 +非谓语动词作补语”的复合结构 【名师点津】 动词不定式作补语易错提醒 三使、一感觉、两听、五看、半帮助(have, make, let, feel, hear, listen to, watch, see, look at, observe, notice, help)等动词在主动语态中, 后面作补语的动词不定式不可带to, 但是被动语态必须加上to。 1. 单词拼写 1. She ________(抓住)the rope and then I pulled her out of the frozen water. 2. The statement is ________(矛盾的)to information given in the passage. 3. The message from the boss was ________(理解)as a warning to the workers. 4. I could do nothing but wait with ________(耐心). 5. It is unfair that he gets very little in ________(奖励) for his hard work. 6. I don’t wish to ________(暗示)that you are escaping from reality. 7. A lot of cancers can now be cured if they are ________(发现)early. 8. We ________(倡导)saving energy and reducing waste. 9. I hold the ________(信念)that honesty is the most important quality.   10. She ________(弯曲)down and pulled out the box from under the bed. 二. 选词填空 break with, make allowance for, set aside, dig up 1. As far as I know, you should ________________ time delayed on the way. 2. Every month Mr.Brown ________________ some money for annual travel. 3. Where did you ________________ the fresh evidence ? 4. It needed unusual courage to ________________ the bad habits. 三. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Prof.Gracie, with all his ________(patient), asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. 2. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is ________(remote) monitored. 3. I worked extensively with other students, ________(constant) asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. 4. Standing in the distance，they were astonished to see ________(mist) clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls，which is on the south side of the lake. 5. The approval of others is ________(reward), while their disapproval is strongly disliked. 6. In general, doctors in those days had two ________(contradict) theories to explain how cholera spread. 7. I was ________ happy that your childhood dream became a ________ but now you must stop daydreaming and be ________. (real) 8. ________ it or not, I hold the firm ________ that he is an honest and reliable man.It would be ________ that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends. (believe) 9. Many ________ have attended the meeting, and some of them gave a ________ of the achievement they made in the past two years. (represent) 10. The ________ scientist told the youngsters it was important to ________ reality from one’s dreams. (distinguish) 四. 完成句子 1.坐在前排的是要受到表彰的劳模的代表。(完全倒装句) ________________________________ representatives of the model workers to be honored. 2. 考虑到她喜欢孩子, 我可以肯定教书是适合她的职业。(given…) ________________________________, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 3. 即使苏珊很生气, 她的声音仍然很平静。(even if/ though) Susan’s voice still remained calm ________________________________.   4. 开车意味着要为我的生命和他人的生命负责。(动名词作主语) ________________________________ for my life and the lives of other people. 5. 只要不放弃, 你就能实现当科学家的梦想。(as long as) ________________________________, you can realize your dream of becoming a scientist.   ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$