Unit 5 The human brain 单元话题完形填空练习-2024-2025学年九年级英语上册单元重难点易错题精练（牛津上海版）

Unit 5 The human brain 单元话题完形填空练习 （23-24九年级上·上海普陀·期中）Discovering the Power of Placebos (安慰剂) A little girl cries after falling and bumping her knee against the ground. Her father rushes over and looks closely at the leg. “I’ll kiss it and make it better,” he says. The kiss works. The girl sniffles (抽噎), then jumps up and gets back to playing. Her pain is 1 . Things like this one happen on playgrounds and in homes around the world every day. When a child gets a bump or bruise (淤伤), says better Ulrike Bingel, “Someone will blow the pain away.” Bingel is a doctor at a Germany university. A caring adult seems to have the ability to stop a child’s pain with a puff of air, a kiss or even just a few kind words. 2 , none of these things can repair injured skin. So what’s happening? Doctors call it the placebo effect. It describes what happens when something that should have no effect leads to a(n) 3 positive change in someone’s body. Placebos are a very 4 part of medical research. To prove that a new medicine works, researchers must show that the people who are taking a new drug will be in much better health than those who are taking a placebo. This placebo is usually a pill and it 5 the same as the new medicine but contains no medicine. At times a person may feel better after taking a placebo pill though the pill did not act on any disease. This placebo response isn’t an illusion (幻觉). It comes from the brain. A placebo effect can only influence body processes that the brain can change like a pain. “Placebos can’t fight cancer,” Bingel says. But they can change how 6 someone experiences pain or other illness.” Bingel and his team are working to better understand what brain processes make this happen. 1．A．delivered B．forgotten C．forgiven D．increased 2．A．For example B．Now and then C．Of course D．In the end 3．A．correct B．strange C．real D．easy 4．A．attractive B．important C．natural D．different 5．A．looks B．becomes C．keeps D．thinks 6．A．commonly B．hardly C．slightly D．strongly （22-23九年级上·上海普陀·期末）“Vaccines” for Plants Although plants can’t get COVID-19, many other kinds of viruses can make them sick. Some of those viruses can cause huge 1 for crops. A ringspot (环斑病) virus, for example, harms papaya (番木瓜) fruit trees in Taiwan, China. There are many ways to fight against plant viruses, such as using medicines to treat leaves. But two girls at Taipei First Girls’ High School have found a new method: They give plants an electric shock. You might think of this shock treatment as a vaccine (疫苗), note Fu-Ru Li and Shao-Jyun Lai. Electric shocks should affect a plant in much the same way that a virus would—by causing its immune system (免疫系统) to start working. “It works to send messages to other leaves,” Fu-Ru explains. “It basically 2 a plant: ‘Oh, there’s a virus. You should prepare a defense!’” Many factors—such as heat and drought—can turn on a plant’s immune system. But an electric shock should achieve the same effects and without 3 the plant. At least, that was the idea. The young researchers now proved that it was 4 after their experiments. To put it into practice (付诸实践), the teens did some more experiments. By sticking two copper plates (铜板) into a pot, they produced a current (电流) that traveled through the soil and into the plant’s roots. One day, the students hope, farmers might be able to send such a current throughout a field, treating many plants 5 . “The idea of electro-vaccinating a whole field reminds me of a sci-fi movie,” Shao-Jyun says. But she also can imagine a world in which the idea is a 6 . “Before a seasonal viral infection (病毒感染), you can use it as a shot to improve the plants’ immunity,” she says. 1．A．mistakes B．problems C．relax D．worries 2．A．advises B．promises C．teaches D．warns 3．A．helping B．moving C．watering D．harming 4．A．different B．difficult C．effective D．popular 5．A．at all B．at least C．at once D．at present 6．A．disaster B．dream C．reality D．wonder （23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期中） Would you eat an insect? It might sound disgusting, but insects have actually been part of 1 diets in many parts of the world. In Thailand, fried crickets are a popular snack. In Ghana, eating termites helps people get the protein they need. And in Mexico, ant eggs fried in butter are thought to be delicious. Moreover, eating insects could be the 2 to world hunger. Many people around the world don’t have enough food to eat. Meanwhile, the earth’s population keeps growing. It is said that it will reach 9,000,000,000 by the year 2050. Also, we are quickly running out of new land to use for farming and raising animals. The number of fish in our oceans is also decreasing, because of pollution and overfishing. On the other hand, there are plenty of insects available; this is why a United Nations（UN）report 3 using insects as food. Insects are not only more than enough but also good for your health. They contain lots of protein and important nutrients. Locusts, for example, actually contain more iron than beef does. Moreover, raising insects for food is better for the environment than raising other animals, because they 4 less land, food and water. Also, farm animals like cows and pigs give our harmful greenhouse gases into the air after they eat. Insects release greenhouse gases too, but not as much as other animals. 5 they can breakdown the waste and dead bodies of other animals, returning their nutrients to the soil. Insects are already being eaten by many people across the world. Even if it seems 6 , we should keep an open mind. It could mean the difference between life and death for starving people around the world. Word box disgusting adj.恶心的 protein n.蛋白质 nutrient n.营养物   starving adj.饿极了的 1．A．healthy B．traditional C．faithful D．natural 2．A．answer B．problem C．cause D．source 3．A．discusses B．imagines C．suggests D．considers 4．A．include B．control C．require D．waste 5．A．Instead B．As a result C．In fact D．What’s more 6．A．wonderful B．strange C．popular D．simple （22-23九年级上·上海宝山·期中）Choose the words or expressions to complete the passage. (选择最恰当的单词或短语，完成短文。) Is living on the planet Mars possible for humans? The answer is yes. Some scientists believe people will live on the planet Mars by 2200. Our own planet, Earth, will become more and more crowded and 1 . We won’t have enough space to live and there won’t be any fresh air or water. Good news is that we can start again and build a better world on Mars. Here is what life could be like. First of all, 2 should be much better. At present, our spaceships are too slow to carry large numbers of people to Mars — it takes months. However, by 2200, spaceships can travel at half the speed of light. It might take us two or three days to get to Mars! Secondly, humans need food, water and air to live on. Scientists should be able to develop plants that can be grown on Mars. These plants will produce the food and air that we need. 3 , will there be enough fresh water for all of us? There is no answer now. There is a problem for us to live on Mars. Mars pulls us much less than the Earth does. This will be dangerous because we can easily jump too high and fly slowly away into space. To prevent this, humans on Mars have to wear special shoes to make themselves 4 . Life on Mars will be better than that on Earth in many ways. People will have more space. Living in a large building with only 10 bedrooms is highly possible. People will have more 5 . With the development of science and technology, robots will do most of our work, so we can take up our hobbies. In some ways, life on Mars may not be better than that on Earth today. Food will not be the same — meals will probably be in the form (形式) of pills and will not be as delicious as they are today. Also, space travel will make many people feel 6 . The spaceship will travel fast but the journey to Mars will probably be very uncomfortable. 1．A．modern B．changeable C．surprising D．polluted 2．A．weather B．environment C．transport D．resources 3．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Instead 4．A．quicker B．taller C．heavier D．cooler 5．A．money B．work C．exercise D．time 6．A．bored B．excited C．sick D．impatient （22-23九年级上·上海普陀·期中）Have you ever heard of Expressive Writing? Writing about a terrible or difficult situation is called “expressive writing.” People who do this, record their deepest thoughts and feelings. Doctor Pan, leader of this study of expressive writing as a highly effective way to deal with painful experiences, says these people often show 1 mental and physical condition (状况) afterwards. Expressive writing is effective because it allows you to make sense out of an upsetting and even heart-breaking experience. As you write, you are 2 what is happening around, and accepting that something is bothering you is an important first step. Next, translating that experience into language forces you to organize your thoughts and gives you a sense of control. Thinking or talking about an event seems 3 . However, the more you think or talk about it, the more likely you will find yourself in a mess. As a result, you get completely lost in your own emotions and finally lose self-control. Writing works differently as it makes you slow down. The act of labeling a feeling of putting words to an emotion—can ease the neural (神经系统的) activities in the brain. What if you don’t consider yourself “a writer”? Don’t worry about spelling or grammar. Take it easy when you choose the words or expressions. 4 dig into your inner self. The goal of the exercise is to find meaning in an upsetting event. Many people have tried this method. After his father was rushed to the hospital because of a severe heart attack, 43-year-old Alex began to panic. So he did the one thing that would calm himself: he wrote. He thinks of it as a captain’s life buoy (救生衣). “My expressive writing gave me the 5 I need to face my fear and move on,” Alex says. There are a few who are against this approach. According to them, expressive writing isn’t a magical solution. People shouldn’t fully trust the effect of expressive writing. Neither should they think of using it to 6 other treatments. People who are faced with a serious mental disaster may not find it useful to do on their own, without medicine. 1．A．excellent B．serious C．puzzling D．frightening 2．A．recognizing B．imagining C．discussing D．influencing 3．A．difficult B．useful C．careful D．impossible 4．A．Never B．Rarely C．Only D．Nearly 5．A．rest B．knowledge C．suggestion D．courage 6．A．change B．replace C．manage D．develop （2022·上海崇明·一模）At the scene of a crime It’s 5:30 a.m, and your phone rings. A police officer says someone broke into a store and took some expensive items. They need you right away because sometimes witnesses may be 120 while the clues(线索) at the scene will always tell the truth. It is your job to study the whole scene for clues that will help catch the thief. You are a crime scene investigator(调查员), and the game is on. Outside the store, you see a broken window, but there is no glass on the street. There are shoeprints, and marks made by a vehicles’ tires(车辆轮胎). You look at the shoeprints. They’re large, so you’re likely to 121 a man. You photograph the shoe’s pattern. This can tell you the type of shoe. You then measure the space between the shoeprints. You now know how long the person’s steps were. This gives you an idea of the 122 of the thief. As you follow the shoeprints over to the tire marks, the spaces between the steps get bigger. They lead to the passenger’s side of the vehicle. Now you know the thief probably didn’t work 123 . You photograph the tire marks. They can help you find out the type of vehicle and the direction it went. The most important clues will come from a person’s 124 . You find some fingerprints near the broken window. Using a computer, you can match them with millions of others. You also find a hair at the scene. You keep it, because you know hair contains a person’s DNA．You can 125 this with other people’s DNA．If you find a match for the fingerprint or the DNA, you will know who was in the store. Will you find the thief? You now have a lot of information, so it’s possible. For a crime scene investigator, it’s all in a day’s work. 1．A．dishonest B．polite C．excited D．nervous 2．A．depend on B．keep off C．wait for D．look for 3．A．address B．height C．clothes D．education 4．A．hard B．gently C．alone D．rarely 5．A．sense B．response C．impression D．body 6．A．compare B．compete C．support D．share （2022·上海静安·一模）(T=Teacher, C=Charles, J=Joan) T: OK, everyone. It’s time for our class meeting. Today Charles and Joan are going to 126 about inventions. Charles, let’s start with you. C: Thank you, Mr Black. I think that scientists should 127 increase the number of new inventions. Inventions help us live better and longer. Think about all the inventions that save lives like X-rays and machine to start hearts when they stop. I believe new inventions will be good for us in the future. T: Joan, your opinion? J: I don’t agree. In my opinion, scientists need to 128 the number of new inventions. Technology is nothing bad and we do need new inventions. But having more inventions may not be good. Some inventions such as nuclear power（核能）even bring serious problems. C: But nuclear power provides us with cheap energy. J: Although it is cheap, lots of people are thinking about its 129 . There were dangerous accidents in Japan in 2011. C: I disagree. What about cars? There’s some danger too. Should we not use them just because car accidents happen every day? Cars make our life 130 , don’t you agree? J: I don’t think so. Just look at traffic jams. We waste so much time on the road because there are too many cars. 131 , all those cars make the air every polluted. C: And this is why we need more new inventions. I know some new cars are environmentally friendly. I believe they will help to solve some of the pollution problems. T: All right. Class, let’s discuss it together. Who do you agree with? 1．A．ask B．read C．argue D．teach 2．A．quickly B．hardly C．suddenly D．probably 3．A．write B．count C．calculate D．reduce 4．A．safety B．use C．value D．advantage 5．A．busier B．easier C．poorer D．healthier 6．A．As a result B．In the end C．For example D．What’s more （2022·上海杨浦·一模）Looking back to when I was younger in the 1980s, I can remember dreaming of two inventions that I thought would change my world but were probably not likely to happen in my lifetime. One was a tiny 1 that I could carry around in my pocket and film moments whenever I had the opportunity. The other was something I could use to see and speak to people miles away. It is unbelievable that during my adult life these two dreams have become a reality. And not even two separate inventions. Just one phone, small enough to keep in my pocket so that I 2 know it’s there. I can video call or chat to friends and relatives, catch up with the latest news,  watch videos of my favourite bands, check the weather forecast or send messages. I can shop as much as I want and even take a course in any subject I want ... the 3 goes on. Along with the Internet, the mobile phone must be the biggest change in technology ever. So why do many of us feel a little 4 how much time we spend on the phone in our lives? It’s puzzling that the opportunities it has offered us for communication seem to have 5 the time we actually spend talking to each other. We are all used to seeing friends and families who are always looking at their screens and taking very little notice of those around them. The mobile phone is here to stay and we have to find a way of dealing with the problems it might create. I believe these are challenges we have to solve independently rather than 6 something or someone else to come to our rescue. It’s up to use to be careful about the time we spend online and remember that it’s good to talk with those sitting nearby. We can still feel amazed to have such a powerful piece of technology available when we need it. 1．A．radio B．DVD-ROM C．TV set D．video camera 2．A．especially B．hardly C．immediately D．accurately 3．A．list B．legend C．sale D．memory 4．A．sorry for B．worried about C．unaware of D．wrong with 5．A．changed B．linked C．increased D．limited 6．A．advising B．warning C．expecting D．allowing 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 The human brain 单元话题完形填空练习 （23-24九年级上·上海普陀·期中）Discovering the Power of Placebos (安慰剂) A little girl cries after falling and bumping her knee against the ground. Her father rushes over and looks closely at the leg. “I’ll kiss it and make it better,” he says. The kiss works. The girl sniffles (抽噎), then jumps up and gets back to playing. Her pain is 1 . Things like this one happen on playgrounds and in homes around the world every day. When a child gets a bump or bruise (淤伤), says better Ulrike Bingel, “Someone will blow the pain away.” Bingel is a doctor at a Germany university. A caring adult seems to have the ability to stop a child’s pain with a puff of air, a kiss or even just a few kind words. 2 , none of these things can repair injured skin. So what’s happening? Doctors call it the placebo effect. It describes what happens when something that should have no effect leads to a(n) 3 positive change in someone’s body. Placebos are a very 4 part of medical research. To prove that a new medicine works, researchers must show that the people who are taking a new drug will be in much better health than those who are taking a placebo. This placebo is usually a pill and it 5 the same as the new medicine but contains no medicine. At times a person may feel better after taking a placebo pill though the pill did not act on any disease. This placebo response isn’t an illusion (幻觉). It comes from the brain. A placebo effect can only influence body processes that the brain can change like a pain. “Placebos can’t fight cancer,” Bingel says. But they can change how 6 someone experiences pain or other illness.” Bingel and his team are working to better understand what brain processes make this happen. 1．A．delivered B．forgotten C．forgiven D．increased 2．A．For example B．Now and then C．Of course D．In the end 3．A．correct B．strange C．real D．easy 4．A．attractive B．important C．natural D．different 5．A．looks B．becomes C．keeps D．thinks 6．A．commonly B．hardly C．slightly D．strongly 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了安慰剂对人们疾病或疼痛感知的减轻具有重要作用。 1．句意：她的疼痛被遗忘了。 delivered递送；forgotten忘记；forgiven原谅；increased增加。由“The kiss works. The girl sniffles, then jumps up and gets back to playing.”可知，父亲的吻起作用了，让她暂时忘记了摔倒的痛苦。故选B。 2．句意：当然，这些东西都不能修复受伤的皮肤。 For example比如；Now and then有时；Of course当然；In the end最后。由“... none of these things can repair injured skin. So what’s happening? Doctors call it the placebo effect.”可知，伤口是受到安慰剂的影响，才不觉疼痛，并不能通过家人的关心得到实质性恢复。故选C。 3．句意：它描述了当一些不应该有任何影响的事情导致某人身体发生真正的积极变化时会发生什么。 correct正确的；strange陌生的；real真正的；easy简单的。由上文女孩的例子可知，一些事情会真实地影响人身体发生变化。故选C。 4．句意：安慰剂是医学研究的重要组成部分。 attractive有吸引力的；important重要的；natural自然的；different不同的。由“To prove that a new medicine works, researchers must show that the people who are taking a new drug will be in much better health than those who are taking a placebo.”可知，在研究新药物的时候研究人员会将其与安慰剂的作用进行对比，说明安慰剂在医学研究领域很重要。故选B。 5．句意：这种安慰剂通常是一种药丸，它看起来与新药一样，但不包含任何药物。 looks看起来；becomes变得；keeps保持；thinks思考。由“... but contains no medicine.”可知，前后语义转折，后半句说不含任何药物，可推断前半句说的是看着像药物。故选A。 6．句意：但是它们可以改变人们经历疼痛或其他疾病的强烈程度。 commonly通常；hardly几乎不；slightly稍微；strongly强烈地。由“Placebos can’t fight cancer ...”可知，前后语义转折，前半句说安慰剂不能治愈癌症，后半句转折，结合前文所说的安慰剂使人减轻痛苦的内容，可推断意思为安慰剂可以改变人们经历疼痛或其他疾病的强烈程度。故选D。 （22-23九年级上·上海普陀·期末）“Vaccines” for Plants Although plants can’t get COVID-19, many other kinds of viruses can make them sick. Some of those viruses can cause huge 1 for crops. A ringspot (环斑病) virus, for example, harms papaya (番木瓜) fruit trees in Taiwan, China. There are many ways to fight against plant viruses, such as using medicines to treat leaves. But two girls at Taipei First Girls’ High School have found a new method: They give plants an electric shock. You might think of this shock treatment as a vaccine (疫苗), note Fu-Ru Li and Shao-Jyun Lai. Electric shocks should affect a plant in much the same way that a virus would—by causing its immune system (免疫系统) to start working. “It works to send messages to other leaves,” Fu-Ru explains. “It basically 2 a plant: ‘Oh, there’s a virus. You should prepare a defense!’” Many factors—such as heat and drought—can turn on a plant’s immune system. But an electric shock should achieve the same effects and without 3 the plant. At least, that was the idea. The young researchers now proved that it was 4 after their experiments. To put it into practice (付诸实践), the teens did some more experiments. By sticking two copper plates (铜板) into a pot, they produced a current (电流) that traveled through the soil and into the plant’s roots. One day, the students hope, farmers might be able to send such a current throughout a field, treating many plants 5 . “The idea of electro-vaccinating a whole field reminds me of a sci-fi movie,” Shao-Jyun says. But she also can imagine a world in which the idea is a 6 . “Before a seasonal viral infection (病毒感染), you can use it as a shot to improve the plants’ immunity,” she says. 1．A．mistakes B．problems C．relax D．worries 2．A．advises B．promises C．teaches D．warns 3．A．helping B．moving C．watering D．harming 4．A．different B．difficult C．effective D．popular 5．A．at all B．at least C．at once D．at present 6．A．disaster B．dream C．reality D．wonder 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．C 6．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了一种新型植物“疫苗”，对植物进行电击。 1．句意：其中一些病毒会给农作物带来巨大的问题。 mistakes错误；problems问题；relax放松；worries担心。根据下文“A ringspot (环斑病) virus, for example, harms papaya (番木瓜) fruit trees in Taiwan, China. ”（例如，环斑病毒会危害中国台湾的番木瓜果树。），可知此处是短语cause problems意为“引起问题”。故选B。 2．句意：“它基本上是在警告植物：‘哦，有病毒。你应该准备防护！’ ” advises建议；promises承诺；teaches教；warns警告。根据下文“Oh, there’s a virus. You should prepare a defense!”（哦，有病毒。你应该准备防护），可知这类似于一种“警告”。故选D。 3．句意：但电击也能达到同样的效果，而且不会伤害植物。 helping帮助；moving移动；watering浇水；harming伤害。根据上文“such as heat and drought”（比如高温和干旱），根据常识，可知高温和干旱是会伤害植物的，结合句首“But”，可知此处表示不会伤害植物，即without harming。故选D。 4．句意：经过实验，年轻的研究人员现在证明了它是有效的。 different不同的；difficult困难的；effective有效的；popular流行的。根据下文“To put it into practice (付诸实践), the teens did some more experiments.”（为了把它付诸实践，这些青少年做了更多的实验。），可知空处表示这种电击法是“有效的”。故选C。 5．句意：这俩学生希望，有一天，农民们能够将这种电流输送到整个田地，同时处理许多植物。 at all根本；at least至少；at once同时；at present目前。根据上文“farmers might be able to send such a current throughout a field”（农民们能够将这种电流输送到整个田地），可知空处表示“同时处理许多植物”。故选C。 6．句意：但她也可以想象一个世界，在这个世界里，这个想法是现实的。 disaster灾难；dream梦想；reality现实；wonder奇迹。根据前文中“The idea of electro-vaccinating a whole field reminds me of a sci-fi movie”（对整个农田进行电接种疫苗的想法让我想起了一部科幻电影），和“But she also can imagine…”，可知这是表达在想象的世界中能成为现实。故选C。 （23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期中） Would you eat an insect? It might sound disgusting, but insects have actually been part of 1 diets in many parts of the world. In Thailand, fried crickets are a popular snack. In Ghana, eating termites helps people get the protein they need. And in Mexico, ant eggs fried in butter are thought to be delicious. Moreover, eating insects could be the 2 to world hunger. Many people around the world don’t have enough food to eat. Meanwhile, the earth’s population keeps growing. It is said that it will reach 9,000,000,000 by the year 2050. Also, we are quickly running out of new land to use for farming and raising animals. The number of fish in our oceans is also decreasing, because of pollution and overfishing. On the other hand, there are plenty of insects available; this is why a United Nations（UN）report 3 using insects as food. Insects are not only more than enough but also good for your health. They contain lots of protein and important nutrients. Locusts, for example, actually contain more iron than beef does. Moreover, raising insects for food is better for the environment than raising other animals, because they 4 less land, food and water. Also, farm animals like cows and pigs give our harmful greenhouse gases into the air after they eat. Insects release greenhouse gases too, but not as much as other animals. 5 they can breakdown the waste and dead bodies of other animals, returning their nutrients to the soil. Insects are already being eaten by many people across the world. Even if it seems 6 , we should keep an open mind. It could mean the difference between life and death for starving people around the world. Word box disgusting adj.恶心的 protein n.蛋白质 nutrient n.营养物   starving adj.饿极了的 1．A．healthy B．traditional C．faithful D．natural 2．A．answer B．problem C．cause D．source 3．A．discusses B．imagines C．suggests D．considers 4．A．include B．control C．require D．waste 5．A．Instead B．As a result C．In fact D．What’s more 6．A．wonderful B．strange C．popular D．simple 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．C 6．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了昆虫是世界上许多地方饮食的一部分，它可以解决很多饥饿问题，我们应该保持开放的心态。 1．句意：这听起来可能很恶心，但昆虫实际上是世界上许多地方传统饮食的一部分。 healthy健康的；traditional传统的；faithful忠诚的；natural自然的。根据“In Thailand, fried crickets are a popular snack. In Ghana, eating termites helps people get the protein they need. And in Mexico, ant eggs fried in butter are thought to be delicious.”可知说的是昆虫实际上是世界上许多地方传统饮食的一部分。故选B。 2．句意：此外，吃昆虫可能是解决世界饥饿问题的答案。 answer答案；problem问题；cause原因；source来源。根据“Many people around the world don’t have enough food to eat.”可知世界上许多人没有足够的食物吃，所以吃昆虫可能是解决世界饥饿问题的答案。故选A。 3．句意：这就是为什么联合国(UN)的一份报告建议将昆虫作为食物。 discusses讨论；imagines想象；suggests建议；considers考虑。根据“this is why a United Nations（UN）report...using insects as food.”可知联合国报告建议把昆虫作为食物。故选C。 4．句意：此外，饲养昆虫作为食物比饲养其他动物对环境更好，因为它们需要更少的土地、食物和水。 include包括；control控制；require需要，要求；waste浪费。根据“because they...less land, food and water.”可知饲养昆虫需要更少的土地、食物和水。故选C。 5．句意：事实上，它们可以分解废物和其他动物的尸体，将它们的营养物质归还给土壤。 Instead代替；As a result结果是；In fact事实上；What’s more此外。根据“they can breakdown the waste and dead bodies of other animals, returning their nutrients to the soil.”可知此处讲述的是一个关于昆虫的事实情况，应用in fact，故选C。 6．句意：即使看起来很奇怪，我们也应该保持开放的心态。 wonderful美妙的；strange奇怪的；popular受欢迎的；simple简单的。根据“Insects are already being eaten by many people across the world.”以及后句“we should keep an open mind.”可知有很多人吃昆虫，这在我们的认知里是很奇怪的，故选B。 （22-23九年级上·上海宝山·期中）Choose the words or expressions to complete the passage. (选择最恰当的单词或短语，完成短文。) Is living on the planet Mars possible for humans? The answer is yes. Some scientists believe people will live on the planet Mars by 2200. Our own planet, Earth, will become more and more crowded and 1 . We won’t have enough space to live and there won’t be any fresh air or water. Good news is that we can start again and build a better world on Mars. Here is what life could be like. First of all, 2 should be much better. At present, our spaceships are too slow to carry large numbers of people to Mars — it takes months. However, by 2200, spaceships can travel at half the speed of light. It might take us two or three days to get to Mars! Secondly, humans need food, water and air to live on. Scientists should be able to develop plants that can be grown on Mars. These plants will produce the food and air that we need. 3 , will there be enough fresh water for all of us? There is no answer now. There is a problem for us to live on Mars. Mars pulls us much less than the Earth does. This will be dangerous because we can easily jump too high and fly slowly away into space. To prevent this, humans on Mars have to wear special shoes to make themselves 4 . Life on Mars will be better than that on Earth in many ways. People will have more space. Living in a large building with only 10 bedrooms is highly possible. People will have more 5 . With the development of science and technology, robots will do most of our work, so we can take up our hobbies. In some ways, life on Mars may not be better than that on Earth today. Food will not be the same — meals will probably be in the form (形式) of pills and will not be as delicious as they are today. Also, space travel will make many people feel 6 . The spaceship will travel fast but the journey to Mars will probably be very uncomfortable. 1．A．modern B．changeable C．surprising D．polluted 2．A．weather B．environment C．transport D．resources 3．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Instead 4．A．quicker B．taller C．heavier D．cooler 5．A．money B．work C．exercise D．time 6．A．bored B．excited C．sick D．impatient 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．C 【导语】本文畅想了未来人类火星生活的样子。 1．句意：我们的地球将变得越来越拥挤和被污染。 modern现代的；changeable可变的；surprising令人惊讶的；polluted受污染的。根据“there won’t be any fresh air or water”可知，地球遭到污染。故选D。 2．句意：首先，交通应该更好。 weather天气；environment环境；transport交通；resources资源。根据“However, by 2200, spaceships can travel at half the speed of light.”可知，本段与去往火星的交通相关。故选C。 3．句意：然而，我们是否有足够的淡水？ Besides此外；However然而；Therefore因此；Instead相反。空的前后句是转折关系，用however。故选B。 4．句意：为了防止这种情况，火星上的人类必须穿特殊的鞋子来使自己更重。 quicker更快；taller更高；heavier更重；cooler更酷，更凉爽。根据“we can easily jump too high and fly slowly away into space”可知，为了防止失重，穿这种鞋能让人更重。故选C。 5．句意：人们会有更多的时间。 money钱；work工作；exercise锻炼；time时间。根据“robots will do most of our work, so we can take up our hobbies”可知，人们不用忙于工作，会有更多时间。故选D。 6．句意：此外，太空旅行会让许多人感到恶心。 bored无聊的；excited兴奋的；sick恶心，晕机；impatient不耐烦的。根据“the journey to Mars will probably be very uncomfortable”可知，去火星的旅行会让人感到不舒服。故选C。 （22-23九年级上·上海普陀·期中）Have you ever heard of Expressive Writing? Writing about a terrible or difficult situation is called “expressive writing.” People who do this, record their deepest thoughts and feelings. Doctor Pan, leader of this study of expressive writing as a highly effective way to deal with painful experiences, says these people often show 1 mental and physical condition (状况) afterwards. Expressive writing is effective because it allows you to make sense out of an upsetting and even heart-breaking experience. As you write, you are 2 what is happening around, and accepting that something is bothering you is an important first step. Next, translating that experience into language forces you to organize your thoughts and gives you a sense of control. Thinking or talking about an event seems 3 . However, the more you think or talk about it, the more likely you will find yourself in a mess. As a result, you get completely lost in your own emotions and finally lose self-control. Writing works differently as it makes you slow down. The act of labeling a feeling of putting words to an emotion—can ease the neural (神经系统的) activities in the brain. What if you don’t consider yourself “a writer”? Don’t worry about spelling or grammar. Take it easy when you choose the words or expressions. 4 dig into your inner self. The goal of the exercise is to find meaning in an upsetting event. Many people have tried this method. After his father was rushed to the hospital because of a severe heart attack, 43-year-old Alex began to panic. So he did the one thing that would calm himself: he wrote. He thinks of it as a captain’s life buoy (救生衣). “My expressive writing gave me the 5 I need to face my fear and move on,” Alex says. There are a few who are against this approach. According to them, expressive writing isn’t a magical solution. People shouldn’t fully trust the effect of expressive writing. Neither should they think of using it to 6 other treatments. People who are faced with a serious mental disaster may not find it useful to do on their own, without medicine. 1．A．excellent B．serious C．puzzling D．frightening 2．A．recognizing B．imagining C．discussing D．influencing 3．A．difficult B．useful C．careful D．impossible 4．A．Never B．Rarely C．Only D．Nearly 5．A．rest B．knowledge C．suggestion D．courage 6．A．change B．replace C．manage D．develop 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了表达性写作。 1．句意：潘博士是这项研究的带头人，他将表达性写作作为一种处理痛苦经历的高效方法，他说这些人在经历痛苦后通常会表现出良好的精神和身体状况。 excellent极好的；serious严肃的；puzzling令人困惑的；frightening可怕的。根据“ expressive writing as a highly effective way to deal with painful experiences”可知他将表达性写作作为一种处理痛苦经历的高效方法，所以这些人在经历痛苦后通常会表现出良好的精神和身体状况。excellent符合语境，故选A。 2．句意：当你写作的时候，你会意识到周围发生了什么，接受一些事情正在困扰着你，这是重要的第一步。 recognizing识别；imagining想象；discussing讨论；influencing影响。根据“because it allows you to make sense out of an upsetting and even heart-breaking experience.”以及“As you write, you are...what is happening around”可知指的是在你写作的时候，你会意识到周围发生的事情，故选A。 3．句意：思考或谈论一个事件似乎很有用。 difficult困难的；useful有用的；careful认真的；impossible不可能的。根据“Thinking or talking about an event seems...However, the more you think or talk about it, the more likely you will find yourself in a mess.”可知思考或谈论一个事件似乎是很有用的，然而，你想得越多，谈论得越多，你就越有可能发现自己一团糟。故选B。 4．句意：只挖掘你的内在自我。 Never从不；Rarely很少；Only仅仅；Nearly几乎。根据“Don’t worry about spelling or grammar. Take it easy when you choose the words or expressions.”可知不要担心拼写或语法。当你选择单词或短语时，请放轻松，你只需要挖掘你的内在自我，从中找到意义，故选C。 5．句意：我富有表现力的写作给了我面对恐惧并继续前进的勇气。 rest休息；knowledge知识；suggestion建议；courage勇气。根据“My expressive writing gave me the...I need to face my fear and move on”可知富有表现力的写作给了作者面对恐惧并继续前进的勇气，故选D。 6．句意：他们也不应该考虑用它来取代其他疗法。 change改变；replace替换；manage管理；develop发展。根据“There are a few who are against this approach. According to them, expressive writing isn’t a magical solution. People shouldn’t fully trust the effect of expressive writing”（有一些人反对这种方法。根据他们的说法，表达性写作并不是一种神奇的解决方案。人们不应该完全相信表达性写作的效果）可知不应该考虑用它来取代其他治疗方法，故选B。 （2022·上海崇明·一模）At the scene of a crime It’s 5:30 a.m, and your phone rings. A police officer says someone broke into a store and took some expensive items. They need you right away because sometimes witnesses may be 120 while the clues(线索) at the scene will always tell the truth. It is your job to study the whole scene for clues that will help catch the thief. You are a crime scene investigator(调查员), and the game is on. Outside the store, you see a broken window, but there is no glass on the street. There are shoeprints, and marks made by a vehicles’ tires(车辆轮胎). You look at the shoeprints. They’re large, so you’re likely to 121 a man. You photograph the shoe’s pattern. This can tell you the type of shoe. You then measure the space between the shoeprints. You now know how long the person’s steps were. This gives you an idea of the 122 of the thief. As you follow the shoeprints over to the tire marks, the spaces between the steps get bigger. They lead to the passenger’s side of the vehicle. Now you know the thief probably didn’t work 123 . You photograph the tire marks. They can help you find out the type of vehicle and the direction it went. The most important clues will come from a person’s 124 . You find some fingerprints near the broken window. Using a computer, you can match them with millions of others. You also find a hair at the scene. You keep it, because you know hair contains a person’s DNA．You can 125 this with other people’s DNA．If you find a match for the fingerprint or the DNA, you will know who was in the store. Will you find the thief? You now have a lot of information, so it’s possible. For a crime scene investigator, it’s all in a day’s work. 1．A．dishonest B．polite C．excited D．nervous 2．A．depend on B．keep off C．wait for D．look for 3．A．address B．height C．clothes D．education 4．A．hard B．gently C．alone D．rarely 5．A．sense B．response C．impression D．body 6．A．compare B．compete C．support D．share 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 【分析】文章讲述了犯罪现场调查员一天的工作。 1．句意：他们需要你，因为有时目击者可能会紧张，而现场的线索总是会说出真相。 dishonest不诚实的；polite礼貌的；excited兴奋的；nervous紧张的。主语为witnesses“目击者”，根据题目可知是“At the scene of a crime”即犯罪现场的目击者，由常识推出情绪是紧张的。故选D。 2．句意：你在找鞋印。 depend on依赖，依靠；取决于；keep off远离；wait for等待；look for寻找。根据后文“They’re large, so you’re likely to look for a man.”可知找到鞋印就可以锁定人物身份。故选D。 3．句意：这让你知道小偷的身高。 address地址；height高度；clothes衣服；education教育。根据前一句“You now know how long the person’s steps were.”可知从脚步的长度可以推出身高。故选B。 4．句意：现在你知道小偷可能不是一个人干的。 hard困难地；gently温柔地；alone独自；rarely很少地。根据“the spaces between the steps get bigger. They lead to the passenger’s side of the vehicle. ”可知台阶之间的距离会变大，通向车辆的乘客一侧。由此推知可能不是一个人。故选C。 5．句意：最重要的线索来自一个人的身体。 sense感觉；response反应；impression印象；body身体。根据下文“You find some fingerprints near the broken window...You also find a hair at the scene.”可知头发和指纹都是身体的一部分。故选D。 6．句意：你可以将其与其他人的DNA进行比较。 compare比较；compete竞争；support支持；share分享。根据“If you find a match for the fingerprint or the DNA, you will know who was in the store.”可知如果你找到指纹或DNA的匹配项，你就会知道谁在店里。compare A with B“比较A和B”。故选A。 （2022·上海静安·一模）(T=Teacher, C=Charles, J=Joan) T: OK, everyone. It’s time for our class meeting. Today Charles and Joan are going to 126 about inventions. Charles, let’s start with you. C: Thank you, Mr Black. I think that scientists should 127 increase the number of new inventions. Inventions help us live better and longer. Think about all the inventions that save lives like X-rays and machine to start hearts when they stop. I believe new inventions will be good for us in the future. T: Joan, your opinion? J: I don’t agree. In my opinion, scientists need to 128 the number of new inventions. Technology is nothing bad and we do need new inventions. But having more inventions may not be good. Some inventions such as nuclear power（核能）even bring serious problems. C: But nuclear power provides us with cheap energy. J: Although it is cheap, lots of people are thinking about its 129 . There were dangerous accidents in Japan in 2011. C: I disagree. What about cars? There’s some danger too. Should we not use them just because car accidents happen every day? Cars make our life 130 , don’t you agree? J: I don’t think so. Just look at traffic jams. We waste so much time on the road because there are too many cars. 131 , all those cars make the air every polluted. C: And this is why we need more new inventions. I know some new cars are environmentally friendly. I believe they will help to solve some of the pollution problems. T: All right. Class, let’s discuss it together. Who do you agree with? 1．A．ask B．read C．argue D．teach 2．A．quickly B．hardly C．suddenly D．probably 3．A．write B．count C．calculate D．reduce 4．A．safety B．use C．value D．advantage 5．A．busier B．easier C．poorer D．healthier 6．A．As a result B．In the end C．For example D．What’s more 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．D 【分析】本文是两名学生就是否要增加发明创造进行的辩论。 1．句意：今天查尔斯和琼要就发明创造进行辩论。 ask问；read读；argue争论，辩论；teach教。根据后文内容可知，两个学生在进行辩论，argue about...“为……辩论”。故选C。 2．句意： 我认为科学家应该迅速增加新发明的数量。 quickly快速地；hardly几乎不；suddenly突然；probably可能。根据“scientists should...increase the number of new inventions. Inventions help us...”可知，查尔斯认为发明对人们有帮助，因此发明的数量应迅速增加。故选A。 3．句意：在我看来，科学家需要减少新发明的数量。 write写；count数数；calculate计算；reduce减少。根据“But having more inventions may not be good.”可知，琼认为更多的发明并不是一件好事，因此应该减少新发明的数量。故选D。 4．句意：虽然它很便宜，但很多人都在考虑它的安全性。 safety安全；use使用；value价值；advantage优势。根据“There were dangerous accidents in Japan in 2011.”可知，琼认为核能不安全。故选A。 5．句意：汽车让我们的生活更轻松，你不同意吗？ busier更忙碌；easier更容易，更轻松；poorer更贫困；healthier更健康。根据“Should we not use them just because car accidents happen every day?”可知，查尔斯认为，尽管汽车不是绝对安全的，但我们仍然使用汽车，因为它让生活更轻松。故选B。 6．句意：此外，所有这些汽车都污染了空气。 As a result结果；In the end最后；For example例如；What’s more此外。根据“We waste so much time on the road because there are too many cars...all those cars make the air every polluted.”可知，后一句承接前一句，进一步讲使用汽车的缺点，所以空处用What’s more符合语境。故选D。 （2022·上海杨浦·一模）Looking back to when I was younger in the 1980s, I can remember dreaming of two inventions that I thought would change my world but were probably not likely to happen in my lifetime. One was a tiny 1 that I could carry around in my pocket and film moments whenever I had the opportunity. The other was something I could use to see and speak to people miles away. It is unbelievable that during my adult life these two dreams have become a reality. And not even two separate inventions. Just one phone, small enough to keep in my pocket so that I 2 know it’s there. I can video call or chat to friends and relatives, catch up with the latest news,  watch videos of my favourite bands, check the weather forecast or send messages. I can shop as much as I want and even take a course in any subject I want ... the 3 goes on. Along with the Internet, the mobile phone must be the biggest change in technology ever. So why do many of us feel a little 4 how much time we spend on the phone in our lives? It’s puzzling that the opportunities it has offered us for communication seem to have 5 the time we actually spend talking to each other. We are all used to seeing friends and families who are always looking at their screens and taking very little notice of those around them. The mobile phone is here to stay and we have to find a way of dealing with the problems it might create. I believe these are challenges we have to solve independently rather than 6 something or someone else to come to our rescue. It’s up to use to be careful about the time we spend online and remember that it’s good to talk with those sitting nearby. We can still feel amazed to have such a powerful piece of technology available when we need it. 1．A．radio B．DVD-ROM C．TV set D．video camera 2．A．especially B．hardly C．immediately D．accurately 3．A．list B．legend C．sale D．memory 4．A．sorry for B．worried about C．unaware of D．wrong with 5．A．changed B．linked C．increased D．limited 6．A．advising B．warning C．expecting D．allowing 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。描述了现代人沉迷于手机沟通而忽略了身边人这一令人担忧的现象，并指出想要改变这种情况只能依靠自己。 1．句意：其中一个发明是一个能够装进口袋里的小型摄像机。 radio录音机；DVD-ROM光盘；TV set电视机；video camera摄像机。根据后文“film moments whenever I had the opportunity”可知是一种能够拍摄影片的机器，推测是摄像机，故选D。 2．句意：仅仅一个手机，足够地小能够装进口袋里，因此我几乎感觉不到它的存在。 especially尤其；hardly几乎不；immediately立即；accurately精确地。结合前文“small enough to keep in my pocket”可知手机足够地小，放在口袋里几乎感觉不到。故选B。 3．句意：手机能做的事情不胜枚举。 list清单；legend传说；sale出售；memory记忆。根据前文可知，作者在列举手机能做的诸多事情，而本句前的省略号表示手机的用处还有很多，故选A。 4．句意：生活中，为什么我们当中的许多人对于我们在手机上花费的时间感到担忧呢？ sorry for对……感到遗憾；worried about担忧；unaware of对……无意识；wrong with出故障。结合后文“We are all used to…around them.”可知沉迷手机是一件令人担忧的事情，故选B。 5．句意：令人费解的是，手机提供给我们的沟通机会似乎限制了我们实际和彼此交谈花费的时间。 changed改变；linked联系；increase增加；limited限制。结合后文“We are all used to seeing friends and families who are always looking at their screens and taking very little notice of those around them.”可知我们关注屏幕而忽视了周围的朋友、家人。故选D。 6．句意：我相信这些挑战我们必须独立解决，而不是期待别的人或物来拯救我们。 advising建议；warning警告；expecting期待；allowing允许。结合后文“it’s good to talk with those sitting nearby.”可知，要解决问题不能期待别人，要靠自己来改变使用手机的习惯。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$