内容正文:
学
高 中 英 语 必 修 第三册 (外研版) 精编版
Section Ⅳ Developing ideas
文 脉 梳 理
Franklin蒺s Experiment: How Much Is True
的 语 篇 类 型 为 论 说 文 , 介 绍 了 人 们 对
Franklin
著名的风筝实验真实性的怀疑和求
证, 指出在科学领域, 能被实验与研究所证
明的东西才算作事实, 文章求证的过程中体
现了科学思想与科学探索精神。
结合文章内容, 回答以下问题。
1. What does the passage want to prove?
2. Why has Franklin蒺s lightening experiment
been taught at school?
3. In which aspect was Franklin蒺s experiment
not true?
4. Why do scientists often question accepted
ideas?
5. What conclusion can we learn from the pas鄄
sage?
重 点 知 识
1. attach...to...
(
1
)
attach...to...
表示 “把……固定
/
附在……
上”。
A metal key was attached to the string.
把金属钥匙固定在绳子上。
(
2
)
attach importance / significance to
表 示
“重视 ……; 认为……重要”。
My parents always attach great impor鄄
tance to my study.
我的父母总是十分重
视我的学习。
(
3
)
be attached to sb./sth.
表示 “喜欢
/
依恋
某人
/
某物”。
He is very attached to his parents.
他非
常依恋他的父母。
(
4
)
be attached to sth.
表示 “附属于 (某较
大的机构)”。
学习目标
1.
通过阅读和完成活动, 了解科学精神的内涵。
2.
培养批判性思维, 形成初步的科学思想和科学探索精神。
必备
知识
单词
declaration experiment metal attach flash conduct entirely account procedure
短语
apart from be attached to tie...to electric shock take place along with die from fly a
kite establish the truth come up with
关键能力 读
40
Unit 3 The world of science
学
At one time this hospital was attached to
that university.
从前, 这医院附属于那所
大学。
誅
牛刀小试
① her family and friends.
她非常依恋她的家人和朋友。
② the medical college
nearby.
这家医院附属于附近的那所医学院。
③The government has always
protecting the traditional culture.
政
府一直非常重视保护传统文化。
2.
主谓一致
(
1
)
more than one
意为 “不止一个”。 课文
中共出现三处:
More than one generation of schoolchil鄄
dren has been amazed by his bravery
and...
...more than one scientist has questioned
what really happened.
In fact, more than one account suggests
that...
观察可知, 这个短语的中心词为
one
,
为单数形式, 所以它的谓语动词的单复
数要从形式一致角度考虑 , 通常用单
数, 即 “语法一致原则”。
(
2
)
along with
意为 “和……一起”。
Franklin, along with many other scien鄄
tists, has inspired us and...
这一短语放在主语之后, 谓语动词一般
与其前面的主语在数上保持一致, 也称
“就远原则 ” , 类似用法的短语还有
apart from
(此外 , 除了 )
, besides, in
addition to, as well as
等。
(
3
)
neither...nor...
意为 “既不……也不……”。
Neither you nor he has finished the task.
在这个句子里, 谓语动词的人称和数由
靠近它的主语决定, 也称 “就近原则”,
类似用法的短语还有
either...or..., whether...
or..., not...but...
等。
(
4
) 在有些句子中, 有时主语形式上是单数,
但表达复数意义 , 谓语动词用复数形
式; 有时主语形式上是复数, 但表达单
数意义, 谓语动词用单数形式, 即遵循
“意义一致原则”。
My family are football fans.
My family has moved three times.
誅
牛刀小试
①More than one person
(
be
)
ab鄄
sent yesterday.
② I, along with my friends,
(
be
)
having a good time today.
③Neither the teacher nor the students
(
be
)
going to Huashan.
④My team
(
be
)
watching TV at 7
o蒺clock.
3. account n./v.
(
1
)
account
作动词, 表示 “认为是, 视为”。
The event was accounted a success.
人们
认为这次活动是成功的。
(
2
)
account
作名词, 常见两层含义:
①
账户:
I don蒺t have a bank account.
我没有
银行账户。
②
描述, 叙述:
She gave the police a full ac鄄
count of the incident.
她向警方详尽叙述了
所发生的事。
拓展: 与
account
相关的短语
41
学
高 中 英 语 必 修 第三册 (外研版) 精编版
on account of
因为, 由于
take...into account
考虑到, 顾及
on no account
绝不
give an account of
描述; 报告
account for
解释, 说明; 对……负责; (数
量、 比例上) 占
誅
牛刀小试
①Girls in this school account for 66%.
②Bill cannot come to the meeting on account
of illness.
③On no account should you leave the door
unlocked.
④I would appreciate it if you could take my
application into account.
⑤The president must account for his govern鄄
ment蒺s reforms.
4. die of/die from
(
1
)
die of
表示 “死于疾病, 过度悲伤等强
烈感受”, 死因在于人体自身。
The old man died of cancer 5 years ago.
那位老人五年前死于癌症。
(
2
)
die from
表示 “死于某种外部原因 ”,
死因由环境造成。
The old man died from a car accident 5
years ago.
那位老人五年前死于一场
车祸。
誅
牛刀小试
①Doing nothing means that some deer will
hunger and illness.
②Worldwide, 7.2 million people car
accidents every year.
5. more...than
(
1
)
more...than
用于表示 “比……更”, 其前
面可以用
a lot, much, far
等修饰。
Sound travels much more slowly than light.
(
2
)
more...than
还可以表示 “与其说……
不如说……”。
He is more intelligent than aggressive.
与
其说他言语放肆, 不如说他聪颖过人。
(
3
)
more...than
的否定结构有两种:
① no more...than
相当于
neither...nor...
表示
“两者都不”。
John is no more diligent than Tom.
约翰和
汤姆一样不勤奋。
②not more...than
相当于
not so...as
表示 “不
如……”, 用于两事物之间的比较。
This film is not more moving than that one.
这部电影不如那部感人。
誅
牛刀小试
①Plan A is practical than Plan B. A
计划并不比
B
计划更切实可行。
② that middle鄄aged man.
You should take care.
你和那个中年人一
样不怎么健康。 你应该注意了。
42
Unit 3 The world of science
学
参 考 译 文
富兰克林的实验: 有多少是真的?
本杰明·富兰克林关于闪电的著名实验已
引领一代又一代的儿童迈入科学世界。 然而,
新的研究显示, 这个故事可能是虚构的, 而
并非事实。
这一广为人知的故事讲述了这位美国开
国元勋和科学家在
1752
年的一场暴风雨中放
风筝的经历。 那时, 不少人对电感兴趣。 人
们想知道闪电是否真的由电产生, 还是另有
源头。 富兰克林就是其中之一。 他在风筝上
系了一根细绳, 把风筝放上天, 细绳上绑着
一把金属钥匙。 闪电击中风筝, 电流通过绳
子传到钥匙上, 富兰克林随即用手指触碰钥
匙, 感受到了电击。 他说, 这一实验证明了
闪电是电的一种形式。
许多年来, 富兰克林闪电实验的故事一
直是学校的教学内容之一。 数代学生都叹服
于富兰克林的勇气与追寻真理时采用的科学
手段。 富兰克林与许多其他科学家一道, 激
励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动
科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。
然而, 不管是故事本身还是实验细节都
并非完全属实。 虽然已证实富兰克林的这一
实验确有其事, 不少科学家还是对事实真相
提出了质疑。 使用细绳和钥匙这一细节是真
实的, 但科学家们一致认为, 如果富兰克林
真的碰到了钥匙, 他必定会被电死。
科学家们常常对已被人们接受的观点提
出质疑, 以求证事实。 一些科学家甚至也怀
疑过牛顿的故事: 一个苹果掉下来砸中了牛
顿的脑袋, 促使他提出了万有引力定律。 事
实上, 不止一处资料显示, 虽然牛顿的灵感
确实来源于掉落的苹果, 但没有证据表明这
个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
诚然, 虚构常常比事实更为有趣。 人们
更多是为富兰克林的科学探索精神所激励,
而非事实本身。 但在科学领域, 能被实验与
研究所证明的东西才算作事实, 我们不应全
盘相信我们读到或听到的事——即使它是一
个精彩的故事。
43
学
高 中 英 语 必 修 第三册 (外研版) 精编版
Section Ⅴ Presenting ideas
例 文 鉴 赏
完成
Activity 5,
了解实验过程, 实验报
告的文体特点、 结构和写法。
Activity 6
介
绍了实验报告的基本框架, 实验报告属于说
明文, 主要用来说明实验的目的、 过程以及
实验的结果。 全文可以分为三个部分, 首先
说明实验的目的; 然后说明实验所需要的实
验器材、 所采用的方法, 实验具体过程以及
实验所得到的结果; 最后根据实验的情况得
出相应的结论。 请思考用什么句式可以表达
以下内容:
学习目标
1.
了解物理实验的实验过程、 实验报告的文体特点和写法。
2.
说明科技发展对人类生活的影响并预测未来
50
年人类生活的变化。
必备
知识
单词
procedure
短语
pour into under the instructions of
关键能力 写
Introduction
(
aim
)
Main body
(
materials & procedure
)
Conclusion
参 考 译 文
在文中画出表达目的、 材料、 步骤以及
结论的句子。
The experiment is designed to prove whe鄄
ther air pressure really exists.
At the beginning of the experiment, I pre鄄
pared the materials, including a boiled egg, a
glass bottle whose neck is a bit smaller than
the egg, and some hot water. With all the things
prepared, the experiment began.
First, I removed the shell of the egg. Then,
I carefully poured some hot water into the bot鄄
tle, and shook the bottle gently. After a few
minutes, I poured out the hot water. Just at the
same time, I quickly placed the egg on top of
the bottle. To my amazement, the egg squeezed
into the bottle at once.
After the experiment, I can draw the con鄄
clusion that air pressure indeed exists, and it is
very powerful. It is the force of the air that
pushed the egg into the bottle.
44
参 考 答 案
Unit 4 Amazing art
sicist
植物学家; 医师; 航天员; 生物学家; 农学家
精听练习
1. socks 2. ordinary 3. fair 4. come up with 5.
grandfather 6. gets lost 7. a whole day 8. leaving 9.
keep an eye on 10. find a solution 11. floor 12. device
13. sense 14. drawing 15. power 16. coin 17.
sensed 18. increase 19. warning 20. mobile phone
21. staying up 22. caring
Section Ⅳ Developing ideas
文脉梳理
1. Franklin蒺s famous story of experiment with lightening
may be fiction instead of fact.
2. It has been taught to inspire students to learn from
his bravery and teach students the importance of scientific
experiments.
3. His story and the details of the experiment.
4. They desire to establish facts.
5. We should not always believe everything we read
or hear, even if it is a great story.
重点知识
1. ① She is very attached to ② This hospital is
attached to ③attached great importance to
2. ①was ②am ③are ④were
3. ①
(数量、 比例上) 占
②
因为, 由于
③
绝不
④
考虑到, 顾及
⑤
对……负责
4. ①die of ②die from
5. ①not more ②You are no healthier than
Section Ⅴ Presenting ideas
例文鉴赏
This experiment is designed to...
I prepared...to do this experiment.
After the experiment, I can draw the conclusion that...
Section Ⅰ Starting out
精听练习
1. birthplace 2. history 3. treasures 4. painting
5. sculpture 6. fashion 7. recent 8. collections 9.
check out 10. head to 11. exciting 12. original 13.
taste 14. mixture 15. centre 16. contemporary 17.
exhibitions 18. galleries
Section Ⅱ Understanding
ideas
文脉梳理
1. largest 2. missing 3. is being folded 4. is made
of 5. expected/you would expect 6. a mind of her own
7. take a selfie 8. subscribe
品鉴语言
1. most amazing treasures 2. Here we go 3. get a
load of 4. flown down out of the sky 5. are missing 6.
holding her arms up high 7. is being folded by the wind
8. 蒺s made of stone 9. just incredible 10. 蒺m being
pushed around quite a bit 11. coming up 12. the one
and only 13. a lot smaller 14. get a good view 15.
look into her eyes 16. has a mind of her own 17. but
then again 18. catch a sense of sadness 19. get up close
and personal with 20. self鄄portrait 21. taking a 17th鄄
century selfie 22. pay for a model 23. are currently
being displayed 24. take a lifetime 25. great works of
art 26. reach out to us across the centuries 27. time
itself were nothing 28. By the way 29. live broadcast
30. subscribe
重点知识
1. ①a ② loads ③ took a load off my mind ④
loaded onto the truck
2. ①like ②as if you had a bad sleep ③to know
④It sounds as if/like
3. ①He reached inside the bag for the pen. ②reach
the light switch
Section Ⅲ Using language
重点语法
① is being built ② are being protected ③ being
scolded ④is being held ⑤is being taken ⑥are wanted
话题词块
(
1
)
paper cutting a traditional decorative folk art
make the shape out of paper with scissors originally put
on windows for decoration
(
2
)
calligraphy seal cutting Chinese character
four treasures of the study
(
3
)
embroidery needle and thread the four major
regional styles of Chinese embroidery Chinese Intangible
Cultural Heritage beautiful patterns
重点知识
①he lacks confidence ② a lack of confidence; for
lack of ③is lacking in ④For lack of enough training
⑤ Lacking enough training ⑥Because we lack enough
training
65