必修第三册 Unit 3 The world of science（配套练习Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（外研版）

**基本信息** 聚焦科学主题，整合阅读、语法、写作模块，通过题型分类解析与语境化应用，系统培养语言理解、逻辑分析及规范表达能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|----|----|----| |阅读理解|2篇（科技说明文+议论文）|细节题定位原文、推理题归纳主旨、猜词题语境分析、标题题抓核心|从具体科技成果（F-TAC Hand）到科学方法论（假设错误），构建“现象-原理-应用”认知链条| |语法填空|1篇（中国防沙成就）|时态呼应时间状语、非谓语表主动/被动、定语从句定位关系词|以环保话题为载体，串联动词时态、非谓语、从句等语法点在语境中的应用规则| |应用文写作|1篇（农场研学邀请信）|结构“邀请-安排-注意事项”、句式拓展（非限制性定语从句）|遵循“审题-谋篇-表达”流程，培养跨文化交际中的规范书面表达能力|

课时冲关15　Unit 3　The world of science Ⅰ.阅读理解A 体裁：说明文 话题：F­TAC Hand机器人手 Scientists from China have created a truly remarkable robot hand! Named the “F­TAC Hand”， it was developed by researchers from Peking University and the Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence, and their exciting work was just published in the famous science journal Nature Machine Intelligence on June 9th, 2025. What makes this robotic hand so special? It can feel and adjust its grip just like a human hand can. Imagine trying to pick up a ping­pong ball with just your little finger, or holding both a baseball and a golf ball in one hand without dropping them. The F­TAC Hand can do these things! If it picks up a cup full of water, it automatically adjusts its hold to keep the cup steady and prevent spills－reacting faster than you can blink. The secret lies in its amazing touch sensors. Covering 70% of the hand's surface, these tiny sensors－packed as densely(密集地) as 10,000 per square centimeter－let the hand feel textures, pressure, and any tiny movement of the object it's holding. Crucially, these sensors are built right into the hand's structure, so they don't make the hand stiff or clumsy. A smart computer program uses this constant touch feedback to instantly decide the best way to grip different objects, just like our brains tell our hands what to do. Beyond its amazing ability to mimic human touch, the F­TAC Hand also brings practical solutions to real­world problems in robotics. It's inspired by how our own hands and nerves work. The F­TAC Hand isn't just cool science; it has real uses. It could lead to much better prosthetic limbs, help robots perform delicate surgery, work safely in dangerous places like nuclear plants, or handle complex jobs in factories. Made possible partly by China's powerful “Peng Cheng Cloud Brain Ⅱ”， this “hand of touch intelligence” is a big step forward for China in robotics and AI. Experts believe it brings us closer to robots that can truly understand and interact with the physical world around them. The future of robots just got a lot more skillful! [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国研发F­TAC Hand机器人手，仿人触觉强且应用前景广。 1．What is TRUE about the F­TAC Hand when grasping objects? A．It can adjust its grip to prevent spills from a full cup of water. B．It must use the entire hand to pick up a ping­pong ball. C．It reacts more slowly than a human blink when picking up items. D．It cannot grasp objects of different sizes at the same time. 解析：A　[细节理解题。根据第二段“If it picks up a cup full of water, it automatically adjusts its hold to keep the cup steady and prevent spills－reacting faster than you can blink.(如果它拿起一杯水，它会自动调整手部的力度，以保持杯子稳定并防止水洒出——其反应速度甚至快于你眨眼的频率。)”可知， “F­TAC Hand在抓取物时能够调整其握持力度，以防止装满水的杯子出现溢出的情况”正确。] 2．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．Each sensor covers an area of 10,000 square centimeters. B．The sensors are integrated into the hand's structure to keep it stiff. C．The AI program makes decisions delayed based on touch feedback. D．The AI program uses real­time touch feedback to control the grip. 解析：D　[细节理解题。根据第三段“A smart computer program uses this constant touch feedback to instantly decide the best way to grip different objects, just like our brains tell our hands what to do.(一个智能的计算机程序会利用这种持续的触觉反馈信息，迅速确定握住不同物体的最佳方式，就像我们的大脑会指挥我们的手去做相应动作一样。)”可知，该人工智能程序利用实时触觉反馈来控制抓握力度。] 3．What does the underlined phrase “mimic” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Imitate.　　　　　B．Replace. C．Simplify. D．Enhance. 解析：A　[词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“It's inspired by how our own hands and nerves work.(它的设计灵感来源于我们自身的手和神经的工作方式。)”以及“human touch(人类触感)”可知，机器人的设计灵感来源于我们自身的手和神经的工作方式，即模仿了人类触感的能力。故划线词意思是“模仿”。] 4．What is the main purpose of the author in writing this passage? A．To introduce the development history of robotic hands. B．To compare the F­TAC Hand with other robotic hands. C．To criticize the limitations of previous robotic hands. D．To highlight the features and applications of the F­TAC Hand. 解析：D　[推理判断题。通读全文可知，二至三段围绕F­TAC Hand机器人手的“特性”(如传感器、抓握能力)，第四段围绕它的“应用”(假肢、手术等)展开。由此推知，作者写作本文的目的是突出F­TAC Hand的特性与应用。] 阅读理解B 体裁：议论文 话题：科学研究中“假设你是错的” At a conference last week, I received an interesting piece of advice：“Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a fellow psychology professor. He wasn't objecting to any particular claim I'd made－he was offering a strategy for pursuing better science, and for encouraging others to do the same. To understand the context for Nosek's advice, we need to take a step back－to the nature of science itself. Despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories change, so do scientific methods. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks, and for scientific arguments to develop into personal battles. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to be viewed as a helpful pointer, a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong－a goal that your critic probably shares. Nosek's advice may sound pessimistic, but it's not so foreign to science. Philosophers of science sometimes refer to the “pessimistic metainduction(元归纳)” on the history of science: All of our past scientific theories have been wrong, so surely our current theories will turn out to be wrong, too. That doesn't mean we haven't made progress, but it does indicate that there is always room for improvement－ways to be less wrong. I like the advice because it builds in an awareness of our limitations and a readiness to accept the unknown (“there are things I do not know！”) along with a sense that we can do better (“there are things I do not know yet！”). It also builds in a sense of community－we're all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Perhaps the focus on a shared goal－our goal as scientists and humans of being less wrong－can help make up for any harm in scientific motivation or communication. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了作者对在科学研究中“假设你是错的”这条建议的看法，并肯定了它所带来的好处。 5．Why did Nosek send the advice? A．To express opinions about my claims. B．To remind me to be open to criticism. C．To encourage me to take up science. D．To better my understanding of psychology. 解析：B　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He wasn't objecting to any particular claim I'd made－he was offering a strategy for pursuing better science, and for encouraging others to do the same.(他并没有反对我的任何特定主张——他提出了一个追求更好科学的策略，并鼓励其他人也这样做。)”和第三段中的“Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to be viewed as a helpful pointer, a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong－a goal that your critic probably shares.(相反，从你错了的假设开始，批评更容易被视为一个有用的提示，一个如何减少错误的建设性建议——这是你的批评者可能也有的同样目标。)”可知，Nosek提出的这条建议是一个追求更好科学的策略，从假设自己错了开始，就会更容易接受批评，让自己减少错误，由此可推测出，Nosek提出这条建议是为了提醒作者对批评持开放态度。] 6．How does assuming you are wrong help? A．It motivates scientists to make efforts. B．It addresses personal attacks and conflicts. C．It sets a constructive improvement goal. D．It contributes to a deeper insight into yourself. 解析：C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to be viewed as a helpful pointer, a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong－a goal that your critic probably shares.(相反，从你错了的假设开始，批评更容易被视为一个有用的提示，一个如何减少错误的建设性建议——这是你的批评者可能也有的同样目标。)”可知，假设你错了可以帮助你获得如何减少错误的建设性建议，而减少错误或许是你和你的批评者的共同目标，由此可推测出，假设你错了可以帮助设立一个建设性的改进目标。] 7．What does the author think of science theories? A．Dynamic.　　　　B．Testable. C．Pioneering. D．Wellestablished. 解析：A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Just as scientific theories change, so do scientific methods.(正如科学理论在变化，科学方法也在变化。)”可知，作者认为科学理论是变化的、动态的。] 8．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Accept the Unknown B．Aim to Be Less Wrong C．Get Engaged in Psychology D．Dig into the Nature of Science 解析：B　[标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句“At a conference last week, I received an interesting piece of advice: ‘Assume you are wrong.’(在上周的一次会议上，我收到了一条有趣的建议：‘假设你错了。’)”和最后一段最后一句“Perhaps the focus on a shared goal－our goal as scientists and humans of being less wrong－can help make up for any harm in scientific motivation or communication.(也许关注一个共同的目标——我们作为科学家和人类的目标是减少错误——可以帮助弥补科学动机或沟通中的任何伤害。)”可知，本文主要讨论了在科学研究中“假设你是错的”这个方法，它有助于让所有人关注减少错误这一共同目标，从而让科学取得进步，由此可推测出，B项“力求减少错误”最适合作本文标题。] Ⅱ.语法填空 体裁：说明文 话题：中国在防治荒漠化方面措施和成就 Desertification is a critical environmental concern. China 1.________ (make) sustained efforts to battle against desertification in the past 40 years. From encouraging public participation to adopting policy measures, the country has taken effective and practical steps to control desertification, 2._________ (transform) poor soil into forests and grasslands－a practice now seen as essential for global ecological 3._________ (preserve)． China appointed March 12 as National Tree Planting Day in 1979, and Chinese citizens 4.________ (voluntary) planted approximately 78.1 billion trees between 1982 and 2021 across the vast country. The government has also launched various greening projects, targeting areas 5.________ deserts have threatened the local ecological environment and narrowed people's living space. The Three­North Shelterbelt Forest Program (TSFP), 6.________ large­scale afforestation project, is a systematic approach praised by scientists worldwide. Launched in 1978 and scheduled 7.________ (complete) in 2050, it has effectively limited the expansion of desertification and become a “green Great Wall” which prevents sandstorms. The project has been acknowledged 8.________ a successful example of global ecological governance. In addition, China has actively conducted exchanges and cooperation with Belt and Road countries, sharing 9.________ (innovate) technologies for desert control. Moving forward, the 10.________ (world) second­largest economy remains determined to carve out an eco­friendly path for global green development, proving that environmental efforts deserve global attention. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国在防治荒漠化方面所采取的一系列措施、取得的成果以及在全球生态治理中的贡献。 1．has made　[考查时态。句意：在过去40年里，中国在防治荒漠化方面做出了持续努力。in the past 40 years是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，强调从过去持续到现在的动作，且主语China为单数，完成时应用has。故填has made。] 2．transforming　[考查非谓语动词。句意：从鼓励公众参与到采取政策措施，这个国家已采取有效且切实的措施来控制荒漠化，将贫瘠的土壤变为森林和草原 —— 这一做法如今被视为全球生态保护的关键。句中已有谓语动词has taken，transform和主语the country是主动关系，所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填transforming。] 3．preservation　[考查名词。句意同上。根据global ecological可知，此处需要名词形式，ecological preservation表示“生态保护”，符合语境。故填preservation。] 4．voluntarily　[考查副词。句意：1979年，中国将3月12日定为植树节，1982年至2021年间，中国公民在这片广袤的土地上自愿种植了约781亿棵树。此处修饰动词planted，要用副词形式。故填voluntarily。] 5．where　[考查定语从句。句意：政府还启动了各种绿化项目，目标是那些沙漠威胁当地生态环境并压缩人们生存空间的地区。此处为定语从句，先行词是areas，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。] 6．a　[考查冠词。句意：三北防护林工程，一个大规模的植树造林项目，是一种受到全世界科学家赞扬的系统性方法。此处表示泛指“一个大规模的植树造林项目”，所以用不定冠词，且large­scale以辅音音素开头。故填a。] 7．to be completed　[考查非谓语动词。句意：该工程于1978年启动，计划于2050年完成，它有效地遏制了荒漠化的扩张，成为了一道抵御沙尘暴的“绿色长城”。be scheduled to do sth.表示“计划做某事”，The Three­North Shelterbelt Forest Program与complete是被动关系，所以用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be completed。] 8．as　[考查介词。句意：该项目被公认为是全球生态治理的成功范例。be acknowledged as是固定搭配，意为“被认为是……”，故填as。] 9．innovative　[考查形容词。句意：此外，中国积极与“一带一路”国家开展交流与合作，分享治沙的创新技术。此处修饰名词technologies，要用形容词形式，innovative表示“创新的”。故填innovative。] 10．world's　[考查名词所有格。句意：展望未来，这个世界第二大经济体将继续坚定地走一条有利于生态环境的道路，推动全球绿色发展，证明环保努力值得全球关注。根据语境可知，此处表示“世界的”，要用名词所有格形式修饰后面的second­largest economy。故填world's。] Ⅲ.应用文写作(邀请信)◄ 假定你是李华，你班计划在周末组织农场研学(agritourism)，请给你的外教Chris写封邮件邀请他参加，内容包括： 1．活动时间和内容； 2．注意事项。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。 Dear Chris, ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua [审题谋篇] 明确体 裁话题 邀请信；周末组织农场研学 确定时 态人称 一般将来时为主；第一人称为主 布局文 章结构 首段：提出邀请 中段：周末组织农场研学具体安排 尾段：期待回复 [参考范文] Dear_Chris， How is everything going recently? I'm writing to invite you to join us in an exciting agritourism this Saturday, which promises to be both educational and enjoyable. As scheduled, we will gather at school gate at 8：00 a. m. and depart promptly at 8：30 a．m. by bus. This agritourism covers a wide range of agricultural activities, ranging from visiting a workshop on organic farming to enjoying a farmtotable meal. You can not only gain much hands­on experience in planting, harvesting, as well as interacting with farm animals, but also exploring the natural surroundings. Remember to wear casual clothes and hats for outdoor activities, and to protect the environment, we encourage everyone to bring reusable water bottles and minimize waste. Your participation will be highly expected and we're all looking forward to your favorable reply. Yours， Li_Hua [日积月累]　1.词汇积累 ①准时：promptly→punctually/on_time ②获得：gain→attain_ ③探索：explore→probe ④盼望：look_forward_to→anticipate 2．句式拓展 原句：This agritourism covers a wide range of agricultural activities, ranging from visiting a workshop on organic farming to enjoying a farmtotable meal. 拓展句：This agritourism covers a wide range of agricultural activities, which_range_from_visiting a workshop on organic farming to enjoying a farmtotable meal. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $