语法专题二 定语从句基本用法 导学案 -2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

( 定语从句基本用法 专题二 ) ( 专题解读 ) 考点分布 备考指南 定语从句的判定与翻译 在理解的基础上掌握定语从句的概念及结构，明确定语从句在语法填空、短文改错中的考查方式和重难点，并能够在遇到一个句子的时候准确分析和判定，提高长难句分析能力，加深对文章的理解。 定语从句关系代词、关系副词的用法 词性转化与固定搭配 句子结构分析与文章理解 理解并分析文章中出现的定语从句。 ( 知识图谱 ) ( 知识清单 ) ( 必备词汇 ) ( 2 ) 定语从句基本用法 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 show n.&v.表演；展示 price n.价格 come vi.来 plan n.&v.计划 talk vi.谈论；讨论 art n.艺术；美术 history n.历史 break v.打破 finish v.完成 different adj.不同的 choose v.选择 leaf n.叶子 leaves(pl.) music n.音乐 singer n.歌手 print v.打印 connect v.连接；联系 use vt.&n.使用 kind ①n.种类②adj.友好的；善良的 buy vt.买 call v.打电话；叫 ( 语法详解之定语从句基本用法 ) 一、定语从句的概念 1.结合句子分类的知识理解从句概念。 简单句：只有一套主谓结构的句子。如He is a student; He likes English. 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连接而成的句子。如：He is a student and he likes English. 复合句：复合句又称从句，由从属连词连接的两个及其以上的句子。He is a student who likes English. 2.定语从句的概念 在一个复合句中，对一个名词或代词起修饰限定作用的从句就是定语从句。 如：I like to have friends who are different from me. 3.定语从句的构成 关系词：引导从句的词，在这个句子中who用来引导从句，所以who是关系词。在定语从句中，常用的关系词除了who之外，还有that, which, when等。 关系词在定语从句中有三层所用：1.引导从句；2.在从句中充当成分；3.指代先行词。 从句：由关系词所引导的句子，就是从句，所以who are different from me.是从句。 先行词：定语从句所修饰限定的词， who are different from me.是对前面friends的修饰限定，所以friends就是先行词。 ( 典型例题 ) 在充分理解了定语从句的基本概念和构成之后，咱们分析一下下面的句子，看是否能够准确判定出从句。 1) This is the bag that my mother bought yesterday. 2) The man who lives next to us is my English teacher. 3) The girl who you saw in the street is Mary. 4) This is the factory which a lot of students visited yesterday 通过上面的练习，同学们是否能够总结出定语从句划分与判定的方法呢？ 二、关系代词、关系副词的用法 现在我们理解了从句的概念，从句的构成和从句的划分方法，那定语从句在考试中如何考查呢？在语法填空、短文改错中直接性的考查主要是从句关系词的选择。 关系词根据在句子总充当成分的不同，可以分为两大类：关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose（代词是指代名词的词，所以关系代词是在句子中充当名词性成分的关系词，也就是说，从句缺少名词性成分的时候用关系代词。） 关系副词：when,where,why（副词在一个句子中不充当名词性的成分，所以关系副词在句子中也不充当名词性成分，所以当从句中不缺少名词性成分的时候用关系副词。） 1.关系代词的用法 首先来看一下关系代词的用法 　 作主语 作宾语 作定语 先行词指人 who/that who/whom/that(可省略) whose 先行词指物 which/that which/that(可省略) whose 先行词指人和物 that that whose ( 从句当中作宾语，　　 whom可以代替who,　　 为了句子更简练，　　 关系代词可省去。　 　 ) ( 巧学妙记 ) ( 典型例题 ) 根据上面的表格以及咱们讲过的定语从句相关知识，判定一下下面几个句子是否考查定语从句，若是应该填什么样的关系词。 1) The plane is a machine __________can fly. 2) The fish __________ he bought this morning is fresh. 3) The boy ________ is handsome is my student. 4) The teacher ______________I like most teaches us English. 5) The room ______ window faces south is mine. 6) I know the girl ______ mother is a teacher. 参考答案：1)that/which 2)that/which/省略 3)who/that 4)that/who/whom/省略 5）whose 6)whose 通过上面的练习，同学们是否能够总结出定语从句关系词选择的基本思路和步骤呢？ ( 举一反三 ) 1. Is he the man__________ wants to see you? 2. He is the lawyer ____________ I met yesterday. 3. The famous film star_______ has played many roles, will act as a blind woman in her next film. 4. The house _____ is in the back of our classroom is the teacher’s office. 5. He is the teacher ______ son is a soldier. 6. The house _______ you saw is a library. 参考答案：1.that/who 2.that/who/whom/省略 3.who/that 4.which/that 5.whose 6.which/that/省略 2.关系副词的用法 通过前面关系代词,关系副词的学习咱们知道，从句缺少成分用关系代词，不缺少成分（指得是主语,宾语,定语成分）用关系副词。关系副词主要有when,where,why.具体的选择要根据先行词来判定。从句不缺少成分，先行词指时间，用when；指地点，用where；指原因，用why. ( 典型例题 ) 具体的判定咱们结合下面几个句子一起分析一下： 1) I will never forget the day ________we played together. 2) This is the day _________I will never forget. 参考答案：1）when 2)which/that/省略 通过上面两个句子的对比，同学们能够得出什么结论呢？关系词的选择是否只看先行词就可以了呢？ ( which指物who指人，　　 地点where时间when,　　 that人或物均可，　　 why之前是reason。 　 ) ( 巧学妙记 ) ( 举一反三 ) 通过上面得出的结论，继续完成下面的题目： 3) This is the hotel _____ I stayed last week. 4) This is the hotel _____I like most. 5) Please give me the reason _____ you made such a great success. 6) This is the reason _______he told me yesterday. 参考答案：3) where 4)which/that/省略 5)why 6)which/that/省略 ( 小结： 关系代词和关系副词的判定，最根本的是分析从句是否缺少成分，而不是 只 看先行词。 ) 通过前关系代词和关系副词的讲解和练习，同学们能否总结出定语从句做题的一个基本思路呢？ 定语从句做题思路 ( 主语 who/that 宾语 who/that/ whom/ 省略 定语 whose )1.定语从句判定:根据定语从句的基本结构（先行词 关系词 定语从句） ( 人 )2.分析句子成分： ( 缺少成分 ) ( 关系代词 ) ( 先行词 ) ( 不缺少成分 ) ( 关系副词 ) ( 原因：why ) ( 地点：where ) ( 时间：when ) ( 先行词 ) ( 主语 wh ich /that 宾语 wh ich /that/ 省略 定语 whose ) ( 物 ) ( 举一反三 ) 1.I always remember the days __________we spent together. 2.I always remember the days __________ we played together, 3.I always remember the days ___________I lived with my grandparents. 4.I will remember the date ___________I joined the army. 5.Jinan_______lies in the east of China is a beautiful city. 6.Jinan_______we live in is a beautiful city. 7.Jinan_______many foreigners come to visit is a beautiful city. 8.Jinan______many foreigners like to travel is a beautiful city. 9.I quite agree with the reason ________you told me. 10.I don’t believe the reason ______you were late this morning. 参考答案：1.which/that/省略 2.when 3.when4.when 5.where 6.which/that/省略 7.which/that/省略8.where 9.which/that/省略 10. why ( 培优选学 ) 三、长难句分析：分析下面句子并翻译。 1.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 2.The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. 3.The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. 4.They could not get the jobs they wanted. 5.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 6.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 参考答案： 1.我第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候是我人生中非常艰难的时期。 我只学习了两年的学校在三公里外。 3.纳尔逊·曼德拉帮助我的那一天是我最快乐的一天。 4.他们找不到想要的工作。 5.军队组织队伍挖出被困人员并埋葬死者。 ( 阅读与积累 ) Reward for virtue My friend, Herbert, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Herbert loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Herbert was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets! 1.找出文章中的生词或者重点单词短语并积累。 2.列举出这篇文章中出现的定语从句并进行分析和翻译。 3. 翻译并诵读这篇文章。 参考答案： 美德的回报 我的朋友赫伯特一直很胖，但最近情况变得很糟糕，他决定节食。他一周前开始节食。首先，他列出了一长串被禁止的食物。这份清单包括赫伯特喜欢的大部分东西：黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果。昨天我去拜访了他。我按响了门铃，看到赫伯特仍然像以前一样胖，我并不感到惊讶。他把我带进他的房间，匆匆忙忙地把一个大包裹藏在桌子下面。很明显，他很尴尬。当我问他在做什么时，他内疚地笑了笑，然后把包裹放在桌子上。他解释说，他的饮食非常严格，他不得不偶尔奖励自己。然后他给我看了包裹里的东西。里面有五大块巧克力和三袋糖果！ $$