湖南省益阳市安化县第二中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题

2025届高三第二次调研考试试卷 英 语 时间:120分钟 满分：150分 命题、审题人: 谌小英、黄智琴 第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)略 第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Winter Volunteer Programs Abroad Volunteer abroad during your winter break to make the most of the holiday season. Our winter volunteer programs abroad are short-term team trips that all form part of our efforts to find long-term sustainable solutions to specific challenges. Medical Internships (实习期) in Nepal for Teenagers Join our medical internships for teenagers and learn directly from doctors. Attend lectures at a local teaching hospital and gain a deeper insight into a developing country’s medical practices. ●Price: $2,646 USD for 2 weeks ●An Extra Week: $ 570 USD ●Start Date: Winter Break Volunteer with Children in Nepal as a Group Travel to Asia with like-minded people to do community volunteering in Nepal. Support local teachers by running educational activities and games with the children. When you’re not working, we’ve organized plenty of cultural and social activities for you to enjoy, along with a weekend trip guided by local staff. ●Price: $2,245 USD for 2 weeks ●An Extra Week: $470 USD ●Start Date: Throughout the year Volunteer Community Work in Fiji for Teenagers Help make schools and care centers places that encourage learning by painting, building playground equipment, or maintaining a vegetable garden. This project is open to teenagers from all over the world, so you’ll make lots of new friends, and our staff are there to support and guide you throughout. ●Price: $3,045 USD for 2 weeks ●An Extra Week: $ 570 USD ●Start Date: Winter Break. Volunteer Building in Nepal for Teenagers Put your strength, time and energy into rebuilding homes damaged by earthquakes. Help to give young children a chance to live in a safe environment. You, as well as teenagers from around the world, will work along with local engineers, architects and our staff. ●Price: $2,545 USD for 2 weeks ●An Extra Week: $570 USD ●Start Date: Summer/Winter Break 1．How much will you pay if you are in the first program for three weeks? A．$2,646 USD． B．$3,216 USD． C．$2,715 USD． D．$1,710 USD． 2．Which program provides a guided tour during the weekend? A．Volunteer Building in Nepal for Teenagers. B．Medical Internships in Nepal for Teenagers. C．Volunteer with Children in Nepal as a Group. D．Volunteer Community Work in Fiji for Teenagers. 3．What do these four programs have in common? A．They are all held in Nepal. B．Their activities center on education. C．They are available only in winter breaks. D．Their minimum duration is two weeks. B Raised in a fatherless home, my father was extremely tightfisted towards us children. His attitude didn’t soften as I grew into adulthood and drifted away to college. I had to ride the bus whenever I came home. Though the bus stopped about two miles from home, Dad never met me, even in cold weather. If I grumbled (嘟囔), he’d say in his loudest father voice, “That’s what your legs are for!” The walk didn’t bother me as much as the fear of walking alone along the highway and country roads. I also felt less than valued that my father didn’t seem concerned about my safety. That feeling was canceled one spring evening. It had been a particularly difficult week at college after long hours in labs. I longed for home. When the bus reached a stop, I stepped off and dragged my suitcase to begin the long journey home. A row of hedge (篱笆) edged the driveway that climbed the hill to our house. Once I had turned off the highway to start the last lap of my journey, I was always relieved to see the hedge because it meant that I was almost home. On that particular evening, the hedge had just come into view when I saw something gray moving along the top of the hedge, moving toward the house. Upon closer observation, I realized it was the top of my father’s head. Then I knew, each time I’d come home, he had stood behind the hedge, watching, until he knew I had arrived safely. I swallowed hard against the threatening tears. He did care, after all. On later visits, that spot of gray became my watchtower. I could hardly wait until I was close enough to watch for its secret movement above the greenery. Upon reaching home, I would find my father sitting innocently in his chair. “So! My son, it’s you!” he’d say, his face lengthening into pretended surprise. I replied, “Yes, Dad, it’s me. I’m home.” 4．What did the author think of the two-mile walk home? A．It reflected his value. B．It was the most troublesome. C．It wasn’t ranked number one in his concerns. D．It was extremely unbearable in cold weathers. 5．How did the author feel when he saw the hedge? A．Disappointed. B．Hopeful. C．Frustrated. D．Regretful. 6．Why did the author’s father watch behind the hedge? A．The author often changed routes back home. B．He wanted to help the author build up courage. C．He was really concerned about his son’s safety. D．That was the only way he could express his love. 7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Father’s Secret. B．My Childhood Life. C．Terrible Journey Home. D．Riding Bus Alone. C Today’s Brussels sprouts (孢子甘蓝) taste better than you might remember from childhood, and that is because a new variety has replaced the original vegetable. You can thank plant breeders for the change. Modern breeders, armed with new gene-editing technology, are looking to reproduce Brussels sprouts’ reinvention. In the late 1990s, scientists discovered specific chemicals which made Brussels sprouts taste bitter. Plant breeders started growing old seeds, previously abandoned due to poor yields (产量), to look for tastier versions with lower levels of these specific chemicals. Then they crossed these delicious but low-yield plants with high-yield individuals until they found a version that made plenty of tasty sprouts, transforming the vegetable from a bitter pill into a popular dish. But other vegetables haven’t fared as well. That’s because most breeding decisions favor plant traits (特性) that matter to vegetable growers, not vegetable eaters. For instance, disease resistance is probably the major focus these days of most breeding programs because that prevents the farmer from growing the crop. The taste of vegetables is ignored. People, however, are now becoming interested in prioritizing the taste of vegetables thanks in part to new genetic technology. “There’s never been a better time to be a fruit breeder or a vegetable breeder because we have more tools and techniques,” says Susan Brown, an apple breeder at Cornell University. Some companies are beginning to use those tools to deal with the challenge of developing tastier vegetables. One company, Pairwise, is fighting the same compounds that troubled Brussels sprouts. But this time researchers are improving the flavor of salad greens. All vegetable growers hope that more flavorful products on store shelves will convince people to consume the recommended allowances (定量) of fruits and vegetables — and do so better than decades of nutritional guidance have. “Don’t waste your time talking about trying to educate people to eat better,” said Harry Klee, a professor who specializes in tomato breeding. “Just give them products that taste better and that they want to eat.” 8．Why did plant breeders grow old Brussels sprout seeds? A．To study why Brussels sprouts are bitter. B．To research the specific chemicals. C．To select high-yielding products. D．To find the less bitter versions. 9．What does the underlined word “fared” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Survived. B．Emerged. C．Mushroomed. D．Succeeded. 10．What can we learn from Susan Brown’s words in paragraph 4? A．The breeding techniques are booming. B．The breeding techniques need no improvement. C．The breeders are struggling to develop new species. D．The breeders should develop new genetic technology. 11．How can fruits and vegetables be consumed more according to Harry Klee? A．By enhancing the taste. B．By improving the nutrients. C．By making them more accessible. D．By telling people the benefits. D Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution, which has occurred ever since men were organized into units larger than the family. In the past human race managed to survive it. Why should it not continue to survive even if wars go on occurring from time to time? Moreover, people like war, and will feel frustrated without it. And without war there will be no adequate opportunity for heroism or self-sacrifice. Modem technology has changed this. Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by arbitration (通过仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted. There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology (意识形态) would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic (武断的) statements that are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their followers believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them. The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between man and the atom bomb. 12．From the passage we can learn that war now is ______. A．as bad as in the past B．worse than in the past C．as necessary as in the past D．not so dangerous as in the past 13．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Men, as well as war, will have to make the ultimate choice between the two. B．Modern technology has empowered man to choose whether to have war or not. C．At least 6,000 years later, man has finally decided to abandon war once and for all. D．People will eventually destroy themselves if they choose to go to war at modern times. 14．As for ideology, what does the author intend to tell us? A．Certain ideology is superior regarding its truthfulness. B．It is useless to adopt an ideology to prevent war. C．Not every ideology is not worth fighting for. D．It is wrong to follow any ideology. 15．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．War or No War, That Is A Question B．Nuclear Weapons Bring the End of Human Race C．Towards a Future Without War: A Call for Global Arbitration D．From Ideology to Negotiation: A New Approach to International Conflicts 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。 My, what a big beak you have! For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. 16 In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. 17 All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. 18 Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins. Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. 19 The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. 20 That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow. A．However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer. B．For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. C．Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors. D．It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to. E．Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies. F．Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat. G．Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings. 第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Adam Pearl found a baby squirrel 21 in his yard. He decided to take him in and named him Joey. Pearl set an alarm to bottle-feed Joey every two hours. Joey learned to use a litter box and 22 to a diet of nuts and greens. In just a few months, he became a member in the house and would let anybody pet him. That was the day Pearl came home to obvious 23 of a robbery. Strange, snowy footprints tracked around the yard. A few items of value were missing. He 24 police about the break-in, and officer Ashley Turner 25 the residence to make a report. Turner asked if Joey 26 . Usually not, Pearl explained, but 27 , he is a wild animal. You never know. Hours later, Turner returned with a(n) 28 story: She’d identified a 29 , based in part on the suspicious 30 all over his hands. The Pearls got their stuff back, and Joey got his favorite treat. That spring, Pearl noticed Joey’s growing 31 to return to nature. Joey became 32 interested in the windows, and he even began playing with other squirrels through the sliding door. Pearl 33 a cat door for Joey to come and go. After a few weeks, Joey made his 34 return to the wild. “He was up in the apple tree and climbed down on my shoulder, and I gave him a nut and scratched his ears. . . then he hopped back up in the apple tree and was gone, ” says Pearl. “He didn’t come back home that night, so I think that was kind of his last little 35 . ” 21．A．orphaned B．stolen C．thrown D．stricken 22．A．returned B．graduated C．hurried D．attended 23．A．signs B．notices C．copies D．models 24．A．consulted B．helped C．attracted D．alerted 25．A．settled down B．ran into C．came to D．knocked down 26．A．eats B．attacks C．plays D．runs 27．A．after all B．above all C．in addition D．on the contrary 28．A．humble B．artificial C．remarkable D．spiritual 29．A．worker B．suspect C．hunter D．citizen 30．A．scratches B．tattoos C．pictures D．spots 31．A．response B．ability C．disappointment D．desire 32．A．increasingly B．slightly C．deliberately D．unwillingly 33．A．broke B．installed C．closed D．painted 34．A．instant B．voluntary C．permanent D．controversial 35．A．touch B．kiss C．gift D．bye 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Central Axis: The Backbone of Beijing Beijing Central Axis (中轴线), running north-south through the heart of the old city of Beijing and governing the overall layout of the capital, is 36 integration of building complexes and archeological sites. Initially constructed in the 13th century and shaped in the 16th century, Beijing Central Axis was continuously perfected over seven centuries, giving rise to a well-organized and imposing building ensemble that manifests (彰显) the 37 (idea) order of the ancient Chinese capital deep 38 (root) in the capital planning tradition for over two millennia. From Yongding Gate to the Bell and Drum Towers via Zhengyang Gate, Tian’anmen, Taihe Palace, Jingshan Mountain, Beijing Central Axis connects the outer, inner and imperial city 39 the imperial palace. The main buildings along the central axis are symmetrical and staggered in 40 (high), thus creating a unique and magnificent picture. In addition to 41 (form) the backbone of the frame of Beijing city, it serves as the best embodiment of the capital’s boundless charm 42 makes it a famous historical and cultural city. The Central Axis of Beijing which links the ancient times and the present has experienced the changes of times and witnessed the continuous development of the Chinese civilization. Nowadays, the application for the world heritage status of Beijing Central Axis 43 (include) in the core area planning already, and this amazing urban landscape is becoming a development axis that 44 (highlight) the protection of the ancient capital and the development of the city. In the future, it will continue to glow (焕发) with vibrant charm and nourish the Chinese civilization which stands in the East of the world with a 45 (calm) and more confident posture. 第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46．假设你是李华，今年夏天你观看了东京奥运会直播，中国运动员在比赛中的拼搏精神使你大受鼓舞。请以此为话题，为你即将参加的学校英语演讲比赛写一篇演讲稿。 内容包括： 1. 你的观看经历； 2. 你的倡议。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Be proud of doing something honorable that you think might bring you shame at first,” Grandma always told us before telling us this favorite family story. In 1918, Grandpa worked in a shoe repair shop. He labored on the night shift so that he would be free to take care of the children in the daytime, allowing Grandma to attend school and receive an education. On the morning of her first class, Grandm a excitedly rushed to dress for school. As she excitedly took out all her old socks, Grandma became sad. She discovered all had many holes. “Forget it, dear. We have no time to repair them now,” urged Grandpa. “You’ll be late for class. And, anyway, I have a surprise for you!” A moment later, Grandpa handed Grandma her old high-button shoes. But she could hardly recognize them, as they had been repaired and looked beautiful. While she was sleeping that night, Grandpa secretly repaired the shoes. Grandma's eyes welled with tears of gratitude, “I'll look like a fine lady in these wonderful shoes!” she said. “Hurry! Put on a pair of long socks and the beautiful shoes, and no one will suspect you have honey socks. They’ll be our little secret,” Grandpa promised. Grandm a nodded and rushed out when Grandpa handed her two one-dollar bills for her tuition. Arriving at school, Grandma felt uneasy in a classroom filled with strangers. Standing ahead was a serious-looking teacher called Miss Peabody. That morning, Miss Peabody passed an empty bowl around the classroom and instructed each student to drop the fees into it. Every student did that. One student paid his fee with a bright two-dollar gold coin. After collecting all the money, the teacher placed the bowl on her desk. Later that afternoon,  when Miss Peabody counted the money, the small gold coin accidentally slipped out of the bowl and fell into Grandma’s shoe. Unaware of it, Miss Peabody discovered the coin was missing. She felt quite anxious and searched around, but in vain. 注意： (1) 续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Meanwhile, Grandma felt convinced that the thing in her shoe must be the coin. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hesitant but determined, Grandma removed her shoe, feeling everyone's gaze on her honey sock. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 1．B 2．C 3．D [分析]这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个寒假海外志愿服务项目。 1．细节理解题。由Medical Internships (实习期) in Nepal for Teenagers中“●Price: $2,646 USD for 2 weeks (价格：2周2646美元)”和“●An Extra Week: $570 USD (额外一周：570美元)”可知，如果你参加第一个项目三周，你会付（$2,646 USD +$570 USD）=$3,216 USD。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。由Volunteer with Children in Nepal as a Group中“When you’re not working, we’ve organized plenty of cultural and social activities for you to enjoy, along with a weekend trip guided by local staff. (当您不工作时，我们为您组织了大量的文化和社交活动，并在当地工作人员的指导下进行周末旅行)”可知，Volunteer with Children in Nepal as a Group在周末提供有导游的旅行。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。由Medical Internships (实习期) in Nepal for Teenagers中“●Price: $2,646 USD for 2 weeks (价格：2周2646美元)”和“●An Extra Week: $570 USD (额外一周：570美元)”，Volunteer with Children in Nepal as a Group中“●Price: $2,245 USD for 2 weeks (价格：2245美元，为期2周)”和“●An Extra Week: $470 USD (额外一周：470美元)”，Volunteer Community Work in Fiji for Teenagers中“●Price: $3,045 USD for 2 weeks (价格：3045美元，为期2周)”和“●An Extra Week: $ 570 USD (额外一周：570美元)”，Volunteer Building in Nepal for Teenagers中“●Price: $2,545 USD for 2 weeks (价格：2周2545美元)”和“●An Extra Week: $570 USD (额外一周：570美元)”可知，四个项目的共同点在于它们最短持续时间是两周。故选D项。 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A [分析]本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的父亲表面上不关心自己的孩子，实际上会躲在树篱后看着儿子回家，确保孩子的安全。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“The walk didn’t bother me as much as the fear of walking alone along the highway and country roads. (步行并没有像独自沿着高速公路和乡间小路行走的恐惧那样困扰我。)”可知，步行两英里回家不是作者最担心的事情，故选C项。 5．细节理解题。根据第四段中“A row of hedge (篱笆) edged the driveway that climbed the hill to our house. Once I had turned off the highway to start the last lap of my journey, I was always relieved to see the hedge because it meant that I was almost home. (一排篱笆沿着爬山到我们家的车道。一旦我离开高速公路开始我旅程的最后一圈，我总是松了一口气，因为这意味着我快到家了。)”可知，作者看到树篱时会觉得充满希望，故选B项。 6．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Then I knew, each time I’d come home, he had stood behind the hedge, watching, until he knew I had arrived safely. I swallowed hard against the threatening tears. He did care, after all. (然后我知道，每次我回家时，他都站在篱笆后面看着，直到他知道我安全到达。我强忍着眼泪狠狠地咽了口唾沫。毕竟，他确实在乎。)”可知，作者的父亲在树篱后面看着是因为他真的关心儿子的安全，故选C项。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者的父亲表面上不关心自己的儿子，实际上会躲在树篱后看着儿子回家，确保孩子的安全，A项“Father’s Secret. (父亲的秘密)”可以概括文章主题，故选A项。 8．D 9．D 10．A 11．A [分析]这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了现代植物育种者利用新的基因编辑技术，重新改良了甘蓝的品种，使其味道更好。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In the late 1990s, scientists discovered specific chemicals which made Brussels sprouts taste bitter. Plant breeders started growing old seeds, previously abandoned due to poor yields (产量), to look for tastier versions with lower levels of these specific chemicals.(在20世纪90年代末，科学家们发现了使孢子甘蓝尝起来苦的特殊化学物质。植物育种者开始种植以前因产量低而废弃的旧种子，以寻找含有较低这些特定化学物质的更美味的种子)”可知，植物育种家种植老球芽甘蓝种子寻找不那么苦的孢子甘蓝。故选D项。 9．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“That’s because most breeding decisions favor plant traits (特性) that matter to vegetable growers, not vegetable eaters.(这是因为大多数育种决定都倾向于对蔬菜种植者重要的植物特性，而不是对吃蔬菜的人)”可知，此处提到了其他蔬菜不太好即不太“成功”的原因，所以划线词是“成功”的意思。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““There’s never been a better time to be a fruit breeder or a vegetable breeder because we have more tools and techniques, ” says Susan Brown, an apple breeder at Cornell University.(“现在是水果育种或蔬菜育种的最佳时机，因为我们有更多的工具和技术，”康奈尔大学的苹果育种专家苏珊•布朗表示)”可推知，育种技术正在蓬勃发展。故选A项。 11．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““Don’t waste your time talking about trying to educate people to eat better, ”said Harry Klee, a professor who specializes in tomato breeding. “Just give them products that taste better and that they want to eat.”(“不要浪费时间谈论如何教育人们吃得更好，”专门研究番茄育种的教授哈里·克利说。“只要给他们提供味道更好、他们想吃的产品就行了。”)”可知，根据Harry Klee的说法，让人们多吃水果和蔬菜的最好方法是提高蔬菜和水果的味道。故选A项。 12．B 13．D 14．B 15．C [分析]本文是一篇议论文。在当前的国际形势之下，作者阐述人类应该以一种新的方式看待国际问题，而不是把它看作武力的较量。这种方式就是通过根据公认的法律原则进行仲裁。 12．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Modem technology has changed this”（现代科技改变了这一点）以及“For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat.”（目前，造成最严重危险的是核武器，但不久之后，细菌或化学武器可能带来更大的威胁。）可推知，现在的战争比过去更糟糕。故选B。 13．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. ”（要么人会消灭战争，要么战争会消灭人。目前，造成最严重危险的是核武器，但细菌或化学武器不久可能会带来更大的威胁。如果我们成功地废除了核武器，我们的工作也还没有完成。除非我们成功地废除了战争，否则这是永远不会实现的。）可知，只有成功废除战争，才能算做完成人类的工作，由此可推知，如果人们选择在现代进行战争，他们最终将自我毁灭。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“All ideologies are based upon dogmatic (武断的) statements that are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their followers believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them.”（所有的意识形态都建立在武断的陈述之上，往好了说，这些陈述是可疑的，往坏了说，这些陈述是完全错误的。他们的追随者如此狂热地相信他们，以至于他们愿意为了支持他们而去打仗。）可推知，采用意识形态来防止战争是无用的。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第二段“To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by arbitration (通过仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law .”（要做到这一点，我们需要说服人类以一种新的方式看待国际问题，而不是将其视为武力的较量，在这种较量中，胜利属于最善于杀人的一方，而是通过根据商定的法律原则进行仲裁。）可知，作者呼吁人们以新的方式看待国际问题，通过仲裁来解决问题，以此来废除战争，因此，C选项“Towards a Future Without War: A Call for Global Arbitration”（走向无战争的未来：全球仲裁的呼吁）最能概括全文内容。故选C。 16．C 17．G 18．F 19．A 20．B [分析]这是一篇说明文。讲述了地球变暖正在改变动物的外貌，如嘴巴变大。 16．根据上文“For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help mitigate the effects of a warm world. (对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是技术问题。更多的空调、更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于缓解全球变暖的影响)”可知，人类依靠的是科学技术来适应气候变化。选项C“动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。”承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。从而引出下文对于动物适应气候变化发生的变化的讲述，上下文通顺合理。故选C项。 17．空处位于段末应承接上文。上文“In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. (例如，在一些澳大利亚鹦鹉中，自1871年以来，喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在另一种鸟类北美黑眼鹦鹉中，发现了同样的模式)”列举了一些动物因为天气变暖，喙变大的例子。由此推知，空处承接上文，继续举例。选项G“哺乳动物也有类似的趋势，老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠进化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀”符合语境，是动物应对天气变化外貌发生变化的例子。故选G项。 18．根据上文“‘Allen’s rule’, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附属物) than those in less hot regions. (“艾伦法则”是以Joel Asaph Allen的名字命名的，他在1877年提出了这一法则，认为在炎热地区的温血动物往往比在不那么炎热地区的动物有更大的附属物)”可知，炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，选项F“这种适应性增加了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.( 喙拥有丰富的血管，没有绝缘羽毛覆盖，是鸟类散热的理想场所。又比如，与它们的北极近亲相比，原产于撒哈拉沙漠的芬内克狐狸有着惊人的大耳朵)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选F项。 19．根据下文“The team combined data from different species in different places. (她的团队综合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据)”可知，团队综合了更多地方的数据，选项A“然而，从更大的角度来看，形式更清晰。”说明观察更多会更清楚地看到这种模式，符合语境，上下文通顺合理。故选A项。 20．根据下文“That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. (随着气候变暖的加速，这种情况可能会改变。由于任何进化适应都会进行利弊权衡，因此尚不清楚这一过程会走多远)”可知，未来这种情况的变化，that指代上文提到的情况，选项B“至少就目前而言，增幅很小，从未超过10%。”说明现在的变化情况，上下文合理通顺，下文预测这种情况的发展,，且下文中的“That may change”指代选项B中的增长。故选B项。 21．A 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．C 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．A 31．D 32．A 33．B 34．C 35．D [分析]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了亚当·珀尔收养了无家可归的小松鼠乔伊，乔伊很快成为了家里的一员。乔伊甚至帮助特纳警官抓到了盗窃嫌疑人，立下了大功。但动物的天性不可磨灭，乔伊最终离开珀尔，回归了大自然。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：亚当·珀尔在他的院子里发现了一只小松鼠，是被遗弃的“孤儿”。A. orphaned使成为孤儿；B. stolen偷窃；C. thrown扔掉；D. stricken打，撞。根据下文“He decided to take him in and named him Joey.”可推知，小松鼠无家可归，是被遗弃的“孤儿”，亚当·珀尔收养了它。故选A项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：乔伊学会了用猫砂盆，奔向自己的坚果和蔬菜膳食。A. returned返回；B. graduated毕业；C. hurried匆忙，急忙；D. attended参加。根据句中“a diet of nuts and greens”可知，坚果和蔬菜是松鼠的最爱，所以小松鼠乔伊会奔它们而去；hurry to“奔向，赶往”。故选C项。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那天，珀尔回到家，发现了明显的被盗窃的迹象。A. signs迹象；B. notices注意；C. copies复制品；D. models模型。根据下文“Strange, snowy footprints tracked around the yard.”可知，珀尔发现在院子发现陌生人的足迹，这是家中被盗的迹象。故选A项。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他向警方报告了闯入事件，警官阿什利·特纳到他的住所来完成案情报告。A. consulted咨询；B. helped帮助；C. attracted吸引；D. alerted向……报警。根据下文“officer Ashley Turner 　5　 the residence to make a report.”可知，珀尔报了警，警官来询问情况。故选D项。 25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他向警方报告了闯入事件，警官阿什利·特纳到他的住所来完成案情报告。A. settled down定居；B. ran into偶然碰见；C. came to来到；D. knocked down撞倒。根据句中“the residence to make a report”可知，警官来到珀尔住处询问案情。故选C项。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：特纳警官问乔伊是否会攻击人。A. eats吃；B. attacks袭击；C. plays玩耍；D. runs奔跑。根据下文“She’d identified a 　9　 , based in part on the suspicious 　10　 all over his hands.”可知，特纳警官根据嫌疑人手上的抓痕找到罪犯，由此推知，他问的是乔伊是否会攻击人。故选B项。 27．考查介词短语辨析。句意：“通常不会，”珀尔解释说，“但他毕竟是一只野生动物”。A. after all毕竟；B. above all首先；C. in addition另外；D. on the contrary相反。珀尔先说小松鼠乔伊通常不会攻击人，但接下来表示自己也不确定，上下文语意有变化，after all“毕竟”常用于对上文表述的修正，符合语境。故选A项。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个小时后，特纳带着一个令人惊奇的故事回来了：她已经确定了一名嫌疑人，部分原因是他手上到处都是可疑的抓痕。A. humble谦虚的；B. artificial人工的；C. remarkable不同寻常的，奇异的；D. spiritual精神的。根据下文可知，特纳警官根据手上的抓痕确定了嫌疑人，结合上文可知，这些抓痕很可能是小松鼠乔伊干的，所以这是一个令人惊奇的故事。故选C项。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个小时后，特纳带着一个令人惊奇的故事回来了：她已经确定了一名嫌疑人，部分原因是他手上到处都是可疑的抓痕。A. worker工人；B. suspect嫌疑犯；C. hunter猎人；D. citizen市民。根据句中“identified”可推知，特纳警官锁定了嫌疑犯。故选B项。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个小时后，特纳带着一个令人惊奇的故事回来了：她已经确定了一名嫌疑人，部分原因是他手上到处都是可疑的抓痕。A. scratches抓痕；B. tattoos纹身；C. pictures图片；D. spots点。根据上文特纳警官问小松鼠乔伊是否会攻击人和句中“all over his hands”可推知，特纳是通过手上的抓痕确定了嫌疑人。故选A项。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那年春天，珀尔注意到乔伊越来越渴望回归大自然。A. response反应；B. ability能力；C. disappointment失望；D. desire渴望。根据下文“Joey became 　12　 interested in the windows, and he even began playing with other squirrels through the sliding door.”可知，小松鼠乔伊开始关注大自然的一切，说明它渴望回归大自然。故选D项。 32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：乔伊对窗户越来越感兴趣，他甚至开始隔着滑动门和其他松鼠玩耍。A. increasingly越来越多地；B. slightly稍微；C. deliberately故意地；D. unwillingly。根据句中“even began playing with other squirrels through the sliding door”可推知，乔伊对窗户越来越感兴趣，因为那是通向外界的通道。故选A项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：珀尔安装了一扇猫门，让乔伊进出。A. broke弄坏；B. installed安装；C. closed关；D. painted涂颜料。根据“a cat door”可知，让动物进出的门需要安装。故选B项。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几周后，乔伊永远地回到了野外。A. instant立刻的；B. voluntary自愿的；C. permanent永远地；D. controversial有争议的。根据下文“He didn’t come back home that night,”可知，小松鼠乔伊永远地离开了，回到了大自然的怀抱。故选C项。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上他没有回家，所以我想那是他最后的告别。A. touch触摸；B. kiss吻；C. gift礼物；D. bye再见。根据句中“He didn’t come back home that night,”可知，珀尔把“He was up in the apple tree and climbed down on my shoulder, and I gave him a nut and scratched his ears”视作他们最后的告别。故选D项。 36．an 37．ideal 38．rooted 39．with 40．height 41．forming 42．that/which 43．has been included 44．highlights 45．calmer [分析]这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京中轴线的建设理念。 36．考查冠词。句意：北京中轴线，贯穿北京老城的中心，南北延伸，控制着首都的整体布局，是建筑群和考古遗址的融合。短语an integration of表示“……的融合”。故填an。 37．考查形容词。句意：北京中轴线始建于13世纪，成型于16世纪，经过7个多世纪的不断完善，形成了一个组织严密、气势磅礴的建筑群，体现了中国古代首都的理想秩序，这种秩序深深植根于两千多年的首都规划传统。修饰名词order应用形容词ideal。故填ideal。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：北京中轴线始建于13世纪，成型于16世纪，经过7个多世纪的不断完善，形成了一个组织严密、气势磅礴的建筑群，体现了中国古代首都的理想秩序，这种秩序深深植根于两千多年的首都规划传统。此处root与order构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填rooted。 39．考查介词。句意：从永定门到钟鼓楼，经正阳门、天安门、太和宫、景山，北京中轴线连接了外、内、皇城和皇宫。短语connect…with…表示“连接”。故填with。 40．考查名词。句意：沿中轴线的主要建筑对称，高度错落，形成了一幅独特而宏伟的画面。短语in height表示“高度”。故填height。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：它不仅构成了北京城市框架的支柱，而且最能体现首都作为历史文化名城的无限魅力。作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填forming。 42．考查定语从句。句意：它不仅构成了北京城市框架的支柱，而且最能体现首都作为历史文化名城的无限魅力。定语从句修饰先行词charm，在从句作主语，指物，故填that/which。 43．考查时态语态。句意：如今，北京中轴线的世界遗产申请已经被列入核心区规划，这一令人惊叹的城市景观正在成为古都保护与城市发展的发展轴线。主语the application for the world heritage status of Beijing Central Axis与谓语构成被动关系，根据already可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been included。 44．考查主谓一致。句意：如今，北京中轴线的世界遗产申请已经被列入核心区规划，这一令人惊叹的城市景观正在成为古都保护与城市发展的发展轴线。陈述事实用一般现在时，谓语与先行词a development axis保持一致，用三单形式。故填highlights。 45．考查比较级。句意：未来，它将继续焕发出生机勃勃的魅力，以更加从容自信的姿态滋养屹立于世界东方的中华文明。根据后文more confident可知为比较级。故填calmer。 46．Hello, everyone! I’m honored to share with you my experience and feelings of watching the live Tokyo Olympic Games this summer. Motivated by the Olympic motto “Faster, Higher, Stronger”, athletes throughout the world gathered together this July, devoting themselves to achieving sporting excellence. What inspired me most was the fighting spirit of Chinese players, all sparing no effort to win glory for our country. I propose that we all learn from these heroes. As  students,  we  should  both  study  harder  and  perfect  our  characters  to  contribute  to  our  motherland. 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以“在观看了东京奥运会直播后，被中国运动员在比赛中的拼搏精神鼓舞”为话题，写一篇演讲稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 光荣的：glorious→honored 荣誉：honor→glory 建议：suggest→propose 使完美：complete→perfect 2.句式拓展 简单句变倒装句 原句：As students, we should both study harder and perfect our characters to contribute to our motherland. 拓展句：As students, not only should we  study harder, but also perfect our characters to contribute to our motherland. 【点睛】[高分句型1] What inspired me most was the fighting spirit of Chinese players, all sparing no effort to win glory for our country. (运用了what引导的主语从句) [高分句型2] I  propose  that  we  all  learn  from  these  heroes. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 47．Meanwhile, Grandma felt convinced that the thing in her shoe must be the coin. As Grandma sat in the classroom, her heart raced. She couldn’t help but feel torn between honesty and the fear of exposing her holey sock in front of the entire class. Eventually, she gathered her courage. Standing up, grandma took a deep breath and approached Miss Peabody. The classroom fell silent as all eyes turned to her. With a trembling voice, Grandma spoke, “I believe the coin must have slipped into my shoe. ” Miss Peabody, touched by Grandma's honesty, asked her to do the favor of getting it out. Hesitant but determined, Grandma removed her shoe, feeling everyone 's gaze on her holey sock. She felt a mix of relief and embarrassment. With downcast eyes, she handed the coin back to Miss Peabody. “Why do you hang your head in shame when you've done something so admirable?” Miss Peabody asked gently. Grandma explained, “I felt ashamed because of my holey sock. ” Miss Peabody 's eyes twinkled with understanding. “But those holes tell a story of honesty. They make you unique,” she said, and then turned to the class and praised Grandma's honesty. The students listened attentively, with their judgment replaced with admiration for Grandma. [分析]本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的奶奶给她们讲述的一个关于诚实的生活故事。1918年，爷爷上夜班，白天可以带孩子，所以奶奶白天可以去上课，接受教育。第一节课的时候，奶奶怕迟到穿了一双带洞的袜子，但是被鞋子挡上了。正好老师Miss Peabody收学费，收完数钱的时候，一枚硬币不小心掉进了奶奶的鞋里，Miss Peabody没有意识到，发现硬币不见了，到处寻找。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“与此同时，奶奶确信她鞋子里的东西一定是那枚硬币。”可知，第一段可描奶奶紧张，在诚实和害怕之间摇摆不定，最终向Miss Peabody坦白的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“奶奶犹豫但也坚定，脱下鞋子，感觉每个人都在盯着她的带洞的袜子。”可知，第二段可描写奶奶最后脱下鞋子，把硬币还给Miss Peabody并得到赞扬的过程。 2.续写线索：紧张，摇摆不定——鼓起勇气——向Miss Peabody坦白——脱下鞋子——解释羞愧的原因——得到赞扬 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①.接近：approach/be close to ②.深呼吸：take a deep breath / breathe deeply ③.帮忙：do the favor/help 情绪类 ①.感动的：touched/moved ②.感到羞愧：feel ashamed /be ashamed/be ashamed of 【点睛】[高分句型1]. The classroom fell silent as all eyes turned to her.（由连接词as连接的时间状语从句） [高分句型2]. She couldn’t help but feel torn between honesty and the fear of exposing her holey sock in front of the entire class.（动名词exposing作介词of的宾语） [高分句型3]. Standing up, grandma took a deep breath and approached Miss Peabody.（现在分词作状语） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$