Unit 1 Nature in the balance 主题微写作与应用文 讲义—2023-2024学年高一英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册

苏州工业园区星海实验中学 高一英语 Name_________________ Class_________________ B3U1 Nature in the balance Let us not, however, flatter ourselves overmuch on account of our human victories over nature. For each such victory nature takes its revenge on us. ——Friedrich Engels Mini-writing 主题：Why should we protect the Amazon rainforest? 作为世界上最大的雨林，亚马逊森林在维持地球生态系统的微妙平衡上起着重要的作用。 1. 亚马逊森林被誉为“地球之肺”，通过固定碳和产生氧气，使得地球生生不息。 2. 亚马逊森林拥有地球最丰富的生物多样性，这里是食用物种和药用物种的宝库。 3. 亚马逊森林面临的一个重大威胁来自于人类。农业和养牛等人类活动正影响着这片雨林，导致森林面积的减少和濒临灭绝物种数量的增加。 因此，我们每个人都有义务来采取各种措施来保护这片珍贵的雨林。 Why should we protect the Amazon rainforest? As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon rainforest plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem./Known as the “lungs of the planet”, the Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing oxygen. Moreover, with the richest biodiversity on the Earth, it is also a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine. Yet one major danger to the forest comes from human beings. Human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming are affecting the rainforest, which results in the disappearance of the forest and the increased number of species in danger of extinction. Therefore, it is everyone’s responsibility/duty to take various measures to protect this precious rainforest. Other version: The Amazon rainforest has a crucial impact on the Earth's eco­balance. Crossing into eight countries and covering adverse landscapes, the rainforest support various ecosystems. The plant biodiversity forms its little world in each level, becoming home to various wildlife. Meanwhile, the animal biodiversity help form the forest's food chain. Though known as a natural treasure, the rainforest still faces threats from human activities. 主题：Different views on environment held by people involved from different angles 电视主持人邀请三位嘉宾讨论我们应该选择经济还是环境这个问题。三个人持有不同的观点。 当地居民詹姆斯·史密斯(James Smith)仅出于健康和安全原因就反对重工业。在他的家乡，过去空气清新，草绿，水清，但重工业工厂搬进来后，一切都变了。这条河又脏又臭。天空不是蓝色的。他甚至还咳个不停。 然而，为工厂辩护的高级经理文森特•布朗(Vincent Brown)表示，尽管生产成本提高了，但工厂已经采取了许多措施来减少生产过程中的污染。此外，他们还为当地居民创造了许多就业机会，促进了城市的经济增长。 环保专家朱莉·阿彻（Julie Archer）说，环境保护和经济增长之间确实存在冲突。企业也要遵守环境政策，比如严格的清洁要求。然而，如果人们努力与工厂和政府携手合作确保发展战略遵循环境友好方式，环境和发展之间的平衡是可以实现的。整个社区齐心协力，每个人都可以遵循黄金法则:减少、再利用和循环利用。我们的环境和经济的命运是不可分割的。在经济发展的同时保护环境是我们的责任。 The TV host invites three guests to discuss the question whether we should choose the economy or the environment. The three have different opinions as follows. James Smith, a local resident, protests against heavy industry for health and safety reasons alone. In his hometown the air used to be fresh, the grass green, and the water clear, but things became entirely different after heavy industry factories moved in. The river is dirty and smelly. The sky isn't blue. He has even got a cough that he can't get rid of. However, Vincent Brown, a senior manager, in defence of factories, says a lot of measures have been taken to reduce pollution in the production process despite the fact that production costs are raised. Besides, they have created many jobs for local residents and helped the city's economy grow. Julie Archer, an environmental protection expert, says that there are indeed conflicts between environmental protection and economic growth. Environmental policies for business are also made to observe, like strict clean-up requirements. However, if people try to work hand in hand with factories and the government to ensure the development strategies are followed in an environmentally friendly way, a balance between the environment and development can be achieved. It has to be a community-wide effort and everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle. The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable. It is our duty to protect our environment while aiming for economic development. 主题：Human activities cause incerasing harm to animals 事实上，人类是对动物种群影响最大的最可怕的猎人。 1. 一些活动，如狩猎和捕鱼，直接伤害动物，而其他活动，如城镇发展，间接影响动物数量。 2. 有些人打猎是为了食物，有些人是为了时尚。还有一些人打猎只是为了好玩。 3. 我们也会把动物置于危险之中，当我们破坏动物的栖息地，让许多动物无处居住，或没有食物吃。空气、噪音、水和光污染可以在远离源头的地方产生深远的破坏性影响。一些海洋动物的数量可能会大幅下降，甚至部分原因是船舶交通造成的污染。 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 Human activities cause incerasing harm to animals When you think of a freasome hunter, images of lions and sharks may spring to mind. However, in fact, humans are the most fearsome hunters who have the greatest impact on animal populations. Human activities have brought many animals close to extinction. Some activities, such as hunting and fishing, directly harm animals, while other activities, such as development in towns and cities, impact indirectly on animal populations. Some people hunt for food while some for fashion. Still others hunt just for fun. We can also put animals in danger when we destroy animal habitats and leave many animals with nowhere to live, or no food to eat. Air, noise, water and light pollution can have a deep and damaging influence quite far from their source. Some marine animal populations may drop greatly even partly due to pollution caused by ship traffic. As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. Practical writing · 野生动物篇 · 假设你是李华，请根据以下内容给中国野生动物保护协会CWCA（China Wildlife Conservation Association）的会长写一封80词左右的建议信。 背景：藏羚羊（Tibetan antelopes）是国家一级保护动物。 建议：1. 加大对藏羚羊保护的宣传（publicize）力度； 2. 增加保护资金； 3. 派出一些志愿者协助保护藏羚羊。 Dear President, I’ m writing to give some suggestions to further protect the Tibetan antelopes. As we all know, Tibetan antelopes are national first-class protected animals. So we must find varieties of solutions and take immediate measures to protect them. Firstly, we should concentrate on publicizing the importance of protecting the Tibetan antelopes. Furthermore, charities should be founded to provide funds for their survival. Last but not least, I suggest that some volunteers including professors and scientists should be sent there so that they can help protect the Tibetan antelopes. Looking forward to your prompt reply. Yours, Li Hua · 3月3日是世界野生动植物日（World Wildlife Day），假定你是学生会主席李华，请你围绕“保护野生动植物”用英语写一封倡议书，主要内容包括： 1. 保护野生动植物的重要性； 2. 如何保护野生动植物； 3. 号召大家响应。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Sample writing: Dear fellow students, In the past few decades, many species have been brought close to extinction by human activities, such as hunting and logging. Without them, the ecosystems that feed and clothe us would be in peril/in danger. Now is the time to sound the alarm and take action. The first step is to switch to a greener lifestyle. For instance, we ought to reduce unnecessary waste of paper, which has cost us masses of forests. What’s more, sign up for voluntary work initiated by communities and organizations committed/devoted to environmental protection. By working as a volunteer, we can not only do our bit but build our character. In addition, school activities like dramas, poster design and lectures themed with wildlife preservation/protection will be of help in raising public awareness of endangered species. Join us and do something for our shared home. Together, we can change course, saving wild animals and plants from overexploitation./Your small step today will make a huge difference to our future. 一、倡议书写作要点： 1. 说明倡议的背景； 2. 倡议的内容； 3. 发出呼吁。 二、倡议书可用句式： 1. I’m appealing to you to spend more time on reading. 2. In recent years, with the popularity of digital devices, students pay little attention to their handwriting. 3. Our handwriting is not as good as it was in the past. To solve the problem, we should do as follows. 4. In order to ease the present serious situation, all students had better do as follows. 5. It develops rapidly and now has become one of the hottest topics. But still, problems can’t be overlooked. 6. No one can deny the fact that .../It can be said with certainty that .../There’s no denying that .../There’s no doubt that .../Undoubtedly, ... /Without doubt, the environment is getting polluted more and more seriously. 7. It is suggested/advised that we should pay more attention to taking regular physical exercise. 8. From my point of view/From my perspective, it is up to us ourselves to make a reasonable plan for our future. 9. It’s everyone’s responsibility to protect the environment. If we can change our way of life, we can make a big difference to the earth. 10. Everyone ought to have a positive attitude toward/to the campaign against the disease. 11. Such measures/action can surely improve air quality, so let’s start from now on. 12. Hopefully, you can join in the action and offer help to those in need. 13. It’s high time that we took (一般过去时) measures to change the situation. 14. Every effort counts/matters/makes a difference. Let’s work together to make the world a better place. 15. Please keep in mind that a small action can make a huge difference. 16. Let’s take action right now! I’m convinced our efforts will eventually pay off. 17. Hoping to see you participate in the activity! Take action now and you won’t regret it! 18. Let’s make joint efforts to create a green and harmonious environment. · 假如你是李华，上周末去某个岛上游玩，看见很多可爱的动物，听岛上的一位老人说，现在动物的数量日渐减少，如果不采取措施，有些动物可能会灭绝。回来后你给校报写信，就保护野生动物提出一些建议。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Sample writing: Dear Sir/Madam， Animals are our friends, which are very important to our world. We should try our best to protect them. However, some wild animals are in danger of / on the verge of extinction. It is human’s activities that have damaged some animals’ habitats. Some hunters harmed them to make a profit. In addition, some wild animals have died due to the terrible climate. As a consequence, many rare wild animals have disappeared from the earth. It is time that we took/should take some measures to protect the animals. The government should make some laws to protect them. It is our duty to make the earth a nice place for the wild animals to live in. Yours, Li Hua · 环境保护篇 · 你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。 内容包括： 1. 海洋的重要性； 2. 保护海洋的倡议。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 短文的题目和首句已为你写好。 Sample writing: When it comes to ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more serious. World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation. Ocean plays a key role in our world. Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food, but also it maintains the balance of nature. Thus, it is imperative to protect ocean. First of all, what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions. For example, garbage can’t be thrown into ocean. What’s more, we can also hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean. The more people are involved, the better the ocean environment is. All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting ocean. To protect ocean is to protect ourselves. · 环保举措篇 · 假定你是李华。6月5日是世界环境日 (World Environment Day)，你校将开展一次以“Building a better home”为题的演讲比赛。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括: 1. 世界环境日的宗旨； 2. 你的做法； 3. 你的呼吁。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80左右: 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear teachers and fellow students, World Environment Day is marked on June 5 every year, which aims to encourage/stir/arouse/raise awareness and action for the protection of the environment. To answer its call, I go to school by bike or on foot instead of taking the bus. At home I turn off the tap while brushing my teeth. Besides, I often donate the used textbooks to the students of lower grades. I believe all these steps taken can help lower my impact on the environment. The earth is our common home. Let's take action to build a better one for all of us! That's all. Thank you! Yours, Li Hua · 上周末，你和同学参加了一次校园清理活动。请你以“A Clean-up Activity”为题给学校英语报写一篇新闻报道，介绍这次活动，内容包括： 1. 活动目的； 2. 活动过程； 3. 活动意义。 注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 4. 不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 Sample writing: A clean-up activity In order to help beautify our school campus, our class organized/launched a clean-up activity around our school last weekend. After having the sixth class, we jumped into action. We were divided into two groups: one group cleaned up the playground, the park and the public places while the other put the sign “No littering” at the proper places and called on our schoolmates, workers and teachers to protect our environment. After three hours’ hard work, we were happy to see that our school campus looked much cleaner than before. The activity turned out to be a great success, which not only raised public awareness of environmental protection but also enriched our school life. · 假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Chris给你发来电子邮件，询问你校正在开展的“低碳生活”（low-carbon lifestyle）活动的情况。请就以下几个方面的活动内容用英语写一封邮件回复。 （1）上学（骑自行车）； （2）校内（节电节水）； （3）你对该活动的看法。 注意: （1）词数80左右； （2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； （3）开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Sample writing: Dear Chris, I’ m happy to receive your e-mail asking about what we are doing to promote a low-carbon lifestyle. Now let me tell you something about it. All of us are devoted to the activity. We choose to go to school by bike rather than by bus or car to reduce the release of greenhouse gases. Besides, we take action to save electricity and water such as ensuring the lights are switched off and turning off the tap after we wash our hands. As far as I’ m concerned, the activity highlights the importance of environmental protection and helps me establish a low-carbon lifestyle. Best wishes. Yours, Li Hua · 你校将以三月二十二日世界水日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。 内容包括； 1. 水的重要性； 2. 节约用水和保护水资源的倡议。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Sample writing: Water—the Source of Life March 22nd marks the World Water Day, which serves as a reminder for us of how important water is to life on Earth. As we all know, water plays a vital role in many aspects/regards. Plants and animals need water. So do people’ lives and production. It is no exaggeration to say that where there is water, there is life. However, with the rapid development of agriculture and industry, increasing water is needed but a great many rivers and lakes are polluted. Therefore, urgent measures are supposed to be taken. It’ s high time that we made joint efforts to save and protect water! · 城市环境篇 · 假如你是李华，是校刊记者，请你为校刊写一篇英语短文，介绍最近在我国很多城市发生的雾霭（haze）天气。请参考以下要点： 危害；原因；如何自我防护； 注意： 1、词数100左右； 2、开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Sample writing: Recently haze pollution has happened/occurred/ taken place in many cities of China. It is one of the most dangerous weather conditions. Many accidents have occurred due to low visibility caused by haze. What's worse, it also affects our health. If breathing in haze, people may feel uncomfortable and get ill. The reason for haze is air pollution, which results from waste gas releases from cars, factories or constructed sites. In view of the above, we do need to protect ourselves from haze pollution .First of all, in case of haze pollution, neither should we open the windows nor take exercise before the sun rises and after sunset. Besides, we'd better wear masks when we go outside. What's more, we should eat more fruit, from which we can get enough vitamins to build up the resistance to diseases. · 假定你是某重点高中学生会主席李华，你市正在迎接创建全国文明城市检查，请你以学生会名义写一篇倡议书，倡议大家积极为创建文明城市做准备，内容应包括： 1. 发出倡议的原因。 2. 倡议的具体内容及实施方案（如：爱护公共环境；遵守交通规则；提倡志愿服务精神等）。 3. 呼吁共同参与。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 文章开头和结尾已给出，不计算入总词数。 全国文明城市a National civilized city； 志愿服务精神volunteerism Sample writing: Dear fellow students, It is known to all that our city is trying to build a national civilized city to create a better living environment for us. I am writing to call on all of you to make joint efforts towards this goal. As students, we can do many things to help. First of all, it’ s important to care for the public environment and keep our school clean. For example, we mustn’ t drop litter or make loud noise. Second, we are always supposed to obey the traffic rules. Third, it would be helpful to have the volunteerism and volunteer in our spare time encouraging other citizens to behave properly. More importantly, improving ourselves is a good way to make us more civilized. Dear fellow students, let’ s work together to make our city a better place! Thank you! The Students’ Union — First — Clear waters and green mountains are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver. 绿水青山就是金山银山。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$