精品解析：浙江省杭州市周边重点中学四校联考2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题

2024学年第一学期高二年级10月四校联考 英语学科试题 考生须知： 1. 本卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟； 2. 答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字； 3. 所有答案必须写在答题卷上，写在试卷上无效； 4. 考试结束后，只需上交答题卷。 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分 20分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题 1分，满分 5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where will the woman probably go first? A. To a cinema. B. To a supermarket. C. To a bank. 2. Why does the man refuse the woman's request? A. The heating is broken. B. He can't afford the heating bill. C. He doesn't like to use the heating. 3. What does the woman most probably want to do? A. Apply to Island Air for the job. B. Get some work experience first. C. Take a training course. 4. What does the man think of his history teacher? A. Respectable. B. Annoying. C. Talkative. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. A website. B. A piece of music. C. A T- shirt. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分 15 分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What age group is the game good for? A. From 10 to 19. B. From 8 to 13. C. From 6 to 12. 7 Where is Black's PC shop? A. On Marsden Street. B. On Hunter Road. C. Next to Walker's store. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Advertiser and advertising agent. B. Business partners. C. Workmates. 9. Why was the company unsuccessful in Japan? A. The target group between Japan and America is different. B. The name of the company scared off customers. C. The marketing strategies didn’t work. 听第8段材料，回答第10至 12题。 10. What is the man doing? A. Giving directions. B. Offering an invitation. C. Asking for information. 11. Where is the registrar's office? A. Opposite the library. B. In the classroom building. C. In the red brick building. 12. What does the man offer to do for the woman? A. Have dinner with her. B. Show her around the school. C. Accompany her to the registration. 听第9段材料, 回答第 13 至 16题。 13. Why did the man miss his connecting flight? A. His plane arrived late. B. He took a wrong plane. C. He didn't catch the earliest flight. 14. When will the man's connecting flight depart? A. At 3: 00. B. At 4: 30. C. At 7: 00. 15. Where is the man now? A. In Munich. B. In Denver. C. In Chicago. 16. What does the man want to do? A. Ask the technicians for help. B. Attend the meeting online. C. Have the meeting videotaped. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. Who are the listeners? A. Servers. B. Cashiers. C. Students. 18. Which is mentioned by the speaker? A. Where to apply for a dotcom job. B. Why to choose a dotcom job. C. How to get a dotcom job. 19. What do students enjoy most when doing dotcom jobs? A. Respect. B. High pay. C. Good experience. 20. Why do some university students drop out to start their own dotcoms? A. Dotcoms need little money and few skills. B. Dotcoms demand little working experience. C. Dotcoms require few formal qualifications. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Four Ways Your Cat Tries to Communicate with You Cats are amazing creatures, and while they can’t talk to us, they certainly know how to communicate their needs and feelings. It’s just up to us to learn how to listen to what they are saying. Meowing Cats meow at their owners for several reasons, including: to ask for food, to greet people, to ask for attention, to let you know they want to go outside/come inside. In addition, elderly cats suffering from cognitive disfunction, similar to Alzheimer’s Disease (阿尔茨海默症) in humans, may meow due to becoming confused or disoriented, so we encourage you to schedule an appointment with us if your senior cat seems confused or is meowing more than usual. Purring While cats do purr as a sign of contentment, they also do it as a self-comforting mechanism when sick, stressed or injured. If your cat is purring but also showing signs that something may be wrong, like hiding more than usual or refusing food/water, they could be sick or in pain. Tail Posture If they hold their tail straight up and have relaxed fur, they’re likely to feel happy or curious. But if their fur stands on end while their tail is straight, this indicates fear or anger. Holding the tail low or hidden between the legs indicates insecurity, and a tail that’s rapidly twitching back and forth suggests anxiety. Rubbing When your cat rubs against your legs or gives you head butts, they are telling you that they love you. That is not the only thing they are doing, though! Cats rub their bodies and cheeks against people and objects to mark their territory and to claim humans, other cats, and various objects as their own. 1. When cats are sick or in pain, what are they likely to do? A Meow at their owners. B. Rub against your legs. C. Purr and refuse food. D. Hold their tail straight up. 2. What may a cat show when it hides its tail between legs? A. Insecurity. B. Depression. C. Curiosity. D. Happiness. 3. Who provides this text most probably? A. A cat sitter. B. A cat owner. C. An animal shelter. D. A pet healthcare centre. B 阅读理解。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 Soon, you’ re going to have to move out!” cried my neighbor upon seeing the largest tomato plant known to mankind, or at least known in my neighborhood. One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for $1. 25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door. Roses require a good deal of care, and if it weren’t for the pleasure they give, it wouldn’ t be worth the work. As it is, I have a garden full of sweet-smelling roses for most of the year. Bushes must be pruned (剪枝) in early spring, leaving ugly woody branches until the new growth appears a few weeks later. It was the space available in the garden that led me into planting just one little tomato plant. A big mistake. Soil conditions made just perfect for roses turn out to be even more perfect for tomatoes. The daily watering coupled with full sun and regular fertilizing (施肥) have turned the little plant into a tall bush. The cage I placed around it as the plant grew has long disappeared under the thick leaves. Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold. First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw (缩回) my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won. I found two full-blown white roses completely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June. But they were weak and the leaves already yellow for lack of light. Here I am faced with a painful small decision: To tear up a wonderful and productive tomato plant that offers up between ten and twenty ripe sweet tomatoes each day or say goodbye to several expensive and treasured roses. Like Scarlett in Gone With the Wind I’ ll think about that tomorrow. 4. What are the requirements for the healthy growth of rose? A. Frequent pruning and fertilizing. B. A lot of care and the right soil. C. Tomato plants grown alongside. D. Cages placed around the roots. 5. The writer planted the tomato plant because______. A. there was room for it in the garden B. the soil was just right for it C. it cost only $1. 25 D. the roses’ branches needed to be covered 6. This year the writer’s roses were_______. A. removed from the rose bed B. largely hidden under the tomato plant C. mostly damaged by too much sunlight D. picked along with the tomatoes 7. By saying “the prize so dearly won” in Paragraph 5, the writer wants to_________. A. express her liking for the roses B. show the hardship of growing the roses C. show the difficulty in picking the tomatoes D. express her care for the tomatoes C One morning a few years ago, Harvard President Neil Rudenstine overslept. For this busy man, it was a sort of alarm: after years of non-stop hard work, he might wear himself out and die an early death. Only after a week’s leave—— during which he read novels, listened to music and walked with his wife on a beach—— was Rudenstine able to return to work. In our modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. Amazingly, within this world there is a universal but silly saying: “I am so busy.” We say this to one another as if our tireless efforts were a talent by nature and an ability to successfully deal with stress. The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, and to be unable to find time to relax—— this has become the model of a successful life. Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We miss the guide telling us where to go, the food providing is with strength, the quiet giving us wisdom. How have we allowed this to happen? I believe it is this: we have forgotten the Sabbath, the day of the week—— for followers of some religions—— for rest and praying. It is a day when we are not supposed to work, a time when we devote ourselves to enjoying and celebrating what is beautiful. It is a good time to bless our children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, walk and sleep. It is a time for us to take a rest, to put our work aside, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world. Rest is s spiritual and biological need; however, in our strong ambition to be successful and care for our many responsibilities, we may feel terribly guilty when we take time to rest. The Sabbath gives us permission to stop work. In fact, “Remember the Sabbath” is more than simply permission to rest; it is a rule to obey and a principle to follow. 8. The “alarm” in the first paragraph refers to “_______”. A. a signal of stress B. a warning of danger C. a sign of age D. a spread of disease 9. According to Paragraph 4, a successful person is one who is believed to _______. A. be able to work without stress B. be more talented than other people C. be more important than anyone else D. be busying working without time to rest 10. Some people feel guilty when taking time to rest because they _______. A. think that taking a rest means lacking ambitions B. fail to realize that rest is an essential part of life C. fail to realize that religions force them to rest D. think that taking a rest means being lazy 11. What is the main idea of this passage? A. We should balance work with rest. B. The Sabbath gives us permission to rest. C. It is silly for anyone to say “I am busy.” D. We should be available to our family and friends. D California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素). The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent. Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源). But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪). Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. 12. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California. B. The increasing variety of California big trees. C. The distribution of big trees in California forests. D. The influence of farming on big trees in California. 13. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees? A. Ecological studies of forests. B. Banning woodcutting. C. Limiting housing development. D. Fire control measures. 14. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre? A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season. C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone? B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests? D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California 第二节（共5小题；每小题 2. 5 分，满分 12. 5 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why Do We Get Angry? Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. ___16___ Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. _____17_____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits. Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ____18____ Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred. ___19___Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger. ___20___However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings. A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well. B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger. C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it. D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry. E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind. F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye. G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分 15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Perhaps you’ve heard the old saying “curiosity killed the cat. ” It’s a phrase that’s often used to ___21___ people — especially children — not to ask too many questions. Yet it’s widely agreed that ___22___ actually makes learning more enjoyable and effective. ___23___ research has shown that curiosity is just as important as intelligence in ___24___ how well students do in school. Curiosity also ___25___ us to embrace unfamiliar circumstances, brings excitement into our lives, and opens up new possibilities. Being curious requires us to be both humble enough to know we don’t have all the answers, and brave enough to ___26___ it. Asking the questions that help us ___27___ the gap between what we already know and what we’d like to know can lead us to make unexpected discoveries. In science, basic curiosity-driven researc — conducted without pressure to produce immediate practical results — can have ___28___ and incredibly important benefits. ___29___, one day in 1831, Michael Faraday was playing around with a coil (线圈) and a magnet (磁铁) ___30___ he suddenly saw how he could generate an electrical current. At first, it wasn’t clear what use this would have, but it actually made ___31___ available for use in technology, and so changed the world. Unsurprisingly, there are chemical and evolutionary theories to ___32___ why humans are such curious creatures. When we become curious, our brains ___33___ a chemical called dopamine (多巴胺) , which makes the process of learning more pleasurable and improves memory. It is still not known why learning gives us such ___34___ but one theory is that we may have developed a basic need to fight uncertainty — the more we understand about the world around us, the more ___35___ we are to survive its many dangers! 21. A. warn B. scold C. beg D. order 22. A. creativity B. intelligence C. curiosity D. imagination 23. A. As a result B. In turn C. In addition D. In fact 24. A. checking B. determining C. discovering D. describing 25. A. allows B. requires C. convinces D. reminds 26. A. know B. deny C. admit D. report 27. A. ignore B. bridge C. widen D. identify 28. A. unfamiliar B. unnecessary C. unexpected D. uncertain 29. A. For example B. In return C. For one thing D. As a consequence 30. A. then B. as C. while D. when 31. A. fuel B. electricity C. magnet D. energy 32. A. prove B. indicate C. explain D. evaluate 33. A. release B. reduce C. reproduce D. refresh 34. A. comfort B. pleasure C. relaxation D. pain 35. A. possible B. potential C. definite D. likely 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Easy Ways to Build Vocabulary It’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it’s ___36___ ongoing process, and the best part of the process is ___37___ there’s enough room for improvement, ___38___ means you’ll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn’t think that a few months’ of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life, ___39___ that’s also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon, you will find that you have an ___40___ (excel) vocabulary. One of the most effective ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to really read at least one good book a week, ___41___ (preferable) a classic. This isn’t as hard as it ___42___ (sound) , and it is far better than any other method ___43___ you improve your vocabulary while reading an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and their use unconsciously, ___44___ (mean) that you will tend to use the words ___45___ (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友John来信说他们学校要组织中英文化交流项目，他要负责策划学校举办的中国文化节，但不知道如何将文化节办好，请你给他回信提一些建议，内容包括： 1.文化节活动项目； 2.学校间文化交流的意义； 3.你对他的鼓励。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear John _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Today was Community Service Day at school. Maya’s class was going to make cards for the seniors living in a nursing home. It was also the first day Maya would be wearing her leg brace (腿支架) to school, which was designed to help her walk more steadily and smoothly. It was a cold autumn morning, Maya looked down, feeling embarrassed. To make it lovelier, she had delicately decorated the brace with pretty butterfly patterns. Still, she was unsure about others’ reaction. All morning at school, kids kept glancing at her brace. To her relief, they didn’t say anything. In the classroom, Maya was drawing little green buds (芽) and pretty flowers when her friend Samir came over and sat by her. She felt his eyes fixed on her brace and heard him asking, “What’s that for?” Not knowing what to say, Maya pretended she didn’t hear him. After a few seconds of awkwardness, she glanced back at him, and found that he looked a little sad. After lunch, the class set off. The nursing home was on a small hill and all of them walked there happily along the path. Maya found that the brace did make it easier for her to walk up. Maya and Samir were paired up with a lady who was 83 years old. There at the end of the hall in a wheelchair, with a big smile on her face, sat the lady, wearing a pink coat, with red lipstick and beautiful earrings. She looked bright and full of life. Moving flexibly and fast towards Maya and Samir, she greeted first. “I’m Joan, ” she said cheerfully, “Glad to meet you. ” Maya and Samir handed her the cards they made. Joan looked at Samir’s card carefully and spoke with admiration, “You’ve written a poem! That’s so artistic!” Samir’s face reddened with shyness. Then Joan turned to Maya’s picture. “The first flowers of spring!” she cried in delight. “You really have a gift for using colour!” she said. Clearly, Joan’s praise added great power into Maya. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 In a sudden wave of bravery, Maya asked, “What’s it like being in a wheelchair?” ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Deeply impressed by Joan, Maya offered to sit beside Samir on the bus ride back home. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 听力 1—5 CBAAC 6—10 BACBA 11—15 CBABC 16—20 BCBAC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024学年第一学期高二年级10月四校联考 英语学科试题 考生须知： 1. 本卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟； 2. 答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字； 3. 所有答案必须写在答题卷上，写在试卷上无效； 4. 考试结束后，只需上交答题卷。 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分 20分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题 1分，满分 5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where will the woman probably go first? A. To a cinema. B. To a supermarket. C. To a bank. 2. Why does the man refuse the woman's request? A. The heating is broken. B. He can't afford the heating bill. C. He doesn't like to use the heating. 3. What does the woman most probably want to do? A. Apply to Island Air for the job. B. Get some work experience first. C. Take a training course. 4. What does the man think of his history teacher? A. Respectable. B. Annoying. C. Talkative. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. A website. B. A piece of music. C. A T- shirt. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分 15 分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What age group is the game good for? A. From 10 to 19. B. From 8 to 13. C. From 6 to 12. 7. Where is Black's PC shop? A. On Marsden Street. B. On Hunter Road. C. Next to Walker's store. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Advertiser and advertising agent. B. Business partners. C. Workmates. 9. Why was the company unsuccessful in Japan? A. The target group between Japan and America is different. B. The name of the company scared off customers. C. The marketing strategies didn’t work. 听第8段材料，回答第10至 12题。 10. What is the man doing? A. Giving directions. B. Offering an invitation. C. Asking for information. 11. Where is the registrar's office? A. Opposite the library. B. In the classroom building. C. In the red brick building. 12. What does the man offer to do for the woman? A. Have dinner with her. B. Show her around the school. C. Accompany her to the registration. 听第9段材料, 回答第 13 至 16题。 13. Why did the man miss his connecting flight? A. His plane arrived late. B. He took a wrong plane. C. He didn't catch the earliest flight. 14. When will the man's connecting flight depart? A. At 3: 00. B. At 4: 30. C. At 7: 00. 15. Where is the man now? A. In Munich. B. In Denver. C. In Chicago. 16. What does the man want to do? A. Ask the technicians for help. B. Attend the meeting online. C. Have the meeting videotaped. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. Who are the listeners? A. Servers. B. Cashiers. C. Students. 18. Which is mentioned by the speaker? A. Where to apply for a dotcom job. B. Why to choose a dotcom job. C. How to get a dotcom job. 19. What do students enjoy most when doing dotcom jobs? A. Respect. B. High pay. C. Good experience. 20. Why do some university students drop out to start their own dotcoms? A. Dotcoms need little money and few skills. B. Dotcoms demand little working experience. C. Dotcoms require few formal qualifications. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Four Ways Your Cat Tries to Communicate with You Cats are amazing creatures, and while they can’t talk to us, they certainly know how to communicate their needs and feelings. It’s just up to us to learn how to listen to what they are saying. Meowing Cats meow at their owners for several reasons, including: to ask for food, to greet people, to ask for attention, to let you know they want to go outside/come inside. In addition, elderly cats suffering from cognitive disfunction, similar to Alzheimer’s Disease (阿尔茨海默症) in humans, may meow due to becoming confused or disoriented, so we encourage you to schedule an appointment with us if your senior cat seems confused or is meowing more than usual. Purring While cats do purr as a sign of contentment, they also do it as a self-comforting mechanism when sick, stressed or injured. If your cat is purring but also showing signs that something may be wrong, like hiding more than usual or refusing food/water, they could be sick or in pain. Tail Posture If they hold their tail straight up and have relaxed fur, they’re likely to feel happy or curious. But if their fur stands on end while their tail is straight, this indicates fear or anger. Holding the tail low or hidden between the legs indicates insecurity, and a tail that’s rapidly twitching back and forth suggests anxiety. Rubbing When your cat rubs against your legs or gives you head butts, they are telling you that they love you. That is not the only thing they are doing, though! Cats rub their bodies and cheeks against people and objects to mark their territory and to claim humans, other cats, and various objects as their own. 1. When cats are sick or in pain, what are they likely to do? A. Meow at their owners. B. Rub against your legs. C. Purr and refuse food. D. Hold their tail straight up. 2. What may a cat show when it hides its tail between legs? A. Insecurity. B. Depression. C. Curiosity. D. Happiness. 3. Who provides this text most probably? A. A cat sitter. B. A cat owner. C. An animal shelter. D. A pet healthcare centre. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了和宠物猫咪交流的四种方式。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“If your cat is purring but also showing signs that something may be wrong, like hiding more than usual or refusing food/water, they could be sick or in pain.”（如果你的猫咪正在咕噜咕噜地叫，但同时也表现出可能出了问题的迹象，比如比平时藏得更多或者拒绝食物/水，它们可能生病了或者很痛苦。）可知，猫咪生病或很痛苦的时候，它们会咕噜咕噜叫或者拒绝食物。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Holding the tail low or hidden between the legs indicates insecurity, and a tail that’s rapidly twitching back and forth suggests anxiety.”（把尾巴放低或藏在两腿之间表示不安全感，尾巴快速来回抽动表示焦虑。）可知，当猫咪把尾巴藏在两腿之间，表示它们感觉到了不安全感。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章标题“Four Ways Your Cat Tries to Communicate with You”（你的猫试图和你交流的四种方式）及第一段“Cats are amazing creatures, and while they can’t talk to us, they certainly know how to communicate their needs and feelings. It’s just up to us to learn how to listen to what they are saying.”（猫是神奇的生物，虽然它们不能和我们说话，但它们当然知道如何交流它们的需求和感受。只有我们才能学会如何倾听它们所说的话。）可知，本文主要讲述了和宠物猫咪交流的四种方式，而了解猫咪的生活特点的只有宠物保健中心的工作人员熟悉，因而文章可能是宠物保健中心的人提供的。故选D。 B 阅读理解。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 Soon, you’ re going to have to move out!” cried my neighbor upon seeing the largest tomato plant known to mankind, or at least known in my neighborhood. One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for $1. 25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door. Roses require a good deal of care, and if it weren’t for the pleasure they give, it wouldn’ t be worth the work. As it is, I have a garden full of sweet-smelling roses for most of the year. Bushes must be pruned (剪枝) in early spring, leaving ugly woody branches until the new growth appears a few weeks later. It was the space available in the garden that led me into planting just one little tomato plant. A big mistake. Soil conditions made just perfect for roses turn out to be even more perfect for tomatoes. The daily watering coupled with full sun and regular fertilizing (施肥) have turned the little plant into a tall bush. The cage I placed around it as the plant grew has long disappeared under the thick leaves. Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold. First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw (缩回) my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won. I found two full-blown white roses completely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June. But they were weak and the leaves already yellow for lack of light. Here I am faced with a painful small decision: To tear up a wonderful and productive tomato plant that offers up between ten and twenty ripe sweet tomatoes each day or say goodbye to several expensive and treasured roses. Like Scarlett in Gone With the Wind, I’ ll think about that tomorrow. 4. What are the requirements for the healthy growth of rose? A. Frequent pruning and fertilizing. B. A lot of care and the right soil. C. Tomato plants grown alongside. D. Cages placed around the roots. 5. The writer planted the tomato plant because______. A. there was room for it in the garden B. the soil was just right for it C. it cost only $1. 25 D. the roses’ branches needed to be covered 6. This year the writer’s roses were_______. A. removed from the rose bed B. largely hidden under the tomato plant C. mostly damaged by too much sunlight D. picked along with the tomatoes 7. By saying “the prize so dearly won” in Paragraph 5, the writer wants to_________. A. express her liking for the roses B. show the hardship of growing the roses C. show the difficulty in picking the tomatoes D. express her care for the tomatoes 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者种西红柿的经历。作者在春天偶然栽种的一棵西红柿长成后个头非常大，影响到了园中的玫瑰花，作者在享受西红柿美味的同时，又难以割舍珍贵的玫瑰花，面对两种选择，作者举棋不定。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Roses require a good deal of care, and if it weren’t for the pleasure they give, it wouldn’ t be worth the work. (玫瑰需要精心呵护，如果不是为了它带来的乐趣，它就不值得花那么多功夫)”和第四段中的“Soil conditions made just perfect for roses turn out to be even more perfect for tomatoes.(正好适合玫瑰生长的土壤条件对番茄来说更完美)”可知，玫瑰健康生长需要大量的照料和正确的土壤。故选B项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。从第三段倒数第二句“It was the space available in the garden that led me into planting just one little tomato plant. (是因为花园里有足够的空间，我才种了一株小小的番茄)”可知，作家种西红柿是因为花园里有空地。故选A项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for $1. 25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door. (花1美元买了一株9英寸的小植物，在春天的时候，它已经占据了我的大部分玫瑰花圃，覆盖了很多其他的植物，而且很快就会到达前门)”可知，西红柿已经盖住了玫瑰花。故选B项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据本段首句中the task可知，作者将摘西红柿看成是一项“任务”；以及“First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw (缩回) my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won. (首先，我必须在叶子中找到红色的，这意味着我几乎要倒立起来，一旦找到了，我就必须把手伸到下面，摘起西红柿，然后收回我的拳头，不让我来之不易的奖品掉下去)”可知，在第5段中，作者想通过说“来之不易的奖品”来表达摘西红柿的困难。故选C项。 C One morning a few years ago, Harvard President Neil Rudenstine overslept. For this busy man, it was a sort of alarm: after years of non-stop hard work, he might wear himself out and die an early death. Only after a week’s leave—— during which he read novels, listened to music and walked with his wife on a beach—— was Rudenstine able to return to work. In our modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. Amazingly, within this world there is a universal but silly saying: “I am so busy.” We say this to one another as if our tireless efforts were a talent by nature and an ability to successfully deal with stress. The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, and to be unable to find time to relax—— this has become the model of a successful life. Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We miss the guide telling us where to go, the food providing is with strength, the quiet giving us wisdom. How have we allowed this to happen? I believe it is this: we have forgotten the Sabbath, the day of the week—— for followers of some religions—— for rest and praying. It is a day when we are not supposed to work, a time when we devote ourselves to enjoying and celebrating what is beautiful. It is a good time to bless our children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, walk and sleep. It is a time for us to take a rest, to put our work aside, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world. Rest is s spiritual and biological need; however, in our strong ambition to be successful and care for our many responsibilities, we may feel terribly guilty when we take time to rest. The Sabbath gives us permission to stop work. In fact, “Remember the Sabbath” is more than simply permission to rest; it is a rule to obey and a principle to follow. 8. The “alarm” in the first paragraph refers to “_______”. A. a signal of stress B. a warning of danger C. a sign of age D. a spread of disease 9. According to Paragraph 4, a successful person is one who is believed to _______. A. be able to work without stress B. be more talented than other people C. be more important than anyone else D. be busying working without time to rest 10. Some people feel guilty when taking time to rest because they _______. A. think that taking a rest means lacking ambitions B. fail to realize that rest is an essential part of life C. fail to realize that religions force them to rest D. think that taking a rest means being lazy 11. What is the main idea of this passage? A. We should balance work with rest. B. The Sabbath gives us permission to rest. C. It is silly for anyone to say “I am busy.” D. We should be available to our family and friends. 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。本文通过哈佛教授多年无休止的工作，最后由于身体不适，不得不休息一段时间再回去工作这件事，来进一步说明工作是必须的，但是休息也是精神和生理的需要，我们要做好工作和休息的平衡。 【8题详解】 词义猜测题。根据下句after years of non-stop hard work, he might wear himself out and die an early death.（几年无休止的辛勤工作，可能会让他耗尽自己的精力，并且早衰而亡），可知“alarm”指的是危险的警告，故选B。 【9题详解】 判断推理题。根据第四段The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, and to be unable to find time to relax—— this has become the model of a successful life.（我们越忙，我们对自己和他人就显得越重要。无法与朋友和家人相聚，无法找到时间放松——这已成为成功生活的典范。）由此推知，根据第四自然段，一个成功的人就是忙于工作，没时间休息的人。故选D。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Rest is s spiritual and biological need; however, in our strong ambition to be successful and care for our many responsibilities, we may feel terribly guilty when we take time to rest. 可知一些人花时休息时，感到愧疚是因为他们没有意识到休息是生活必需的一部分。故选B。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。本文通过哈佛教授多年无休止的工作，最后由于身体不适，不得不休息一段时间，再回去工作这件事，来进一步说明工作是必须的，但是休息也是精神和生理的需要，我们要做好工作和休息的平衡。选项B、C、D只是文章提到的某一方面，不能概括全文主旨。故选A。 D California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素). The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent. Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源). But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪). Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. 12. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California. B. The increasing variety of California big trees. C. The distribution of big trees in California forests. D. The influence of farming on big trees in California. 13. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees? A. Ecological studies of forests. B. Banning woodcutting. C. Limiting housing development. D. Fire control measures. 14. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre? A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season. C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone? B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests? D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。根据一项研究显示，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，而气候变化似乎是其主要因素。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).可知，对野火的控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，与大树争夺资源，也就是对野火的控制是善意的，但对大树产生了不利的影响。故选D。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是温度升高，这导致树木向空气中流失更多的水分，以及更早的融雪，这减少了旱季对树木的供水量。故选C。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选项A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题 2. 5 分，满分 12. 5 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why Do We Get Angry? Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. ___16___ Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. _____17_____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits. Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ____18____ Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred. ___19___Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger. ___20___However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings. A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well. B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger. C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it. D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry. E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind. F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye. G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another. 【答案】16. F 17. G 18. E 19. A 20. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了导致人们生气的三个原因并指出如何防止愤怒爆发。 【16题详解】 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到导致人们生气的三个主要原因： triggering（触发）events，personality traits（特征），our assessment of situations，下面的几段具体分析了这三个原因与生气的关系。故该句应该起承上启下的作用，故F选项（如果我们愿意用批判性的目光来评估自己的话，那么了解这些原因将会控制我们的愤怒。）承上启下，故选F。 【17题详解】 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。该空前面两句提到引发愤怒的事件很多，例如：堵车，截止日期临近，身体疼痛等。下一句提到：某件事会激发一个人的怒气，但其他人却不会为此而生气的原因是由于个人的历史和心理特征。该空承上启下，应当提到某件事会使某些人生气，但不会使别人生气这个现象，故G选项（人们对这些事情的反应不一样，这就导致使一个人生气的事情可能会让另一个人生气，也可能不会让另一个人生气。）承上启下，故选G。 【18题详解】 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到：每个人都有自己的心里不平衡的地方。那些比较好强，气量比较小的人更容易生气。下一句提到：而且，有时候，pre-anger并不一定是一种持久的状态，而是一种触发事件发生前的暂时状态。该空承上启下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一句中的pre-anger，故Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind. （拥有这些个性特征意味着愤怒之前的状态，愤怒就在你的大脑背景中。）承上启下，故选E。 【19题详解】 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：有时候，甚至常规性事件也会变成pre-anger或恼怒的来源。有时候对这些情况的无知和负面观点会产生愤怒。该空位于段首，引出下文，故A选项（我们的对情况的态度和看法也会在我们内心产生愤怒。）是本段的主题句，概括全段内容，故选A。 【20题详解】 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：但是生气很容易转变为暴力，所以最好了解一下愤怒的原因来阻止它的存在。该句和上一句之间是转折关系，结合剩余选项可知，D选项（愤怒是一种特别强烈的感情，或许人们认为他们有理由生气。）和下文构成转折关系，故选D。 点睛：七选五解题策略之一：词语复现 词语复现包括原词复现和同反义词复现，及正确选项和空格前后句子有相同的词或同反义词相互呼应。抓住这些复现线索，题目自然迎刃而解。在第一小题中，空前的the main reasons和G选项中的these reasons属于原词复现。第二小题空前文提到的trigger，G选项中的trigger，和空后一句中的trigger也属于原词复现。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分 15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Perhaps you’ve heard the old saying “curiosity killed the cat. ” It’s a phrase that’s often used to ___21___ people — especially children — not to ask too many questions. Yet it’s widely agreed that ___22___ actually makes learning more enjoyable and effective. ___23___ research has shown that curiosity is just as important as intelligence in ___24___ how well students do in school. Curiosity also ___25___ us to embrace unfamiliar circumstances, brings excitement into our lives, and opens up new possibilities. Being curious requires us to be both humble enough to know we don’t have all the answers, and brave enough to ___26___ it. Asking the questions that help us ___27___ the gap between what we already know and what we’d like to know can lead us to make unexpected discoveries. In science, basic curiosity-driven researc — conducted without pressure to produce immediate practical results — can have ___28___ and incredibly important benefits. ___29___, one day in 1831, Michael Faraday was playing around with a coil (线圈) and a magnet (磁铁) ___30___ he suddenly saw how he could generate an electrical current. At first, it wasn’t clear what use this would have, but it actually made ___31___ available for use in technology, and so changed the world. Unsurprisingly, there are chemical and evolutionary theories to ___32___ why humans are such curious creatures. When we become curious, our brains ___33___ a chemical called dopamine (多巴胺) , which makes the process of learning more pleasurable and improves memory. It is still not known why learning gives us such ___34___ but one theory is that we may have developed a basic need to fight uncertainty — the more we understand about the world around us, the more ___35___ we are to survive its many dangers! 21. A. warn B. scold C. beg D. order 22. A. creativity B. intelligence C. curiosity D. imagination 23. A. As a result B. In turn C. In addition D. In fact 24. A. checking B. determining C. discovering D. describing 25. A. allows B. requires C. convinces D. reminds 26. A. know B. deny C. admit D. report 27. A. ignore B. bridge C. widen D. identify 28. A. unfamiliar B. unnecessary C. unexpected D. uncertain 29. A. For example B. In return C. For one thing D. As a consequence 30. A. then B. as C. while D. when 31. A. fuel B. electricity C. magnet D. energy 32. A. prove B. indicate C. explain D. evaluate 33. A. release B. reduce C. reproduce D. refresh 34. A. comfort B. pleasure C. relaxation D. pain 35. A. possible B. potential C. definite D. likely 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了好奇心对学习和个人成长的重要性及其科学基础。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个习语，常被用来警告人们，特别是孩子，不要问太多的问题。A. warn警告；B. scold责备；C. beg恳求；D. order命令。根据后文“people — especially children — not to ask too many questions”可知，这是对人们，特别是对孩子的警告。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，人们普遍认为好奇心实际上使学习更加愉快和有效。A. creativity创造力；B. intelligence智力；C. curiosity好奇心；D. imagination想象力。 根据后文“curiosity is just as important as intelligence”可知，这里讨论的是好奇心对学习的影响。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，研究表明好奇心在决定学生在学校表现如何方面与智力一样重要。A. As a result因此；B. In turn依次，轮流；反过来；C. In addition此外；D. In fact事实上。根据后文“research has shown that”可知，研究已经表明好奇心的重要性，此处表示“事实上”。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，研究表明好奇心在决定学生在学校表现如何方面与智力一样重要。A. checking检查；B. determining决定；C. discovering发现；D. describing描述。根据前文“curiosity is just as important as intelligence”及后文“how well students do in school”可知，此处指好奇心在决定学生在学校表现如何方面很重要。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：好奇心也让我们欣然接受陌生的环境，给我们的生活带来兴奋，并打开新的可能性。A. allows允许；B. requires要求；C. convinces说服；使信服；D. reminds提醒。根据句意及后文“us to embrace unfamiliar circumstances”可知，此处指好奇心让我们接受陌生的环境。allow sb to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有好奇心要求我们既要足够谦逊，知道自己并非无所不知，又要足够勇敢去承认这一点。A. know知道；B. deny否认；C. admit承认；D. report报告。根据句意及前文“humble enough to know we don’t have all the answers”可知，此处指足够勇敢去承认自己有所不知。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：问那些能帮助我们弥合已知与想知之间差距的问题，可以让我们做出意想不到的发现。A. ignore忽视；B. bridge弥合；C. widen加宽；D. identify识别。根据句意及后文“the gap between what we already know and what we’d like to know”可知，此处指弥合已知与想知之间的差距，通过提问来填补知识空白。bridge the gap意为“弥合差距”。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在科学领域，基于基本好奇心的研究——在没有压力要求产生即时实际结果的情况下进行——可以带来意想不到且极其重要的好处。A. unfamiliar不熟悉的；B. unnecessary不必要的；C. unexpected意想不到的；D. uncertain不确定的。根据句意及后文“incredibly(难以置信地)”可知，空格处表达的意思和incredibly 相近，表示基础研究的结果可能有意想不到的好处。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：例如，1831年的一天，迈克尔·法拉第在玩一个线圈和一个磁铁时，他突然看到了如何产生电流。A. For example例如；B. In return作为回报；C. For one thing一方面；D. As a consequence因此。根据句意及后文举例“  one day in 1831, Michael Faraday was playing around with a coil (线圈) and a magnet (磁铁)  10  he suddenly saw how he could generate an electrical current.”可知，此处举例说明前文的观点。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查连词辨析。句意：例如，1831年的一天，迈克尔·法拉第在玩一个线圈和一个磁铁时，他突然看到了如何产生电流。A. then然后；B. as当……时(强调主从句动作同时发生)；C. while当……时(强调主句动作在从句动作进行的过程中)；D. when当……时(表示某一时间点)。根据前文“was playing”可知，应用固定句型was doing sth when...(正在做某事突然……)。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，还不清楚这项发现有何用途，但它实际上为技术在电力方面的应用提供了可能，从而改变了世界。A. fuel燃料；B. electricity电力；C. magnet磁铁；D. energy能量。根据句意及前文“generate an electrical current”可知，此处指法拉第的发现与电力的应用有关。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：毫不奇怪，有化学和进化论来解释为什么人类是如此好奇的生物。A. prove证明；B. indicate表明；C. explain解释；D. evaluate评估。根据句意及后文“why humans are such curious creatures”可知，此处指的是理论试图解释好奇心的原因。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们感到好奇时，我们的大脑会释放一种叫做多巴胺的化学物质，这使学习过程更加愉快，并改善记忆。A. release释放；B. reduce减少；C. reproduce繁殖，复制；D. refresh刷新。根据句意及后文“a chemical called dopamine”可知，此处指大脑释放多巴胺。故选A。 34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么学习会给我们带来如此多的快乐仍然不清楚，但有一种理论是，我们可能已经发展出了一种对抗不确定性的基本需求——我们对周围世界的了解越多，就越有可能在应对其众多危险中生存下来！A. comfort安慰，舒适；B. pleasure快乐；C. relaxation放松；D. pain痛苦。根据句意及前文“which makes the process of learning more pleasurable and improves memory”可知，此处指学习带来的正面情绪，给我们带来如此多的快乐。故选B。 35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为什么学习会给我们带来如此多的快乐仍然不清楚，但有一种理论是，我们可能已经发展出了一种对抗不确定性的基本需求——我们对周围世界的了解越多，就越有可能在应对其众多危险中生存下来！A. possible可能的；B. potential潜在的；C. definite确定的；D. likely可能的。根据句意及后文“we are to survive its many dangers”可知，此处表示指的是可能性增加，且sb. be likely to do sth为固定搭配，意为“某人可能做某事”。故选D。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Easy Ways to Build Vocabulary It’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it’s ___36___ ongoing process, and the best part of the process is ___37___ there’s enough room for improvement, ___38___ means you’ll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn’t think that a few months’ of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life, ___39___ that’s also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon, you will find that you have an ___40___ (excel) vocabulary. One of the most effective ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to really read at least one good book a week, ___41___ (preferable) a classic. This isn’t as hard as it ___42___ (sound) , and it is far better than any other method ___43___ you improve your vocabulary while reading an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and their use unconsciously, ___44___ (mean) that you will tend to use the words ___45___ (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically. 【答案】36. an 37. that 38. which 39. and 40. excellent 41. preferably 42. sounds 43. because 44. meaning 45. learned##learnt 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了构建丰富词汇的方法，强调了持续阅读的重要性。 【36题详解】 考查冠词。句意：就像生活中的许多事情一样，它是一个持续的过程，这个过程中最棒的部分是有足够的改进空间，这意味着你将变得越来越好。根据空后的“ongoing process”可知，此处需要一个不定冠词来指代泛指的一个过程，process“过程”是可数名词单数形式，且ongoing是以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 【37题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：就像生活中的许多事情一样，它是一个持续的过程，这个过程中最棒的部分是有足够的改进空间，这意味着你将变得越来越好。分析句子结构可知，此处引导表语从句，从句成分和句意完整，需用that引导。故填that。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：就像生活中的许多事情一样，它是一个持续的过程，这个过程中最棒的部分是有足够的改进空间，这意味着你将变得越来越好。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子提到的情况，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 【39题详解】 考查连词。句意：你不会认为十几岁时几个月的锻炼就足以维持你一生的健康，同样，增加词汇量也是如此——你必须每天坚持下去，很快你就会发现你有了出色的词汇量。根据句意可知，前后两个句子为并列关系，将构建词汇量与锻炼身体进行类比，需用连词and连接。故填and。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：你不会认为十几岁时几个月的锻炼就足以维持你一生的健康，同样，增加词汇量也是如此——你必须每天坚持下去，很快你就会发现你有了出色的词汇量。根据句意及空后名词“vocabulary”可知，空处需用形容词excellent“优秀的，出色的”作定语，修饰名词vocabulary。故填excellent。 【41题详解】 考查副词。句意：你每周至少需要真正读一本好书，最好是经典著作。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处需用副词preferably强调后面的名词a classic，表示“最好，更可取的是”。故填preferably。 【42题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这并不像听起来那么难，而且它比任何其他方法都要好，因为你可以在阅读有趣的文学作品的同时提高词汇量。空处是as引导的比较状语从句中的谓语动词，根据句中isn’t可知，句子使用一般现在时，且从句主语it为第三人称单数，故谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填sounds。 【43题详解】 考查连词。句意：这并不像听起来那么难，而且它比任何其他方法都要好，因为你可以在阅读有趣的文学作品的同时提高词汇量。空后内容“you improve your vocabulary while reading an interesting piece of literature”解释前一句中提到的“it is far better than any other method”的原因，故空处需用连词because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：另一个好处是，你会在不知不觉中学习新单词和它们的用法，这意味着你会倾向于在对话中几乎自动地使用这种方式学到的新单词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，mean在句中应用非谓语动词形式，是由前半句所描述的情况自然导致的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故填meaning。 45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：另一个好处是，你会在不知不觉中学习新单词和它们的用法，这意味着你会倾向于在对话中几乎自动地使用这种方式学到的新单词。分析句子结构可知，learn在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与被修饰词words构成被动关系，故用过去分词learned/learnt作后置定语。故填learned/learnt。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友John来信说他们学校要组织中英文化交流项目，他要负责策划学校举办的中国文化节，但不知道如何将文化节办好，请你给他回信提一些建议，内容包括： 1.文化节活动项目； 2.学校间文化交流的意义； 3.你对他的鼓励。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear John, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear John, Learning that you are appointed the task to organize the Chinese Culture Festival, I am more than delighted to offer some suggestions. Art is an inseparable part of Chinese culture, which includes paintings, dramas, handcrafts and so on. Therefore, it makes sense to arrange for a gallery exhibiting various traditional Chinese art forms. Additionally, the Chinese lay great significance and proud themselves on their traditional festivals. To get everyone involved, you can hold a couple of DIYs, such as making dumplings and zongzi to create a festival atmosphere. The exchange between different cultures promotes communication and understanding between different nations. I’m confident that you are able to make the event a success with ample preparations. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友John写一封建议信，告知他如何举办好中英文化交流项目。内容包括：文化节活动项目；学校间文化交流的意义；对他的鼓励。 【详解】1.词汇积累 提供：offer→ provide 建议：suggestion → advice/tip 此外：additionally→ in addition 充足：ample→ sufficient/enough 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Learning that you are appointed the task to organize the Chinese Culture Festival, I am more than delighted to offer some suggestions. 拓展句：Because I learn that you are appointed the task to organize the Chinese Culture Festival, I am more than delighted to offer some suggestions. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Art is an inseparable part of Chinese culture, which includes paintings, dramas, handcrafts and so on. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】 I’m confident that you are able to make the event a success with ample preparations.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Today was Community Service Day at school. Maya’s class was going to make cards for the seniors living in a nursing home. It was also the first day Maya would be wearing her leg brace (腿支架) to school, which was designed to help her walk more steadily and smoothly. It was a cold autumn morning, Maya looked down, feeling embarrassed. To make it lovelier, she had delicately decorated the brace with pretty butterfly patterns. Still, she was unsure about others’ reaction. All morning at school, kids kept glancing at her brace. To her relief, they didn’t say anything. In the classroom, Maya was drawing little green buds (芽) and pretty flowers when her friend Samir came over and sat by her. She felt his eyes fixed on her brace and heard him asking, “What’s that for?” Not knowing what to say, Maya pretended she didn’t hear him. After a few seconds of awkwardness, she glanced back at him, and found that he looked a little sad. After lunch, the class set off. The nursing home was on a small hill and all of them walked there happily along the path. Maya found that the brace did make it easier for her to walk up. Maya and Samir were paired up with a lady who was 83 years old. There at the end of the hall in a wheelchair, with a big smile on her face, sat the lady, wearing a pink coat, with red lipstick and beautiful earrings. She looked bright and full of life. Moving flexibly and fast towards Maya and Samir, she greeted first. “I’m Joan, ” she said cheerfully, “Glad to meet you. ” Maya and Samir handed her the cards they made. Joan looked at Samir’s card carefully and spoke with admiration, “You’ve written a poem! That’s so artistic!” Samir’s face reddened with shyness. Then Joan turned to Maya’s picture. “The first flowers of spring!” she cried in delight. “You really have a gift for using colour!” she said. Clearly, Joan’s praise added great power into Maya. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 In a sudden wave of bravery, Maya asked, “What’s it like being in a wheelchair?” ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Deeply impressed by Joan, Maya offered to sit beside Samir on the bus ride back home. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 In a sudden wave of bravery Maya asked, “What’s it like being in a wheelchair?” “It helps me get around,” Joan said simply. Then, grinning, she added, “You’d be surprised at how fast I can go in this thing!” Right then, she moved the wheelchair across the room, turning around, back and forth. And what surprised Maya most was that she didn’t detect any pity or embarrassment from her. Then Maya looked up and found Joan was smiling, eyes purposefully resting on her brace. It was then that a spark of power was lit up deep inside Maya. That afternoon, the three of them had a pleasant talk over lots of things until it was dusk. Deeply impressed by Joan, Maya offered to sit beside Samir on the bus ride back home. “Joan is great. I like her.” Samir admired. Maya nodded, lost in thought. With Joan’s wheelchair and smile in mind, she summoned up her courage and said, “The brace keeps my toe up so I can walk better.” “Really?” Samir looked amazed, reached out and touched it gently. “That’s super cool!” His words were so sincere that Maya felt warm and moved. It was a reaction that she expected deep inside her heart. Though it was autumn outside, it felt like spring for Maya. A little green bud was bursting — she and her brace looked cool, beautiful and dynamic in her and others’ eyes. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了玛雅因为需要依靠腿支架才能走得更稳定、更平稳而觉得尴尬，她不搭理注意到她的支架的萨米尔，令萨米尔有点伤心，在养老院的活动中，玛雅和坐轮椅但依旧乐观的萨米尔互动交流后，心态有所改善，离开养老院，乘车回家途中玛雅主动告诉萨米尔她的支架的作用，俩人有了真诚的交流，萨米尔没有嘲笑她的支架。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“玛雅突然鼓起勇气问道：“坐在轮椅上是什么感觉？”可知，第一段可描写玛雅与坐轮椅的琼的交流使玛雅心态的改变。 ②由第二段首句内容“琼给玛雅留下了深刻的印象，她主动提出在回家的公交车上坐在萨米尔旁边。”可知，第二段可描写玛雅与萨米尔在回家途中的聊天，以及知道支架功能后萨米尔的反映让玛雅明白了萨米尔的真诚。 2.续写线索：去养老院看望老奶奶琼——得知琼坐轮椅的积极心态后的改变——主动告知萨米尔实情——萨米尔的真诚态度温暖了玛雅 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①.觉察到：detect /notice ②.鼓足勇气：summon up one’s courage / muster (up) one's courage ③.期待：expect/look forward to 情绪类 ①.惊讶的：amazed /surprised ②.真诚的：sincere/ genuine 【点睛】[高分句型1]. And what surprised Maya most was that she didn’t detect any pity or embarrassment from her.（运用了由连接词what引导的主语从句，由that引导的表语从句） [高分句型2]. It was a reaction that she expected deep inside her heart.（运用了强调句） 听力 1—5 CBAAC 6—10 BACBA 11—15 CBABC 16—20 BCBAC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$