专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇（江苏名校模拟）-备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用)

备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用) 第二期 专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇(江苏名校模拟) （24-25高三上·江苏扬州·开学考试）Nearly two decades ago, Facebook exploded on college campuses as a site for students to stay in touch. Then came Twitter, where people posted about what they had for breakfast, and Instagram, where friends shared photos to keep up with one another. Today, the kinds of posts where people update friends and family about their lives have become harder to see over the years as the biggest sites have become increasingly “corporatized (企业化的) .” Instead of seeing messages and photos from friends and relatives about their holidays or fancy dinners, users of Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, Twitter and Snapchat now often view professionalized content from brands, influencers and others that pay for placement. The change has impacted large social networking companies and how people interact with one another digitally. As big social networks made connecting people with brands a much greater focus than connecting them with other people, some users have started seeking sites targeting communities and apps devoted to specific hobbies and issues. “Platforms as we knew them are over,” said Zizi Papacharissi, a communications professor at the University of Illinois Chicago. “They have outlived their usefulness.” The shift helps explain why some social networking companies are now exploring new fields of business. For users, this means that instead of spending all their time on one or a few big social networks, some are turning to smaller, more focused sites. These include Nextdoor, a social network for neighbors. “It’s not about choosing one network to rule them all—that is crazy Silicon Valley logic,” said Ethan Zuckerman, a professor of public policy at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. “The future is that you’re a member of dozens of different communities because as human beings, that’s how we are. The idea that a new social media site might come along to be the one app for everyone appears unrealistic. People’s online identities will become increasingly fragmented (碎片化的) among multiple sites.” 1．What does the author say about the current major social networking sites? A．Their content is getting more and more lifestyle-focused. B．Their users’ interest in professional content is decreasing. C．They fail to provide adequate support for college communities D．They now rarely see updates about friends’ and family’s lives. 2．What is Zizi Papacharissi’ attitude towards traditional social media platforms? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Neutral D．Indifferent. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph about future social media usage? A．People will choose online apps more carefully. B．People will change their online identities at will. C．People will join numerous specialized communities. D．People will prefer to use traditional social platforms 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．The rise of the corporatized tech giants. B．The evolution of social media platforms. C．The history of social networking companies. D．The challenges faced by major platforms. （24-25高三上·江苏南京·开学考试）Here’s a quick quiz. Person A does a favor for you. Person B asks you to do a favor for him. Who do you tend to like more? Surprisingly, the answer is Person B．This quirk (怪癖) of human nature is known as the Ben Franklin Effect. Benjamin Franklin came across the phenomenon in 1736 when serving as a clerk to the Pennsylvania Assembly. A powerful member didn’t care for Franklin and threatened to make life miserable for him. What to do? Instead of winning him over with sweet talk, Franklin asked if he could borrow a rare and valuable book the man owned. This request altered the man’s attitude and paved the way for their friendship. Franklin’s takeaway: “He that has once done you a kindness will be ready to do you another, than he whom you yourself have obliged.” Several studies have confirmed this. But how can we explain the Ben Franklin Effect? Some psychologists refer to cognitive dissonance (失调). It’s difficult to hold two contradictory thoughts at the same time. It makes us uncomfortable. We resolve this tension by changing our mind. “I don’t like Joe, but I am doing him a favor,” we might think. “So maybe I do like him.” While cognitive dissonance explains a lot, it alone doesn’t explain the Ben Franklin Effect. One 2015 study found that it was, rather, the affiliative (亲和的) motive that the requests convey. That is, we humans want to maintain good relations with other humans, and one way to achieve this is by doing favors for others. This explains a lot about altruistic behavior. We like being useful and, by extension, we like those who give us the opportunity to do so. It’s in our genes. Yet there is much we still don’t know about the Ben Franklin Effect. Does it apply equally across cultures? Is there a point beyond which asking a favor makes you less, not more likable? Asking to borrow a book is one thing; asking to borrow a car is another. 1．Why does the author mention Benjamin Franklin’s experience? A．To illustrate a dilemma in making choices. B．To suggest a way of striking up friendships. C．To stress the importance of strategic requests. D．To introduce the origin of the Ben Franklin Effect. 2．What is a reason for people’s tendency to like those asking for favors? A．Reducing the tension caused by social contact. B．Increasing the chance of getting help in return. C．Avoiding the discomfort from conflicting thoughts. D．Establishing a cooperative community of shared trust. 3．What does the underlined word “altruistic” probably mean in paragraph 4? A．Selfless. B．Impolite. C．Aggressive. D．Responsible. 4．What does the author think of the Ben Franklin Effect? A．It makes little sense. B．It applies to most cultures. C．It has situational limitations. D．It has great practical significance. （2025·江苏南京·一模）Somewhere in the sky, lightning is forming. Although the possibility of getting struck in your lifetime is roughly 1 in 12,000, a human does provide an attractive target for lightning bolts (闪电). Here’s what you should expect if you ever find yourself in the path of lightning. A lot can happen in the three milliseconds it takes for a lightning bolt to course through your body. Lightning strikes may leave you with deep wounds, often accompanied with third degree burns. Your clothes might even be torn by the explosive force of the surrounding air being superheated to up to 27,700 ℃. Blood vessels (血管) exploding from the electric shock and heat often create something called a Lichtenberg figure on your skin. This is a pattern of scars (伤疤) that branches out across your body like a tree. But it doesn’t end there. You might also be faced with a lifetime of neurological (神经系统的) conditions for reasons that scientists still don’t fully understand. It’s also possible that you will suffer from pain. In some cases, however, a lightning strike can lead to strange super talents. In a blog post, University of Miami neuroscientist Berit Brogaard writes about an incident where a surgeon who was struck by lightning developed an urge to learn to play the piano. He began to compose music he had started hearing in his head since the strike. This type of phenomenon confuses scientists. One theory that Brogaard says is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning could cause a one-time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质) that are released from the dying neurons (神经元). This causes a rewiring of neurons, providing access to areas of the brain that were previously inaccessible. Cool as it would be, you shouldn’t count on lightning turning you into a genius in one flash. Most of its results are painful, and could stay with you for the rest of your life. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．1 in 12,000 may die from lightning bolts. B．Lightning attacks can heat bodies to 27,700℃. C．Branching scars are typical after lightning attacks. D．Humans are the most likely target for lightning bolts. 2．What happened to the surgeon after the strike? A．His unexplored brain areas were activated. B．His brain was left in a fixed state of death. C．He suffered a lifetime of neurological pain. D．He recalled hidden memories about music. 3．What does the underlined word “This” refer to in paragraph 5? A．The cell death due to lightning strikes. B．The flooding of brain’s neurotransmitters. C．The rewiring of brain neurons. D．The release of dying neurons. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The process of lightning formation. B．The chances of surviving a lightning strike. C．The possibility of lightning making a genius. D．The consequences of being struck by lightning. （2025·江苏南京·一模）Can you think of someone who is an excellent communicator? He must have good skills of speaking confidently in various situations, including presentations, group discussions and activities. Also, he should be good at listening to others, understanding group dynamics, and promoting shared decision-making. Research on classroom-based group work reveals a paradox (悖论): while cooperative learning can be highly effective, merely placing children in groups often proves unproductive. The solution lies in teaching children how to cooperate effectively. Teachers play a crucial role in this process through their interaction with students. To ensure effective group work, teachers must first raise students’ awareness of the purpose and value of group activities. More importantly, they need to teach students how to engage in reasoned discussions, known as Exploratory Talk. This involves considering everyone’s viewpoints, justifying opinions with reasons, and making collective decisions. In Exploratory Talk, participants engage critically but constructively with each other’s ideas, invite contributions, and seek further explanations. Successful cooperation requires a reasoned discussion, which can be facilitated by establishing a set of “Ground Rules” for Exploratory Talk. These rules guide behaviors such as asking for information, seeking and providing reasons, and evaluating proposals. Ground Rules help children work towards joint conclusions, respect opinions, and develop their ideas. For instance, children learn to ask, “What do you think? Why?” and listen attentively to each other’s responses, reaching reasoned conclusions. Exploratory Talk enhances group activities as a powerful learning tool. Certain activities, like Talking Points, are particularly effective in stimulating such discussions. Talking Points are inspiring statements designed to encourage children to share their knowledge and uncertainties on a specific topic. Research indicates that Talking Points bring about more imaginative and extensive responses than traditional questions. They help children focus on the topic and compare their viewpoints with others. As they discuss, children realize that their ideas can develop with new evidence and that classmates are valuable resources for new thinking. With proper guidance, the students will soon begin to see their ideas flowing. And gradually they will learn to participate fully not only in education but also in life as well. 1．What may help solve the group work paradox? A．Active interaction among teachers. B．Group learning among students. C．Teachers’ effective guidance. D．Students’ deep engagement. 2．Why should Ground Rules be set for the students? A．To popularize group activities. B．To build up their individuality. C．To stimulate more proposals. D．To encourage reasoning in talks. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Students should be challenged with uncertainties. B．Traditional questions should be avoided in classes. C．Well-designed brainstorming matters in group activities. D．Idea exchanges between the students deserve top priority. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Why putting children in groups doesn’t always work B．What effects a good communicator has on discussion C．Whether teachers should use Exploratory Talk or not D．Where students’ participation in activities should go （24-25高三上·江苏扬州·开学考试）Eating a plant- based diet has been shown to be very good for your heart and your overall health. In fact, a recent study found a young person could live an additional 13 years by eating more vegetables and legumes (豆类), as well as whole grains, fruit and nuts. Which makes the findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400,000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time. “Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (cardiovascular disease),” said Qi Feng, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, in a statement. While the study found eating raw veggies could protect against heart disease, cooked vegetables did not. Any benefit went away when researchers factored in lifestyle factors such as physical activity, educational level, smoking, drinking, fruit intake, red and processed meat consumption, and use of mineral and vitamin supplements. “Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏差)… related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle,” Feng said. Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study’s conclusion “Although this study found that eating more vegetables wasn’t associated with a lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases once other lifestyle and other factors were taken into account, that doesn’t mean we should stop eating vegetables,” said Victoria Taylor, a senior dietitian at the British Heart Foundation, in a statement. “The results are not surprising. Picking out one single component and assuming just adding it to the diet, e. g., vegetables, is not likely to result in the desired effect,” Alice Lichtenstein, director and senior scientist at Tufts University’s Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, told CNN in an email. “One thing that has become clear over the past decade is we should not be looking at single food s or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern,” said Lichtenstein. 1．What can we learn from the new study led by Feng? A．It followed a young UK person for 13 years. B．Its findings came as no surprise to other people. C．It overturned the conclusion of previous studies. D．Its purpose was to find the right vegetables for people. 2．What did Feng imply about vegetables’ protective effect? A．It was totally made up by some researchers. B．It still held true despite some different findings. C．It could only be achieved by living a healthy lifestyle. D．It was a misconception caused by differences in people. 3．Which of following is closest in meaning to underlined phrase“ take exception to”? A．Voice objections to. B．Add details to. C．Display ignorance of. D．Take notice of. 4．What did Lichtenstein think of the study? A．It was groundbreaking. B．It was one- sided. C．It would cause confusion. D．It needed more evidence. （24-25高三上·江苏南京·开学考试）Now a company is launching a new robot on personal service machines. Rather than keeping you company at home, GITA (pronounced Jee-Tah) helps you go hands-free while you walk down the street, to the grocery store or to visit your neighbors. Like the name, which means “outing” in Italian, the robotic servant is for short trips out and about. Designed by the Piaggio Group, the smart device uses five cameras to see you, follow you around and carry up to 40 pounds of your belongings for four hours. It’s similar to those robotic suitcases that trail behind you at the airport, but with an entirely different outside. Picture a large container but on wheels. That’s what GITA looks like in the flagship orange color. Imagine having a hi-tech that can follow you around with your shopping inside. It’s round and strong yet relatively smart and convenient. The robotic helper is a joy to engage with, sort of like a dog. Operating GITA is simple. You just press one button to turn it on, one button for the cameras to scan your legs, and you’re off. It actually does pretty good job of following you and recognizing when you change directions. Its movement is oddly natural. When you speed up it falls behind a bit before trying to catch up, and when you stop, it stops — usually. GITA operates best on hard surfaces. However, it can’t go upstairs. It can roll on slight inclines (斜坡) and keep up with a walking person at speeds up to 6 miles per hour. A system of sounds and lights will let you know whether it is unpaired or needs a charge. And an app lets you share your robot with your “crew”, so it can follow them, too. With a speaker, your GITA can carry candy and play theme music as you take the kids trick-or-treating. A USA TODAY tech reporter gave GITA a test run in 2019. He said, “GITA certainly made quite an impression on passers-by as it rolled down New York’s busy Madison Avenue.” Yet having tech trail behind you takes some getting used to. You can’t help but look behind you to make sure it’s keeping up, somewhat like monitoring a pet. 1．For what purpose is the new robot designed? A．To instruct you where to go. B．To serve you as you walk around. C．To accompany you at home. D．To protect you when you’re traveling. 2．What does the new robot probably look like? A．It looks like a royal dog. B．It has flags and smart panels. C．It is round, orange and can roll of itself. D．It resembles cameras in appearance. 3．Which of the following is true about GITA? A．It can roll up a sharp slope at a high speed. B．It can only recognize and follow its owner. C．It can adjust its pace automatically. D．It can play tricks for children. 4．What can we learn about GITA from the last paragraph? A．People are heavily dependent on it. B．It is far from being put into use. C．It is easy to get lost and needs to be improved. D．Users have difficulty accustoming themselves to it at first. （24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）The Natural Center is a Beautiful Ode to Earth What is nature? When you imagine nature, do you think about humans? Often, we don’t imagine humans as a part of the natural landscape, instead viewing ourselves and our creations as separate and distinct from the organic world around us. How do we reconcile (使和谐一致) our idea of humanity with our idea of nature, as we are animals ourselves? Artist Aaron Delehanty explores questions such as these through his work The Natural Center. Delehanty, a lifelong environmentalist, creates pieces that focus on the boundary between nature and humankind. His goal, no matter the media or technique he uses, is to challenge the way we systemize our natural world. The Natural Center is currently on exhibit in the Art and Music Library’s Frontispace Gallery. Each one of the mixed media paintings and sculptures intertwines (交织) themes of nature and humanity, exploring feelings of unnaturalness or discomfort in the spaces where they meet. The most prominently placed piece is the waterco lor series on the back wall of the exhibit. On the other wall, the Origami Audubon Series features image ry from John James Audubon’s famous Birds of America watercolor painting series. The exhibit also houses four sculpted cranes, each frozen in a unique pose. The Natural Center will be on display through Friday, Feb. 17 in the Frontispace Gallery, located on the ground floor of Rush Rhees Library at the Art and Music Library entrance. 1．What does Aaron Delehanty intend to do through The Natural Center? A．To praise humans as animals. B．To challenge the natural world. C．To integrate mankind into nature. D．To systemize the human world. 2．What can you do in the exhibit? A．Make unique sculptures. B．Admire fascinating artworks. C．Enjoy comfortable music. D．Observe various living creatures. 3．In which section of the magazine may the text appear? A．Gardening. B．Health. C．Wildlife. D．Art. （24-25高三上·江苏南通·开学考试）Artificial intelligence-powered medical treatment options are on the rise and have the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, but a new study found that about almost half of participants would choose a human doctor rather than AI for diagnosis and treatment. “While many patients appear resistant to the use of AI, accuracy of information and a slight push from physicians may help increase acceptance,” Dr. Slepian mentioned the study’s other primary finding: that a human touch can help clinical practices use AI to their advantage and earn patients’ trust. “To ensure the benefits of AI are secured in clinical practice, future research on best methods of physician involvement and patient decision making is required.” In the study, participants were asked whether they would prefer to have an AI system or a physical doctor for diagnosis and treatment, and under what circumstances. Researchers conducted structured interviews with actual patients, testing their reactions to current and future AI technologies. Then they. polled 2,472 participants across diverse ethnic, racial and socioeconomic groups using a blinded, randomized survey. Overall, participants were almost evenly split, with more than 52% choosing human doctors as a preference versus approximately 47% choosing an AI diagnostic method. If study participants were informed their primary care physicians felt AI was superior, the acceptance of AI by study participants on re-questioning increased. This signaled the significance of the human physician in guiding a patient’s decision. Disease severity didn’t affect participants’ trust in AI. Compared to White participants, Black ones selected AI less often and Native Americans more often. Older participants were less likely to choose it, as were those who self-identified as politically conservative. These findings suggest differing groups will need specific attention as to informing them as to the value and usefulness of AI to enhance diagnoses. “I feel this study will guide many future studies and clinical translational decisions even now,” Dr. Slepian said. “The onus will be on physicians and others in health care to ensure that information in AI systems is accurate, and to continue to maintain and enhance the accuracy of AI systems as they will play an increasing role in the future of health care.” 1．What can be inferred from Dr. Slepian’s words in Paragraph 2? A．Most patients are still doubtful about AI medical treatment. B．Human physicians can do a lot to promote AI medical treatment. C．The unacceptance of AI is mainly due to the inaccuracy of information. D．The reality that patients choose human doctors limits the development of AI. 2．What’s the key factor in increasing participants’ preference for AI treatment? A．The gravity of the disease. B．The guidance of the physician. C．The superiority of AI system. D．The personal background of the participant. 3．What does the underlined word “onus” in the last paragraph mean? A．Responsibility. B．Attempt. C．Dependence. D．Focus. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Trust in AI: A Split among Patients. B．Bridging the Gap: Human Doctors and AI. C．An Important Study: The Future of AI Systems. D．Improving Diagnostic Accuracy: The Role of AI. （2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）“Digital art with iPad and Apple Pencil has helped to expand my creative thinking.” Apichaya "Bim" Wannakit is starting her fourth year in painting, sculpture, and graphic art at Silpakorn University in Bangkok, in the heart of the modern Thai art scene. Growing up in Northeast Thailands creative community in Ubon Ratchatani, Bim developed her passion for art at a young age. She took inspiration from anime like "Dragon Ball Z" cartoons she saw on television and the "Manga" comic books she collected. She put years of hands-on practice into her illustrations using brushes, watercolors, and oil paints. In high school, she discovered even more ways to express herself and expand her creative palette when she started using iPad with Apple Pencil. “I quickly adapted to the precision and flexibility of digital painting using Apple Pencil,” Bim says. “It brought my entire art kit into one magical tool, without sacrificing the natural feel of traditional mediums. It allows me a new way to bring my ideas to life.” When it was time to get ready for university, Bim used iPad to bring her art portfolio together, capturing and storing all her mixed media digitally in iCloud. Bim says, “I initially chose Apple technology because of its cloud service for file management and simple-to-learn design interface — iPad has made my life easier.” Today she uses Procreate on iPad with Apple Pencil for all her creative workflows. Features such as QuickShape and StreamLine with Apple Pencil enable her to quickly add layers, outlines, colors, and shadows in an immersive and playful way. “My love for traditional painting and digital art brings me a new sense of balance. My Apple devices help to make this possible from anywhere.” iPad also supports her daily academic work. Bim uses Apple Pencil with GoodNotes for note-taking, and Microsoft Word on iPad for creating art descriptions. “In class, I use iPad Pro to present my work,” Bim says. “And the 12.9-inch screen is large enough for my professor to view my art comfortably.” “Through my art, I want to tell a story that inspires others and creates a space for experimental ideas.” 1．What does Bim Wannakit value most about using Apple devices for her art? A．The cost-effectiveness of the devices. B．The ability to create a balance between traditional and digital art. C．The simplicity of the design interface. D．The ease of file management through cloud services. 2．Why did Bim choose to use iPad and Apple Pencil for her artistic work? A．They replicated the feel of traditional art materials exactly. B．They provided a cheaper alternative to professional art tools. C．They allowed her to combine digital flexibility with a natural drawing feel. D．They were the only tools available to her at the time. 3．According to the article, how has Bim's artistic practice been enhanced by digital tools? A．She can now create larger artworks than before. B．She has access to a wider range of colors and textures. C．She can share her work instantly with a global audience. D．She can experiment with new techniques and styles more easily. 4．Bim mentioned that GoodNotes and Microsoft Word have been helpful in her academic work. What are the main uses of these tools? A．Creating detailed sketches for her art projects. B．Organizing her research and writing academic papers. C．Editing photos for her online art gallery. D．Designing promotional materials for art exhibitions. （2024·江苏南通·一模）If you’ve never been one to sleep in socks, you might want to give it a try. Sleeping in socks helps to regulate your body temperature, which can lead to falling asleep faster, waking up less, and sleeping in later, according to research. When your core body temperature is regulated, it makes for better sleep, Breus said. A drop in core body temperature signals to the body that it’s time to sleep and coincides(相符合)with the release of the sleep hormone. Experts suggest keeping your bedroom between 68 to 72 degrees Fahrenheit for enough sleep. “Some sources recommend an even colder room; however, I typically recommend temperatures two to five degrees cooler than a comfortable temperature in the house during the day,” Dr. Nilong Vyas, medical review expert at Sleep Foundation, previously told Fortune. If you wear socks to sleep, ensure they aren’t so tight that they restrict blood flow, wrote Breus. It’s important the socks are comfortable so they don’t become a sleep distraction. And you should choose a clean pair, not the ones you wore all day, behavioral sleep disorders specialist Michelle Drerup, PsyD, told the Cleveland Clinic. If you feel a sensory overload sleeping in socks, research suggests that putting your feet in a warm water bath before bed can give a similar effect. While sleeping in socks is worth a try to get better rest, it’s not a cure all. Socks aren’t a treatment for insomnia or other sleep conditions—you should talk to a medical professional for ongoing issues. And people with circulation issues should not sleep with socks without talking to their doctor first. But, along with unplugging before bed and avoiding caffeine too late in the day, putting on a pair of socks before bed might be a way to step up your sleep routine, and wake up better rested. 1．What contributes to better sleep according to the text? A．A bedroom full of fresh air. B．A pair of socks on the foot. C．A good emotion regulation. D．A higher core body temperature. 2．What might Dr. Nilong Vyas agree with? A．Sleepers will suffer in a very cold room. B．Temperature plays a role in quality sleep. C．The colder the room is, the better we sleep. D．Daytime sleep matters as much as nighttime sleep. 3．What does the underlined word“unplugging”probably mean in paragraph 7? A．Heat up. B．Turn over C．Think back. D．Switch off. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．A worthwhile attempt to sleep in socks B．A good excuse for sleeping in every day C．The reasons for socks curing your diseases D．The ways to wear socks during the night sleep （2024·江苏南通·一模）Using a brain-training app helps people eat less junk food and lose weight, new research suggests. The Food Trainer (FoodT app)trains people to tap on images of healthy foods but to stop when they see unhealthy snacks, creating an association between these foods and stopping. The new study, by the universities of Exeter and Helsinki, found that playing the game about once a day for a month led to an average one-point reduction of junk food consumption on an eight-point scale (the scale ranges from four or more items per day, to one or zero items per month). About half of the study’s 1, 234 participants followed the recommendation and played the game at least 10 times. Across all participants, an average weight loss of half a kilogram and a small increase in healthy food eaten was seen. “For example, someone who ate each junk food four times a week reduced this to twice a week after using the app regularly for a month, and then to once a week. Overall, the findings are really encouraging” said Professor Natalia Lawrence. “The app is free and it only takes about four minutes per day. So it’s something people realistically can do.” “There’s some evidence that the benefits were stronger for people who were more overweight. We would expect to see this, because the app targets mechanisms that lead people to become overweight, such as the strong urges to approach and consume inviting junk foods.” CO-researcher Dr Matthias Aulbach added. “If you’re trying to teach the brain something new, it’s a good idea to space out the learning over multiple sessions,” said Dr Aulbach. It may be helpful to do the training in different contexts—not just at home but at work and elsewhere, so the associations you learn don’t just relate to one location. The researchers stress that their findings should be interpreted fully and that further study is needed, because there was no control group and other factors could play a part in the results, such as the possibility that people who did more training were also separately more motivated to lose weight. 1．How does FoodT help users eat less junk food and lose weight? A．By having negative reactions to junk food. B．By making healthy-eating plans for them. C．By turning their attention to video games. D．By recommending healthy foods to them. 2．What can be known about FoodT? A．It is accessible on limited occasions. B．It specially targets unhealthy people. C．It follows a gradual weight-loss mode. D．It encourages people to take more exercise. 3．What is the researchers’ attitude toward their findings? A．Concerned. B．Critical. C．Confident. D．Cautious. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．An app setting a new trend in exercising. B．An app originating from a mobile game. C．An app assisting people in eating less. D．An app helping people reduce weight. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用) 第二期 专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇(江苏名校模拟) （24-25高三上·江苏扬州·开学考试）Nearly two decades ago, Facebook exploded on college campuses as a site for students to stay in touch. Then came Twitter, where people posted about what they had for breakfast, and Instagram, where friends shared photos to keep up with one another. Today, the kinds of posts where people update friends and family about their lives have become harder to see over the years as the biggest sites have become increasingly “corporatized (企业化的) .” Instead of seeing messages and photos from friends and relatives about their holidays or fancy dinners, users of Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, Twitter and Snapchat now often view professionalized content from brands, influencers and others that pay for placement. The change has impacted large social networking companies and how people interact with one another digitally. As big social networks made connecting people with brands a much greater focus than connecting them with other people, some users have started seeking sites targeting communities and apps devoted to specific hobbies and issues. “Platforms as we knew them are over,” said Zizi Papacharissi, a communications professor at the University of Illinois Chicago. “They have outlived their usefulness.” The shift helps explain why some social networking companies are now exploring new fields of business. For users, this means that instead of spending all their time on one or a few big social networks, some are turning to smaller, more focused sites. These include Nextdoor, a social network for neighbors. “It’s not about choosing one network to rule them all—that is crazy Silicon Valley logic,” said Ethan Zuckerman, a professor of public policy at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. “The future is that you’re a member of dozens of different communities because as human beings, that’s how we are. The idea that a new social media site might come along to be the one app for everyone appears unrealistic. People’s online identities will become increasingly fragmented (碎片化的) among multiple sites.” 1．What does the author say about the current major social networking sites? A．Their content is getting more and more lifestyle-focused. B．Their users’ interest in professional content is decreasing. C．They fail to provide adequate support for college communities D．They now rarely see updates about friends’ and family’s lives. 2．What is Zizi Papacharissi’ attitude towards traditional social media platforms? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Neutral D．Indifferent. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph about future social media usage? A．People will choose online apps more carefully. B．People will change their online identities at will. C．People will join numerous specialized communities. D．People will prefer to use traditional social platforms 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．The rise of the corporatized tech giants. B．The evolution of social media platforms. C．The history of social networking companies. D．The challenges faced by major platforms. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了随着主流社交网站日益企业化，用户看到的更多是品牌和网红的内容，而非亲朋好友的生活分享。这一变化影响了社交网络公司的业务和人们的互动方式，一些用户开始转向针对特定社区、爱好和问题的小众网站，社交网络的未来是多元化和碎片化的。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Instead of seeing messages and photos from friends and relatives about their holidays or fancy dinners, users of Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, Twitter and Snapchat now often view professionalized content from brands, influencers and others that pay for placement. (如今，Instagram、脸书、抖音、推特和Snapchat的用户常常看到来自品牌方、网红及其他付费投放者的专业内容，而不是来自亲朋好友的关于他们度假或丰盛晚餐的消息和照片。)”可知，当前主要的社交网络网站上很少看到关于朋友和家人生活的更新。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“‘Platforms as we knew them are over,’ said Zizi Papacharissi, a communications professor at the University of Illinois Chicago. ‘They have outlived their usefulness.’ (‘我们所熟知的平台已经结束了，’芝加哥伊利诺伊大学传播学教授Zizi Papacharissi说。‘它们已经失去了效用。’)”可知，Zizi Papacharissi认为传统的社交平台已经过时且失去了其作用，所以态度是消极的，故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The future is that you’re a member of dozens of different communities because as human beings, that’s how we are. (未来是你成为几十个不同社区的成员，因为作为人类，我们就是这样的。)”可知，未来人们将会加入众多专门的社区，故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了社交媒体平台从早期的以分享个人生活为主到如今的企业化，以及这种变化导致用户行为的改变和社交平台的业务调整，体现了社交媒体平台的发展演变，B项“The evolution of social media platforms. (社交媒体平台的发展演变)”最能概括全文，故选B项。 （24-25高三上·江苏南京·开学考试）Here’s a quick quiz. Person A does a favor for you. Person B asks you to do a favor for him. Who do you tend to like more? Surprisingly, the answer is Person B．This quirk (怪癖) of human nature is known as the Ben Franklin Effect. Benjamin Franklin came across the phenomenon in 1736 when serving as a clerk to the Pennsylvania Assembly. A powerful member didn’t care for Franklin and threatened to make life miserable for him. What to do? Instead of winning him over with sweet talk, Franklin asked if he could borrow a rare and valuable book the man owned. This request altered the man’s attitude and paved the way for their friendship. Franklin’s takeaway: “He that has once done you a kindness will be ready to do you another, than he whom you yourself have obliged.” Several studies have confirmed this. But how can we explain the Ben Franklin Effect? Some psychologists refer to cognitive dissonance (失调). It’s difficult to hold two contradictory thoughts at the same time. It makes us uncomfortable. We resolve this tension by changing our mind. “I don’t like Joe, but I am doing him a favor,” we might think. “So maybe I do like him.” While cognitive dissonance explains a lot, it alone doesn’t explain the Ben Franklin Effect. One 2015 study found that it was, rather, the affiliative (亲和的) motive that the requests convey. That is, we humans want to maintain good relations with other humans, and one way to achieve this is by doing favors for others. This explains a lot about altruistic behavior. We like being useful and, by extension, we like those who give us the opportunity to do so. It’s in our genes. Yet there is much we still don’t know about the Ben Franklin Effect. Does it apply equally across cultures? Is there a point beyond which asking a favor makes you less, not more likable? Asking to borrow a book is one thing; asking to borrow a car is another. 1．Why does the author mention Benjamin Franklin’s experience? A．To illustrate a dilemma in making choices. B．To suggest a way of striking up friendships. C．To stress the importance of strategic requests. D．To introduce the origin of the Ben Franklin Effect. 2．What is a reason for people’s tendency to like those asking for favors? A．Reducing the tension caused by social contact. B．Increasing the chance of getting help in return. C．Avoiding the discomfort from conflicting thoughts. D．Establishing a cooperative community of shared trust. 3．What does the underlined word “altruistic” probably mean in paragraph 4? A．Selfless. B．Impolite. C．Aggressive. D．Responsible. 4．What does the author think of the Ben Franklin Effect? A．It makes little sense. B．It applies to most cultures. C．It has situational limitations. D．It has great practical significance. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了本·富兰克林效应。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Surprisingly, the answer is Person B. This quirk (怪癖) of human nature is known as the Ben Franklin Effect.(令人惊讶的是，答案是B型这种人性的怪癖被称为本·富兰克林效应。)”和第二段的“Benjamin Franklin came across the phenomenon in 1736 when serving as a clerk to the Pennsylvania Assembly. A powerful member didn’t care for Franklin and threatened to make life miserable for him. What to do? Instead of winning him over with sweet talk, Franklin asked if he could borrow a rare and valuable book the man owned. This request altered the man’s attitude and paved the way for their friendship. Franklin’s takeaway: “He that has once done you a kindness will be ready to do you another, than he whom you yourself have obliged.”(本杰明·富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin)在1736年担任宾夕法尼亚州议会书记员时遇到了这种现象。一个有权有势的成员不喜欢富兰克林，并威胁要让他的生活很痛苦。该怎么办？富兰克林没有用甜言蜜语来说服他，而是问他是否可以借他拥有的一本珍贵的书。这个请求改变了男人的态度，为他们的友谊铺平了道路。富兰克林的结论是：“曾经善待过你的人，会比你所善待的人更愿意为你做另一件事。”)”可推断，作者提到本杰明·富兰克林的经历为了介绍“本杰明·富兰克林效应”的起源。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Some psychologists refer to cognitive dissonance (失调). It’s difficult to hold two contradictory thoughts at the same time. It makes us uncomfortable.(一些心理学家称之为认知失调。同时持有两种相互矛盾的思想是很难的。这让我们感到不舒服。)” 可知，人们倾向于喜欢寻求帮助的人是因为认知失调，即避免持有矛盾的想法带来的不适。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“One 2015 study found that it was, rather, the affiliative (亲和的) motive that the requests convey. That is, we humans want to maintain good relations with other humans, and one way to achieve this is by doing favors for others.(2015年的一项研究发现，更确切地说，这是请求所传达的亲和动机。也就是说，我们人类希望与他人保持良好的关系，而实现这一目标的一种方式就是帮助他人。)”以及下文“We like being useful and, by extension, we like those who give us the opportunity to do so. It’s in our genes.(我们喜欢成为有用的人，推而广之，我们喜欢那些给我们这样做机会的人。这是我们的基因。)”可推断，划线词所在句说明人类希望通过帮助他人来保持良好的关系，这解释了无私的行为，因此推断画线词与selfless“无私的”意思相近。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Yet there is much we still don’t know about the Ben Franklin Effect. Does it apply equally across cultures? Is there a point beyond which asking a favor makes you less, not more likable? Asking to borrow a book is one thing; asking to borrow a car is another.(然而，我们对本·富兰克林效应还有很多不了解的地方。它在不同文化中都适用吗？有没有一个点，超过了这个点，请求别人帮忙会让你更不讨人喜欢，而不是更讨人喜欢？借书是一回事；向别人借车是另一回事。)”可知，作者认为本·富兰克林效应有情境限制。故选C。 （2025·江苏南京·一模）Somewhere in the sky, lightning is forming. Although the possibility of getting struck in your lifetime is roughly 1 in 12,000, a human does provide an attractive target for lightning bolts (闪电). Here’s what you should expect if you ever find yourself in the path of lightning. A lot can happen in the three milliseconds it takes for a lightning bolt to course through your body. Lightning strikes may leave you with deep wounds, often accompanied with third degree burns. Your clothes might even be torn by the explosive force of the surrounding air being superheated to up to 27,700 ℃. Blood vessels (血管) exploding from the electric shock and heat often create something called a Lichtenberg figure on your skin. This is a pattern of scars (伤疤) that branches out across your body like a tree. But it doesn’t end there. You might also be faced with a lifetime of neurological (神经系统的) conditions for reasons that scientists still don’t fully understand. It’s also possible that you will suffer from pain. In some cases, however, a lightning strike can lead to strange super talents. In a blog post, University of Miami neuroscientist Berit Brogaard writes about an incident where a surgeon who was struck by lightning developed an urge to learn to play the piano. He began to compose music he had started hearing in his head since the strike. This type of phenomenon confuses scientists. One theory that Brogaard says is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning could cause a one-time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质) that are released from the dying neurons (神经元). This causes a rewiring of neurons, providing access to areas of the brain that were previously inaccessible. Cool as it would be, you shouldn’t count on lightning turning you into a genius in one flash. Most of its results are painful, and could stay with you for the rest of your life. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．1 in 12,000 may die from lightning bolts. B．Lightning attacks can heat bodies to 27,700℃. C．Branching scars are typical after lightning attacks. D．Humans are the most likely target for lightning bolts. 2．What happened to the surgeon after the strike? A．His unexplored brain areas were activated. B．His brain was left in a fixed state of death. C．He suffered a lifetime of neurological pain. D．He recalled hidden memories about music. 3．What does the underlined word “This” refer to in paragraph 5? A．The cell death due to lightning strikes. B．The flooding of brain’s neurotransmitters. C．The rewiring of brain neurons. D．The release of dying neurons. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The process of lightning formation. B．The chances of surviving a lightning strike. C．The possibility of lightning making a genius. D．The consequences of being struck by lightning. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍被闪电击中的后果。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Blood vessels (血管) exploding from the electric shock and heat often create something called a Lichtenberg figure on your skin. This is a pattern of scars (伤疤) that branches out across your body like a tree. (血管因电击和高温而爆炸，通常会在你的皮肤上形成一种叫做利希滕贝格的形状。这是一种疤痕模式，像树一样在你的身体上分支。)”可知，闪电袭击后，皮肤上出现树枝状疤痕是很典型的情况。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“One theory that Brogaard says is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning could cause a one-time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质) that are released from the dying neurons (神经元). This causes a rewiring of neurons, providing access to areas of the brain that were previously inaccessible. (布罗加德说，一种理论是，被闪电击中导致的细胞死亡可能会导致大脑中神经递质的一次性泛滥，这些神经递质是从垂死的神经元释放出来的。这会导致神经元的重新连接，从而进入以前无法进入的大脑区域。)”可知，这位外科医生被闪电击中后，他未探索的大脑区域被激活了。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“One theory that Brogaard says is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning could cause a one-time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质) that are released from the dying neurons (神经元). This causes a rewiring of neurons, providing access to areas of the brain that were previously inaccessible. (布罗加德说，一种理论是，被闪电击中导致的细胞死亡可能会导致大脑中神经递质的一次性泛滥，这些神经递质是从垂死的神经元释放出来的。This会导致神经元的重新连接，从而进入以前无法进入的大脑区域。)”可知，This是指代上文提到的a one-time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters (神经递质)，即大脑神经递质的泛滥。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Somewhere in the sky, lightning is forming. Although the possibility of getting struck in your lifetime is roughly 1 in 4,000, a human does provide an attractive target for lightning bolts (闪电). Here’s what you should expect if you ever find yourself in the path of lightning.(在天空的某个地方，闪电正在形成。虽然在你的一生中被击中的可能性大约是1/4000，但人类确实为闪电提供了一个有吸引力的目标。如果你发现自己处于闪电的路径上，你应该这样想。)”和最后一段“Cool as it would be, you shouldn’t count on lightning turning you into a genius in one flash. Most of its results are painful, and could stay with you for the rest of your life. (尽管这很酷，但你不应该指望闪电会在一瞬间把你变成天才。它的大部分结果都是痛苦的，可能会伴随你一生。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍被闪电击中的后果。故选D。 （2025·江苏南京·一模）Can you think of someone who is an excellent communicator? He must have good skills of speaking confidently in various situations, including presentations, group discussions and activities. Also, he should be good at listening to others, understanding group dynamics, and promoting shared decision-making. Research on classroom-based group work reveals a paradox (悖论): while cooperative learning can be highly effective, merely placing children in groups often proves unproductive. The solution lies in teaching children how to cooperate effectively. Teachers play a crucial role in this process through their interaction with students. To ensure effective group work, teachers must first raise students’ awareness of the purpose and value of group activities. More importantly, they need to teach students how to engage in reasoned discussions, known as Exploratory Talk. This involves considering everyone’s viewpoints, justifying opinions with reasons, and making collective decisions. In Exploratory Talk, participants engage critically but constructively with each other’s ideas, invite contributions, and seek further explanations. Successful cooperation requires a reasoned discussion, which can be facilitated by establishing a set of “Ground Rules” for Exploratory Talk. These rules guide behaviors such as asking for information, seeking and providing reasons, and evaluating proposals. Ground Rules help children work towards joint conclusions, respect opinions, and develop their ideas. For instance, children learn to ask, “What do you think? Why?” and listen attentively to each other’s responses, reaching reasoned conclusions. Exploratory Talk enhances group activities as a powerful learning tool. Certain activities, like Talking Points, are particularly effective in stimulating such discussions. Talking Points are inspiring statements designed to encourage children to share their knowledge and uncertainties on a specific topic. Research indicates that Talking Points bring about more imaginative and extensive responses than traditional questions. They help children focus on the topic and compare their viewpoints with others. As they discuss, children realize that their ideas can develop with new evidence and that classmates are valuable resources for new thinking. With proper guidance, the students will soon begin to see their ideas flowing. And gradually they will learn to participate fully not only in education but also in life as well. 1．What may help solve the group work paradox? A．Active interaction among teachers. B．Group learning among students. C．Teachers’ effective guidance. D．Students’ deep engagement. 2．Why should Ground Rules be set for the students? A．To popularize group activities. B．To build up their individuality. C．To stimulate more proposals. D．To encourage reasoning in talks. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Students should be challenged with uncertainties. B．Traditional questions should be avoided in classes. C．Well-designed brainstorming matters in group activities. D．Idea exchanges between the students deserve top priority. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Why putting children in groups doesn’t always work B．What effects a good communicator has on discussion C．Whether teachers should use Exploratory Talk or not D．Where students’ participation in activities should go 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是小组工作悖论，以及教室如何来解决这一悖论，让小组学习变得有效。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“To ensure effective group work, teachers must first raise students’ awareness of the purpose and value of group activities. More importantly, they need to teach students how to engage in reasoned discussions, known as Exploratory Talk.(为了确保有效的小组工作，教师必须首先提高学生对小组活动的目的和价值的认识。更重要的是，他们需要教学生如何进行理性的讨论，也就是所谓的探索性谈话)”可知，教师的有效指导可以帮助解决小组工作悖论。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Successful cooperation requires a reasoned discussion, which can be facilitated by establishing a set of “Ground Rules” for Exploratory Talk. These rules guide behaviors such as asking for information, seeking and providing reasons, and evaluating proposals. Ground Rules help children work towards joint conclusions, respect opinions, and develop their ideas.(成功的合作需要理性的讨论，这可以通过建立一套探索性谈话的“基本规则”来促进。这些规则指导诸如询问信息、寻找并提供理由以及评估建议等行为。基本规则帮助孩子们得出共同的结论，尊重意见，并发展他们的想法)”可知，为学生制定基本规则是为了在谈话中鼓励推理。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Exploratory Talk enhances group activities as a powerful learning tool. Certain activities, like Talking Points, are particularly effective in stimulating such discussions. Talking Points are inspiring statements designed to encourage children to share their knowledge and uncertainties on a specific topic. Research indicates that Talking Points bring about more imaginative and extensive responses than traditional questions. They help children focus on the topic and compare their viewpoints with others.(探索性谈话作为一种强大的学习工具，加强了小组活动。某些活动，如“谈话要点”，在激发此类讨论方面特别有效。谈话要点是鼓舞人心的陈述，旨在鼓励孩子们分享他们对特定主题的知识和不确定性。研究表明，谈话要点比传统问题能带来更有想象力和更广泛的回答。它们帮助孩子专注于主题，并将自己的观点与他人的观点进行比较)”可知，精心设计的头脑风暴在小组活动中很重要。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Research on classroom-based group work reveals a paradox (悖论): while cooperative learning can be highly effective, merely placing children in groups often proves unproductive.(对课堂小组作业的研究揭示了一个悖论：虽然合作学习可以非常有效，但仅仅将孩子们分组往往被证明是无效的)”结合文章主要解释了什么是小组工作悖论，以及教室如何来解决这一悖论，让小组学习变得有效。由此可知，A选项“为什么把孩子分组并不总是有效”最符合文章标题。故选A。 （24-25高三上·江苏扬州·开学考试）Eating a plant- based diet has been shown to be very good for your heart and your overall health. In fact, a recent study found a young person could live an additional 13 years by eating more vegetables and legumes (豆类), as well as whole grains, fruit and nuts. Which makes the findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400,000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time. “Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (cardiovascular disease),” said Qi Feng, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, in a statement. While the study found eating raw veggies could protect against heart disease, cooked vegetables did not. Any benefit went away when researchers factored in lifestyle factors such as physical activity, educational level, smoking, drinking, fruit intake, red and processed meat consumption, and use of mineral and vitamin supplements. “Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏差)… related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle,” Feng said. Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study’s conclusion “Although this study found that eating more vegetables wasn’t associated with a lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases once other lifestyle and other factors were taken into account, that doesn’t mean we should stop eating vegetables,” said Victoria Taylor, a senior dietitian at the British Heart Foundation, in a statement. “The results are not surprising. Picking out one single component and assuming just adding it to the diet, e. g., vegetables, is not likely to result in the desired effect,” Alice Lichtenstein, director and senior scientist at Tufts University’s Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, told CNN in an email. “One thing that has become clear over the past decade is we should not be looking at single food s or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern,” said Lichtenstein. 1．What can we learn from the new study led by Feng? A．It followed a young UK person for 13 years. B．Its findings came as no surprise to other people. C．It overturned the conclusion of previous studies. D．Its purpose was to find the right vegetables for people. 2．What did Feng imply about vegetables’ protective effect? A．It was totally made up by some researchers. B．It still held true despite some different findings. C．It could only be achieved by living a healthy lifestyle. D．It was a misconception caused by differences in people. 3．Which of following is closest in meaning to underlined phrase“ take exception to”? A．Voice objections to. B．Add details to. C．Display ignorance of. D．Take notice of. 4．What did Lichtenstein think of the study? A．It was groundbreaking. B．It was one- sided. C．It would cause confusion. D．It needed more evidence. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了吃蔬菜对心脏和整体健康都有好处，但是一项新的研究发现吃蔬菜不能降低患心脏病的风险，科学家对此有不同的看法。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Which makes the findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400,000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time. (这使得周一发表在《营养前沿》杂志上的一项对近40万英国成年人饮食的新分析结果相当令人震惊：长期食用蔬菜，尤其是煮熟的蔬菜，并不能降低患心脏病的风险。)”和第三段““Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (cardiovascular discase),” said Qi Feng, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, in a statement. (牛津大学的流行病学家Qi Feng在一份声明中说：“我们的大型研究没有发现蔬菜摄入对心血管疾病发生有保护作用的证据。”)”可推断这项研究发现烹饪过的蔬菜并不降低心脏病风险，颠覆了之前的研究结论。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段““Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏差)… related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle,” Feng said. (“相反，我们的分析表明，蔬菜摄入对心血管疾病风险的表面保护作用很可能是由偏见造成的……与社会经济状况和生活方式的差异有关，” Feng说。)”可知Feng认为蔬菜摄入对心血管疾病风险的保护效果可能是由于社会经济状况和生活方式差异引起的偏见。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. (讨厌素食者们，先别开始庆祝。)”和划线词所在句“Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study’s conclusion. (英国和美国的专家很快就对这项研究的结论…)”由此推断出是英国和美国的专家提出了异议，所以took exception to意思是“提出反对意见”和A选项Voice objections to同义，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““One thing that has become clear over the past decade is we should not be looking at single food s or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern,” said Lichtenstein. (Lichtenstein说：“在过去的十年里，有一件事变得很清楚，那就是我们不应该只关注单一的食物或营养素，而应该关注整个饮食模式。”)”可推知Lichtenstein认为这项研究是片面的，因为它只关注单一食物或营养素，而没有考虑整体饮食模式。故选B。 （24-25高三上·江苏南京·开学考试）Now a company is launching a new robot on personal service machines. Rather than keeping you company at home, GITA (pronounced Jee-Tah) helps you go hands-free while you walk down the street, to the grocery store or to visit your neighbors. Like the name, which means “outing” in Italian, the robotic servant is for short trips out and about. Designed by the Piaggio Group, the smart device uses five cameras to see you, follow you around and carry up to 40 pounds of your belongings for four hours. It’s similar to those robotic suitcases that trail behind you at the airport, but with an entirely different outside. Picture a large container but on wheels. That’s what GITA looks like in the flagship orange color. Imagine having a hi-tech that can follow you around with your shopping inside. It’s round and strong yet relatively smart and convenient. The robotic helper is a joy to engage with, sort of like a dog. Operating GITA is simple. You just press one button to turn it on, one button for the cameras to scan your legs, and you’re off. It actually does pretty good job of following you and recognizing when you change directions. Its movement is oddly natural. When you speed up it falls behind a bit before trying to catch up, and when you stop, it stops — usually. GITA operates best on hard surfaces. However, it can’t go upstairs. It can roll on slight inclines (斜坡) and keep up with a walking person at speeds up to 6 miles per hour. A system of sounds and lights will let you know whether it is unpaired or needs a charge. And an app lets you share your robot with your “crew”, so it can follow them, too. With a speaker, your GITA can carry candy and play theme music as you take the kids trick-or-treating. A USA TODAY tech reporter gave GITA a test run in 2019. He said, “GITA certainly made quite an impression on passers-by as it rolled down New York’s busy Madison Avenue.” Yet having tech trail behind you takes some getting used to. You can’t help but look behind you to make sure it’s keeping up, somewhat like monitoring a pet. 1．For what purpose is the new robot designed? A．To instruct you where to go. B．To serve you as you walk around. C．To accompany you at home. D．To protect you when you’re traveling. 2．What does the new robot probably look like? A．It looks like a royal dog. B．It has flags and smart panels. C．It is round, orange and can roll of itself. D．It resembles cameras in appearance. 3．Which of the following is true about GITA? A．It can roll up a sharp slope at a high speed. B．It can only recognize and follow its owner. C．It can adjust its pace automatically. D．It can play tricks for children. 4．What can we learn about GITA from the last paragraph? A．People are heavily dependent on it. B．It is far from being put into use. C．It is easy to get lost and needs to be improved. D．Users have difficulty accustoming themselves to it at first. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款名为GITA的新型机器人，包括其外观、使用方法和特点等信息，它的功能是在用户行走时跟随着并在四小时内携带重达40磅的物品。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Rather than keeping you company at home, GITA (pronounced Jee-Tah) helps you go hands-free while you walk down the street, to the grocery store or to visit your neighbors. (GITA(发音为Jee-Tah)不是在家里陪伴你，而是在你走在街上、去杂货店或拜访你的邻居时，帮助你解放双手。)”可知，这款新型机器人被设计出来的目的是在你走动时为你服务。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Picture a large container but on wheels. That’s what GITA looks like in the flagship orange color. Imagine having a hi-tech that can follow you around with your shopping inside. It’s round and strong yet relatively smart and convenient. (想象一个有轮子的大容器。这就是GITA旗舰橙的样子。想象一下，有一种高科技产品可以在你购物的时候跟着你到处走。它又圆又结实，但相对来说又聪明又方便。)”可知，这款新型机器人可能是圆形的、橙色的，可以自己滚动。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When you speed up it falls behind a bit before trying to catch up, and when you stop, it stops — usually. (当你加速时，它在试图赶上之前会落后一点，当你停下来时，它也会停下来——通常是这样。)”可知，这款新型机器人GITA可以自动调整速度，跟随使用者的步伐。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Yet having tech trail behind you takes some getting used to. You can’t help but look behind you to make sure it’s keeping up, somewhat like monitoring a pet. (然而，你需要一些时间来适应身后的技术跟踪。你忍不住回头看看，以确保它跟上你的步伐，有点像监视宠物。)”可推知，用户一开始很难习惯身后跟着这款新型机器人GITA。故选D项。 （24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）The Natural Center is a Beautiful Ode to Earth What is nature? When you imagine nature, do you think about humans? Often, we don’t imagine humans as a part of the natural landscape, instead viewing ourselves and our creations as separate and distinct from the organic world around us. How do we reconcile (使和谐一致) our idea of humanity with our idea of nature, as we are animals ourselves? Artist Aaron Delehanty explores questions such as these through his work The Natural Center. Delehanty, a lifelong environmentalist, creates pieces that focus on the boundary between nature and humankind. His goal, no matter the media or technique he uses, is to challenge the way we systemize our natural world. The Natural Center is currently on exhibit in the Art and Music Library’s Frontispace Gallery. Each one of the mixed media paintings and sculptures intertwines (交织) themes of nature and humanity, exploring feelings of unnaturalness or discomfort in the spaces where they meet. The most prominently placed piece is the waterco lor series on the back wall of the exhibit. On the other wall, the Origami Audubon Series features image ry from John James Audubon’s famous Birds of America watercolor painting series. The exhibit also houses four sculpted cranes, each frozen in a unique pose. The Natural Center will be on display through Friday, Feb. 17 in the Frontispace Gallery, located on the ground floor of Rush Rhees Library at the Art and Music Library entrance. 1．What does Aaron Delehanty intend to do through The Natural Center? A．To praise humans as animals. B．To challenge the natural world. C．To integrate mankind into nature. D．To systemize the human world. 2．What can you do in the exhibit? A．Make unique sculptures. B．Admire fascinating artworks. C．Enjoy comfortable music. D．Observe various living creatures. 3．In which section of the magazine may the text appear? A．Gardening. B．Health. C．Wildlife. D．Art. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术家Aaron Delehanty的作品《自然中心》以及该作品在艺术和音乐图书馆Frontispace画廊的展览情况。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Often, we don’t imagine humans as a part of the natural landscape, instead viewing ourselves and our creations as separate and distinct from the organic world around us. How do we reconcile (使和谐一致) our idea of humanity with our idea of nature, as we are animals ourselves?(通常，我们不把人类想象成自然景观的一部分，相反，我们认为自己和我们的创造与我们周围的有机世界是分开和不同的。因为我们自己也是动物，我们应该如何调和我们对人类的想法和我们对自然的想法？)”和第二段中“Artist Aaron Delehanty explores questions such as these through his work The Natural Center. His goal, no matter the media or technique he uses, is to challenge the way we systemize our natural world.(艺术家Aaron Delehanty通过他的作品《自然中心》探讨了这些问题。他的目标，无论他使用什么媒介或技术，都是为了挑战我们系统化自然世界的方式。)”可推知，Aaron Delehanty的目的是通过他的作品挑战我们系统化自然世界的方式，挑战将人类与自然分开的想法，意图是将人类融入自然。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Natural Center is currently on exhibit in the Art and Music Library’s Frontispace Gallery. Each one of the mixed media paintings and sculptures intertwines (交织) themes of nature and humanity, exploring feelings of unnaturalness or discomfort in the spaces where they meet.(《自然中心》目前正在艺术和音乐图书馆的前沿画廊展出。每一幅混合媒介绘画和雕塑都交织着自然和人类的主题，探索它们相遇的空间中的不自然或不适的感觉。)”可知，在展览中，你可以欣赏到混合媒介绘画和雕塑，这些作品交织着自然和人类的主题。因此，你可以在展览中欣赏到迷人的艺术作品。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章标题“The Natural Center is a Beautiful Ode to Earth (《自然中心》是一首献给地球的美丽颂歌)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了艺术家Aaron Delehanty的作品《自然中心》以及该作品在艺术和音乐图书馆Frontispace画廊的展览情况，属于艺术范畴。因此本文可能出现在杂志的艺术板块。故选D项。 （24-25高三上·江苏南通·开学考试）Artificial intelligence-powered medical treatment options are on the rise and have the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, but a new study found that about almost half of participants would choose a human doctor rather than AI for diagnosis and treatment. “While many patients appear resistant to the use of AI, accuracy of information and a slight push from physicians may help increase acceptance,” Dr. Slepian mentioned the study’s other primary finding: that a human touch can help clinical practices use AI to their advantage and earn patients’ trust. “To ensure the benefits of AI are secured in clinical practice, future research on best methods of physician involvement and patient decision making is required.” In the study, participants were asked whether they would prefer to have an AI system or a physical doctor for diagnosis and treatment, and under what circumstances. Researchers conducted structured interviews with actual patients, testing their reactions to current and future AI technologies. Then they. polled 2,472 participants across diverse ethnic, racial and socioeconomic groups using a blinded, randomized survey. Overall, participants were almost evenly split, with more than 52% choosing human doctors as a preference versus approximately 47% choosing an AI diagnostic method. If study participants were informed their primary care physicians felt AI was superior, the acceptance of AI by study participants on re-questioning increased. This signaled the significance of the human physician in guiding a patient’s decision. Disease severity didn’t affect participants’ trust in AI. Compared to White participants, Black ones selected AI less often and Native Americans more often. Older participants were less likely to choose it, as were those who self-identified as politically conservative. These findings suggest differing groups will need specific attention as to informing them as to the value and usefulness of AI to enhance diagnoses. “I feel this study will guide many future studies and clinical translational decisions even now,” Dr. Slepian said. “The onus will be on physicians and others in health care to ensure that information in AI systems is accurate, and to continue to maintain and enhance the accuracy of AI systems as they will play an increasing role in the future of health care.” 1．What can be inferred from Dr. Slepian’s words in Paragraph 2? A．Most patients are still doubtful about AI medical treatment. B．Human physicians can do a lot to promote AI medical treatment. C．The unacceptance of AI is mainly due to the inaccuracy of information. D．The reality that patients choose human doctors limits the development of AI. 2．What’s the key factor in increasing participants’ preference for AI treatment? A．The gravity of the disease. B．The guidance of the physician. C．The superiority of AI system. D．The personal background of the participant. 3．What does the underlined word “onus” in the last paragraph mean? A．Responsibility. B．Attempt. C．Dependence. D．Focus. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Trust in AI: A Split among Patients. B．Bridging the Gap: Human Doctors and AI. C．An Important Study: The Future of AI Systems. D．Improving Diagnostic Accuracy: The Role of AI. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了患者对AI医疗的信任问题，并指出患者在选择AI和人类医生时存在分歧。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段““While many patients appear resistant to the use of AI, accuracy of information and a slight push from physicians may help increase acceptance,” Dr. Slepian mentioned the study’s other primary finding: that a human touch can help clinical practices use AI to their advantage and earn patients’ trust. “To ensure the benefits of AI are secured in clinical practice, future research on best methods of physician involvement and patient decision making is required.”(“虽然许多患者似乎对人工智能的使用持抵制态度,但信息的准确性和医生的轻微推动可能有助于提高接受 度，“Slepian博士提到了该研究的另一个主要发现:人性化的接触可以帮助临床实践利用人工智能并赢得患者的信任。”为了确保人工智能的好处在临床实践中得到保障,需要对医生参与和患者决策的最佳方法进行未来的研究。”)可知,从斯莱皮安博士的话可 以推断人类医生可以做很多事情来促进人工智能医疗，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“If study participants were informed their primary care physicians felt AI was superior, the acceptance of AI by study participants on re-questioning increased. This signaled the significance of the human physician in guiding a patient’s decision.”（如果研究参与者被告知他们的初级保健医生认为人工智能更优越，那么研究参与者对人工智能的接受度就会增加。这标志着人类医生在指导病人做出决定方面的重要性。）可知，医生的指导是增加参与者对AI治疗偏好的关键因素。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“to continue to maintain and enhance the accuracy of AI systems as they will play an increasing role in the future of health care.”（并继续保持和提高人工智能系统的准确性，因为它们将在未来的医疗保健中发挥越来越大的作用。）可知，保持和提高人工智能系统的准确性的医生和其他医疗保健人员，所以医生和其他医疗保健人员有责任确保人工智能系统中的信息准确。所以划线词的意思是“责任”。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Artificial intelligence-powered medical treatment options are on the rise and have the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, but a new study found that about almost half of participants would choose a human doctor rather than AI for diagnosis and treatment.”（人工智能驱动的医疗选择正在增加，并有可能提高诊断的准确性，但一项新的研究发现，大约一半的参与者会选择人类医生而不是人工智能进行诊断和治疗。）和最后一段““I feel this study will guide many future studies and clinical translational decisions even now,” Dr. Slepian said. “The onus will be on physicians and others in health care to ensure that information in AI systems is accurate, and to continue to maintain and enhance the accuracy of AI systems as they will play an increasing role in the future of health care.”(斯菜皮安博士说:“我觉得即使现在,这项研究也将指导许多未来的研究和临床转化决策。”“医生和其他医疗保健人员将有责任确保人工智能系统中的信息准确无误,并继续维护和提高人工智能系统的准确性,因为它们将在未来的医疗保健中发挥越来越大的作用。”)”可知，本文主要说明了人类医生和人工智能的关系，通过人类医生的帮助来提供人类对人工智能的信 心。B选项“弥合差距:人类医生与人工智能”符合文意。故选B项。 （2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）“Digital art with iPad and Apple Pencil has helped to expand my creative thinking.” Apichaya "Bim" Wannakit is starting her fourth year in painting, sculpture, and graphic art at Silpakorn University in Bangkok, in the heart of the modern Thai art scene. Growing up in Northeast Thailands creative community in Ubon Ratchatani, Bim developed her passion for art at a young age. She took inspiration from anime like "Dragon Ball Z" cartoons she saw on television and the "Manga" comic books she collected. She put years of hands-on practice into her illustrations using brushes, watercolors, and oil paints. In high school, she discovered even more ways to express herself and expand her creative palette when she started using iPad with Apple Pencil. “I quickly adapted to the precision and flexibility of digital painting using Apple Pencil,” Bim says. “It brought my entire art kit into one magical tool, without sacrificing the natural feel of traditional mediums. It allows me a new way to bring my ideas to life.” When it was time to get ready for university, Bim used iPad to bring her art portfolio together, capturing and storing all her mixed media digitally in iCloud. Bim says, “I initially chose Apple technology because of its cloud service for file management and simple-to-learn design interface — iPad has made my life easier.” Today she uses Procreate on iPad with Apple Pencil for all her creative workflows. Features such as QuickShape and StreamLine with Apple Pencil enable her to quickly add layers, outlines, colors, and shadows in an immersive and playful way. “My love for traditional painting and digital art brings me a new sense of balance. My Apple devices help to make this possible from anywhere.” iPad also supports her daily academic work. Bim uses Apple Pencil with GoodNotes for note-taking, and Microsoft Word on iPad for creating art descriptions. “In class, I use iPad Pro to present my work,” Bim says. “And the 12.9-inch screen is large enough for my professor to view my art comfortably.” “Through my art, I want to tell a story that inspires others and creates a space for experimental ideas.” 1．What does Bim Wannakit value most about using Apple devices for her art? A．The cost-effectiveness of the devices. B．The ability to create a balance between traditional and digital art. C．The simplicity of the design interface. D．The ease of file management through cloud services. 2．Why did Bim choose to use iPad and Apple Pencil for her artistic work? A．They replicated the feel of traditional art materials exactly. B．They provided a cheaper alternative to professional art tools. C．They allowed her to combine digital flexibility with a natural drawing feel. D．They were the only tools available to her at the time. 3．According to the article, how has Bim's artistic practice been enhanced by digital tools? A．She can now create larger artworks than before. B．She has access to a wider range of colors and textures. C．She can share her work instantly with a global audience. D．She can experiment with new techniques and styles more easily. 4．Bim mentioned that GoodNotes and Microsoft Word have been helpful in her academic work. What are the main uses of these tools? A．Creating detailed sketches for her art projects. B．Organizing her research and writing academic papers. C．Editing photos for her online art gallery. D．Designing promotional materials for art exhibitions. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。iPad和苹果铅笔的数字艺术帮助艺术爱好者Bim Wannakit 进行艺术创作,拓展了创造性思维。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第四段““I quickly adapted to the precision and flexibility of digital painting using Apple Pencil,” Bim says. “It brought my entire art kit into one magical tool, without sacrificing the natural feel of traditional mediums. It allows me a new way to bring my ideas to life.”(“我很快就适应了苹果铅笔数字绘画的精确性和灵活性，”他说。“它将我的整个美术工具包变成了一个神奇的工具，同时又不牺牲传统媒介的自然感觉。它为我提供了一种新的方式来实现我的想法。”)”可知，Bim Wannakit看重的是在传统艺术和数字艺术之间创造平衡的能力。主要是用苹果设备进行艺术创作。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段““It brought my entire art kit into one magical tool, without sacrificing the natural feel of traditional mediums. It allows me a new way to bring my ideas to life.”(它将我的整个美术工具包变成了一个神奇的工具，同时又不牺牲传统媒介的自然感觉。它为我提供了一种新的方式来实现我的想法。”)”可知，iPad和苹果铅笔让她将数字的灵活性与自然的绘画感觉结合起来。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Today she uses Procreate on iPad with Apple Pencil for all her creative workflows. Features such as QuickShape and StreamLine with Apple Pencil enable her to quickly add layers, outlines, colors, and shadows in an immersive and playful way. (如今，她在iPad上使用Procreate和Apple Pencil来处理她所有的创意工作流程。Apple Pencil的QuickShape和StreamLine等功能使她能够以身临其境和有趣的方式快速添加图层，轮廓，颜色和阴影。)”可知，通过数字工具，她可以接触到更广泛的颜色和纹理。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“iPad also supports her daily academic work. Bim uses Apple Pencil with GoodNotes for note-taking, and Microsoft Word on iPad for creating art descriptions. “In class, I use iPad Pro to present my work,” Bim says. (iPad也支持她的日常学习。他用苹果铅笔和GoodNotes做笔记，用iPad上的微软Word创建艺术描述。“在课堂上，我用iPad Pro来展示我的作品，”他说。)”可知，他使用这些工具来组织她的研究和撰写学术论文。故选B。 （2024·江苏南通·一模）If you’ve never been one to sleep in socks, you might want to give it a try. Sleeping in socks helps to regulate your body temperature, which can lead to falling asleep faster, waking up less, and sleeping in later, according to research. When your core body temperature is regulated, it makes for better sleep, Breus said. A drop in core body temperature signals to the body that it’s time to sleep and coincides(相符合)with the release of the sleep hormone. Experts suggest keeping your bedroom between 68 to 72 degrees Fahrenheit for enough sleep. “Some sources recommend an even colder room; however, I typically recommend temperatures two to five degrees cooler than a comfortable temperature in the house during the day,” Dr. Nilong Vyas, medical review expert at Sleep Foundation, previously told Fortune. If you wear socks to sleep, ensure they aren’t so tight that they restrict blood flow, wrote Breus. It’s important the socks are comfortable so they don’t become a sleep distraction. And you should choose a clean pair, not the ones you wore all day, behavioral sleep disorders specialist Michelle Drerup, PsyD, told the Cleveland Clinic. If you feel a sensory overload sleeping in socks, research suggests that putting your feet in a warm water bath before bed can give a similar effect. While sleeping in socks is worth a try to get better rest, it’s not a cure all. Socks aren’t a treatment for insomnia or other sleep conditions—you should talk to a medical professional for ongoing issues. And people with circulation issues should not sleep with socks without talking to their doctor first. But, along with unplugging before bed and avoiding caffeine too late in the day, putting on a pair of socks before bed might be a way to step up your sleep routine, and wake up better rested. 1．What contributes to better sleep according to the text? A．A bedroom full of fresh air. B．A pair of socks on the foot. C．A good emotion regulation. D．A higher core body temperature. 2．What might Dr. Nilong Vyas agree with? A．Sleepers will suffer in a very cold room. B．Temperature plays a role in quality sleep. C．The colder the room is, the better we sleep. D．Daytime sleep matters as much as nighttime sleep. 3．What does the underlined word“unplugging”probably mean in paragraph 7? A．Heat up. B．Turn over C．Think back. D．Switch off. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．A worthwhile attempt to sleep in socks B．A good excuse for sleeping in every day C．The reasons for socks curing your diseases D．The ways to wear socks during the night sleep 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了穿袜子睡觉是值得尝试的一种增强睡眠的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“If you’ve never been one to sleep in socks, you might want to give it a try. Sleeping in socks helps to regulate your body temperature, which can lead to falling asleep faster, waking up less, and sleeping in later, according to research. (如果你从来没有穿袜子睡觉，你可能想试一试。研究表明，穿袜子睡觉有助于调节体温，从而更快入睡、醒得更少、睡得更晚)”可知，脚上穿一双袜子有助于更好的睡眠。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Some sources recommend an even colder room; however, I typically recommend temperatures two to five degrees cooler than a comfortable temperature in the house during the day,” Dr. Nilong Vyas, medical review expert at Sleep Foundation, previously told Fortune. (一些消息来源建议更冷的房间；然而，我通常建议白天的温度比舒适的室内温度低2到5度，睡眠基金会的医学审查专家尼龙·维亚斯博士此前告诉《财富》杂志。)”可知，Dr. Nilong Vyas认为温度在睡眠质量中起作用。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据“and avoiding caffeine too late in the day, putting on a pair of socks before bed might be a way to step up your sleep routine (避免在一天中太晚摄入咖啡因，睡前穿一双袜子可能是加强睡眠规律的一种方法)”以及划线处后的“before bed (睡前)”可知，划线处应为增强睡眠的一种方法，睡前应关灯，划线处和D项：Switch off(关灯)含义一致。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you’ve never been one to sleep in socks, you might want to give it a try. Sleeping in socks helps to regulate your body temperature, which can lead to falling asleep faster, waking up less, and sleeping in later, according to research. (如果你从来没有穿袜子睡觉，你可能想试一试。研究表明，穿袜子睡觉有助于调节体温，从而更快入睡、醒得更少、睡得更晚)”可知，文章讲述的是穿袜子睡觉是值得尝试的一种增强睡眠的方法。A项：A worthwhile attempt to sleep in socks(穿袜子睡觉是值得尝试的)合乎题意。故选A。 （2024·江苏南通·一模）Using a brain-training app helps people eat less junk food and lose weight, new research suggests. The Food Trainer (FoodT app)trains people to tap on images of healthy foods but to stop when they see unhealthy snacks, creating an association between these foods and stopping. The new study, by the universities of Exeter and Helsinki, found that playing the game about once a day for a month led to an average one-point reduction of junk food consumption on an eight-point scale (the scale ranges from four or more items per day, to one or zero items per month). About half of the study’s 1, 234 participants followed the recommendation and played the game at least 10 times. Across all participants, an average weight loss of half a kilogram and a small increase in healthy food eaten was seen. “For example, someone who ate each junk food four times a week reduced this to twice a week after using the app regularly for a month, and then to once a week. Overall, the findings are really encouraging” said Professor Natalia Lawrence. “The app is free and it only takes about four minutes per day. So it’s something people realistically can do.” “There’s some evidence that the benefits were stronger for people who were more overweight. We would expect to see this, because the app targets mechanisms that lead people to become overweight, such as the strong urges to approach and consume inviting junk foods.” CO-researcher Dr Matthias Aulbach added. “If you’re trying to teach the brain something new, it’s a good idea to space out the learning over multiple sessions,” said Dr Aulbach. It may be helpful to do the training in different contexts—not just at home but at work and elsewhere, so the associations you learn don’t just relate to one location. The researchers stress that their findings should be interpreted fully and that further study is needed, because there was no control group and other factors could play a part in the results, such as the possibility that people who did more training were also separately more motivated to lose weight. 1．How does FoodT help users eat less junk food and lose weight? A．By having negative reactions to junk food. B．By making healthy-eating plans for them. C．By turning their attention to video games. D．By recommending healthy foods to them. 2．What can be known about FoodT? A．It is accessible on limited occasions. B．It specially targets unhealthy people. C．It follows a gradual weight-loss mode. D．It encourages people to take more exercise. 3．What is the researchers’ attitude toward their findings? A．Concerned. B．Critical. C．Confident. D．Cautious. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．An app setting a new trend in exercising. B．An app originating from a mobile game. C．An app assisting people in eating less. D．An app helping people reduce weight. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个帮助人们减肥的应用程序。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The Food Trainer (FoodT app)trains people to tap on images of healthy foods but to stop when they see unhealthy snacks, creating an association between these foods and stopping. (Food Trainer (FoodT应用)训练人们点击健康食品的图片，但当看到不健康的零食时就停下来，在这些食物和停下来之间建立一种联系)”可知，通过对垃圾食品产生负面反应，帮助用户少吃垃圾食品并减肥。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Across all participants, an average weight loss of half a kilogram and a small increase in healthy food eaten was seen. “For example, someone who ate each junk food four times a week reduced this to twice a week after using the app regularly for a month, and then to once a week. Overall, the findings are really encouraging” said Professor Natalia Lawrence. (在所有参与者中，平均体重减轻了半公斤，健康食物的摄入量也有所增加。“例如，每周吃四次垃圾食品的人在定期使用该应用程序一个月后减少到每周两次，然后减少到每周一次。总的来说，这些发现确实令人鼓舞。”)”每周吃四次垃圾食品的人在定期使用该应用程序一个月后减少到每周两次，可知它遵循一个渐进的减肥模式。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The researchers stress that their findings should be interpreted fully and that further study is needed, because there was no control group and other factors could play a part in the results, such as the possibility that people who did more training were also separately more motivated to lose weight.(研究人员强调，他们的发现应该得到充分的解释，还需要进一步的研究，因为没有对照组，其他因素也可能在结果中发挥作用，比如，锻炼更多的人可能也更有动力减肥)”可知，研究人员认为他们的发现应该得到充分的解释以及进一步的研究，可知他们对于研究发现的态度是非常的谨慎的。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Using a brain-training app helps people eat less junk food and lose weight, new research suggests. (一项新的研究表明，使用一款大脑训练应用程序可以帮助人们少吃垃圾食品、减肥)”可知，这篇文章主要是关于一个帮助人们减肥的应用程序。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$