专题19 情态动词-备战2025年中考英语语法专项突破与提升训练

专题19 情态动词 一、含义 情态动词表示说话者的情感，态度和语气。本身有意义，但不能单独做谓语，要和动词原形一起构成句子的谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 常用的情态动词有：can（could）， may（might）， must， have to， shall，should， will（would），need，used to，ought to，dare 等 二、用法 1.can & could （1）表示能力，译为“可以”，could表示过去的能力 The bird can fly. （2）表示请求和允许，译为“可以”（could 更加委婉） Can／Could I go with you？我可以和你一起走呢？（表示请求） You can take it. 你可以拿走它。（表允许） （3）表示猜测，常用于否定句中，译为“不可能” He can't be at home. 他不可能在家。 （4）can 用于疑问句或感叹句表示怀疑，不相信的态度。 Can this be true？这可能是真的么？ How can you be so careless？你怎么能够这么不小心。 （5）句式转换 ①一般疑问句，把can／could移到句首。 回答是yes，...can／could. No，...can't／couldn't 【注意】：could是表示能力的，则could问could答。若是请求的，肯定回答Yes, ...can 或者Of course／Sure／yes等来回答。否定则用sorry，...can't回答。 ---Can／Could the bird fly？这只鸟会飞么？（表能力） ---Yes,it can/could. --- No,it can't/ couldn't. ---Could you pass me the paper？ 你可以递给我那张纸么？（表请求） --- Yes, I can./ Sure/ Of course./No problem. -No, I cant./ Sorry. ②否定句，把not加到后面，可缩写成can't／couldn't You can't take it. 你不能拿走它。 即时演练A 1．---I wonder（想知道）if（是否）these are Jim's glasses． ---They be his. He doesn't wear glasses. A could B.must C.can't D.may 2. Dirty air and water are harmful. They kill plants, and even people. A.can B.can't C.should D.shouldn't 3．你可以传给我一只笔么？（翻译句子） 4．Could you turn off the TV？（回答句子，肯否定回答） 5．Can she ride a bike now？（回答句子，肯否定回答） 2．may＆might（过去式） （1）表示请求和允许。 May／Might I go home now？我现在可以回家么？（表请求，might语气更委婉） You may go home.你可以回家。（表允许） 【注意】：may用于表示请求的问句中，只和第一人称I／we搭配 （2）表示猜测，译为“可能”（只用于肯定句） He may be at home.他可能在家。 （3）在祈使句中表示祝愿。May you happy！ （4）句式转换 ①一般疑问句，把may／might移到句首。 回答是---Yes，...may／can. ---No,...can't/mustn't. --- May I use play the piano？我可以弹钢琴么？ ---Yes, you may/can. ---No,you can't/mustn't. ②否定句，把not加到后面。 You may not take it.你不能拿走它。 即时演练B 1.---Sandy, is Mr Li in the teachers' office now? ---I am not sure. He be there. A.must B.can't C.mustn't D.may 2.The man be a doctor in this hospital, but I'm not sure. A.must B.would C.can D.might 3.---The summer vacation is coming.Have you made a plan for it?. ---Not yet. I go to Guilin. A.may B.can C.should D.must 4. she listen to rock music? A.May B.Can C.Might D.Must 3. must & have to [must] （1）表示必须，强调主观需要。 You must come on time. 你必须准时来。 （2）表示猜测，用在肯定句中，语气最强，译为“一定，肯定” He must be at home. 他肯定在家。 （3）句式转换 ①一般疑问句，把must移到句首 回答是 ---Yes, ...must. ---No, ...needn't./don't(doesn't)have to. ---Must he come on time？ 她必须准时来么？ ---Yes,he must. ---No, he needn't./he doesn't have to. ②否定句，把not加到后面。可缩写为mustn't，译为“不准，不应该，禁止” We mustn't cross the road when the light is red.红灯时，我们不准过马路。 [have to] （1）have to 表示“不得不，必须”强调客观需要，否定形式是 don't／doesn't have to （2）有第三人称单数的变化，即has to；也有过去式的变化，had to She has to come back home before 9 p.m．她必须在9点前到家。 I had to get up early when I was a child. 当我还是个孩子的时，我必须要很早起床。 （3）句式转换 ①一般疑问句，借助 do／does／did. 回答是---Yes，...do／does／did. ---No，...don't／doesn't／didn't. ---Do you have to get up early everyday？ 你必须每天很早起床么？ --- Yes, I do. --- No, I don't. --- Does she have to come back before 9 p.m.？ 她必须在9点前到家么？ --Yes, she does. ---No, she doesn't. ②否定句，借助助动词 don't／doesn't／didn't，后跟have to。 I didn’t have to get up early when I was a child. 当我还是个孩子的时，我不用很早起床。 即时演练C 1. ---Look! There are so many people in the restaurant. ---Yes.The food there be delicious. A.shouldn't B.can't C.must D.need 2. ---Is that Mary over there? ---It be her. She has gone to Kunming A.may B.must C.can't D.mustn't 3.---Must I sweep the floor now, Mom? ---No, you . A.mustn't B.can't C.needn't D.have to 4.We still have plenty of time.We hurry. A.mustn't B.can't C.doesn't have to D.don't have to 4. shaIl & should 【shall】 （1）shall 用于第一，三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见，请求，译为“应该，会”。 When shall we go？我们该什么时候走呢？ Shall Marry come in now？现在可以让玛丽进来了么？ （2）shall 用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话给对方警告，威胁，允诺 You shall fail the exam if you don't work harder.（警告） 如果你不努力点，你会考试不及格。 If you behave well，you shall get a present.（允诺） 如果你表现 好，你会得到一份礼物。 （3）句式转换 ①一般疑问句，shall移到句首。回答是---Yes，..shall. ---No,...shan't. ---Shall Marry come in now？现在可以让玛丽进来了么？ ---Yes,she shall. ---No,she shan't. ②否定句，shall后加not，缩写形式是shan't。 You shall not fail the exam if you work harder.（警告） 如果你努力点，你不会考试不及格。 【should】 （1）should表示劝告、建议、责任和义务，译为“应该”。 You should do some sports every day. 你应该每天做点运动。（表示劝告／建议） Students should follow the rules. 学生应遵守规则。（义务） （2）句式转换 ①一般疑问句，should 移到句首 回答是---Yes，...should. ---No,...shouldn't. --- Should students follow the rules. 学生应遵守规则么？ ---Yes, they should. ---No, they shouldn't. ②否定句，should后加not，缩写形式是shouldn't。 You shouldn't watch TV every day. 你不应该每天看电视。 即时演练D 1．We carry forward（发扬）the spirit（精神）of serving the people whole-heartedly(全心全意为人民服务)． A.might B.should C.could D.may 2.People talk on a mobile phone while they are driving. A. shouldn't B.needn't C.must D.can 5.will & would （1）表示请求、建议时，一般用于第二人称的问句中，would比will 更委婉 Will／Would you show me the photo？你可以给我看一下这个照片么？ （2）表示意愿、决心 I will help you if your are in trouble.如果你遇上麻烦了，我会帮你的。 （3）表示规律性的“注定会” Men will die without air. 没有空气，人就会死。 （4）表示习惯性，特性，常译为“总是”，will用于现在，would用于过去 We may not see each other often but we will always be best friends. 我们可能不常见面，但我们一直是好朋友。 When he was young,he would often swim in the river. 年轻时，他经常在这条河里游泳。 （5）句式转换 ①一般疑问句，will／would移到句首。回答是---Yes，...will／would. ---No,...won't/wouldn't. Will men die without air？ 没有空气，人就会死么？ ---Yes, they will. ---No,they won't. 【注意】Will／Would you...是表示请求的意思。肯定回答用yes，I'd love to.／Yes，please.／Sure／Of course等。否定回答用 Sorry，I can't.／No，thanks等。 ---Would you drive me home？你可以载我回家么？ --Sure. -- Sorry, I can't. ②否定句，will／would后加not，缩写形式是won't／wouldn't。 We won't always be best friends. 我们不会总是朋友。 即时演练E 1. The ice melt in summer. A.would B.will C.may D.should 2. --These books are too heavy. --I give you a hand. A.may B.have to C.could D.will 6.used to （1）used to意为“过去常常，过去是”，后跟动词原形。表示过去存在的某种状态或过去某种经常性、习惯性的行为。 I used to listen to pop music.我过去常听流行音乐。 （2）句式转换 ①一般疑问句，used移到句首，Used sb to...？或者借助did，Did sb use to...？ 回答是---Yes，...used. ---No，...usedn't.或者 ---Yes, ...did. ---No，...didn't. ---Used he to grow up in the countryside？他过去是在农村长大么？ ---Yes,he used. ---No, he usedn't. ---Did he use to grow up in the countryside? ---Yes,he did. ---No，he didn't. ②否定句，used后加not，缩写形式是usedn't，或didn't use to，译为“过去不...” He didn't used to／usedn't to tell lies. 他过去不说谎。 【注意】与used to 相似的短语 短语 意思 例句 be/get used to doing 习惯做某事，后跟动词ing 形式 I am used to asking my mum for help. 我习惯向我妈妈求助。 物体 be used to do 某物被用于做某事 The computer is used to control all the machine. 这个电脑是用来控制所有机器。 即时演练 F 1.He used to with his parents,but now he is used to with her at friends. A.live;living B.live;live C.living;living D.living;live 2.There a lot of bears in this area. A.used to be B.was used to be C.was used to being D.used to being 3.She used to in a small village, but now she has been used to_ in the big city. A.living;live B.live;live C.living;living D.live;living 4.---My grandma is used to in the countryside. --- Oh. So is my grandma A.live B.lives C.living D.lived 7.had better （1）had better 主要用来表示劝告或建议，后跟动词原形，可缩写为'd better。 （2）had better是一种“命令”口气，含有“我说了，你得听”的意味，故下级对上级，晚辈对长辈不适宜用此结构。 You'd better take an umbrella with you. 你最好带把伞。 （3）其否定形式为 had better not You'd better not play jokes on him. 你最好不要开他玩笑。 8.need （1）need译为需要。 You need sell more tickets.你需要卖更多的票。 （2）句式转换 ①一般疑问句，need移到句首。回答是---Yes，...must. ---No,...needn't. ---Need she wait for us？ 她需要等我们么？ ---Yes, she must. ---No, she needn't. ②否定句，need后加not，缩写形式是needn't She needn't wait for us. 她不需要等我们。 9.dare （1）dare译为“敢”，多用于疑问句，否定句。 You will be punished if you dare break the rules. 如果你敢违反规定，你就会受到处罚。 （2）句式转换 ①一般疑问句，dare移到句首。回答是---Yes，...dare. ---No,...daren't ---Dare he tell lies？ 他敢说谎么？ ---Yes,he dare. ---No, he daren't. ②否定句，dare后加not，缩写形式是daren't She daren't be late for school.她不敢迟到。 10.ought to & would rather （1）ought to 表示“应该”，否定形式是ought not to 不应该 You ought to look up the dictionary.你应该查字典。 You ought not to fight with her.你不应该和她打架。 （2）would rather表示“宁愿”，可缩写成'd rather。否定形式 would rather not “宁不...”。固定句型：would rather do A than do B 宁可做A，也不愿做B。 I would rather return home now. 我宁愿现在回家。 I would rather listen to music than watch TV. 我宁愿听音乐，也不看电视。 综合练习： 一、单项选择 1. you mend my car? I not start it. A.Would;would B.Must;must C.Can;can D.May;may 2.---Where's Mr. Huang? I have something interesting to tell him. ---You find him. He London. A.may not; has gone to B.may not; has been to C. can't; has gone to D. can't; has been to 3. you pass me a pen? A.Need B.Could C.Must D.Should 4.I have my own room in my house, so I do what I want in it. A.must B.have to C.need D.can 5.The boy answer this hard question one year ago. A.can B.may C.could D.must 6.---Must I go to the law university. ---No, you . A.wouldn't B.needn't C.had better not D.might not 7.---Can you go shopping with us this afternoon? ---Sorry, I can't. I take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill. A.can B.may C.would D.have to 8.---Is Mr. Huang in the reading room? ---No, he be there. He has gone to London. A.mustn't B.needn't C.won't D.can't 9.---Susan looks upset. What's up? ---Oh, you are to blame.You play a joke on her in front of so many people. A.should B.shouldn't C.needn't D.mustn't 10.---Could I look at your pictures? ---Yes, of course you . A.could B.can C.will D.might 11.---May I go to the cinema, Mum? ---Certainly.But you be back by 11 o'clock. A.can B.may C.must D.need 12. she ride when she was three years old? A.Can B.Could C.Need D.May 13. I worry about the final test. I always get well prepared before it comes. A.can't B.mustn't C.daren't D.needn't 14.Cars,buses and bikes stop when traffic lights change to red. A.can B.may C.must D.need 15.When I was young, I was told I play with fire. A.needn't B.mustn't C.won't D.daren't 16.The new law states that people drive after drinking alcohol. A wouldn't B needn't C won't D mustn't 17. Susan's parents have bought a large house.It be very expensive. A.must B.can C.mustn't D.can't 18.This book Lucy's. Look! Her name is on the book cover. A.must be B.may be C.can't be D.mustn't be 19.--- I have your name,please? A.Must B.Will C.May D.Need 20.---May I go to the cinema, dad? ---No, you . You must finish your homework first. A.mustn't B.won't C.don't D.needn't 21.--- I can't get through mum anyhow. ---The line is busy Someone the telephone. A.can use B.can have used C.must have used D.must be using 22.Look out! The knife is very sharp.You cut your finger. A.need B.must C.should D.may 23.---Why we close that chemical factory? ---Because it has caused lots of pollution. We need better environment. A.must B.can C.may D.should 24.---China is going to use AI to protect the Great Wall. ---Groat! AI is so helpful that people use it in their daily life now. A.must B.can C.shall D.have to 25.Put on more clothes.You be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A.can B.could C.must D.would 二、转换句型 1．May I go with them tomorrow？（作否定回答） 2．Could you lend me your dictionary？（作否定回答） 3．He could play chess when he was 5．（改成一般疑问句并作否定回答） 4．Need I finish my homework tonight？（作肯定回答） 5．--- I go home now？我现在可以回家了吗？ ---No, you 不，你不可以。 6. You'd better TV every day. 你最好不要每天看电视。 答案 即时演练A 1-2 CA 3.Can/Could you pass a pen? 4．肯定回答：Sure．否定回答：Sorry，I can't． 5.Yes,she can./ No,she can't 即时演练B 1-4 DDAB 即时演练C 1-4 CCCD 即时演练D 1-2 BA 即时演练E 1-2 BD 即时演练F 1-4 AADC 综合练习 一、单项选择 1-5 CCBDC 6-10 BDDBB 11-15 CBDCD/B 16-20 DAACA 21-25 DDABD 二、句型转换 1. No，you can't． 2. Sorry，I am afraid not． 3. Could he play chess when he was 5? No, he couldn't. 4. Yes,you need. 5. May;can't 6. not watch 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$