专题02 必修第一册Unit 3～4 教材核心知识串讲（期中复习课件）高一英语上学期沪外版

高一英语期中考试复习 上外版2020 必修第一册 Unit 3-4 九种状语从句 上外版必修一 Unit 3 Travel 定义： 在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语、状语或整个句子。 分类： 状语从句根据它表达的意思不同，可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步九类。 时间状语从句 常用连接词： when, while, as, before, after, since, once, until, as soon as, every time, each time, the moment, by the time, immediately, the minute, the second… 1.when 1）当……时 表示时间点时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示时间段时，从句中用延续性动词。 When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in. 当他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。（时间段） He waved a hello when he saw her. 当他看见她的时候，就挥手打了个招呼。（时间点） 温馨提示：第一个句子中的when可以用while替换，但是第二个句子的when不可以。 2）正在这时 常用句型： be doing…when… 正在干某事这时…… be about to do…when… 即将干某事这时…… had done …when… 刚一……这时…… He was about to go to bed when the doorbell rang. 他正要上床睡觉，忽然门铃响了。 They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out. 他们正看着世界杯比赛，突然灯灭了。 温馨提示：when只能放在前一个分句后；句子谓语动词只能用过去式。 3）when表示虽然，尽管的含义，相当于although或since。 He walks when he might take a taxi. 尽管可以乘出租车，但他还是步行。 Why do you want to change a new one when you have got a well-paid job? 既然你已经有了个高工资的工作，为什么还要换一个新的呢？ 温馨提示：when表此意时，只能位于句中。 2.while  1）while通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用延续性动词作谓语。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。  2）while有时可以作并列连词，表示对比， 可译成“而”。  I am fond of English while he likes maths.  我喜欢英语，而他却喜欢数学。 We slept while the captain kept watch.  我们睡觉，而上尉担任警戒。 3）while有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是虽然。 While they love their children, they are strict with them. 虽然他们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格。 3. as  1）as表示当……时，相当于when。  The thief was caught as/ when he was stealing in the supermarket. 小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。 2）as表示 一边……一边……，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。 He looked behind from time to time as he went. 他一边走，一边不时地往后看。 3）as表示随着 As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。 4.before 表示在一段时间之前。例如： You must first learn to walk before you try to run. 在想要跑以前，你得先学会走。 常见句型： 1）It will be/was＋一段时间＋before…“还要过多久才……” It will be two years before he leaves the country. 2）It was not＋一段时间＋before…“不多久就……” It wasn’t two years before he left the country. 注意：  before 还可表示还没来得及……就…… He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。 Take it down before you forget it. 趁着还没忘记的时候就把它记录下来。 5.since  1）since自……以来。表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。主句中通常为延续性动词的现在完成式，since从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去式。 It has been just a week since we arrived here. 我们到这儿刚刚一星期。 Where have you been since I last saw you？ 自上次我见过你之后，你去了哪里？ Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps. 她自年轻时起就一直集邮。 2）经典句型： It is /has been… since… It is/has been two years since he was a college student. 他大学毕业已有两年了。 6.as soon as  as soon as...可译为一……就……，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。  He will come and see you as soon as he can. 他一有空就来看你。 He rushed home as soon as he got the good news. 他一得到这个好消息就奔回家。 一……就……的表达有 immediately, instantly, directly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, hardly…when, no sooner…than等 条件状语从句 条件状语从句常见连词：if； unless；as/ so long as只要； provided/ providing，suppose/supposing倘若/假使； in case如果/免得/以防；on condition that条件是；only if只要，只有等。例如： 1. I’ll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow. 如果明天我有空，我将帮助你学习英语。 2. He won’t be late unless he is ill. 他不会迟到，除非他病了。 3. In case he comes, let me know. 如果他来的话, 告诉我一声。 4. Be quiet in case you wake the baby. 轻点儿, 别吵醒婴儿。 5. They will lend us the car on condition that we return it before the weekend. 他们将借给我们车，条件是我们在周末前还。 6. Only if the teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the classroom. 学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。 让步状语从句 让步状语从句的连词有though/ although/ as尽管；even if/ even though即使；while虽然，尽管；no matter how (what，when，which，who，where)； however (whatever，whenever，whichever，whoever，wherever 无论……。 although与though可互换，都可以与yet，still或 nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。 Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.（错） Though it was raining hard, he still went out.（正） It was raining hard, but he still went out.（正） 1）as引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，从句的表语、状 语等成分要提到主语前面，构成倒装；though从句放在 主句之首，从句可用倒装语序，也可用正常语序。 Dark as/ though the night was，he still found his way to my home. Though the night was dark，he still found his way to my home. 2）while也可引导让步状语从句，一般位于句首。 While I am willing to help, I don’t have much time available. 原因状语从句 1.because 表示直接的、必然的原因，不能与so连用。常用来回答why所提的问题。在强调句型中，若强调原因，只能用because，即It is because… that…；而for表示推理性的补充说明的原因，不能放在句首。 2.since 表示众所周知的原因，“既然”，常放在句首。 3.as 表示客观原因，“由于”，常放在句首。 4. now that 通常表示用新出现的情况作为原因，“既然” 。 5. when意为“既然……”(有轻微的责备口吻) 。 6.in that­从句，意为“原因是……；因为……” 。 地点状语从句 where, wherever where 在……地方 Put the medicine where you can easily get it. wherever 无论哪里 He follows her wherever she goes. 目的状语从句 that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest (so) that 以便, 从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如can, could, may, might, should等。 Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly. in order that 为了, 与so that 相同，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如can, could, may, might, should等。 School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm. for fear that 生怕; 为了防止(某事发生) He took the name down for fear that he should forget it. lest 以防万一 The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him. 结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的连词有that，so that，so...that...，such...that...。 在非正式语体中，由so...that...，such...that...引导的句子中that可以省略。 so that 因而，以便，为了, 有时so 可以省去 Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you. so… that… 太……以至于……，so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用that。 The flight scheduled so early that nobody wanted to look on it. such …that… 太……以至于，用法与so…that…相同，但such 后面应用名词。 The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him. 比较状语从句 比较状语从句，常用as…as…；not so (as)…as…； …than…；the more… the more...等。 If you don’t want to miss the flight, you need to be at the airport as early as possible. The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be. The more he listened to that song, the less he enjoyed it. 方式状语从句 方式状语从句常用as, as if, as though等 Do in Rome as the Romans do. She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone. 注意：由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气。 状语从句注意事项 1.状语从句的时态 时间和条件状语从句一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”。 If the weather is terrible next week, we’ll put off the summer camp. 2.状语从句的省略 在时间、条件、方式和让步状语从句中，如果同时具备下列两个条件: ①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；②从句中有系动词be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。 When (the museum is) completed, the museum will be open to the public. He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is) possible. 【考题链接】 1. I don’t believe we’ve met before, ______I must say you do look familiar. A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless 【解析】选B。考查连词和状语从句。句意:我认为我们以前没见过面,尽管我必须承认你看起来确实很面熟。therefore因此;although虽然,尽管;since自从,既然;unless除非。根据句意可知,前后之间是转折关系,所以选B。 2. He smiled politely______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as B. if C. unless D. though 【解析】选A。考查时间状语从句和连词。句意:当玛丽为她醉酒的朋友们向他道歉时,他礼貌地微笑着。as“当……时候”,引导时间状语从句,符合句意;if“如果”,引导条件状语从句;unless“除非”,引导条件状语从句,相当于if...not; though“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句。根据句意可知选A。 专题训练 1. ______environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover. A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once 2. ______ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball. A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While 【课堂训练】 3. This is an illness that can result in total blindness ______ left untreated. A. after　 B. if C. since　 D. unless 4. ______ the Internet is of great help，I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. If B. While C. Because D. As 5.—Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you. —OK, ______ you make it short. A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time 被动语态 现在进行时的被动语态； 现在完成时的被动语态。 上外版必修一 Unit 4 Customs and Traditions 现在进行时的被动语态 Look at the following sentences and pay attention to the underlined part. My house is being painted now. 我的房屋正在被粉刷。 2. The project is being discussed at the meeting. 这个方案在会议上正被讨论着。 3. A railway is being built in our hometown. 我们的家乡正在建一条铁路中。 4. Many interesting experiences are being carried out these days. 如今许多有趣的实验正在被进行着。 5. He is always being praised by the teacher. 他总是受到老师的表扬。 Observation and thinking 品味语法 is being painted is being discussed is being built are being carried out is always being praised 自我探究：1.以上例句用了________________________, 其构成为：___________________________. 现在进行时态的被动语态 am/is/ are+being+done 自我探究: 1.以上例句用了_______________________, 其构成为：___________________________. 2. 定义:表示说话时或现阶段_________的____ 动作,强调主语是动作的_______. 3. 用法: 现在进行时态的被动语态 am/is/ are+being+done 正在进行 被动 承受者 1.表示现在正在进行的被动动作。 2.表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但此时 此刻动作不一定正在发生。 3. 表示经常性的被动行为，常与______, ________________等连用。 always often, constantly 1 Pick out more sentences using the Present Progressive Passive Voice, and then translate them into Chinese. Discovering useful structure 1.We’re being killed for the wood beneath our stomachs. 为了取得我们肚皮底下的羊毛，我们正在被屠杀。 2.Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you. 我们的毛被用来为像你一样的人们制作毛衣。 3. I wonder what is being done to help you. 我想知道为了帮助你们正在采取什么措施。 4. So good things are being done here to save local wildlife. 为了拯救当地的野生动物，他们也在做一些好事。 Practice --Can I use _________________ ? -- Sorry, but _______________________________. Practice 1. telephone– repair—some workers 2. bike --- repair ---my father 3. computer--- use--Tom 4. TV----watch --my family your telephone it is being repaired by some workers. your bike it is being repaired by my father. your computer it is being used by Tom. your TV it is being watched by my family. 现在进行时被动语态的形式： 1. 肯定形式：__________________________________ 2.否定形式：______________________________ ____________________________________________ 3.一般疑问式：_______________________________ ___________________________________________ 4.特殊疑问式： _______________________________ ___________________________________________ The meeting is being held in our school. 主语+am/is/are＋being＋done The meeting is not being held in our school. 主语+ am/is/are+not＋being＋done (在am/is/are后加not.) Is the meeting being held in our school? Am/Is/Are＋主语＋being＋done？ Where is the meeting being held?会议正在哪里召开？ 特殊疑问词+is/are+主语+being+ done…？ I. Fill in the blanket with the verbs in brackets. 1. It is reported that many a new house ____ ________ (build) at present in the disaster area. 2. –Have you got your examination results? -No. the papers _____________(correct). 3. -Have you moved into the new house? -Not yet. The rooms ___________(paint). 4.The new machine ___________(test). So you can’t take it away right now. 5. Mum, you _________(want) on the phone. Come here. Practice makes perfect is being built are being corrected are being painted is being tested are wanted 温馨提示：一些表示“状态、心理活动、拥有、存在”等的动词, 一般不用现在进行时的被动语态。而用一般现在时被动语态。 II. Change the following sentences into The Present Progressive Passive Voice. 1. They are producing this new drug. 2. An antelope is looking at her. 3. They are killing us for the wool. 4. They are destroying the farm. 5. The police is questioning him. Practice makes perfect →This new drug is being produced by them. →She is being looked at by an antelope. →We are being killed for the wool by them. →The farm is being destroyed by them. →He is being questioned by the police. III. 完成下面的句子。 1. The news ___________________ (被讨论) about everywhere. 2. A lot of tall buildings ___________ (建立), and people will move in next year. 3. Most of the streets in the city has been widened and many new buildings _____________. (重建) 4. The city _________________________ （袭击）at the moment. 5. What should you do while you ________ _______（跟踪）by a stranger? is being talked/discussed are being set up are being rebuilt is being attacked/ is under attack are being followed Practice makes perfect 1) Look. The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 2) Children are taken good care of at school. 3)The report is being written by one of the best students. 4)The report is well written. 温馨提示: (现在进行时被动语态) (一般现在时被动语态) (现在进行时被动语态) (系表结构) 1.注意不可遗漏________, 如果把______漏掉， 就成为_____________________或_________。 “being” being 一般现在时的被动语态 系表结构 1)The wildlife here is under protection. The wildlife here __ ____ _______. 2) The problem is under discussion at the meeting.问题正在会议上讨论。 The problem __ ____ _______ at the meeting. 3) The telephone is in use now.电话正在使用中。 The telephone __ ____ ____ now. is being protected is being discussed is being used 温馨提示: 2. ______________________结构可表示 现在进行时的被动语态的含义。 “be +under/in等介词+名词” 1. I’m afraid that the road to Wolong Nature Reserve is being repaired. 2. How much money we should spend on endangered tigers is being discussed. 3. The side effects of the new drug are being researched. 4. The request to buy a video for each classroom is being considered. 5. The project to make a new home for pandas is being developed. 2.“be +under/in+名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。 常用的这种结构有： under attack 正在被攻击 under consideration 正在被考虑 under construction 正在被建设 under discussion 正在被讨论 under examination 正在被检查 under protection 正在被保护 under repair正在被修理 under review正在被审查 under study正在被研究 IV.Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 婴儿正在被悉心照料着。 2. 现在我们的学校正在建一栋新的教学楼。 3. 目前我们的环境正受到严重的破坏。 4. 如果你被陌生人跟踪，你会做什么。 5.(人们) 正在采取什么措施来保护大熊猫的生命。 Practice makes perfect The baby is being taken good care of. Another new teaching building is being built in our school. At present, our environment is being destroyed seriously. What would you do if you are being followed by a stranger. What is being done to protect the life of pandas. 专题训练 目前我们的环境正受到严重的破坏。很多树木被砍伐；河流受污染；野生动物被猎杀。幸运的是。越来越多的人意识到这种错误。政府也正在采取措施阻止这种情况的发生。 At present, our environment is being destroyed. Many trees are being cut down. Rivers are being polluted by factories. Wild animals are being killed. Luckily, this situation is being realized by more and more people. And some Measures are being taken to protect this situation from arising. 现在完成时态的被动语态 64 64 65 65 66 66 三、现在完成时态的被动语态的用法: 1. 现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样, 强调 过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 通常与 already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。 *The room has already been cleaned. 房间已经被清扫干净了。(意为“已不用清扫办公室 了”) 2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可能持续下去, 常与for或since等引导的时间状语连用, 或用于How long. . . ? 句型中。 *The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已修了两小时了。 (1)The watch ___just _____ _______ ____ ________. 这只手表刚刚被清理和修理过。 (2)_____ the letters _____ ______? 信已经寄出去了吗? (3)_____ ____ _____ the machine _____ ________? 这个机器被修了多长时间了? has been cleaned and repaired Have been posted How long have been repaired 【即学活用1】 【即学活用2】 (1)The experiment ___ _____ _____successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。 (2)The books _____ ___ _____ _________by the students. 那些书还没有被学生们借走。 has been done have not been borrowed 专题训练 Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive. Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting – in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire! . Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting – in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire! Many things have already been affected by it in our lives. 3D-printed hamburgers have been served to customers by some restaurants in London. But perhaps the most significant success that has been achieved by people to date is in medicine. Human body parts, including a beating heart have been made with 3D printing technology. A new 3D-printed shell has been given to a turtle in a forest fire! If we go on polluting the environment No matter what I do so that he got high grades in the exams Ⅰ.根据提示用状语从句补全句子 1．如果我们继续污染环境，地球将不再适合我们居住。(if) , the earth won’t be fit for us to live in. 2．无论我做什么，我都会尽全力做好。 (no matter what) , I will try my best to do it well. 3．他努力学习功课，结果考试取得了好成绩。 (so that) He worked hard at his lessons, . As long as we have a strong will Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important Now that you have got a job 4．只要我们有强大的信念，就能够克服任何困难。(as long as) , we’ll be able to get over any difficulty. 5．尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。 (though/although/while) , it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. 6．既然你找到了一份工作，你应该学会独立不依靠父母。 (now that) , you should learn to be independent of your parents. 现在完成时的被动语态 现在完成时是过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成，对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去。have/has been done是现在完成时的被动语态结构，主要用来表达动作已经被做，已经被完成，或者尚未被完成。 一、掌握现在完成时被动语态的构成 现在完成时被动语态的结构为has/have been done，使用has been done时主语为单数，使用have been done时主语为复数。如： This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书已被译为多种语言。 His bikes have been sold out. 他的自行车已经卖完了。 二、理解现在完成时被动语态的概念 现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作，它有两层意思： (1)动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果： (2)主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。如： Our classroom has been cleaned，you needn't clean it now. 我们的教室已经被打扫过，你现在没必要再打扫了。 These flowers have been watered，you can go home. 这些花已经被浇水了，你可以回家了。 $$