精品解析：内蒙古兴安盟科尔沁右翼前旗第二中学2024-2025学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题

前旗二中2024年高二上学期英语第一次月考试题 （考试时间：120分钟；试卷总分：150分） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1,5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What is the man going to do during the summer vacation? A.Go camping. B.Visit his parents. C.Visit his friends in London. 2.What does the woman think of Helen? A.Quiet. B.Sociable. C.Talkative. 3.What does the man suggest? A.Repairing the laptop. B.Buying a new laptop. C.Using the laptop less. 4.What does the woman think of the wine? A.It’s a bit expensive. B.It’s not her cup of tea. C.It’s tasty and cheap. 5.What will the man keep? A.A hat. B.A shirt. C.A suit. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6.Why does the man call the woman? A.To remind her of the letter about a trip. B.To invite her parents to a trip. C.To ask her to hand in the report tomorrow. 7.When does the conversation take place? A.On Sunday. B.On Friday. C.On Wednesday. 听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。 8.When did David come back last night? A.At 6:00 pm. B.At 7:00 pm. C.At 8:30 pm. 9.Why did David go out last night? A.To have some discussions. B.To read in a library. C.To watch a movie. 听第8段材料,回答第10至13题。 10.Where will the man work? A.In Alaska. B.In Washington. C.In Utah. 11What will the man do as a volunteer? A.Protect sea animals. B.Protect desert creatures. C.Teach in a primary school. 12.How many times has the woman volunteered? A.Once. B.Twice. C.Three times. 13.When will the man have a vacation? A.In June. B.In October. C.In December. 听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。 14.What do we know about the man? AHe has been to New York. B.He has lost his job. C.He is on business. 15.Who is Nicole? A.The man’s boss. B.The man’s friend. C.The man’s wife. 16.Why was the man eager to see the woman? A.To make a suggestion. B.To tell a long story. C.To turn to her. 17.What will the man do next? A.Hunt for a job on the Internet. B.Work at the coffee shop. C.Go back home and explain. 听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。 18.Who is the speaker talking to? A.Shop customers. B.Cafe employees. C.House agents. 19.Why does the speaker give the talk? A.To tell the listeners the move of the cafe. B.To announce the opening of a new shop. C.To apologize for the wrong decisions. 20.When is a new place expected to be found? A.By September. B.By November. C.By December. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A It is that time of the year when a handful of world’s leading scholars, social activists and researchers are rewarded with what is often cited as the most prestigious acknowledgement of human effort-the Nobel Prize. Here’s a look at who has won the prize and for what. Physiology or Medicine Swedish geneticist Svante Peabo won the first Nobel of the year, for starting the field of ancient DNA studies. He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones. Physics Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger’s work in quantum (量子) technology landed them the second Nobel Prize announced in 2022. Although Aspect is from France, Clauser from the U.S, and Zeilinger from Austria, the three separately performed “groundbreaking experiments” as one team. “Their results have cleared the way for new technology,” the committee stated. Chemistry The Nobel Prize for chemistry went to another trio, Carolyn R. Bertozzi from the U.S., Morten Meldal from Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless from the U.S. “for the development of click chemistry and biorthogonal chemistry,” the committee stated. Dr. Bertozzi is the eighth woman chemist to be awarded the prize, while Dr. Sharpless is the fifth scientist to be awarded two Nobel Prizes. Economics The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday. By studying the history of American economics, particularly the Great Depression of the 1930s,they improved how we understand the role of banks during times of hardship and the bank’s impact on societal functions. 1. What prize is related to the research with bones? A. Physiology. B. Chemistry. C. Physics. D. Economics. 2. For what study did Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig win the prize? A. About societal functions. B. About the history of America. C. About banks and financial crises. D. About the Great Depression of the 1930s. 3. What do the prizes for physics, chemistry and economics have in common? A. Their winners are from different countries. B. They have three winners. C. They improve new technology. D. They help people understand hardship. B At 1:43 a. m, Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a Nobel committee representative who, revealing the momentous news, told her, “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your life changes.” Instructed not to share the announcement outside of her tightest inner circle, the first person Bertozzi called was her father, William Bertozzi, a retired physics professor from MIT. “He’s 91 and, of course, he was just overjoyed,” said Bertozzi. “And then he called my sisters for me. One of my sisters and my dad watched it live.” Bertozzi was recognized for founding the field of bioorthogonal chemistry (生物正交化学), a set of chemical reactions that allow researchers to study molecules (分子) and their interactions in living things without involving natural biological processes, Bertozzi’s lab has been using the new methods to answer fundamental questions about the role of sugars in biology, to solve practical problems, such as developing better tests for infectious diseases, and to create a new medicine that can better target tumors (肿瘤). “I could not be more delighted that Bertozzi has won the Nobel Prize in chemistry,” said Stanford President Marc Tessier-Lavigne. “In pioneering the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, Bertozzi invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes, one that has helped scientists around the world gain deeper understanding of chemical reactions in living systems. Being a crown jewel in chemistry, her work has had remarkable real-world impact. The research achievements have been used to study how cells build proteins and other molecules, to develop new cancermedicines, and to produce new materials for energy storage, among many other applications.” “They call and I’m not even awake ... have hundreds of voicemails. This is how it’s going to be all day. This is crazy,” she said. Pausing between interviews about two hours later to check her messages, Bertozzi said, “My family is already booking their flights to Stockholm. It’s amazing. Go back to sleep!” 4. Why was a call made to Bertozzi at midnight? A. To warn her of some emergency. B. To inform her of winning the prize. C. To make preparations for a meeting. D. To collect things to visit her relatives. 5. What does Bertozzi’s lab use the new methods to do? A. Develop a new drug for cancer. B. Produce more nutritious sugars. C. Separate biology from chemistry. D. Find cures for infectious diseases. 6. What does the underlined part “a crown jewel” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. The king’s treasure. B. The universal focus. C. The most complex part. D. The most valuable breakthrough. 7. What kind of person is Bertozzi? A. Courageous and quiet. B. Helpful and generous. C. Wild and hard-working. D. Pioneering and Creative. C In the future, the Internet will be different from what it is now. There will be many more websites. It is predicted that in the year 2100, there will be hundreds of billions of websites. This means that the use of search engines will become much more important. And there will also be many more sites in different languages. This means that on every proper website, there will be links with the language you want. Another prediction on the Internet is that data transmission (传输) speed will increase globally. According to Akamai Technologies, the average global data transmission speed in late 2019 was 26.7 megabits per second. Compare that to the record for data transmission speed set by Bell Labs: 100 billion megabits per second. At that speed, you could transmit 400 DVDs worth of data every second. That’s an enormous gap between what’s currently possible and what’s commercially available. But as time passes, the costs of producing super-high-speed networks will decrease. In the future, people will live under the sea and the housing shortage will be solved. There will be lots of glass domes (穹状建筑物)under the sea, which allow people to look all around into the sea. Air will be provided via air pipes which lead to the open air. You can travel from one dome to another via a kind of submarine which will also be made of glass. The domes will be so beautiful and the view under the sea will be so impressive that many people will prefer to live under water, and less people will prefer to live on land. This will have a positive effect on the environment on land. In the future we won’t use oil or gas as energy any more. We will make use of sunlight, water and wind. Cars will run on water. Just fill your tank with water, and you can drive further than you could drive with the same amount of gasoline. Also, the exhaust won’t be damaging to the environment, because it’ll just be water vapour. So the water cycle won’t change, we’ll keep the same amount of water on the earth, and we won’t run out of water. Also, all energy will be supplied by natural sources: sunlight, wind and water. 8. What can we know about the Internet in the future from the first two paragraphs? A. It will be more important to use search engines. B. Most of the websites will be designed in English. C. People not knowing a foreign language will find it hard to surf the Internet. D. There will be great gaps between developed countries and developing countries in Internet usage. 9. Why are super-high-speed networks not available to the public at present? A. Because the costs are too high. B. Because there are technical difficulties. C. Because Bell Labs doesn’t want to sell its technique. D. Because governments haven’t recognised their value. 10. The underlined word “exhaust” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to “ . A. oil product B. waste air C. solar energy D. wind energy 11. What can we infer from the text? A. The Internet is the most advanced invention in history. B. Water will run out sooner than we have expected. C. Houses under the sea will be made from metal. D. Sunlight, wind and water will benefit people more in the future. D In order to help discover spoilage and reduce food waste for supermarkets and consumers, researchers have developed new low-cost, smart phone-linked, eco-friendly spoilage sensors for meat and fish packaging. One in three UK consumers throw away food just because it reaches the use-by date, but 60% of the £12.5 billion-worth of food we throw away each year is safe to eat. The researchers, whose findings were published in ACS Sensors, say the sensors could also eventually replace the use-by date—a widely used indicator of being fresh and eatable. The sensors cost two US cents each to make. Known as “paper-based electrical gas sensors (PEGS)”, they detect spoilage gases like ammonia (a poisonous gas with a strong unpleasant smell) in meat and fish products. The information provided by the electronic nose is received by a smart phone, and then you can know whether the food is fresh and safe to eat. The Imperial College London researchers who developed PEGS made the sensors by printing carbon electrodes onto a special type of paper. The materials are eco-friendly and harmless so they don’t damage the environment and are safe to use in food packaging. The sensors, combined with a tiny electronic system, then inform nearby mobile devices, which identify and understand the data about spoilage gases. Lead author Dr Firat Guder of Imperial’s Department of Bioengineering, said, “Although they’re designed to keep us safe, use-by dates can lead to eatable food being thrown away. They don’t always reflect its actual freshness. In fact, people often get sick from food-borne diseases due to poor storage, even when an item is within its use-by date.” “These sensors are cheap enough so we hope to see supermarkets using them within three years. Our goal is to use PEGS in food packaging to reduce unnecessary food waste.” The authors hope that PEGS could have applications beyond food processing, like sensing chemicals in agriculture, air quality, and detecting disease markers in breath like those involved in kidney disease. 12. What is the function of PEGS according to the text? A. To improve the taste of foods. B. To improve the service of stores. C. To help supermarkets store foods. D. To help people test food freshness. 13. What role does the smartphone play while PEGS are functioning? A. It acts as an electronic nose. B. It reads the data collected by PEGS. C. It helps print the gas sensors onto paper. D. It discovers the spoilage gases from foods. 14. What does Dr. Firat Guder say about use-by dates? A They are not completely reliable. B. They can help reduce food waste. C. They are based on scientific research. D. They are not accepted by the consumers. 15. What does the author mainly talk about in the text? A. The process of researching spoilage sensors. B. A new technology in packaging to reduce food waste. C. The application of spoilage sensors beyond food processing. D. The influence of use-by dates on supermarkets and consumers. 第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to focus on today and do your best If you want to be successful, then you must appreciate the importance of living in the present. ____16____ Here are some tips to motivate you to make the most of the present. Be grateful for the little things. Start a gratitude journal. ____17____ Take time to appreciate the things going well in your everyday life, the things you are thankful for, or the things you accept as normal without thinking about them. Train yourself to do one thing at a time. Don’t work on too many projects no matter how big your ambitions (抱负) are. ____18____ Take it one day at a time, and soon you’ll be surprised at how much you’ve managed to accomplish. ____19____ Remind yourself of where you are by asking yourself, “Is this what I should be doing right now? ” “Am I feeling happy doing this at present? ” “What is the one thing I can do to make today count?” Know your own character well and listen to your feelings. Schedule some “me time” and make the most of it. Make some time out of your busy schedule to follow a creative hobby, enjoy the beauty of nature or simply some pop culture entertainment. ____20____ John Lennon once said, “Life is what’s happening while we’re busy making.” Practise keeping your attention on the here and now. The present moment is where you are always! A. Finish one task at a time. B. Find the good in every situation. C. Start to do what you enjoy doing. D. Ask yourself questions to be in the present. E. Believe in what you are really feeling at present. F. Always remember that the best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. G. Not only will it help you to relax, but it will also aid you in focusing better on your tasks. 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节， 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___21___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular ___22___ of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___23___ explosive (爆炸物). After years of ___24___, in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He ___25___ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper ___26___ published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was ___27___ to find out his public image. Then newspaper strongly ___28___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___29___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) ____30____. He spent his lifetime alone ____31____ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will. so as to ____32____ his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ____33____, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ____34____ to mankind in physics, chemistry,physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel ____35____ 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 21. A. .remembering B. honouring C. crediting D. negating 22. A. nature B. .conduct C. flavour D. benefit 23. A. deadly B. bitter C. usable. D. mild 24. A. innovations B. efforts C. hesitation D. association 25. A. brought up B. put up C. broke up D. built up 26. A. mistakenly B. purposefully C. unintentionally D. scientifically 27. A. satisfied B. relieved C. impressed D. disappointed 28. A. praised B. blamed C. appreciated D. favoured 29. A. greedy B. essential C. rich D. sufficient 30. A. error B. warning C. threat D. consequence 31. A. destroying B. inventing C. combining D. stimulating 32. A. improve B. establish C. illustrate D. secure 33. A. request B. illustration C. will D. fortune 34. A. choices B. decisions C. profits D. contributions 35. A. gave away B. gave back C. gave off D. gave out 第二节: 语法填空。 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 语法填空 Tu Youyou is universally acknowledged as a scientist of great ____36____ (achieve). Born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, Tu Youyou graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967, she was chosen into a research team ____37____ was formed by the government with the aim of discovering a new treatment____38____ malaria and two years later she became the head of the project in Beijing. She and her teammates examined over 2,000 old medical texts, ____39____ (evaluate) 280,000 plants for their medical properties, and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. As a____40____ (commit) and patient scientist, she never acknowledged defeat whatever difficulty she met. After failing to draw out useful extract by____41____ (boil)the sweet wormwood, she began even ____42____ (careful) thinking and research work. She drew ____43____ conclusion that boiling the sweet wormwood destroyed ____44____ (it) medical properties. So she used a lower temperature____45____ (draw) out the extract and finally she succeeded. 第四部分 写作 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分） 46. 互联网已经成为现代人工作和生活中必不可少的通信工具，在人们的生活中起着重要的作用，但它也有一些负面影响。请就互联网的利与弊发表你的见解，并阐述你的理由。内容包括： 好处 提供大量的信息，促进人际交流； 网上购物便捷 弊端 损害眼睛；长时间上网影响工作和休息； 网瘾影响学生的学习 你的观点 …… 注意：1.词数100词左右。 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 读后续写 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Dad and Mom had got to go on a four-day business trip. They taught their elder son Daniel and younger daughter Jane how to feed and look after their dog, Spot, how to take good care of themselves—learning to cook if they could, or ordering pizza—with money left on the table—if they were busy, and told them to keep their rooms clean and tidy. They asked Daniel to be in charge. On the very morning when the parents left, Mom kissed them and said to Daniel gently, “Young man, do take care of Spot and Jane.” Daniel promised, “I will, Mom.” Too excited to fall asleep again, Daniel and Jane jumped out of bed, calling out each other to get up. Their pet dog, Spot, heard the similar voice and rushed in, with a ball in its mouth. Jane stuck(伸) her head into Daniel’s room,“Spot got up an hour earlier. Let’s walk it.” Daniel said excitedly, “I’m coming, but, Jane, don’t forget to keep your room clean and tidy.” “I will.” They ran with the dog in the yard and threw the ball away for Spot to bring it back. They had fun playing with Spot the whole morning. Washing Spot was slow and tiring as it was the first time they had done it. Then Daniel settled down to his homework while Jane did her reading with interest. The following day, Jane begged her brother to order pizza for lunch. Daniel agreed excitedly, “We haven’t tasted that for long and we behave ourselves, right?”After a while, he added, “We should save money, too.” Within half an hour, they treated themselves to a big pizza. However, in the afternoon, Spot looked sick, lying lazily and unwilling to move. Daniel was concerned about the dog and took it to the pet clinic immediately with Jane as their parents had done. 注意：(1)续写词数应为150左右； (2)请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1： When Dad and Mom arrived a day earlier, they were amazed to find everything in a mess. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2： Daniel ran into his room, with tears in his eyes,“ Jane, there is no need to explain and Mom won’t trust me any longer.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 前旗二中2024年高二上学期英语第一次月考试题 （考试时间：120分钟；试卷总分：150分） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1,5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What is the man going to do during the summer vacation? A.Go camping. B.Visit his parents. C.Visit his friends in London. 2.What does the woman think of Helen? A.Quiet. B.Sociable. C.Talkative. 3.What does the man suggest? A.Repairing the laptop. B.Buying a new laptop. C.Using the laptop less. 4.What does the woman think of the wine? A.It’s a bit expensive. B.It’s not her cup of tea. C.It’s tasty and cheap. 5.What will the man keep? A.A hat. B.A shirt. C.A suit. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6.Why does the man call the woman? A.To remind her of the letter about a trip. B.To invite her parents to a trip. C.To ask her to hand in the report tomorrow. 7.When does the conversation take place? A.On Sunday. B.On Friday. C.On Wednesday. 听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。 8.When did David come back last night? A.At 6:00 pm. B.At 7:00 pm. C.At 8:30 pm. 9.Why did David go out last night? A.To have some discussions. B.To read in a library. C.To watch a movie. 听第8段材料,回答第10至13题。 10.Where will the man work? A.In Alaska. B.In Washington. C.In Utah. 11.What will the man do as a volunteer? A.Protect sea animals. B.Protect desert creatures. C.Teach in a primary school. 12.How many times has the woman volunteered? A.Once. B.Twice. C.Three times. 13.When will the man have a vacation? A.In June. B.In October. C.In December. 听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。 14.What do we know about the man? A.He has been to New York. B.He has lost his job. C.He is on business. 15.Who is Nicole? A.The man’s boss. B.The man’s friend. C.The man’s wife. 16.Why was the man eager to see the woman? A.To make a suggestion. B.To tell a long story. C.To turn to her. 17.What will the man do next? A.Hunt for a job on the Internet. B.Work at the coffee shop. C.Go back home and explain. 听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。 18.Who is the speaker talking to? A.Shop customers. B.Cafe employees. C.House agents. 19.Why does the speaker give the talk? A.To tell the listeners the move of the cafe. B.To announce the opening of a new shop. C.To apologize for the wrong decisions. 20.When is a new place expected to be found? A.By September. B.By November. C.By December. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A It is that time of the year, when a handful of world’s leading scholars, social activists and researchers are rewarded with what is often cited as the most prestigious acknowledgement of human effort-the Nobel Prize. Here’s a look at who has won the prize and for what. Physiology or Medicine Swedish geneticist Svante Peabo won the first Nobel of the year, for starting the field of ancient DNA studies. He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones. Physics Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger’s work in quantum (量子) technology landed them the second Nobel Prize announced in 2022. Although Aspect is from France, Clauser from the U.S, and Zeilinger from Austria, the three separately performed “groundbreaking experiments” as one team. “Their results have cleared the way for new technology,” the committee stated. Chemistry The Nobel Prize for chemistry went to another trio, Carolyn R. Bertozzi from the U.S., Morten Meldal from Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless from the U.S. “for the development of click chemistry and biorthogonal chemistry,” the committee stated. Dr. Bertozzi is the eighth woman chemist to be awarded the prize, while Dr. Sharpless is the fifth scientist to be awarded two Nobel Prizes. Economics The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday. By studying the history of American economics, particularly the Great Depression of the 1930s,they improved how we understand the role of banks during times of hardship and the bank’s impact on societal functions. 1. What prize is related to the research with bones? A. Physiology. B. Chemistry. C. Physics. D. Economics. 2. For what study did Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig win the prize? A. About societal functions. B. About the history of America. C. About banks and financial crises. D. About the Great Depression of the 1930s. 3. What do the prizes for physics, chemistry and economics have in common? A. Their winners are from different countries. B. They have three winners. C. They improve new technology. D. They help people understand hardship. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四项诺贝尔奖的获得情况。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones.(他以从尼安德特人的骨头中提取、测序和分析古代DNA而闻名)”可知，生理学奖项与骨骼研究有关。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday.(诺贝尔奖委员会周一宣布，经济科学奖授予了三名美国经济学家， Ben S. Bernanke、Douglas W. Diamond和Philip H. Dybvig，以表彰他们“对银行和金融危机的研究”)”可知，Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond和Philip H. Dybvig凭关于银行和金融危机研究获奖。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger’s work in quantum (量子) technology landed them the second Nobel Prize announced in 2022.( Alain Aspect、John F. Clauser和Anton Zeilinger在量子技术方面的工作使他们在2022年获得了第二个诺贝尔奖)”；第四段中“The Nobel Prize for chemistry went to another trio, Carolyn R. Bertozzi from the U.S., Morten Meldal from Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless from the U.S. “for the development of click chemistry and biorthogonal chemistry,” the committee stated. (诺贝尔化学奖授予了另一个三人组，来自美国的Carolyn R. Bertozzi、来自丹麦的Morten Meldal和来自美国的K. Barry Sharpless，他们“因发展了咔嗒化学和双正交化学”，委员会说)”以及最后一段中“The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday.(诺贝尔奖委员会周一宣布，经济科学奖授予了三名美国经济学家， Ben S. Bernanke、Douglas W. Diamond和Philip H. Dybvig，以表彰他们“对银行和金融危机的研究”)”可知，物理学奖、化学奖和经济学奖的共同之处是有三个获奖者。故选B。 B At 1:43 a. m, Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a Nobel committee representative who, revealing the momentous news, told her, “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your life changes.” Instructed not to share the announcement outside of her tightest inner circle, the first person Bertozzi called was her father, William Bertozzi, a retired physics professor from MIT. “He’s 91 and, of course, he was just overjoyed,” said Bertozzi. “And then he called my sisters for me. One of my sisters and my dad watched it live.” Bertozzi was recognized for founding the field of bioorthogonal chemistry (生物正交化学), a set of chemical reactions that allow researchers to study molecules (分子) and their interactions in living things without involving natural biological processes, Bertozzi’s lab has been using the new methods to answer fundamental questions about the role of sugars in biology, to solve practical problems, such as developing better tests for infectious diseases, and to create a new medicine that can better target tumors (肿瘤). “I could not be more delighted that Bertozzi has won the Nobel Prize in chemistry,” said Stanford President Marc Tessier-Lavigne. “In pioneering the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, Bertozzi invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes, one that has helped scientists around the world gain deeper understanding of chemical reactions in living systems. Being a crown jewel in chemistry, her work has had remarkable real-world impact. The research achievements have been used to study how cells build proteins and other molecules, to develop new cancermedicines, and to produce new materials for energy storage, among many other applications.” “They call and I’m not even awake ... have hundreds of voicemails. This is how it’s going to be all day. This is crazy,” she said. Pausing between interviews about two hours later to check her messages, Bertozzi said, “My family is already booking their flights to Stockholm. It’s amazing. Go back to sleep!” 4. Why was a call made to Bertozzi at midnight? A. To warn her of some emergency. B. To inform her of winning the prize. C. To make preparations for a meeting. D. To collect things to visit her relatives. 5. What does Bertozzi’s lab use the new methods to do? A. Develop a new drug for cancer. B. Produce more nutritious sugars. C. Separate biology from chemistry. D. Find cures for infectious diseases. 6. What does the underlined part “a crown jewel” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. The king’s treasure. B. The universal focus. C. The most complex part. D. The most valuable breakthrough. 7. What kind of person is Bertozzi? A Courageous and quiet. B. Helpful and generous. C. Wild and hard-working. D. Pioneering and Creative. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。凌晨Bertozzi接到电话被告知获得了诺贝尔奖，文中介绍了她研究的内容，斯坦福大学校长对她的评价以及她接受采访时的情景。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“At 1:43 a. m, Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a Nobel committee representative who, revealing the momentous news, told her, “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your life changes.”(凌晨1点43分，Bertozzi被诺贝尔委员会代表的电话吵醒，电话告诉她这一重大消息，并告诉她：“你有50分钟的时间镇定下来，等待你的生活发生改变。”)”可知，这个电话通知Bertozzi获奖了。故选B。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Bertozzi’s lab has been using the new methods to answer fundamental questions about the role of sugars in biology, to solve practical problems, such as developing better tests for infectious diseases, and to create a new medicine that can better target tumors (肿瘤).(Bertozzi的实验室一直在使用新方法来回答关于糖在生物学中作用的基本问题，解决实际问题，如开发更好的传染病检测方法，以及创造一种可以更好地靶向肿瘤的新药。)”可知，Bertozzi的实验室运用这些新方法来开发一种治疗癌症的新药。故选A。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“The research achievements have been used to study how cells build proteins and other molecules, to develop new cancermedicines, and to produce new materials for energy storage, among many other applications.(这些研究成果已被用于研究细胞如何构建蛋白质和其他分子，开发新的抗癌药物，以及生产用于储能的新材料，以及许多其他应用。)”可推知，她的发现非常有价值。由此可知，划线部分所在句子意为“作为化学界最有价值的成就，她的工作在现实世界中产生了显著的影响”，即a crown jewel意为“重要或最有价值的东西”，即The most valuable breakthrough。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Bertozzi was recognized for founding the field of bioorthogonal chemistry(Bertozzi因创立生物正交化学领域而受到认可)”和第四段的“In pioneering the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, Bertozzi invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes(在开创生物正交化学领域时，Bertozzi发明了一种研究生物分子过程的新方法)”推知，Bertozzi是有开拓性的和有创造力的，即Pioneering and Creative，故选D。 C In the future, the Internet will be different from what it is now. There will be many more websites. It is predicted that in the year 2100, there will be hundreds of billions of websites. This means that the use of search engines will become much more important. And there will also be many more sites in different languages. This means that on every proper website, there will be links with the language you want. Another prediction on the Internet is that data transmission (传输) speed will increase globally. According to Akamai Technologies, the average global data transmission speed in late 2019 was 26.7 megabits per second. Compare that to the record for data transmission speed set by Bell Labs: 100 billion megabits per second. At that speed, you could transmit 400 DVDs worth of data every second. That’s an enormous gap between what’s currently possible and what’s commercially available. But as time passes, the costs of producing super-high-speed networks will decrease. In the future, people will live under the sea and the housing shortage will be solved. There will be lots of glass domes (穹状建筑物)under the sea, which allow people to look all around into the sea. Air will be provided via air pipes which lead to the open air. You can travel from one dome to another via a kind of submarine which will also be made of glass. The domes will be so beautiful and the view under the sea will be so impressive that many people will prefer to live under water, and less people will prefer to live on land. This will have a positive effect on the environment on land. In the future we won’t use oil or gas as energy any more. We will make use of sunlight, water and wind. Cars will run on water. Just fill your tank with water, and you can drive further than you could drive with the same amount of gasoline. Also, the exhaust won’t be damaging to the environment, because it’ll just be water vapour. So the water cycle won’t change, we’ll keep the same amount of water on the earth, and we won’t run out of water. Also, all energy will be supplied by natural sources: sunlight, wind and water. 8. What can we know about the Internet in the future from the first two paragraphs? A. It will be more important to use search engines. B. Most of the websites will be designed in English. C. People not knowing a foreign language will find it hard to surf the Internet. D. There will be great gaps between developed countries and developing countries in Internet usage. 9. Why are super-high-speed networks not available to the public at present? A. Because the costs are too high. B. Because there are technical difficulties. C Because Bell Labs doesn’t want to sell its technique. D. Because governments haven’t recognised their value. 10. The underlined word “exhaust” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to “ . A. oil product B. waste air C. solar energy D. wind energy 11. What can we infer from the text? A. The Internet is the most advanced invention in history. B. Water will run out sooner than we have expected. C. Houses under the sea will be made from metal. D. Sunlight, wind and water will benefit people more in the future. 【答案】8. A 9. A 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文对互联网、人类居住环境、能源应用等领域的未来作出了预测。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“This means that the use of search engines will become much more important.”（这意味着搜索引擎的使用将变得更加重要。）可知，使用搜索引擎将更加重要。故选A项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“That’s an enormous gap between what’s currently possible and what’s commercially available. But as time passes, the costs of producing super-high-speed networks will decrease.”（这是目前可行的和商业上可用的之间的巨大差距。但随着时间的推移，建造超高速网络的成本将会降低。）可知，超高速网络目前还没有向公众开放是因为成本太高。故选A项。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据下文“won’t be damaging to the environment, because it’ll just be water vapour.”（不会对环境造成破坏，因为它只是水蒸气。）可知，废气不会对环境造成破坏，因为它只是水蒸气。所以划线词的意思是“废气”。故选B项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Also, all energy will be supplied by natural sources: sunlight, wind and water.”（此外，所有的能源都将由自然资源提供：阳光、风和水。）可知，阳光、风和水将在未来造福人类。故选D项。 D In order to help discover spoilage and reduce food waste for supermarkets and consumers, researchers have developed new low-cost, smart phone-linked, eco-friendly spoilage sensors for meat and fish packaging. One in three UK consumers throw away food just because it reaches the use-by date, but 60% of the £12.5 billion-worth of food we throw away each year is safe to eat. The researchers, whose findings were published in ACS Sensors, say the sensors could also eventually replace the use-by date—a widely used indicator of being fresh and eatable. The sensors cost two US cents each to make. Known as “paper-based electrical gas sensors (PEGS)”, they detect spoilage gases like ammonia (a poisonous gas with a strong unpleasant smell) in meat and fish products. The information provided by the electronic nose is received by a smart phone, and then you can know whether the food is fresh and safe to eat. The Imperial College London researchers who developed PEGS made the sensors by printing carbon electrodes onto a special type of paper. The materials are eco-friendly and harmless, so they don’t damage the environment and are safe to use in food packaging. The sensors, combined with a tiny electronic system, then inform nearby mobile devices, which identify and understand the data about spoilage gases. Lead author Dr Firat Guder of Imperial’s Department of Bioengineering, said, “Although they’re designed to keep us safe, use-by dates can lead to eatable food being thrown away. They don’t always reflect its actual freshness. In fact, people often get sick from food-borne diseases due to poor storage, even when an item is within its use-by date.” “These sensors are cheap enough so we hope to see supermarkets using them within three years. Our goal is to use PEGS in food packaging to reduce unnecessary food waste.” The authors hope that PEGS could have applications beyond food processing like sensing chemicals in agriculture, air quality, and detecting disease markers in breath like those involved in kidney disease. 12. What is the function of PEGS according to the text? A. To improve the taste of foods. B. To improve the service of stores. C. To help supermarkets store foods. D. To help people test food freshness. 13. What role does the smartphone play while PEGS are functioning? A. It acts as an electronic nose. B. It reads the data collected by PEGS. C. It helps print the gas sensors onto paper. D. It discovers the spoilage gases from foods. 14. What does Dr. Firat Guder say about use-by dates? A. They are not completely reliable. B. They can help reduce food waste. C. They are based on scientific research. D. They are not accepted by the consumers. 15. What does the author mainly talk about in the text? A. The process of researching spoilage sensors. B. A new technology in packaging to reduce food waste. C. The application of spoilage sensors beyond food processing. D. The influence of use-by dates on supermarkets and consumers. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以减少食物浪费的新技术，名为“纸质电气气体传感器（PEGS）”。介绍了这种技术的工作方式以及人们对此技术未来应用领域的看法。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The sensors cost two US cents each to make. Known as “paper-based electrical gas sensors (PEGS)”, they detect spoilage gases like ammonia (a poisonous gas with a strong unpleasant smell) in meat and fish products. The information provided by the electronic nose is received by a smart phone, and then you can know whether the food is fresh and safe to eat.(每个传感器的制造成本为2美分。它们被称为“纸质电气气体传感器（PEGS）”，可以检测出肉类和鱼类产品中的氨气（一种有强烈难闻气味的有毒气体）等腐败气体。 电子鼻子提供的信息被智能手机接收，然后你就可以知道食物是否新鲜和安全的食用)”可知，PEGS的功能是帮助人们检测食物的新鲜度。故选D。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“The sensors, combined with a tiny electronic system, then inform nearby mobile devices, which identify and understand the data about spoilage gases.(这些传感器与一个微型电子系统结合，然后通知附近的移动设备，这些移动设备可以识别并了解有关变质气体的数据)”可知，当PEGS运行时，智能手机的作用是读取PEGS收集的数据。故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“Lead author Dr Firat Guder of Imperial’s Department of Bioengineering, said, “Although they’re designed to keep us safe, use-by dates can lead to eatable food being thrown away. They don’t always reflect its actual freshness. In fact, people often get sick from food-borne diseases due to poor storage, even when an item is within its use-by date.”(帝国理工大学生物工程系的第一作者Firat Guder博士说：“尽管保质期是为了保护我们的安全，但它可能导致可食用的食物被扔掉。它们并不总是反映它的实际新鲜度。事实上，人们经常会因为储存不当而患上食源性疾病，即使是在保质期内。”)”可推知，Firat Guder博士认为保质期不是完全可靠的。故选A。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In order to help discover spoilage and reduce food waste for supermarkets and consumers, researchers have developed new low-cost, smart phone-linked, eco-friendly spoilage sensors for meat and fish packaging.(为了帮助超市和消费者发现食物的腐败现象，减少食物浪费，研究人员开发了一种新型低成本、智能手机连接、环保的腐败传感器，用于肉类和鱼类的包装)”结合文章主要介绍了一种可以减少食物浪费的新技术，名为“纸质电气气体传感器（PEGS）”。介绍了这种技术的工作方式以及人们对此技术未来应用领域的看法。可知，作者在文中主要谈到了减少食物浪费的包装新技术。故选B。 第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to focus on today and do your best If you want to be successful then you must appreciate the importance of living in the present. ____16____ Here are some tips to motivate you to make the most of the present. Be grateful for the little things. Start a gratitude journal. ____17____ Take time to appreciate the things going well in your everyday life, the things you are thankful for, or the things you accept as normal without thinking about them. Train yourself to do one thing at a time. Don’t work on too many projects no matter how big your ambitions (抱负) are. ____18____ Take it one day at a time, and soon you’ll be surprised at how much you’ve managed to accomplish. ____19____ Remind yourself of where you are by asking yourself, “Is this what I should be doing right now? ” “Am I feeling happy doing this at present? ” “What is the one thing I can do to make today count?” Know your own character well and listen to your feelings. Schedule some “me time” and make the most of it. Make some time out of your busy schedule to follow a creative hobby, enjoy the beauty of nature or simply some pop culture entertainment. ____20____ John Lennon once said, “Life is what’s happening while we’re busy making.” Practise keeping your attention on the here and now. The present moment is where you are always! A. Finish one task at a time. B. Find the good in every situation. C. Start to do what you enjoy doing. D. Ask yourself questions to be in the present. E. Believe in what you are really feeling at present. F. Always remember that the best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. G. Not only will it help you to relax, but it will also aid you in focusing better on your tasks. 【答案】16. F 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何活在当下，做到尽善尽美。 【16题详解】 根据上文“If you want to be successful, then you must appreciate the importance of living in the present.”(如果你想成功，那么你必须意识到活在当下的重要性。)可知，选项承接上文继续说明注重当下与成功的关系。故F选项“永远记住，对明天最好的准备就是今天做到最好。”切题。故选F项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Start a gratitude journal.”(开始写感恩日记。)根据下文“Take time to appreciate the things going well in your everyday life, the things you are thankful for, or the things you accept as normal without thinking about them.”(花点时间去感激你日常生活中一切顺利的事情，那些你感激的事情，或者那些你不假思索就习以为常的事情。)可知，选项承接上下文说明要看到好的一面。故B选项“在任何情况下都要发现好的一面”切题。the good呼应appreciate the things going well和a gratitude journal。故选B项。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Don’t work on too many projects no matter how big your ambitions (抱负) are.”(不管你的野心有多大，都不要同时做太多的项目)可知，选项承接上文说明不要同时做太多的项目，而是要一次完成一项任务。故A选项“一次只完成一项任务”切题。故选A项。 【19题详解】 根据下文“Remind yourself of where you are by asking yourself, “Is this what I should be doing right now? ”“Am I feeling happy doing this at present? ”“What is the one thing I can do to make today count?”（ 通过问自己“这是我现在应该做的事情吗?”“我现在做这件事开心吗?”“我能做什么才能让今天过得有意义?”）可 知 ，本段主要在将要问自己问题。故 D选项 “问自己一些问题，让自己活在当下”切题。故选D项。 20题详解】 根据上文“Make some time out of your busy schedule to follow a creative hobby, enjoy the beauty of nature or simply some pop culture entertainment.”（从你繁忙的日程中抽出一些时间来从事一个创造性的爱好，享受自然之美，或者只是一些流行文化娱乐项目。）可知，选项承接上文说明带来的益处。故G选项“它不仅能帮助你放松，还能帮助你更好地专注于你的任务”切题。故选G项。 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节， 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___21___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular ___22___ of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___23___ explosive (爆炸物). After years of ___24___, in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He ___25___ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper ___26___ published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was ___27___ to find out his public image. Then newspaper strongly ___28___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___29___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) ____30____. He spent his lifetime alone ____31____ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will. so as to ____32____ his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ____33____, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ____34____ to mankind in physics, chemistry,physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel ____35____ 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 21. A. .remembering B. honouring C. crediting D. negating 22. A. nature B. .conduct C. flavour D. benefit 23. A. deadly B. bitter C. usable. D. mild 24. A. innovations B. efforts C. hesitation D. association 25. A. brought up B. put up C. broke up D. built up 26. A. mistakenly B. purposefully C. unintentionally D. scientifically 27. A. satisfied B. relieved C. impressed D. disappointed 28. A. praised B. blamed C. appreciated D. favoured 29. A. greedy B. essential C. rich D. sufficient 30. A. error B. warning C. threat D. consequence 31. A. destroying B. inventing C. combining D. stimulating 32. A. improve B. establish C. illustrate D. secure 33. A. request B. illustration C. will D. fortune 34. A. choices B. decisions C. profits D. contributions 35. A. gave away B. gave back C. gave off D. gave out 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering记得；B. honouring尊敬、表彰；C. crediting相信；D. negating否认。根据最后一段“In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ___13___, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用来表彰这些杰出的人。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature自然、性质；B. conduct行为、举动；C. flavour味道；D. benefit利益。根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温和的。根据下文的“in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A. innovations创新；B. efforts努力；C. hesitation犹豫；D. association协会。根据上文“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___3___ explosive (爆炸物).”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brought up抚养长大；B. put up张贴、提供食宿；C. broke up结束、关系破裂；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. purposefully故意地；C. unintentionally无意地；D. scientifically科学地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. satisfied满意的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed有印象的；D. disappointed失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper strongly ___8___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___9___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表扬；B. blamed责备；C. appreciated欣赏、感激；D. favoured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. greedy贪婪的；B. essential必要的；C. rich富裕的；D. sufficient充分的。根据上文“He ___5___ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警告。A. error错误；B. warning警告；C. threat威胁；D. consequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警告。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A. destroying破坏；B. inventing发明；C. combining结合；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A. improve提升；B. establish建立；C. illustrate说明；D. secure安全的。根据上文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustration说明、阐述；C. will意志、遗嘱；D. fortune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. choices选择；B. decisions决定；C. profits利润；D. contributions贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___1___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away赠送、背叛；B. gave back归还；C. gave off散发；D. gave out分发、公布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产。故选A。 第二节: 语法填空。 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 语法填空 Tu Youyou is universally acknowledged as a scientist of great ____36____ (achieve). Born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, Tu Youyou graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967, she was chosen into a research team ____37____ was formed by the government with the aim of discovering a new treatment____38____ malaria and two years later she became the head of the project in Beijing. She and her teammates examined over 2,000 old medical texts, ____39____ (evaluate) 280,000 plants for their medical properties, and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. As a____40____ (commit) and patient scientist, she never acknowledged defeat whatever difficulty she met. After failing to draw out useful extract by____41____ (boil)the sweet wormwood, she began even ____42____ (careful) thinking and research work. She drew ____43____ conclusion that boiling the sweet wormwood destroyed ____44____ (it) medical properties. So she used a lower temperature____45____ (draw) out the extract and finally she succeeded. 【答案】36. achievement 37. that##which 38. for 39. evaluated 40. committed 41. boiling 42. more careful 43. a 44. its 45. to draw 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇人物传记。主要介绍了伟大的科学家屠呦呦和同事是如何克服重重困难，不断尝试，终于研制出治疗疟疾的新药。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：屠呦呦被普遍认为是一个具有伟大成就的科学家。of 后接抽象名词表示某人或某物具有的某种特征或性质。故填achievement。 【37题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：1967年，她被选入政府组织的一个研究小组，该小组的目标是发现治疗疟疾的新药。两年后，她成为该项目在北京的负责人。此处为定语从句修饰先行词a research team，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that或which。故填that或者which。 【38题详解】 考查介词。句意：1967年，她被选入政府组织的一个研究小组，该小组的目标是发现治疗疟疾的新药。两年后，她成为该项目在北京的负责人。这里考查treatment for，表“治疗……的方法”，为固定搭配。故填for。 【39题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：她和她的队友参考了2000多篇古老的医学文献，评估了28万株植物的医学特性，并测试了380种不同的中国古代医学疗法，这些疗法在抗击疟疾方面显示出了希望。evaluate在句中作谓语，与主语 She and her teammates 为主动关系，再根据上文She and her teammates examined over 2,000 old medical texts可知，这里应用一般过去时。故填evaluated。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：作为一名尽心尽力又耐心的科学家，无论遇到什么困难，她都从不承认失败。此处修饰名词scientist 应用形容词，committed，表示“尽心尽力的”，和patient—起作scientist的定语。故填committed。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在无法通过煮沸苦艾提取出有用的提取物后，她甚至开始仔细思考和研究工作。by为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填boiling。 【42题详解】 考查比较级。句意：在无法通过煮沸苦艾提取出有用的提取物后，她甚至开始仔细思考和研究工作。结合句意可知，此处表示“更加仔细的”，应用形容词比较级。故填more careful。 【43题详解】 考查冠词。句意：她得出结论 —— 煮沸苦艾破坏了它的药用价值。根据句意可知，表示“得出……的结论”应用短语draw a conclusion that…，为固定搭配。故填a。 【44题详解】 考查代词。句意：她得出结论，煮沸苦艾破坏了它的药用价值。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰后面名词。故填its。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：所以她用较低的温度取出了提取物，最后她成功了。表示“用某物做某事”应用短语use sth. to do sth.。故填to draw。 第四部分 写作 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分） 46. 互联网已经成为现代人工作和生活中必不可少的通信工具，在人们的生活中起着重要的作用，但它也有一些负面影响。请就互联网的利与弊发表你的见解，并阐述你的理由。内容包括： 好处 提供大量的信息，促进人际交流； 网上购物便捷 弊端 损害眼睛；长时间上网影响工作和休息； 网瘾影响学生的学习 你的观点 …… 注意：1.词数100词左右。 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Nowadays, the Internet has become an essential means of communication to modern people, which plays an important part in our daily life and brings us many benefits, but its disadvantages shouldn’t be ignored. The Internet bring us many advantages. Firstly, not only can the Internet provide a great deal of latest information for us but also we can send emails to our friends, contributing to promoting social communication. Secondly, the Internet makes shopping online convenient. However, the Internet has many disadvantages. It can easily lead to physical problems, doing harm to our eyesight. Surfing the Internet for a long time may affect our work and rest. If addicted to the Internet, teenagers tend to fall behind others at school. In my view, the most important is that we should learn how to make full use of its advantages while avoiding it disadvantages. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文，要求考生就互联网的利与弊发表见解并阐述理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重要的：essential→significant 起重要作用：play an important part→play an important role 优势：advantage→strength 提供：provide→offer 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：Secondly, the Internet makes shopping online convenient. 拓展句：Secondly, it is the Internet that makes shopping online convenient. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Nowadays, the Internet has become an essential means of communication to modern people, which plays an important part in our daily life and brings us many benefits, but its disadvantages shouldn’t be ignored. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Firstly, not only can the Internet provide a great deal of latest information for us but also we can send emails to our friends, contributing to promoting social communication. (运用了not only放句首构成的部分倒装和现在分词作状语) 第二节 读后续写 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Dad and Mom had got to go on a four-day business trip. They taught their elder son Daniel and younger daughter Jane how to feed and look after their dog, Spot, how to take good care of themselves—learning to cook if they could, or ordering pizza—with money left on the table—if they were busy, and told them to keep their rooms clean and tidy. They asked Daniel to be in charge. On the very morning when the parents left, Mom kissed them and said to Daniel gently, “Young man, do take care of Spot and Jane.” Daniel promised, “I will, Mom.” Too excited to fall asleep again, Daniel and Jane jumped out of bed, calling out each other to get up. Their pet dog, Spot, heard the similar voice and rushed in, with a ball in its mouth. Jane stuck(伸) her head into Daniel’s room,“Spot got up an hour earlier. Let’s walk it.” Daniel said excitedly, “I’m coming, but, Jane, don’t forget to keep your room clean and tidy.” “I will.” They ran with the dog in the yard and threw the ball away for Spot to bring it back. They had fun playing with Spot the whole morning. Washing Spot was slow and tiring as it was the first time they had done it. Then Daniel settled down to his homework while Jane did her reading with interest. The following day, Jane begged her brother to order pizza for lunch. Daniel agreed excitedly, “We haven’t tasted that for long and we behave ourselves, right?”After a while, he added, “We should save money, too.” Within half an hour, they treated themselves to a big pizza. However, in the afternoon, Spot looked sick, lying lazily and unwilling to move. Daniel was concerned about the dog and took it to the pet clinic immediately with Jane as their parents had done. 注意：(1)续写词数应为150左右； (2)请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1： When Dad and Mom arrived a day earlier, they were amazed to find everything in a mess. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2： Daniel ran into his room, with tears in his eyes,“ Jane, there is no need to explain and Mom won’t trust me any longer.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When Dad and Mom arrived a day earlier, they were amazed to find everything in a mess. Mom was angry and shouted, “Listen to me, young man—I left you in charge. We thought you would act like an adult, but look at the mess. The money for food has been used up but why does Spot still look hungry? What did you do with the money we left?” Jane explained anxiously, “Mummy, Spot is sick, so we spent the rest of the money taking it to the pet clinic.” Daniel ran into his room, with tears in his eyes,“Jane, there is no need to explain and Mom won’t trust me any longer.” Comforting Mom, Dad said calmly, “There is probably a good explanation for everything.” Hearing the little daughter’s words, Mom understood that the reason why they had no time to clean the house was that they waited for Spot at the clinic all day. Mom regretted acting so angrily and was satisfied that Daniel learnt to be responsible for others. She apologized to Daniel sincerely and hugged him in her arms, saying that “you are really growing up into a young man.” 【解析】 【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了爸爸和妈妈要去出差四天，他们教年长的儿子丹尼尔和小女儿简学会独立生活并照顾好狗Spot。父母离开之后，丹尼尔和简兴奋得睡不着觉，他们和Spot玩的非常开心。他们给学会给Spot洗澡，订披萨当午餐。然而Spot生病了，他们把Spot带到了动物诊所。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“当爸爸和妈妈提前一天到达时，他们惊奇地发现所有的东西都是一团糟。”可知，第一段可描写父母非常生气。 ②由第二段首句内容“丹尼尔跑进自己的房间，眼里含着泪水：“简，没有必要解释了，妈妈不会再相信我了。””可知，第二段可描写爸爸妈妈了解了真相并向丹尼尔道歉。 2.续写线索：出差——兴奋——洗澡——生病——生气——原谅 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①.大喊：shout/roar ②.用完：used up/run out of ③.理解：understand/make sense of 情绪类 ①. 生气的：angry/in anger ②. 焦急地：anxiously /worriedly 【点睛】[高分句型1]. Hearing the little daughter’s words, Mom understood that the reason why they had no time to clean the house was that they waited for Spot at the clinic all day.（现在分词作状语、关系副词why引导的定语从句和连接词that引导的表语从句） [高分句型2]. She apologized to Daniel sincerely and hugged him in her arms, saying that “you are really growing up into a young man.”（现在分词作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$