专题17 介词-备战2025年中考英语语法专项突破与提升训练

专题17 介词 一、作用 介词是用来表示词与词，词与句子之间关系的词。如果没有介词，一个句子就是词的堆积。 Look at me 看着我。 （look和me是两个独立的单词，用at这个表示方向的介词，连接起来。看的方向是我，就是看着我） 二、介词分类 1．表示地点方位的介词 （1）at，in（精准定位） 两者都表示“在……” 词 含义 例子 at 表示在空间，范围较小的地方 at home in 表示在空间，范围较大的地方 in Beijing （2）表示方位的 in，on，to（精准定位） 观察例句，分析为什么要用不同的介词。 Guangzhou is in the south of China. Guangdong is on the east of Guangxi. Guangzhou is to the north of Australia. 词 含义 in 一个地方在另一个地方里面，表示“在...范围里” on 两个地方是接壤的 to 两个地方是分开的 （3）表示地点方向的on，under，over，above，below（表示上下） 词 含义 例子 on 在……上面（2个物体有接触） The book is on the table. above 在……上方（2个物体不接触） Planes are above the trees. over 在...正上面 The bridge is over the river. under 在...正下方 The cat is under the table. below 在...下方 A boat is below the bridge. 【TIPS】：看图片，更清晰喔 （4）between＆among（表示之间） 两者都表示“在……之间” 词 含义 例子 between 用于两者之间 A river is between two cities. among 用于三者或三者以上 I stood among his friends. （5） in front of ＆ in the front of ＆ behind（表示前后） There is a man in front of the bus.有一男的在车的前面。 （男的站在车的外部的前面） There is a man in the front of the bus.有一男的在车的前面。 （男的站在车的内部的前面） 词 含义 in front of 在外部的前面（不在一个立体空间） in the front of 在内部的前面（同一个立体空间内） behind 在后面 （6）across ＆ through（表示穿过） 两者都表示“从这一边到另一边” We should be careful when we go across the road. 我们要小心当我们过马路时。 Don’t run through the forest when it is dark. 天黑时，不要跑过森林。 词 含义 across 穿过一个平面（马路，桥） through 穿过一个立体空间（森林，城市，隧道等） （7）to ＆ for ＆from（表示方向，沿着） 词 含义 例句 to 到达...（强调目的地） They flew to Guangzhou. 他们飞到伦敦。 for 朝向...（强调目标） The ship is sailing for Guangzhou. 这艘船向广州航行。 from 从...起（强调起点） The train from Guangzhou has arrived. 从广州来的火车已经到达了。 【注意】： ①for常见的动词搭配 head for 前进 leave／depart for 前往 set off／out for 动身前往 ②to常见的动词搭配 go／come to 去 move to 搬到／移动到 travel to 去...旅游 walk to 走路到 drive to 开车到 fly to 飞到 return to 返回 ③from 常见的动词搭配 come from/be from来自... （8） into ＆ onto ＆ out of（表示进出） 词 含义 例句 into 到...里面来 Come into the house.进到屋子里来。 onto 到...上面 The cat jumped onto my bed.这只猫跳到我床上来。 out of 从...出来 I took the cat out of the box.我从箱子里把猫拿出来。 （9）其他的介词 词 含义 例句 around 在...四周，环绕 I walked around the lake. 我绕着湖走。 near/next to 靠近，接近 The lion is near the sofa.一只狮子在沙发的旁边。 against 靠着；反对 Put the piano against the wall.把钢琴靠在墙边。 beside 在...旁边 A bear is beside the tree.一只熊在树的旁边。 by 在...旁边 A house by the river.河边的一所房子 along 沿着 Walk along this street.沿着这条街走。 towards 朝，向 The man is walking towards the bank. 这个男的正走向银行。 within 在...以内 Is it within walking distance？这是步行就能到么？ without 没有 He found the place without difficulty. 他还不费力的找到了那个地方。 past 从...旁边经过 I walked past the shop.我路过了这个店铺。 （10）常见的表达 in the tree 在树上（外来物） in the street 在街上 on the tree 在树上（树上本身有的） on the road 在马路上 on the farm 在农场 on the left/right 在左边／右边 in the sun 在太阳下 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 即时演练A--单项选择 1.There are some birds singing the trees. A.in B.on C.at D.from 2.There are so many apples that tree. A.in B.on C.at D.from 3.Jiangsu is the east of China,but Japan is the east of China. A.to;in B.in;to C.on;to D.to;on 4.Japan lies the east of China. A.to B.about C.at D.in 5.They work a small farm a river. A.on;by B.at;on C.by;on D.in;in 6.Can you see the hole the wall? A.on B.in C.among D.between 7.Anna is taller than me.She sits me in the classroom. A.between B.from C.behind D.among 2．表示时间的介词 (1) at & in & on 词 用法 例子 at 具体的时刻 固定搭配 at 5 p.m at noon/midnight/dawn （在中午／半夜／黎明） in 较长的一段时间（年月季节世纪） 固定搭配 in May/spring/the 21st century in the morning/afternoon/evening on 具体的日期／星期几 有形容词修饰的早中晚 on Sunday/3rd August on a rainy morning 【注意】：如果时间名词前用 this，that，last，next，today，tomorrow，yesterday等修饰时，不需要时间介词。 I had a picnic last Monday. 上个星期一我去野餐了。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 (2) before &after& by&till(until) 词 用法 例子 before 在...之前 I will come home before supper. 我会在晚饭前回家。 after 在...之后 After supper, I usually take a walk. 晚饭后，我通常去散步。 by 不迟于 到...时为止 We had learned 100 poems by the end of last term. 到上学期为止，我们已经学了100首诗了。 till/until 直到... You must wait for him till tomorrow. 你必须等他一直到明天。 【注意】：①by后接过去的时间，常与过去完成时（had done）连用。 ② until 常用于not...until（直到...才） I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’ clock．我直到12点才去睡觉。 (3) since & for & during & through & from 词 用法 例句 since 自从，接时间点，多与现在完成时连用 She has been away from home since 2008. 她自从2008年就离开家了。 for 持续，接时间段，多与现在完成时连用 She has been ill for 3 days. 她已经病了3天了。 during 在...期间 I went to France for holiday during summer. 夏天我去法国度假了。 through 一直，自始至终 They studied hard through this term.整个学期他们都努力学习。 from 表时间的起点，从... 搭配 from...to...（从...到...） You can come from Monday to Friday.你可以周一到周五过来。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 即时演练B--单项选择 1.He went to Guangzhou September 10th 2021 and came back a cold morning last ye A.in;on B.on;in C.on;on D.in;in 2.Lucy was born the night of May 12, 1984. A.on B.in C.at D.to 3.I moved Hangzhou September,1992. A./;in B.to;in C.to;on D.in;inn 4.They started off an autumn afternoon. A.during B.at C.in D.on 5.He arrived Guangzhou 9:30 March 5. A.at;in;at B.to;on;at C.in;on;at D.in;at;or 6.Mike does his exercises seven the evening. A.on;to B.at;in C.by;of D.at;on 7.They came to China 2000. A.on B.of C.to D.in 8.Why did you get up so early this morning. A.on B.on C.at D./ 3．表示手段，方式的介词 词 用法 例句 by 用某种手段，常跟动词ing；后也常跟交通工具 She makes a living by selling newspaper. 她通过卖报纸谋生。 with 使用某种工具（有形的）或身体的某个部位 He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头打烂了窗户。 in 表示使用某种语言，或某种材料 Please say it in Chinese. 请用中文说。 I will pay in cash. 我用现金支付 on 以...方式，常见于固定搭配 on the phone/radio/TV 通过电话／收音机／电视 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 即时演练C -- 用by，with，in，on填空 1.He goes to school bike. 2.He is painting a Chinese brush（毛笔）. 3. I don't know how to say “Jiaozi”" Japanese. 4.You can solve the problem this way. 5.We can look and see our eyes. 6.I study English practicing speaking it every day. 7.They talked the phone. 4．表示“除去”类的介词 词 用法 例句 besides 除...之外，还... （包括后面所提到人或物） Everyone is excited besides me. 除我之外，其余人也很激动。 except 除...之外 （不包括后面多提到的人或物） Everyone is excited except me. 除我之外，每个人都很激动。（我不激动） except for 除...之外 后接的内容与前面提到的不是同类，只是做补充 Her homework is good except for some spelling mistakes.她的作业很好除了一些拼写错误。 5．表示“好像” 词 用法 例句 like 像...一样 搭配 look like看起来像；be like 像 She looks like happy. 她看起来很开心。 as 作为，后通常跟身份 She is famous as a singer. 她作为一名歌手出名。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 6．介词的固定搭配 介词和其它词形成固定搭配，有些考试中出现过的短语需要掌握，更多的看读本的短语。 （1）介词与动词的搭配 listen to 听 laugh at 嘲笑 get to到达 look for 寻找 wait for 等待 hear from 收到...来信 turn on 打开 turn off 关闭 worry about 担心 think of 想出 look after 照顾 grow up 成长 spend...on...在...花时间 （2）介词与名词的搭配 on time 准时 in time 即时 on foot 步行 in trouble 处于麻烦中 （3）介词与形容词的搭配 be late for 迟到 be good at 擅长 be interested in 对...感兴趣 be famous for 因...而著名 综合练习： 一、单项选择 1.Children get gifts Christmas and their birthdays. A.on;on B.at;on C.in;in D.in;on 2. a cold winter morning, I met her in the street. A.In B.On C.At D.For 3.A lot of students in our school were born March,1981. A.in B.at C.on D.since 4.Your class begins 4:00p.m. the afternoon A.on;to B.at;in C.by;of D.at;on 5.---There is nothing tomorrow afternoon,is there? ---No. We can have a game of table tennis. A.on B.in C.out D./ 6. the morning of November 1ST, the workers went to London. A.On B.In C.to D.At 7.Our reading club share ideas with each other one hour every Tuesday. A.to B.on C.at D.for 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 8.He returned a rainy night. A.on B.at C.in D.during 9.The birds fly the woods. A.above B.on C.under D.inside 10.Two planes are flying the city. A.in B.over C.on D.below 11.There is a door the wall. A.on B.to C.of D.in 12.---Where is Marry flying? ---She is flying to France soon.She will arrive Paris the morning of July. A.to;on B.at;on C.in;in D.in;on 13.You can buy almost everything the Internet, and it's very easy. A.into B.for C.at D.on 14. It's a good idea to send the old books the children who need them. A.at B.of C.to D.by 15.---Hi,guys.Where were we yesterday? ---We learned the differences fact and opinion. A.between B.among C.during D.beyond 16. It's dangerous for you to go out for a walk in the forest at night. A.on business B.by the way C.on your own D.on the top 17.Many wild animals are ,and it's time for us to do whatever we can to protect them. A.on duty B.on show C.in order D.in danger 18.Although he was my opinion, the old professor didn't come up with his own. A.against B.on C.for D.in 答案 即时演练A 1-5 ABBAA 6-7 BC 即时演练B 1-5 CABDD 6-8 BDD 即时演练C 1．by 2.with 3.in 4.in 5.with 6.by 7.on 综合练习 1-5 BBABD 6-10 A DAAB 11-15 DDDCA 16-18 CDA 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$