课时作业15 阅读理解（word练习）-【名师大课堂】2025年新高考英语艺术生总复习必备训练册

课时作业(十五) 　 Passage 1 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner，experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1 — The Natural World With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide，this walk promises to be an informative tour.Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. Date and Time：Saturday，1st October，at 09：00 Start Point：Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration：6 hours Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard，an experienced guide，has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all.This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time：Sunday，2nd October，at 09：00 Start Point：Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration：5 hours Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at night­time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone.Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs.A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark.Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time：Saturday，1st October，at 18：30 Start Point：The Town Hall Walk Duration：3 hours Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well­surfaced forest path. Date and Time：Sunday，2nd October，at 11：45 Start Point：Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration：1.5 hours 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加卡洛秋季徒步节的几种步行方案，及其日期、起点和步行时间等相关细节。 1．Which walk takes the shortest time? A．The Natural World. B．Introduction to Hillwalking. C．Moonlight Under the Stars. D．Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. D　细节理解题。通读全文，根据文章所给出的四种方案中的“Walk Duration (步行时间)”部分比较可知，“Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest (步行4——基尔布兰尼什森林摄影步行)”的步行时间是1.5小时，用时最短。故选D项。 2．What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? A．Wear proper clothes. B．Join a walking club. C．Get special permits. D．Bring a survival guide. A　细节理解题。根据文章“Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars (步行3——星光下的月光)”部分中的“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.(穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加)”可知，第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选A项。 3．What do the four walks have in common? A．They involve difficult climbing. B．They are for experienced walkers. C．They share the same start point. D．They are scheduled for the weekend. D　细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的“Date and Time (日期和时间)”部分比较可知，这四种方案都被安排在周末。故选D项。 Passage 2 (2024·北京卷)When I was a little girl，I liked drawing，freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home.In primary school，I learned to write using chalks.Writing seemed to be another form of drawing.I shaped individual letters into repeating lines，which were abstract forms，delightful but meaningless patterns. In secondary school，art was my favourite subject.Since I loved it so much I thought I was good at it.For the art O­level exam I had to present an oil painting.I found it difficult，but still hoped to pass.I failed，with a low grade.I'd been over­confident.Now I'd been declared talentless. But other channels of creativity stayed open：I went on writing poems and stories.Still，I went to exhibitions often.I continued my habitual drawing，which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画)．In my 30s，I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art.However，I couldn't let myself have a go at actually doing it.Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints，or were printmakers or sculptors，I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn't allowed to practice. One night，in my early 40s，I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me，handed me a bag of paints，and told me to start painting.The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me.It was a form of energy，giving me back something I'd lost.Accordingly，I started by experimenting with water colours.Finally，I bought some oil paints. Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades­long taboo about working with oil paints，I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink.I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends.It all feels free and easy.Un­anxious.This time around，I can accept my limitations but keep going. Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute.I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much.That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。 1．How did the author feel about the result of the art exam? A．Scared. B．Worried. C．Discouraged. D．Wronged. C　推理判断题。根据第二段“I found it difficult，but still hoped to pass.I failed，with a low grade.I'd been over­confident.Now I'd been declared talentless.(我觉得很难，但仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过，而且成绩很低。我过于自信了。现在，我被宣布为毫无(油画)天赋的人了)”并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的经历可推知，作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。故选C。 2．In her 30s，the author ________． A．avoided oil painting practice B．sought for a painting career C．fancied abstract painting D．exhibited child paintings A　细节理解题。根据第三段“In my 30s，I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art.(在我30多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法)”和“Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints，or were printmakers or sculptors，I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn't allowed to practice.(虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习)”可知，作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。故选A。 3．Which word would best describe the author's dream? A．Confusing. B．Empowering. C．Disturbing. D．Entertaining. B　推理判断题。根据第四段“The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me.It was a form of energy，giving me back something I'd lost.(这个梦给我的感觉是如此的权威，它震撼了我。它是能量的一种形式，让我回我失去了的东西)”可知，作者的梦赋予作者练习油画的力量。故选B。 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．Hard work is the mother of success. C．Dreams are the reflections of realities. D．Creative activities involve being confident. D　推理判断题。根据第六段“Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute.I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much.(成为一名成功的画家需要有决心。我意识到我总是害怕想要得太多)”及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。由此可推知，我们能从文章中学到创作活动需要自信，故选D。 Passage 3 (2024·浙江1月卷)When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain.Ages ago right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006.I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing，I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it__seem a bit more “young professional”． As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets，the door swung shut behind me.Suddenly I was locked outside.My mobile phone was inside，but luckily there was a telephone box across the street.So，I called Directory Assistance，got put through to our landlady's managing agent，and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived. As it has been many years since I last used one，I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public telephones near my house.The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”：any passer­by can “borrow”a book from its shelves return it later，or replace it with another title from their own collection. For a few months after the “library”opened，I didn't bother taking a look，as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories.Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there.And these books were free.This unbeatable price­point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying.And I've discovered some great books! If I ever get trapped outside my house again，my local telephone box will，sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys.But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。随着手机的普及，电话亭渐渐地被人们遗忘，作者家附近的最后一个电话亭被改造成了“迷你图书馆”，作者偶然发现那里有很多不错的免费书籍，这让作者觉得很棒。 1．What does the underlined word “it”in the first paragraph refer to? A．The play. B．The shared house. C．The sofa. D．The telephone box. B　词句猜测题。根据第一段第五句“I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.(我当时在伦敦我那狭小的合租房子里为我的剧本进行试演。)”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，所以it代指“合租房”。故选B。 2．Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006? A．To place an urgent call. B．To put up a notice. C．To shelter from the rain. D．To hold an audition. A　细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“So，I called Directory Assistance，got put through to our landlady's managing agent，and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.(所以，我打电话给电话查号台，接通了女房东的经纪人，他们给了我一把备用钥匙，刚好来得及在演员们到来之前回去。)”可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。故选A。 3．What do we know about the “mini community library”？ A．It provides phone service for free. B．Anyone can contribute to its collection. C．It is popular among young readers. D．Books must be returned within a month. B　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The last one standing has just been turn into a ‘mini community library’：any passer­by can ‘borrow’ a book from its shelves return it later，or replace it with another title from their own collection.(最后一个被改造成了一个‘迷你社区图书馆’：任何路过的人都可以从它的书架上‘借’书，以后还回来，或者用自己收藏的另一本书来替换。)”可知，任何人都可以为“迷你社区图书馆”的捐赠图书。故选B。 4．Why did the author start to use the “library”？ A．He wanted to borrow some love stories. B．He was encouraged by a close neighbour. C．He found there were excellent free books. D．He thought it was an ideal place for reading. C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后四句“Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there.And these books were free.This unbeatable price­point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying.And I've discovered some great books！(然后我注意到福克正在进行春季大扫除，把各种主题的大书一箱箱地扔到那里。而且这些书是免费的。这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励我尝试许多我通常不会考虑购买的标题。我还发现了一些很棒的书！)”可知，作者发现“迷你图书馆”里有很多免费的很棒的书，所以开始使用。故选C。 Passage 4 (2024·河南省新乡市高三二模)Climate change is causing more areas to turn into deserts.This issue is affecting the lives of 250 million people as land that used to be good for farming becomes dry and unproductive.Around one­third of the world's land is impacted，including regions in Africa，southern Europe，Asia and America. Sand to Green is a Moroccan company that can transform a patch of desert into a sustainable (可持续的) and profitable plantation in five years，according to Wissal Ben Moussa，its co­founder and chief agricultural officer.The solution is using agroforestry (农林业)to create a new kind of agriculture that is sustainable and that can be resilient (有适应力的) in front of climate change. The system can be set up close to any source of salty water，which Sand to Green cleans using energy from the sun.It then grows different types of fruit trees and plants together in the same area—a method called mixed planting—and waters the plants' roots directly with the cleaned water，to reduce water loss to the air.The soil is regenerated using what Sand to Green calls “green manure”，a mixture that includes compost，biochar(生物炭)and microorganisms that help the soil “wake up”．Biochar is a form of charcoal that can help dry soil hold on to water. In a five­hectare trial in southern Morocco that's been running since 2017，Sand to Green has tried out a variety of plants in search of the best performers.Among the intercropping herbs (草本植物) that have been successfully trialed are rosemary，geranium，vetiver and citronella，which Ben Moussa describes as “very low­maintenance and very high­profit”． Sand to Green is now working to scale__up to a 20­hectare commercial site，also in southern Morocco.It says a site of that size would cost around $475，000 to set up and would start bringing financial returns in about five years. According to Ben Moussa，with this system they create biodiversity，which means better soil，healthier crops and a bigger yield.The plantation can generate 1.5 times more yield，thus making more money than a farm that grows only one type of crop in the same space. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了气候变化导致越来越多的地区变成沙漠。这一问题正在影响2.5亿人的生活，因为过去适合耕种的土地变得干旱和贫瘠。摩洛哥的一家公司可以在五年内将一片沙漠变成一个可持续的、有利可图的种植园。 1．What phenomenon does the author describe in Paragraph 1? A．Deforestation. B．Desertification. C．Global warming. D．Urbanization. B　细节理解题。根据第一段“Climate change is causing more areas to turn into deserts.This issue is affecting the lives of 250 million people as land that used to be good for farming becomes dry and unproductive.Around one­third of the world's land is impacted，including regions in Africa，southern Europe，Asia and America.”(气候变化导致越来越多的地区变成沙漠。这一问题正在影响2.5亿人的生活，因为过去适合耕种的土地变得干旱和贫瘠。全球约三分之一的土地受到影响，包括非洲、南欧、亚洲和美洲地区。)可知，作者在第一段描述了沙漠化的现象。故选B项。 2．Why did Sand to Green use agroforestry? A．To preserve the crop's survival rate. B．To protect water from pollution. C．To make a new type of soil. D．To help people adapt to climate change. A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The solution is using agroforestry(农林业)to create a new kind of agriculture that is sustainable and that can be resilient(有适应力的)in front of climate change.”(解决方案是利用农林业来创造一种可持续的新型农业，这种农业可以在气候变化面前具有弹性。)以及第三段中“The soil is regenerated using what Sand to Green calls ‘green manure’，a mixture that includes compost，biochar(生物炭)and microorganisms that help the soil ‘wake up’．”(土壤的再生使用“从沙到绿”所谓的“绿肥”，这是一种混合物，包括堆肥、生物炭和微生物，可以帮助土壤“苏醒”。)可知，沙改绿采用农林业是因为可以保持作物的存活率。故选A项。 3．What can we learn about Sand to Green? A．It aims to plant more trees. B．It earns a good reputation. C．It develops new plants. D．It produces good results. D　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Among the intercropping herbs(草本植物)that have been successfully trialed are rosemary，geranium，vetiver and citronella，which Ben Moussa describes as ‘very low­maintenance and very high­profit’．”(在已成功试验的间作草药中，有迷迭香、天竺葵、香根草和香茅，本·穆萨称这些草药“维护成本低，利润高”。)可推知，从沙到绿，我们能了解到它产生了良好的效果。故选D项。 4．What does the underlined phrase “scale up”mean in Paragraph 5? A．Expand. B．Object. C．Refer. D．Prefer. A　词义猜测题。根据第五段中“It says a site of that size would cost around $475，000 to set up and would start bringing financial returns in about five years.”(该公司表示，这种规模的网站将花费约47.5万美元来建立，并将在大约五年内开始带来经济回报。)由此可知，此处为“从沙到绿”目前正在努力扩大到20公顷的商业用地。故可猜测划线短语scale up为“扩大”的意思，结合选项A项Expand“扩大”意思一致。故选A项。 Passage 5 (2024·湖南省岳阳市高三二模)Billions of people deal with a nail­biting habit at some point in their lives.Many will go to great lengths to try to stop.And while not all of us are nail­biters，most of us do have a habit we'd like to kick.So what's the best way to break one? Research shows that intentions alone often fail to lead to long­term behavior change.This isn't to say you can't break a habit.Rather，by understanding the basis of habits，you can create better plans for changing them.For example，we know habits are often affected by environments and routines.Lying in bed may cause you to endlessly scroll through your phone，or watching TV on the couch may lead you to grab a sugary snack. One of the most effective ways to manage behavior is to identify these locations or times of day.Then try to modify them by changing your routine or creating obstacles that make it more difficult to perform the habit in that space.Moving，switching jobs，or even starting a new schedule，are particularly great times to break a habit or build a new one. One 2005 study tracked university students' exercising，reading，and TV­watching habits before and after they transferred schools.When students were no longer around old environments and routines，their habits，even the strong ones，significantly changed. For behaviors like nail­biting，a practice called habit reversal training can be helpful.Developed by psychologists in the 1970s，the aim is to change a habit by replacing it with another one that's less detrimental．The training requires you to analyze and understand your habit cues，so you can effectively step in at the right times.For example，if you tend to bite your nails at work，keep a fidget toy at your desk in advance.Then，if a stressful email comes in，use the toy when you feel the urge to bite your nails. Breaking a habit takes time，so remember to give yourself grace and have patience through the process. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了如何改变习惯，包括了环境和常规的影响，以及一些有效的方法如何改变习惯，比如改变日常行为的时间和地点，使用习惯逆转训练等。同时提醒读者要有耐心和恒心来改变习惯，因为这个过程需要时间。 1．Why does the author mention “a nail­biting habit”in Para.1? A．To make a comparison. B．To make a conclusion. C．To introduce the topic. D．To attract readers' attention. C　推理判断题。根据第一段中“And while not all of us are nail­biters，most of us do have a habit we'd like to kick.So what's the best way to break one？( 虽然不是所有人都是咬指甲的人，但我们大多数人都有一个想要改掉的习惯。那么打破它的最好方法是什么呢？)”可知，第一段以“咬指甲”这个坏习惯为例，引出文章主题即如何改掉习惯。故选C。 2．What is the best way to help us control our action? A．Having intentions alone. B．Understanding the basis of habits. C．Making practical plans. D．Adapting the environments or times. D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“One of the most effective ways to manage behavior is to identify these locations or times of day.(管理行为最有效的方法之一就是确定这些地点或时间)”可知，管理行为最好的方法之一是确定时间或地点即适应环境或时间。故选D。 3．What does the underlined word “detrimental”in Para.5 probably mean? A．Harmful. B．Helpful. C．Annoying. D．Time­consuming. A　词义猜测题。根据下划线前面的内容“Developed by psychologists in the 1970s，the aim is to change a habit by replacing it with another one that's less...(心理学家在20世纪70年代提出了这种方法，目的是通过用另一种……的习惯来改变一种习惯)”以及后文的例子“For example，if you tend to bite your nails at work，keep a fidget toy at your desk in advance.Then，if a stressful email comes in，use the toy when you feel the urge to bite your nails.(举个例子，如果你在工作时总是咬指甲，事先将一个玩耍的玩具放在你的办公桌上。然后，如果收到一封压力大的电子邮件时，当你感到想要咬指甲时，就使用这个玩具)”可知，如果收到一封压力大的电子邮件时，当你感到想要咬指甲时，就使用这个玩具这种危害性较小的行为来替代咬指甲的习惯即通过一种危害性小的习惯来取代或者改变原有的习惯。由此划线词与A选项“Harmful.(有害的)”为同义词。故选A。 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Difficulties in dealing with nail­biting B．Significance of habit reversal training C．Useful tips on getting rid of a habit D．Necessity of having grace and patience C　标题归纳题。根据第一段“And while not all of us are nail­biters，most of us do have a habit we'd like to kick.So what's the best way to break one？( 虽然不是所有人都是咬指甲的人，但我们大多数人都有一个想要改掉的习惯。那么打破它的最好方法是什么呢？)”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了如何改变习惯，包括了环境和常规的影响，以及一些有效的方法如何改变习惯。C选项“Useful tips on getting rid of a habit(关于摆脱习惯的有用建议)”符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 6 (2024·湖南省张家界市高三二模)A study expands positive evidence for a new screening tool that directly engages preschool children during clinic visits to assess their early literacy skills.The tool called The Reading House (TRH)，is the first of its kind.It has the potential to identify reading difficulties as early as possible，according to researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. TRH is an assessment developed by John Hutton and his team for kids aged from 3 to 5.Screening takes just about five minutes and assesses performance levels for kids aged from 3 to 5.It addresses a significant gap in ways to screen early literacy skills efficiently and directly.The tool，which is fun for kids，could be used in places like primary care or preschool settings.The screening measures core skills typically appearing in the preschool age range，including vocabulary，rhyming，alphabet knowledge and print concepts.All are skills predictive of reading success and often associated with reading difficulties. The study involved 70 healthy children—34 boys and 36 girls－between 3 and 5 years old from various socioeconomic background.The children completed standardized tests of important literacy skills：vocabulary，rhyming arid rapid automatized naming.Fifty­two of these children also successfully completed MRI (磁共振成像)，including the measurement of the gray matter surface of their brains.The thicker cortex (皮质)，particularly in left­sided areas supporting language and reading，has been associated with higher skills that are predictive of reading outcomes. Many children arrive at kindergarten unprepared to learn to read，especially those from minority and economically poor backgrounds－estimated at over 50% of children from disadvantaged backgrounds in the U．S.and over 25% overall.“By screening early during clinic visits，we can target effective interventions that help these children better prepare for kindergarten and improve reading outcomes­literally，snaping thein brains to read.”said Hutton. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些研究人员研发出了一个新的工具，可以帮助预测3－5岁的小孩是否会有阅读困难。 1．What might be the purpose of creating TRH? A．To identify the best reading apps for kids. B．To develop preschool kids' literacy skills. C．To discover kids' reading problems early. D．To study key factors in kids' development. C　细节理解题。根据第一段的“The tool，called The Reading House (TRH)，is the first of its kind.It has the potential to identify reading difficulties as early as possible，according to researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.(该工具名为‘阅览室’(TRH)，是同类工具中的第一个。辛辛那提儿童医院医学中心的研究人员表示，它有可能尽早发现阅读困难)”可知，该工具可以确认学龄前儿童是否会有阅读困难。故选C。 2．What can we know about the new screening tool? A．It lacks reliability. B．It has operational advantages. C．It covers a wider target group. D．It's modelled after conventional tools. B　推理判断题。根据第二段的“Screening takes just about five minutes and assesses performance levels for kids aged from 3 to 5.It addresses a significant gap in ways to screen early literacy skills efficiently and directly.(筛查只需大约五分钟，评估3至5岁儿童的表现水平。它解决了在有效和直接筛选早期识字技能方面的一个重大差距)”可推知，该工具有操作方面的优势——可操作性强。故选B。 3．Which participants may be more capable of reading? A．Older children from minority groups. B．Younger children from economically advanced areas. C．Children with complex cortical patterns in their brains. D．Children with the thicker cortex in the left­sided areas of their brains. D　细节理解题。根据第三段的“The thicker cortex (皮质)，particularly in left­sided areas supporting language and reading，has been associated with higher skills that are predictive of reading outcomes.(较厚的皮层，特别是在支持语言和阅读的左侧区域，与预测阅读结果的较高技能有关)”可知，左边大脑皮质层较厚的孩子会有较强的阅读能力。故选D。 4．What attitude does Hutton have to TRH? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Uncertain. D．Conservative. B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Many children arrive at kindergarten unprepared to learn to read，especially those from minority and economically poor backgrounds­estimated at over 50% of children from disadvantaged backgrounds in the U．S.and over 25% overall.‘By screening early during clinic visits，we can target effective interventions that help these children better prepare for kindergarten and improve reading outcomes ­literally，snaping thein brains to read.’said Hutton.(许多孩子在上幼儿园时没有做好学习阅读的准备，尤其是那些来自少数民族和经济贫困背景的孩子——据估计，在美国，超过50%的儿童来自贫困背景，总体上超过25%。Hutton说：‘通过在诊所就诊期间尽早进行筛查，我们可以针对有效的干预措施，帮助这些孩子更好地为上幼儿园做准备，并改善阅读效果——实际上，就是在大脑中快速阅读。’)”可知，Hutton认为该工具能帮助改善来自贫穷家庭孩子的阅读，因此他是满怀希望的。故选B。 Passage 7 (2024·湖南省高三九校联盟第二次联考)One of the world's greenest office buildings will formally open its doors this week.It's a project of the environmentally progressive Bullitt Foundation.Its ambition is bold：to showcase an entirely self­sustaining office building hoping that others will create similar projects. The first thing that strikes you about the new Bullitt Center is an emphasis on walking.“In a building this size，any place else in Seattle it would have two elevators.Here，the stairway is obvious and attractive，”says Denis Hayes，CEO of the foundation.He explains there is an elevator，but it's well­hidden.The staircase encourages exercise and the concept helps cut down on energy use. This is one of dozens of visionary decisions that went into this building.“It has eyes，ears，a nervous system and a brain and it responds to its environment in a way that seeks to optimize (优化) things，”he says.He points across the street to a mini weather station.It sends data to the building so it can decide what it should do to conserve energy. “I think it's fair to say we were all a bit skeptical in the beginning，”says Chris Rogers，the founder of a firm in cooperation with the foundation.Rogers and the others set out to meet the ambitious goals of the Living Building Challenge，a green building standard set by local architects. Clearly this building is not for everyone.If you think of it as simply an office building，it was relatively pricey to design and build.But if you view it as a laboratory，an educational center and a bold effort to change how things are built，the calculation changes. Still，one could wonder，is it possible to build more with similar self­sustaining features at a reasonable cost? If this building isn't reproducible，then this experiment will have failed，says Rogers.But if it is successful，he's optimistic others will follow the foundation's lead.Rogers points out that over the past couple of decades，many builders have been integrating green elements into their buildings. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。本文主要是先介绍了西雅图一栋超级环保的新建筑的相关特色，从而提出潜在的质疑和探讨 未来类似环保建筑的发展前景。 1．What motivates the designers to highlight the stairway? A．To beautify the building. B．To offer convenience. C．To hide the elevator. D．To conserve energy. D　细节理解题。根据第二段“The staircase encourages exercise and the concept helps cut down on energy use.(楼梯鼓励锻炼，这个概念有助于减少能源消耗)”可知，设计师对该栋建筑中楼梯的设计，是出于鼓励锻炼和减少能源消耗的目的。故选D。 2．Which description best summarizes the Bullitt Center according to Paragraph 3? A．A living organism. B．A first responder. C．A brain system. D．A data base. A　推理判断题。根据第三段“It has eyes，ears，a nervous system and a brain and it responds to its environment in a way that seeks to optimize (优化) things(它有眼睛、耳朵、神经系统和大脑，并以一种寻求优化事物的方式对环境做出反应)”可推知，Bullitt Center仿佛是一个活的有机体一样。故选 A。 3．Which argument does Chris Rogers hold probably? A．It is reasonable to hold doubt in the building's future. B．The building has been inspired by previous efforts. C．The reproduction of the building is crucial. D．The building stands for a progressive force. C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“If this building isn't reproducible，then this experiment will have failed，says Rogers.But if it is successful，he's optimistic others will follow the foundation's lead.(罗杰斯说，如果这个建筑不能复制，那么这个实验就失败了。但如果它成功了，他乐观地认为其他人会跟随基金会的脚步)”可推知，该栋环保建筑的复制推广是至关重要的。故选 C。 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Look Inside The World's Greenest Building B．The Outlook For Green Buildings Is Promising C．How Can We Build More Green Buildings? D．Will This Super Green Building Be Copied? D　标题归纳题。根据第一段“One of the world's greenest office buildings will formally open its doors this week.It's a project of the environmentally progressive Bullitt Foundation.Its ambition is bold：to showcase an entirely self­sustaining office building hoping that others will create similar projects.(世界上最环保的办公大楼之一将于本周正式对外开放。这是环保进步组织布利特基金会的一个项目。它的目的是大胆的：展示一个完全自给自足的办公大楼，希望其他人也能创造出类似的项目)”结合本文主要是先介绍了西雅图一栋超级环保的新建筑的相关特色，从而提出潜在的质疑和探讨未来类似环保建筑的发展前景。D项“超级绿色建筑会被复制吗？”最具概括性，可以统摄全文。故选D。 Passage 8 (2024·山东省菏泽市高三一模)A man rides at full speed on a single­wheeled bike，leaning back on a seat fixed above a recycled tyre as he performs wheelies (杂技)．This machine is just one of many crazy inventions from Make It Extreme，a You Tube channel run by Michael Mavros and George Shiailis，two best friends who use old materials to create unique and innovative mechanical projects. The partners of this DIY design make the inventions to promote the joys of mechanical engineering and inspire creativity in others. On Make It Extreme，they transform everyday objects and vehicles into extreme versions of themselves，pushing creative boundaries in the process.They build and design their projects，film and edit the entire process，then finally showcase the results. “By passionately crafting furniture，engines，tools，toys and vehicles while using our imagination，we try to offer innovative solutions to various mechanical challenges，”explains Mavros，“We've shared this passion since our early years，and now，through our channel，we share it with millions of other people in an easily understandable way.” For its 100th video，Make It Extreme introduced the Monotrack bike，constructed entirely from recycled and old materials.They utilised a 100cc two­stroke engine from an old scooter (摩托车)，cutting the sidewalls of a used car tyre and fitting it around a recycled motor.The bike reflects their commitment to sustainability and creativity，purely for the joy and curiosity it brings. “The idea for the Monotrack bike came from an old wartime photo where we saw a similar vehicle，”says Mavros，“Our creations are often inspired by things we've encountered before.For example，the Monowheel，where a person sits inside a huge wheel，was inspired by similar vehicles from decades ago，and our tank chair stemmed from the idea of creating an accessible adventure vehicle for people with limited mobility.” Make It Extreme now has almost two million subscribers who are eager to tune in every month to see the partners' latest invention.And Mavros promises that 2025 will see them create their most daring project yet. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Michael Mavros和George Shiailis使用旧材料创造出独特而创新的机械项目，他们想发明来促进机械工程的乐趣，并激发其他人的创造力。 1．Why do Mavros and Shiailis run Make It Extreme? A．To make profits. B．To earn popularity. C．To develop hobby. D．To awaken innovation. D　细节理解题。根据第二段“The partners of this DIY design make the inventions to promote the joys of mechanical engineering and inspire creativity in others.(这个DIY设计的合作伙伴通过发明来促进机械工程的乐趣，并激发其他人的创造力)”可知，Mavros和Shiailis经营Make It Extreme是为了唤醒创新。故选D。 2．What do we think of their inventions according to Paragraph 5? A．Practical. B．Eco­friendly. C．Costly. D．Convenient. B　细节理解题。根据第五段“For its 100th video，Make It Extreme introduced the Monotrack bike，constructed entirely from recycled and old materials.(在其第100个视频中，Make It Extreme介绍了Monotrack自行车，完全由回收和旧材料制成)”可知，他们的发明是环保的。故选B。 3．What is Paragraph 6 mainly about? A．Why the old things were used. B．Where the Monowheel was found. C．What their inspirations originated from. D．How the Monotrack bike was invented. C　主旨大意题。根据第六段“‘The idea for the Monotrack bike came from an old wartime photo where we saw a similar vehicle，’says Mavros，‘Our creations are often inspired by things we've encountered before.For example，the Monowheel，where a person sits inside a huge wheel，was inspired by similar vehicles from decades ago，and our tank chair stemmed from the idea of creating an accessible adventure vehicle for people with limited mobility.’(马夫罗斯说：‘单轨自行车的想法来自于一张战时的旧照片，我们在那里看到了一辆类似的车辆。我们的创作灵感往往来自于我们以前遇到过的东西。’例如，Monowheel，一个人坐在一个巨大的轮子里，灵感来自几十年前的类似车辆，而我们的坦克椅源于为行动不便的人创造一种方便的冒险车的想法。)”可知，第6段的主要内容是他们的灵感来源。故选C。 4．What can we learn from Mavros and Shiailis in the text? A．Nothing is impossible. B．Hard work will pay off. C．Success needs perseverance. D．Many hands make light work. A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Make It Extreme now has almost two million subscribers who are eager to tune in every month to see the partners' latest invention.And Mavros promises that 2025 will see them create their most daring project yet.(Make It Extreme现在有近200万订户，他们每个月都渴望收看这两位合作伙伴最新发明。Mavros承诺，2025年他们将创造出迄今为止最大胆的项目)”结合文章主要说明了Michael Mavros和George Shiailis使用旧材料创造出独特而创新的机械项目，他们想发明来促进机械工程的乐趣，并激发其他人的创造力。可推知，Mavros和Shiailis告诉我们没有什么是不可能的。故选A。 Passage 9 (2024·河北省T8联盟高三二模)It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstandings between them.They have always complained，more or less justly，that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they do not trust their children to deal with crisis; that they talk too much about certain problems; and that they have no sense of humor，at least in parent­child relationships. I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young. Young people often annoy their parents with their choices in clothes and hairstyles，in the entertainers and music.This is not their motive.They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted.So they create a culture and society of their own.Then it turns out that their music or entertainers or clothes or hairstyles annoy their parents.This gives them additional enjoyment.At least in a small way，they are leaders in style and taste. Sometimes you are proud，because your parents can't change what you do.If they do approve，it looks as if you are betraying (背叛) your own age group.But in that case，you are assuming that you are an underdog：you can't win，but at least you can keep your honor.This is a passive way of looking at things.It is natural enough after long years if you were completely under your parents' control in your childhood.But it ignores the fact that you should be responsible for yourself. From my teaching experience for ages，I want to give you young people the following advice that perhaps can help deal with the generation gap properly.If you plan to control your life，co­operation can be part of that plan.You can charm your parents into doing things the way you want.You can impress them with your sense of responsibility，so that they will give you the authority to do what you want to do. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。年轻人总是抱怨他们的父母与现代生活方式脱节、不相信子女应付危机的能力、对某些问题喋喋不休、缺乏幽默感等。作者的建议是年轻人可以用你的责任感和进取心打动父母。那样，他们才会允许你做你想做的事。 1．What can we know from the young people's views in Paragraph 1? A．Parents are lacking in humor and like talking a lot. B．Parents always know much and keep pace with the times. C．Parents should be responsible for all the misunderstandings. D．Parents believe their children's ability to solve any problems. A　细节理解题。根据第一段中“They have always complained，more or less justly，that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they do not trust their children to deal with crisis; that they talk too much about certain problems; and that they have no sense of humor，at least in parent­child relationships.(他们总是或多或少地抱怨他们的父母与现代生活方式脱节，不信任孩子处理危机的能力，对某些问题谈论太多，至少在亲子关系中没有幽默感。) ”可知，从年轻人的观点中我们可以知道父母缺乏幽默感并且喜欢说很多话。选项A符合题意。故选A。 2．What can be inferred about the young people in Paragraph 3? A．They find extra fun from their annoying actions. B．They are quite content to be away from the adult society. C．They make full use of their music to speed up their lives. D．They always annoy their parents in order to enjoy music. A　推理判断题。根据第三段中“This gives them additional enjoyment.At least in a small way，they are leaders in style and taste.(这给了他们额外的乐趣。至少在某种程度上，他们是风格和品味的领导者。) ”可以推断，年轻人从他们的烦人行为中找到了额外的乐趣。选项A符合题意。故选A。 3．Which of the following is the closest to the meaning of the underlined word “underdog”in Paragraph 4? A．Lovely dog. B．Failure. C．Partner. D．Looker. B　词义猜测题。根据第四段中“If they do approve，it looks as if you are betraying (背叛) your own age group.But in that case，you are assuming that you are an...：you can't win，but at least you can keep your honor.”(如果他们真的同意了，看起来你好像背叛了自己的年龄段。但在那种情况下，你假设自己是个……：你赢不了，但至少能保住你的荣誉。)可知，此处上下文语境意在表明如果你按照父母的意愿行事，会让同龄人觉得你是背叛者，而你却认为自己虽败犹荣，因此划线词“underdog”在此处意为“失败者”。选项B符合题意。故选B。 4．What does the author do according to the text? A．A capable chef. B．A famous writer. C．A senior teacher. D．A trusted entertainer. C　推理判断题。根据第五段中“From my teaching experience for ages，I want to give you young people the following advice(根据我多年的教学经验，我想给年轻人以下建议)”可知，作者是一名资深教师。选项C符合题意。故选C。 Passage 10 (2024·山东省潍坊市高三二模)I had to say something after reading The Anxious Generation.It is going to sell well ，because Jonathan Haidt is telling a scary story about children's development many parents are led to believe.However，the book's repeated suggestion that digital technologies are rewiring our children's brains and causing the epidemic (流行病) of mental illness is unsupported by science.Worse ，the rude proposal that social media is to blame might distract (分心) us from effectively responding to the real causes of the current mental­health crisis in young people. Researchers have searched for the effects suggested by Haidt.Our efforts have produced a mix of no，small and mixed associations.Most data are correlative.When associations over time are found，they suggest not that social­media use predicts or causes depression，but that young people who already have mental­health problems use such platforms more often or in different ways from their healthy peers. We are not alone here.Several analyses and systematic reviews centralize on__the__same__message．An analysis done in 72 countries shows no consistent or measurable associations between well­being and social media globally.Moreover，studies from some authorities find no evidence of intense changes associated with digital­technology use. As a psychologist studying children's and adolescents' mental health，I appreciate parents' frustration(沮丧) and desire for simple answers.As a parent of adolescents，I would also like to identify a simple source for the pain this generation is reporting.There are，however，no simple answers.The beginning and development of mental disorders are driven by a complex set of genetic and environmental factors. More young people are talking openly about their mental­health struggles than ever before.But insufficient services are available to address their needs.In the United States，there is，on average，one school psychologist for every 1，119 students.We have a generation in crisis and in desperate need of the best of what science and evidence­based solutions can offer.Unfortunately，our time is being spent telling stories that are unsupported by research and that do little to support young people who need，and deserve，more. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。本文是对《焦虑的一代》一书的评论，作者认为该书提出的数字技术导致儿童大脑重构和精神健康危机的观点缺乏科学依据。作者强调，精神障碍的成因复杂，需要基于科学和证据的解决方案，而不是简单归咎于社交媒体。 1．What is presented in The Anxious Generation? A．Scary stories affect children's brains. B．Parents are responsible for children's health. C．Teen's mental illness results from screen time. D．The epidemic of mental illness is unavoidable. C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“However，the book's repeated suggestion that digital technologies are rewiring our children's brains and causing the epidemic (流行病) of mental illness is unsupported by science.(然而，这本书一再暗示数字技术正在重构我们孩子的大脑，并导致精神健康问题的流行，这一观点并没有得到科学的支持。)”可知，该书重复暗示数字技术正在重构我们孩子的大脑，并导致精神健康问题的流行。C选项“Teen's mental illness results from screen time.(青少年的精神疾病与看屏幕时间有关。)”与该描述相一致。故选C。 2．What does “the same message ”underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Many countries do research in mental health. B．Well­being and social media are closely related. C．The young are trapped in the mental­health crisis. D．Social media don't necessarily cause mental illness. D　词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“When associations over time are found，they suggest not that social­media use predicts or causes depression，but that young people who already have mental­health problems use such platforms more often or in different ways from their healthy peers.(随着时间的推移，他们发现社交媒体的使用并不是预测或导致抑郁症，而是已经有心理健康问题的年轻人比健康的同龄人更频繁地或以不同的方式使用这些平台。)”以及划线词后面的内容“An analysis done in 72 countries shows no consistent or measurable associations between well­being and social media globally.(在72个国家进行的一项分析显示，在全球范围内，幸福感和社交媒体之间没有一致的或可衡量的联系。)”可知，“同样的信息”指的是社交媒体并不一定导致心理健康问题。通过在72个国家进行的一项分析显示，在全球范围内，幸福感和社交媒体之间没有一致的或可衡量的联系。故划线词指代的是没有一致或可测量的证据表明社交媒体与幸福感之间有密切关系。故选D。 3．What is implied in the last paragraph? A．Effective actions need to be taken. B．Positive stories should be shared. C．Financial support needs to be provided. D．Broader research should be done. A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We have a generation in crisis and in desperate need of the best of what science and evidence­based solutions can offer.Unfortunately，our time is being spent telling stories that are unsupported by research and that do little to support young people who need，and deserve，more.(我们这一代人正处于危机之中，迫切需要科学和基于证据的解决方案所能提供的最好的东西。不幸的是，我们的时间花在讲述没有研究支持的故事上，这些故事对那些需要、也应该得到更多支持的年轻人几乎没有帮助。)”可知，针对于年轻人的心理健康问题，我们正在浪费时间讲述没有研究支持的故事，而这些故事对需要帮助的年轻人并没有帮助，这暗示我们需要采取有效的行动来解决这个问题。故选A。 4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To suggest ways to help those in need. B．To encourage parents to brave the crisis. C．To recommend a newly­published book. D．To give a voice to children's mental issues. D　推理判断题。根据第一段中“I had to say something after reading The Anxious Generation.It is going to sell well ，because Jonathan Haidt is telling a scary story about children's development many parents are led to believe.However，the book's repeated suggestion that digital technologies are rewiring our children's brains and causing the epidemic (流行病) of mental illness is unsupported by science.(读完《焦虑的一代》后，我不得不说些什么。这本书将会畅销，因为乔纳森·海特特讲述了一个许多父母都倾向于相信的关于儿童发展可怕的故事。然而，书中反复暗示数字技术正在重新连接我们孩子的大脑，并导致精神疾病的流行，这一观点并没有科学支持。)”以及最后一段中“Unfortunately，our time is being spent telling stories that are unsupported by research and that do little to support young people who need，and deserve，more.(不幸的是，我们的时间花在讲述没有研究支持的故事上，这些故事对那些需要、也应该得到更多支持的年轻人几乎没有帮助。)”以及通读全文可知，整篇文章都在批评一本书的观点，并强调需要科学和证据支持的解决方案，而不应该把时间浪费在没有科学研究支持的结论中，由此表明作者的目的是引起人们对儿童心理健康问题以及真正引发其该问题的原因进行关注和理解。D选项“To give a voice to children's mental issues.(为孩子们的心理问题发声。)”符合作者的目的。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$