课时作业10 定语从句（word练习）-【名师大课堂】2025年新高考英语艺术生总复习必备训练册

课时作业(十) 　 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2024·四川省德阳市高三5月模拟)In 2023，China was the second­ranking country in terms of launch numbers，having carried out 67 rocket launching missions，with 47 conducted by the Long March rocket family，all of __which__ were successful. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：2023年，中国完成67次火箭发射任务，其中长征系列火箭发射47次，全部成功，发射次数居世界第二。先行词为67 rocket launching missions，作of的宾语，关系代词为which。故填which。 2．(2024·广西河池市高考模拟)Generally，there are over a dozen of regional cuisines in China，among __which__ the most popular ones are called Eight Famous Cuisines. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：一般来说，中国有十几个地方菜系，其中最受欢迎的被称为八大菜系。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词cuisines，指物，关系词在定语从句中作介词among的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．(2024·浙江省县域教研联盟高三5月模拟)The first poem that I ever fell in love with was Edgar Allan Poe's “The Raven，”__whose__ often quoted phrase “nevermore”seems to tell much about Americans as they will “nevermore”willingly read poetry. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：我爱上的第一首诗是埃德加·爱伦·坡的《乌鸦》，这首诗经常被引用的那句“再也不”似乎说明了很多关于美国人的事情，因为他们“再也不”愿意读诗了。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词The Raven，关系词在从句作定语，应用whose。故填whose。 4．(2024·福建省漳州市高考模拟)Through this exploration，it sought to arouse the shared memories and emotions of the Chinese people，creating collective experiences __which/that__ produced everlasting memories with audiences. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：通过这种探索，它试图唤起中国人的共同记忆和情感，创造集体体验，让观众产生永恒的记忆。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词which/that引导的定语从句，先行词experiences在从句中作主语成分。故填which/that。 5．(2024·安徽省芜湖市5月统测)“I want to leave the soon­to­be­lost yinsong to the world and to those __who__ are true lovers of poetry before I leave the world，”Yeh Chia­ying said. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：叶嘉莹说：“在我离开这个世界之前，我想把即将失去的吟歌留给这个世界，留给那些真正热爱诗歌的人。”空处引导定语从句，先行词those，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。 6．(2024·安徽省京师联盟高三三模)Li Wei's passion for preserving the historical significance of ancient buildings aligns with the mission of the National Heritage Foundation，__which__ is dedicated to the protection and promotion of China's rich architectural legacy (遗产)． 解析：考查定语从句。句意：李伟对保护古建筑历史意义的热情与国家遗产基金会的使命一致，该基金会致力于保护和推广中国丰富的建筑遗产。此空为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词the National Heritage Foundation为一个基金会，指的是物，所以使用关系代词which。故填which。 7．(2024·浙江省宁波市高三一模)Tai Chi is often practised in groups or classes，__where__ students learn from a qualified instructor. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：太极拳通常在小组或班级中练习，学生们从合格的教练那里学习。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词groups or classes，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 8．(2024·湖南省新高考教学教研联盟高三第二次联考)I chose a hotel in the “industrial park”，__where__ the coexistence of advanced manufacturing and natural beauty was most evident，as it was situated on the edge of a scenic lake，embraced by a vibrant landscape. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the “industrial park”，根据句意，应用关系副词where引导从句，作地点状语。故填where。 9．(2024·湖南省岳阳市高三二模)A survey from 2015 to 2018 showed that the city is home to 108 classical gardens，57 of __which__ are in the historical neighborhood of Gusu district. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：从2015年至2018年的一项调查显示，该市有108座古典园林，其中57座位于姑苏区的历史街区。分析句子可知，空处和空前的57 of构成“数词＋of＋关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词108 classical gardens作补充说明，先行词指物，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 10．(2024·江苏省泰州市高三一模)What they want to seek is a spiritual world in their mind __where__ nature provides exactly basic elements. 解析：考查定语从句引导词。句意：他们想要寻找的是一个心灵的精神世界，在这个世界里，大自然恰好提供了基本的元素。分析可知，“________ nature provides exactly basic elements”为之前“a spiritual world”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 11．(2024·湖南益阳调研) Local residents have welcomed the reopening of roadside businesses，__which__ often supply goods at lower prices. 解析：句意为：当地居民欢迎路边摊的重新开放，这些路边摊通常供应价格较低的商品。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词roadside businesses，指物，在从句中作主语，故填which。 12．Alibaba isn't the only company __that__ introduces hightech hotels. 解析：句意为：阿里巴巴不是唯一一家推行高科技宾馆的公司。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词company，从句缺少主语，由于先行词被the only修饰，不能用which，故填that。 13．(2024·天津南开区二模)Detectives are investigating the company，three of __whose__ senior executives have already been under arrest. 解析：句意为：侦探们正在调查这家公司，公司的三名高管已经被捕。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且senior executives与先行词company之间为所属关系，表示“公司的高管”，应用whose引导，故填whose。 14．During the visit，I tasted various delicious local foods，among __which__ I liked seafood most. 解析：句意为：在游览期间，我品尝了各种各样的当地美食，其中我最喜欢海鲜。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限定性定语从句，指代先行词local foods，在从句中作介词among的宾语，故填which。 15．(2024·湖南长郡中学月考)Unusually，high passive exposure—2.1 hours per day or more—was particularly associated with sleep disturbance，especially when it was adult shows to __which__ the kids were exposed. 解析：句意为：不同寻常的是，每天2.1小时或更多的高强度的被动接触与睡眠障碍密切相关，特别是在儿童观看成人节目时。此处定语从句修饰先行词adult shows，且关系词位于介词to后，故填which。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2024·安徽省淮北市高三二模)Walking into the Suzhou Art Museum in Suzhou，Jiangsu province，the eyes of visitors are immediately drawn to an artwork hanging high on the wall __1__ describes a vivid and lifelike cat，__2__(give)the surface impression of a contemporary art piece. “Viewers mistake it __3__ an oil painting at__4__(one)sight.We hope to fill the traditional craft with contemporary expressions，”says Zhang Fan，48，one of the creators of the piece. Next to the artwork __5__(be)two Su embroidery(苏绣)works coping with abstract photos taken by US photographer Michael Yamashita.All of these works are produced by Zhang and his mother，Zhang Meifang，78，__6__ master embroiderer who created the collision piece in cooperation with __7__(establish)physicist Tsung­dao Lee.In 2005，the Zhangs set up an embroidery innovative center，applying the ancient techniques of silk thread to modern art forms，including oil paintings，wall paintings，sculpted __8__(relief)and photos. Su embroidery，known for its complicated techniques，elegant style and bright colors，__9__(typical)features birds，flowers，cats，landscapes，and figures.Most embroiderers in Jiangsu concentrate on Su embroidery，making __10__ popular among both the upper class and the public for its delicate needlework. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了苏绣的特点、技艺以及艺术影响。 1．that/which　考查定语从句。句意：走进江苏省苏州市的苏州美术馆，参观者的目光立刻被挂在墙上的一件艺术品吸引住了，这件艺术品描绘了一只生动逼真的猫，给人的第一印象是一件当代艺术品。空白处及之后的内容为定语从句，先行词为an artwork，指物，在从句中作主语，所以可填入关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。 2．giving　考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。空白处应为非谓语动词作状语，give与逻辑主语an artwork之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应使用现在分词形式giving。故填giving。 3．as/for　考查介词。句意：观众一眼就误以为是油画。mistake...as或mistake...for为固定短语，意为“把……错认为……”，符合句意。故填as/for。 4．first　考查固定短语。句意：同上。at first sight为固定短语，意为“乍一看；一看到……就”。故填first。 5．are　考查时态。句意：艺术品旁边是两幅苏绣作品，与美国摄影师Michael Yamashita拍摄的抽象照片相呼应。这是一个倒装结构，空白处应为谓语动词，句子描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语two Su embroidery works为复数形式，所以be动词应使用are。故填are。 6．a　考查不定冠词。句意：这些作品均由张及其78岁的母亲张美芳创作，张美芳是一位大师级刺绣师，她与著名物理学家李政道合作创作了这幅撞色作品。master embroiderer为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且master发音为辅音音素开头，所以应使用不定冠词a。故填a。 7．established　考查形容词。句意：同上。空白处之后的physicist为名词，所以空白处应使用形容词作定语对其进行修饰，establish表示“著名的；已建立的”含义的形容词形式为established。故填established。 8．reliefs　考查名词。句意：2005年，张氏母子成立了刺绣创新中心，将古老的丝线技艺运用到现代艺术形式中，包括油画、壁画、浮雕和照片。空白处在句子中作宾语使用名词，sculpted relief意为“浮雕”，为可数名词，此处指的不止一件浮雕作品，所以应使用复数形式。故填reliefs。 9．typically　考查副词。句意：苏绣以其复杂的技艺、优雅的风格和鲜艳的色彩而闻名，通常以花鸟、猫、山水、人物为特色。空白处之后的features为动词，所以空白处应使用副词对其进行修饰，typical的副词形式为typically。故填typically。 10．it　考查代词。句意：江苏的大多数刺绣师都专注于苏绣，因其精致的针法而在上层阶级和公众中广受欢迎。空白处所填词指代的是前面的Su embroidery，所以应使用代词it。故填it。 Ⅲ.阅读理解 (2024·山东省高三二模)One day I typed into ChatGPT all about my upset feelings and it instantly responded，offering a list of practical advice.Nowadays millions of people are already turning to ChatGPT and specialist therapy (治疗) chatbots for convenient and inexpensive mental health support. Some experts say this is a boon．After all，AI，undisturbed by embarrassment and burnout，might be able to express empathy (同理心) more openly and tirelessly than humans.But others worry about the consequences of people seeking emotional support from machines that can only pretend to care.Some even wonder if the rise of so­called empathetic AI might change the way we interact with one another.Indeed，empathy is one of our species' defining qualities，developing as it did in pace with social interaction. One recent analysis about empathy looked at 52 studies published between 1980 and 2019，which shows that the empathiser must first be able to recognize how the other person is feeling.They must also be affected by those emotions and differentiate between themselves and the other person，grasping that the other person's feelings aren't their own while still being able to imagine their experience. On the first point，in recent years，AI­powered chatbots have made progress in their ability to read human emotions，most powered by large language models (LLMs) that work by predicting which words are most likely to appear together based on training data.In this way，LLMs like ChatGPT can seemingly identify our feelings and respond appropriately most of the time.But when it comes to the other criteria，AI still misses the mark in many ways.Empathy is interpersonal，with continued feedback helping to perfect the empathiser's response，which also requires some degree of intuitive (直觉的) awareness of an individual and their situation. All of this helps to explain conversations like the ones I had with ChatGPT.At the end of the day，despite talking to multiple chatbots online，I did what I knew I had to do all along：I picked up my phone and called a friend. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI聊天机器人在提供心理支持方面的利弊，以及与人类真正同理心的差距。 1．What does the underlined word “boon”in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Trap. B．Prize. C．Blessing. D．Challenge. C　词句猜测题。根据第二段的“After all，AI，undisturbed by embarrassment and burnout，might be able to express empathy (同理心) more openly and tirelessly than humans.(毕竟，人工智能不受尴尬和倦怠的影响，可能比人类更公开、更不知疲倦地表达同理心)”可知，这里提到人工智能因为不受尴尬和疲惫的影响，可能在表达同理心上比人类更开放、不知疲倦，因此对于某些专家来说，这是人工智能在心理健康支持方面的优势，是一种好事。所以boon在这里意为“好事，益处”。故选C。 2．What does the recent analysis show about empathy? A．It calls for clear communication. B．It starts with emotion identification. C．It rules out individual difference. D．It depends on rich imagination. B　细节理解题。根据第三段的“One recent analysis about empathy looked at 52 studies published between 1980 and 2019，which shows that the empathiser must first be able to recognize how the other person is feeling.(最近一项关于移情的分析对1980年至2019年间发表的52项研究进行了研究，结果表明，移情者必须首先能够识别对方的感受)”可知，关于同理心的最近分析表明，同理心的首要条件是能够识别另一个人的感受。故选B。 3．What can AI do according to Paragraph 4? A．Provide data­driven feedback. B．Recognize one's real desire. C．Update large language models. D．Predict one's behavior by intuition. A　细节理解题。根据第四段的“On the first point，in recent years，Al­powered chatbots have made progress in their ability to read human emotions，most powered by large language models (LLMs) that work by predicting which words are most likely to appear together based on training data.In this way，LLMs like ChatGPT can seemingly identify our feelings and respond appropriately most of the time.(关于第一点，近年来，Al驱动的聊天机器人在读取人类情绪的能力方面取得了进展，最有力的是大型语言模型(LLM)，该模型通过根据训练数据预测哪些单词最有可能出现在一起。这样，像ChatGPT这样的LLM似乎可以识别我们的感受，并在大多数时候做出适当的反应)”可知，人工智能如ChatGPT能够识别我们的情感并做出适当的反应，这是基于大量语言模型对数据的预测能力，即能够提供数据驱动的反馈。故选A。 4．What does the author think of ChatGPT? A．Its development should be sped up. B．Its intelligence is winning more favor. C．Its application should be strictly managed. D．Its artificial kindness is no match for humans'.D　推理判断题。根据第四段的“But when it comes to the other criteria，AI still misses the mark in many ways.Empathy is interpersonal，with continued feedback helping to perfect the empathiser's response，which also requires some degree of intuitive (直觉的) awareness of an individual and their situation.(但当谈到其他标准时，人工智能在许多方面仍然没有达到目标。移情是一种人际关系，持续的反馈有助于完善移情者的反应，这也需要对个人及其处境有一定程度的直觉意识)”以及最后一段的“At the end of the day，despite talking to multiple chatbots online，I did what I knew I had to do all along：I picked up my phone and called a friend.(一天结束时，尽管我在网上与多个聊天机器人交谈，但我还是做了我一直知道必须做的事：拿起手机给一个朋友打了电话)”可知，作者在与多个聊天机器人交谈后，最终还是选择给朋友打电话寻求情感支持。这表明，虽然ChatGPT能提供一定的帮助，但在作者看来，它的人工善意仍然不能与真实的人类情感交流相比。由此可推知，作者认为它的人工善意无法与人类的相比。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$