课时作业7 情态动词和虚拟语气（word练习）-【名师大课堂】2025年新高考英语艺术生总复习必备训练册

课时作业(七) 　 Ⅰ.语法运用 1．But the firefighters failed to save the dog's owner because if they __had__walked__(walk) onto the mud，they would have sunk，too. 解析：句意为：但是消防队员未能救出狗的主人，因为，如果他们踏上淤泥的话，他们也会沉下去。此处是if引导的非真实条件句，应用虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，所以用过去完成时态，故填had walked。 2．—Cathy burst into tears at the news that she was turned down by the company，but I meant no harm. —I would rather you __hadn't__told__ (tell) her about it. 解析：句意为：——凯茜听到她被那家公司拒绝的消息后，放声大哭，但是我并没有恶意。——我宁愿你没有告诉她这件事情。根据句意可知，此处表示“宁愿没有……”，would rather后引导的宾语从句为虚拟语气，根据上句得知，此处表示对过去的虚拟，应用过去完成时，故填hadn't told。 3．If I __were__(be) at home in Cambodia，I would have to go outdoors. 解析：句意为：如果我在柬埔寨的家里，我就不得不出门。根据主句的谓语would have to go可知此处是if引导的非真实条件句，与现在的事实相反，从句用一般过去时态，be动词的过去式用were，故填were。 4．I am sorry I am very busy now.If I __had__(have) time，I would certainly go to the movies with you. 解析：句意为：对不起，我现在太忙了。如果有时间我肯定和你一块儿去看电影。本句中If引导的从句表示对现在的情况进行假设，主句用“would＋动词原形”，从句用一般过去时，故填had。 5．According to the local law，no one __shall__ enter the building site without permission. 解析：句意为：根据当地法律，未经许可任何人不得进入这个建筑工地。根据law可知，此处应填shall，shall用于法律、规定等，意为“必须”。 6．Jane could __have__come__ (come) to the party，but she could not find the exact time. 解析：句意为：简本来能来参加聚会，但是她没能找到确切的时间。根据but分句中的could not find可知，此处指与过去事实相反的假设。could have done表示“本可以做某事，但实际没做”。故填have come。 7．He was greatly shocked at the man's taking office.Never did he expect that the voters __should__ be so unreasonable. 解析：句意为：他对那个人的就职大为震惊。他从未料到选民竟然如此不理智。根据前面的greatly shocked可知，他感到出乎意料，故填should，表示惊讶和意外，意为“竟然”。 8．It's time that we __did/should__do__ (do) something quickly. 解析：It's time that...意为“该做……的时候了”，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用动词的过去式或should do，故填did/ should do。 9．If teens see that their physical condition is causing them to perform badly，they may __be__motivated__ (motivate) to do other activities to get healthy. 解析：句意为：如果青少年看到他们的身体素质导致自身表现不佳，或许会激励他们去做其他的活动，以保持身体健康。情态动词may后用动词原形，且they和motivate之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态。故填be motivated。 10．My shopping list was long and my wallet was light.Still，I needed to get a week's food for my family.I parked my car，looked down at my list，and hoped I __could__ pay for it all. 解析：根据语境可知，“我”要买的东西很多，但钱很少，所以此处表示“我”希望自己能够买下清单上的所有东西；hoped后接宾语从句，谓语动词用一般过去时。故填could。 Ⅱ.语法填空 Keeping a diary in English is an __1__ (effect) way to improve our English writing abilities.__2__ (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes less time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. If we persist in this practice，__3__ (gradual) we will learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many difficulties. In the first place，__4__ happens that we have trouble __5__ (express) our minds with appropriate words and phrases. Second, there exist Chinese idiomatic __6__ (phrase) but it is extremely hard for us to put them in English properly. My suggestion is that a notebook __7__ (keep) and a Chinese­English dictionary be __8__ our reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook __9__ consult our dictionary then. In short, I firmly believe that keeping a diary __10__ (contribute) a lot to the development of our writing skills. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了用英语写日记对提高英语写作技能具有的重要作用，并给出了一些相关建议。 1．effective　句意为：用英语写日记是提高我们的英语写作能力的有效方法。此处应用形容词来修饰名词way。故填effective。 2．Compared　句意为：与其他的写作形式相比，它篇幅更短，耗时更少。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语形式，it与compare之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填Compared。 3．gradually　句意为：如果我们坚持这样做，渐渐地，我们将学会如何用英语表达自己。此处表示“逐渐地”，应用副词作状语，修饰整个主句。故填gradually。 4．it　句意为：首先，会有找不到合适的词语来表达我们想法的情况发生。it happens that...是固定句型，意为“会发生……情况；碰巧”，it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。故填it。 5．expressing　句意见上一题解析。have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，是固定搭配。故填expressing。 6．phrases　句意为：第二，汉语中存在一些惯用语，但是我们很难把它们准确地翻译成英语。由复数形式的谓语动词exist和语境可知，此处应用名词复数形式，故填phrases。 7．be kept　句意为：我的建议是记笔记并在手边放一本汉英词典。suggestion意为“提议，建议”，其后接that从句(表语从句或同位语从句)时，从句用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形，其中should可省略)。notebook和keep之间是被动关系，故填be kept。 8．within　句意见上一题解析。within one's reach意为“伸手可及的”，为固定表达，故填介词within。 9．and　句意为：当我们遇到困难时，我们可以先把它记在笔记本上，然后查词典。consult和put it down并列，故填连词and。 10．contributes　句意为：总之，我坚信写日记对我们写作技能的提升有很大的帮助。that后的宾语从句中，主语为动名词短语，表单数含义，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，此处描述客观事实，从句应用一般现在时，故填contributes。 Ⅲ.七选五 (2023·浙江1月)With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it's comfortable and relaxing.Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible. Plan ahead.Most long­distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.__1__ But no matter when you travel, it's a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. Use a travel agent.Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double­check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations.A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets.__2__ Then you won't have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. Bring a blanket.When you're riding on trains，you won't be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one.__3__ In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. Arrive early.Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.__4__．Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. Have fun.__5__．Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window.To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3，600 (the number of seconds in an hour) by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile (the distance between two mileposts)．If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile, you're going about 67.92 mph. A．Train trips aren't for impatient types. B．You'll have views from both sides of the train. C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. D．That's particularly true during busy summer months. E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one. F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom. G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that's right next to the diner. 语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——旅行与交通——坐长途火车旅行的注意事项 1．D　空前的句子提供的信息是“大多数长途火车票，尤其是卧铺票，很快就会卖完”，D项“夏天旺季的时候尤其如此”符合语境。解题时，可以着重关注选项中的代词That和空后一句中的连词But，以帮助厘清段落中的逻辑。 2．G　空前的句子主要陈述代理人能给旅行者带来的好处：可以帮忙订到打折票。选项G则陈述了另外一个好处：可以帮忙订到离就餐车厢近的车厢。而空后的句子是对选项G的进一步补充：这样的话你就不需要在移动的火车上每天三次穿过车厢去就餐。解题时，可以着重关注选项中的副词also和空后一句中的副词Then，以帮助厘清段落中的逻辑。 3．C　从空后句子中的“in particular”可以看出，这句话是对空处的进一步解释。选项C“车厢中的温度经常很难控制”和空后的句子“尤其是夏天，空调会使车厢变得很冷”在逻辑上吻合。 4．E　空前的句子提供的信息是“很多火车一天只有一个班次，甚至有的火车一周只有三个班次，所以错过一班车简直是一种灾难”，选项E“如果要坐下一班次的车，你可能得等超过24小时”是对空前句子的进一步解释。 5．A　空后的句子罗列了一些在火车上可以做的事情，比如读书、编织、做填字游戏、看窗外的风景，甚至计算火车的速度，这些都是需要耐心的活动，所以空处应该起到引出这些活动的作用。A项“火车旅行不适合没耐心的人”可以很好地实现这一功能。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$