高中英语核心词汇解析及拓展训练十三（字母UVW） 导学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语核心词汇解析及拓展训练十三 字母UVW部分 1. unique adj.独特的；独一无二的 【典例背诵】 ①Chinese calligraphy is an art unique to Asian cultures.中国书法是亚洲文化中独特的一门艺术。 ②(2018•北京高考书面表达)外国学生一到茶馆，就对独特的茶壶和茶杯留下了深刻印象。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 2.urge vt. 催促；极力主张；驱策 n.强烈的欲望；冲动 【用法】 (1)urge sb. to do sth.　　　　　催促某人做某事 urge/it is urged that ... (should) do sth. 极力主张……做某事 (2)feel/have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事 (3)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的；急迫的 urgency n. 紧急；迫切 【练习】 ①It is strongly urged by students that the library _________________(keep) open during the weekend. ②I never felt _________ urge to learn any sign language before. 3. undertake vt. 承担，保证；从事；同意； 【用法】 (1)undertake the responsibility承担责任 (2)undertake to do 保证/同意/承若做某事 【练习】He __________ ______ pay the debt in five days.(undertake ) 【典例背诵】 ①She undertook the task of monitoring the elections. 她承担了监督选举的任务。 ②He undertook to edit the text himself. 他承诺亲自编辑正文。 ③If you undertake the project, you are bound to encounter difficulties.  如果你承接这项工程的话，免不了会遇到许多困难。 4.view n.风景；视野；观点；见解 vt. 观看；注视 【用法】 辨清楚 写出下列句中view的含义 ①He climbed up to the top of the church tower to get a better view of the entire city._______ ②In this lecture, I can only give you a purely personal view of how we can live life to the full._____ ③If we sit near the front of the bus, we’ll have a better view._______ ④People came from all over the world to view her work.________ 理明白 (1) n. come into view　　　　看得见；进入视野 have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览 in one’s view＝from one’s point of view 在某人看来 in view 看得见，在考虑中 in view of鉴于，考虑到 (2) v. view ...as ... 把……看作…… 【练习】 ①When the old man opened the window, a stranger with a high hat came _________view. ②When the car was first made, the design was viewed __________ highly original. ③(2017·北京高考书面表达) On the top of Mount Tai, _____________________________________________ .在泰山之巅，你可以饱览美丽的日出。 【典例背诵】 ①Jill and I have somewhat different views on the election. Jill和我对这次选举持不同的态度。 ②He wants to find work, but he has nothing particular in view. 他想找工作，但心中没有什么具体目标。 ③In view of the weather, the event will now be held indoors. 由于天气的缘故，这项赛事将在室内进行。 5.violate vt.违反(约定、法律等); 扰乱(平静、安宁等);侵犯(隐私、权利等) 【用法】 (1) vt. violate one’s privacy 侵犯隐私 violate the regulations 违反规定 (2) n. violation 【典例背诵】 ①The sound of a plane violated the peace of the valley. 飞机的声音打破了山谷的宁静。 6. vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的 【用法】 be vital for/to sth.　　　　　　　　对……极为重要 It is vital that ...(should) do sth. ……是十分重要的 It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要 【练习】 【典例背诵】 ①As everyone can see, education is vital to/for the country’s future. 正如每个人可以看到的,教育对国家的未来是至关重要的。 ②If we are to make a difference in life, it’s vital that we (should) begin with small things.如果我们要想在生活中发挥作用，重要的一点就是我们应该从小事开始。 7.voice n. 嗓音, 歌声, 说话声；意见；发言权，发言人；语态 vt.吐露, 表达 【用法】 (1) n. at the top of one’s voice 扯着嗓子 raise one’s voice 提高嗓音 raise one’s voice against sth. 为抗议谋事而大声疾呼 have a voice in 在...中有发言权 the active/ passive voice 主动/被动语态 (2) vt. 表达, 吐露 【典例背诵】 ① I had to raise my voice to make myself heard.为了让对方听清楚，我不得不提高嗓音。 ②Employees should have a voice in the decision-making process.雇员在决策的过程中应该有发言权。 8. vain adj.徒劳的；枉然的 【典例背诵】 ①We tried many ways to argue him into accepting our advice, but in vain.我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳。 ②翻译：His efforts to raise money for his program were in vain, because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. _______________________________________________________________________ 9. via prep.经由(某个地方)；凭借；通过 【典例背诵】 You can access our homepage via the Internet.你可以通过因特网进入我们主页。 答案： 20. 他为他的计划筹集资金的努力是徒劳的，因为没有人表现出从他们的口袋里拿出一分钱的意愿。 10.variety n.多样性，变化 【用法】 (1)a variety of 各种各样 (2) various 各种各样的， (3)vary from…to 变化 (4) vary with随着…变化 【练习】 ①More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great ________(vary)of goods. ② Tents come in ___________(vary) shapes and sizes.  帐篷有各种各样的形状和大小。 【典例背诵】 ①A great variety of books were recently published. 最近出版了各种各样的书。 ②People like reading for various reasons. 人们喜欢读书的原因各种各样。 2 The color of the sky varies with the season. 颜色随季节而变化。 11.waste vt. 浪费，错过(机会)；滥用，糟蹋；废物,废料 adj.废弃的，荒废的 【用法】 (1) vt. waste sth. on sth. 浪费...在... waste sth. (in) doing sth. 浪费...在做... waste an opportunity to do 浪费干...的机会 (2) n. It is a waste of time doing...干...是浪费时间 (3) adj. waste water/paper 废水/纸 【练习】 ① Let’s not waste an opportunity ___________(see) the children. ② You’re wasting your time ___________(try) to explain it to him. ③It’s a waste of time ___________(cry) crying over the spilt milk. 【典例背诵】 ① Letting the water run while you brush your teeth wastes water. 刷牙的时候水还流淌很浪费水。 2 Mexican cookery is economical, and nothing goes to waste. 墨西哥烹饪注重俭省，任何东西都不会浪费。 12.wear vt. 穿着；戴着；蓄,留(发/须等) vi. & vt. 磨损 vt. 面带,流露(表情/态度等) 【用法】 (1) v. wear glasses/ long hair 戴眼镜/留长发 wear a smile 面带微笑 (2) wear out 磨破磨损；使疲乏 【练习】 ① _________________________ from looking after her elderly mother. 照料年迈的母亲把她累得筋疲力尽。 ② _________________________ on his face. 他脸上流露出迷惑不解的神情。 【典例背诵】 ① The stones have been worn smooth by the constant flow of water.不停的流水把这些石头冲刷的光滑。 ② Mother always complains that children wear out their shoes very quickly.母亲总是抱怨孩子们很快就把鞋子穿烂了。 13.weigh v.称...的重量；斟酌,权衡；重量是...重 【用法】 (1) weigh sth. in one’s hand 用手掂估某物的重量 weigh one’s words 斟酌字句 weigh the advantages and disadvantages 权衡利弊 (2) n. weight gain/put on weight 体重增加 lose weight 减肥 【练习】 ①They ___________________________________before making the decision.他们权衡利弊之后才做出决定。 ② She ________ (weigh) 60 kilos. 【典例背诵】 ① Mary wanted to weigh herself to see how much she weighed. 玛丽想称体重看看重了多少。 ②These goods are about 50 kilograms in weight and they are sold by weight. 这些货物大约50千克重，按重量出售。 14.well v.(水等)涌出喷出adv.远远地，大大地 【用法】 (1) v. well out/up 溢出/涌出 as well 也；还 as well as 与...一样好；除...之外 well off 富裕 比较级better off may/ might as well do sth 做某事也不妨... 【练习】 ①Tearing __________(well) up in his eyes, he begged her to forgive him. ② His wife as well as his children _____________(invite) to the party. ③ Now that you have a good chance, you might as well ____________(make) full use of it ④ His family is much _________(well) off than us. 【典例背诵】 ① Water welled out from a crack in the pipe.水从水管的裂口喷出来。 ②The company manufactures beauty products and markets medicines as well.这公司生产美容产品，也出售药。 ③ I wish I could speak English as well as he can.我希望自己英语讲得跟他一样好。 ④It was well after 12 o’clock when they arrived.他们到达时早过了12点。 15. will v.(情态动词) 将要,一定 n. 意志,决心；遗嘱 【用法】 (1) n. an iron will/ a will of iron 钢铁般的意志 at will 随意地 against one’s will不情愿;违心的 make a will 立遗嘱 under one’s will 按照...的遗嘱 (2) adj. willing (人、行为等)自发的；出于自愿的 be willing to do sth. 乐意干某事 【练习】 ①They could travel ________ will, and the clock was not their master. ② It is not the way to educate a child by making him do things ___________ his will. 【典例背诵】 ①Failure will never discourage a man with a strong will.失败决不会使意志坚强的人泄气。 ②They are willing to provide us with food and vegetables.他们愿意为我们提供食品和蔬菜。 3 Nothing is impossible to a willing mind/ heart. 世上无难事只怕有心人。 16.wind n.风,气流 v. (wound, wound) (把某物)卷在(人、物上)；缠绕；迂回 【用法】 (1) gentle/light wind 微风 heavy/strong wind 强风 (2) wind ...around... 把...缠在...上面 wind one’s way 蜿蜒而行 【练习】 ①Wind the bandage ___________ your finger. ②She wound her way _______________________. 她绕来绕去穿过了人群。 ③ The wool ______________(wind) into a small ball. 【典例背诵】 ①The wind is getting up.风势越来越大 ② The path wound along the riverside. 这条小河沿河岸蜿蜒伸展。 ③ I forgot to wind my watch. What time is it? 我忘了上手表了。现在几点了？ 17. withdraw (withdrew; withdrawn) vt.提取（存款） vt./vi. 缩回；撤退；收回（话语/意见） 【用法】 (1)withdraw…from..提取；缩回；撤退 (2)withdraw from school 退学 【练习】 ①(2015•江苏高考) When he selects news of the other kind, he usually __________ (withdraw)from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world. 当他选择其他类型的新闻时，他往往会从具有威胁性的现实世界转向充满梦想的理想世界。 【典例背诵】 ①I want to withdraw $40 from our bank account.我想从我们的银行账户提取$40。 ②Government troops were forced to withdraw.政府部队被迫撤走了。 ③He talked to us for an hour and then withdrew.他跟我们谈了一小时的话就走了。 18.witness vt.当场见到；目击；见证 vi.为……作证(to) n．目击者；证人；证据 【用法】 (1)witness sth./that ...　　目击……；见证…… witness to (doing) sth. 证实/证明(做)某事 (2)a witness of/to sth. ……的目击者/见证人/证明/证据 【练习】 ①(2018•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)The past ten years___________(witness) the efforts of our headmaster and his achievements of developing sports business. …….发展体育事业的成就。 ②He described________________________(他所看到的) in China, which aroused much interest among his countrymen…..引起了同胞极大的兴趣。 【典例背诵】 ①The last 30 years has witnessed the rapid development of China.过去的30年见证了中国的快速发展。 ②The year 1949 witnessed the founding of the People’s Republic of China.1949年见证了中华人民共和国的成立。 19.word n.字，单词；言语；诺言；消息 【用法】 a word of advice一句忠告 have a word with 与...谈一谈 have words with与...争论 in a word 总之 in other words 也就是说 break one’s word 食言 keep one’s word 遵守诺言 【练习】 ①I was very angry and ____________________ him over money.我很生气，和他就钱的事吵了起来。 ②____________________, good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other.总之，认真倾听确实能使我们拉近彼此的距离。 【典例背诵】 ①He promised to help and was as good as his word.他答应帮忙，并且说话算数。 ②He has broken his word so many times that I cannot trust him any more.他已食言多次，我再也不能相信他了。 ③Word came that he died yesterday. 消息传来说他昨天死了。 20.worth prep. 值得的；相当于……的价值 n. 价值；作用 adj. [古]值钱的 【用法】 (1)be worth （2）worthless无价值的，无用的 worth一般只作表语，可用程度副词well修饰 【练习】 ①The book is so good that it is worth __________ (read) a second time. ②The local museum is well worth ___________(visit). 【典例背诵】 ①Although we take an hour a day for exercise, it is well worth it.虽然我们每天都要锻炼一小时，但一切都是值得的。 ②The reference book is worth buying, because it is a great help for your study.这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。 ③Without music, life is not worth. —Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche. 没有音乐，生命是没有价值的。——弗里德里希·威廉·尼采 21.worthwhile adj.有价值的，值得花时间的 【用法】 It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. 值得做某事 【练习】 ①It is worthwhile ________ _______(make)an appointment before you go. 【典例背诵】 ①Follow these tips, and your time spent doing research on the Internet will be much more worthwhile. 遵循这些窍门的话，你在网上做研究所花的时间就会更加值得。 ②Education is a worthwhile cause.教育是有价值的事业。 22..worthy adj.值得的 【用法】 (1)worthy 可以作定语和表语 (2)be worthy 【练习】　 ①This article is well worth reading, but it is not worthy_________(translate). 【典例背诵】 ①Lei Feng is a worthy man.雷锋是一个高尚的人。 ②The article in the magazine is worthy of attention.杂志里的这篇文章值得注意。 答案：1. ②On arriving at the tea room, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups. 2.①(should) be kept ②an 3. undertook t 4. into; as; you can have a good view of beautiful sunrise. 10.①variety ② various 11.①to see ②trying ③crying 12.①She was worn out ②He wore a puzzled look 13.①weighed the advantages and disadvantages ②weighs 14.①welling ②was invited ③make ④better 15.①at ②against 16.①around ②through the crowds ③was wound 17. withdrew 18. ①has witnessed ②what he had witnessed 19:①have words with ②In a word 20.① reading ②a visit/visiting 21.to make/making 22.① of being translated/ to be translated 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$