高中英语核心词汇解析及拓展训练十（字母R） 导学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语核心词汇解析及拓展训练十 字母R部分 1.request n.& vt.请求；要求 (1)make a request for sth./that ...　　请求/要求…… at one’s request 应某人的要求 (2)request sb.to do sth.请求/要求某人做某事 request that ... (should) do sth. 请求…… It is requested that ...(should) do sth.据要求……　 desire that ... (should) do sth. 希望……做某事 【练习】 ①All the students are requested ___________ (get) involved in the activity. ②It _________________ (request) that all the visitors should not take pictures of the exhibitions. 2 He was there ________________/______________________ . 他按照经理的要求到了那里。 3 老师要求我们为考试做好充分的准备。(request that ...) 【典例背诵】 Our teacher ___________________________________________________ the exam 2.requirement n．要求；必要条件；需要 【用法】 (1)meet/satisfy one’s requirements　满足/达到某人的要求 (2)require vt. 需要；要求 need/want/require doing/to be done 需要做 require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事 require that ... (should) do sth. 要求……做某事 It is required that ... (should) do sth. 据要求…… 【练习】 ①I think my background meets the ______________ of this position.  ②【典例背诵】All the students are required _________ (gather) at the school gate at 7：00 am and then go to the park on foot. ③These trees are so young that they require________________________(look) after carefully. 2 It is required that the composition ___________________(relate)to the students’ life. 3. recommend vt. 推荐；建议 【用法】 (1)recommend doing sth.　　　　建议做某事 recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 recommend that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事 recommend ... to sb. 把……推荐给某人 recommend sb.as/to be ... 推荐某人为…… (2)recommendation n. 推荐；介绍信；建议 【练习】 ①I will be glad if you can consider my_________________________ (recommend)． ②Were I three years younger than I am now, I would strongly recommend that I ______________ more practical and specific goals. ③I am writing to____________________________________. 我写这封信是为了推荐自己成为一名合格的志愿者。 4.remain v.保持;仍然是 (remains)n.剩余，残留物，遗迹 【用法】 remain + adj. remain + n. remain to be done有待;尚待(处理) it remains to be seen + wh-从句 【练习】 ①There’s only ten minutes_______(remain).只剩下十分钟了。 ②It remains________(see) whether she ’ll be fit enough to play in the finals.她的身体状况是否适合参加决赛,要以后才知道。 【典例背诵】 ①Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health remains poor.虽然他已经服用了很多药，但他的健康依然很差。 ②English will probably remain the international language.英语仍有可能是国际贸易的语言。 ③The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building remains now. 该宫殿在上世纪曾三次失火，现在原始的建筑物所剩无几。 ④The rest of his family remained in Europe. 他的家人留在了欧洲。 5.remark v.谈论;评论;说起 【用法】 remarks by/from出自...的话 remark on/upon/concerning谈论，评论 address/pass/utter a remark 作出评论 近：comment n.评论 opinion n.看法 派：remarkable adj.非凡的 【练习】 ①Anderson left the table, _________(remark) that he had some work to do.安德森离开桌子，说他还有事情要做。 ②She________(remark) that it was getting warmer and warmer. 她说天气变得越来越暖和了。 【典例背诵】 The guests remarked on/ upon her new dress. 来宾对她那件新衣服品头论足。 6.resemble v.类似;像 【用法】 resemble不可用被动语态和进行时 resemble in在..方面像 近be like像 反differ 不同 【练习】 She resembles her mother____________________________________.她性格像她的母亲，但样子不像。 【典例背诵】 ①Often the lives of writers resemble the lives of the characters they create. 通常，作者的生活和他们所创作的人物的生活非常相似。 ②He resembles his father closely.他和他父亲极其相像。 7.resist v. 抗拒;抵抗 【用法】 resist doing sth. 抵抗、抵制做某事 近oppose v.反对 obey v.服从 resistance n.反抗;抵制 【练习】 He ____________________his new car. 他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。 【典例背诵】 ①I just can’t resist chocolate. 我就是抵挡不住巧克力的诱惑。 ②I could hardly resist laughing. 我几乎忍不住要笑出声。 ③We couldn’t resist any longer.我们无力再抵抗了。 ④This resists rust.这种不易生锈。 8.reward n.报酬,报答;酬金 v.给予报酬,报答 【用法】 n. reward for对...的报酬，报答 V. reward for因...报酬，报答 in reward作为回报，作为奖赏([for名]对...的) Rewarding adj. 给予报偿的，值得的，有益的 award/reward/prize award v. &n.奖品；奖励(重在重大贡献)； reward v. & n. 奖赏，报酬(重在指回报)； prize n. 奖品/金（指在竞争/竞赛中或重大贡献获得的奖） 【练习】 ①The scientist ___________(reward) by the government for having made such a great contribution to the country.这位科学家因对国家做了这么大的贡献而受到奖励。 ②He was given ______reward for his service.他因他的贡献社授予奖章。 【典例背诵】 ①He worked without (any) hope of reward.他拼命工作期待得到任何报酬。 ②She offered a reward of $2，000 for information about her missing son.她悬赏2000美元征求关于她失踪的儿子的消息。 ③His effort was rewarded with remarkable success.他获得了非凡的成功，努力得到了回报。 9.root n.根源;根基;词根v.生根 【用法】 tree roots树根 get at [to] the root of ..追究.的根源，迫及的核心 近 base n.根基 origin n.起源 【练习】 (江苏真题)With mother’s words deeply_________(root) in my soul, I never doubted we would succeed. 母亲的话深深地根植于我的灵魂,我坚信我们一定会成功。 【典例背诵】 ①The root of the problem is that we didn’t have training. 问题的根源是我们当时的训练不够。 ②Words often come from the same root. 词常常有相同的词根。 ③It is rooted in national habits.它扎根于国民的习惯之中。 ④In Japan, May is the best season to root certain vegetables.在日本5月是播种某些蔬菜的最佳时节。 10.rough adj.粗糙的;(道路)崎岖的;粗略的;大致的 【用法】 be rough on/ with sb.待人粗暴 have a rough time处境艰难 rough weather 狂风暴雨的天气 反smooth adj. 平滑的 be rough on ...对...无同情心，粗暴对待 【练习】如此恶劣的天气使得驾车很困难。____________________________________ 【典例背诵】 ①Your hand was rough but strong and warm.你的手粗糙,但温暖有力。 ②I’ve a rough idea where he is.我大概知道他在哪里。 ③At a rough estimate, Nigeria is three times the size of Great Britain.粗略估计，尼日利亚是英国的三倍大。 ④The ship went down in rough seas.船在汹涌的波涛中沉没了。 11.ruin v.毁灭，破产 n.毁灭，破产，废墟 【用法】 fall into ruin/ go to ruin灭亡,衰落 in ruins成废墟的;严重受损 ruin指“使美好的事物失去优良的特性或特征，不能恢复” damage “损坏”,意味着“损坏后价值或效率降低”，一般是部分性的破坏。 destroy指“十分彻底的破坏”，常含“不能或很难修复”的意思。 【练习】 ① In fifteen terrible seconds a large city________________.在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟中。 ② The crops ___________ by the flood.洪水毁坏了庄稼。 【典例背诵】 ①The storm ruined the crops.暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。 ②I damaged my shoes in football practice today.今天练足球时我把鞋弄坏了。 ③The building was completely destroyed by fire.那座房子被火烧得一干二净。 12.random adj.任意的，随机的;n.随意，随机 【用法】 at random 任意地；随机地 【典例背诵】 Choose any number at random.随机抽取一个数字。 13.range n．种类；范围；幅度；界限v.(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列 【用法】 (1)a wide range of　　　　　范围广泛的；各种各样的 within/in range of 在……范围内 beyond one’s range 某人能力达不到的 out of range 在……范围外 (2)range from ... to ... 在……范围内变动 【练习】 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) Secondly, as a Chinese painting lover, I know ______________________. 其次，作为一个中国画爱好者，我知道各种各样的艺术作品。 【典例背诵】 ①Several cars are available within this price range. 在这个价格范围内，有好几种汽车可供选择。 ②There were 120 students whose ages ranged from 10 to 18.有120名学生，年龄在10至18岁之间。 14.reduce: v.减少，降低 【用法】 (1) reduce speed/costs/expenses减速/降低成本/减少开支 reduce ...to...使...变为(某个状态)，使...成为;迫使...,使不得不（常用被动） (2) decrease 减少；decline下降 (3)reduction n.缩减，减少 【练习】 Hunger reduced him to ______ (steal). 【典例背诵】 ①She reduced her weight by 5 kilograms.她体重减轻了5公斤。 ②The bombs reduced the city to ruins. 炸弹爆炸使得该城镇化为废墟。 15.refer: v.谈到，提及 【用法】 (1) refer to 查阅，提到，指的是 refer ... to ....把...提交给；把...委托给 (2) reference n.提及；参考 in/with/reference to关于，根据...而论 【练习】 ①My doctor ____ (refer) me to a specialist.我的一生让我去找一位专家诊治。 ②________________ your question about cost, the tickets for the film are 35 yuan each. 【典例背诵】 ①If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.如果你不知道这个单词的意思可以查阅字典。 ②The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.那位科学家在演讲中至少三次提到全球气候变暖。 ③It quickly became a standard reference book in the USA.在美国，它很快变成标准的参考书。 16.reflect vt.映射；反射；反映；思考vi.思考 【用法】 (1)reflect ... in ...　　　在……中映出……的影像 be reflected in 倒映在；反映在 reflect on/upon sth. 反思/认真思考某事 (2)reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像；沉思 on reflection 再三考虑 【练习】 ①It seems beautiful that the tall buildings___________ (reflect) in the lake around which there are many trees. ②(2019·江苏高考书面表达)What’s more, the traditional Chinese dress can’t _______________________. 更重要的是，传统的中国服装不能反映我们学校独特的文化。 【典例背诵】 ①Usually a child’s behaviour is a reflection of his family relationship and growth environment.通常，一个孩子的行为是他的家庭关系和生长环境的反映。 ②Reflecting on her volunteer experience, Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.回想她的志愿者经历，Tina为她和同事一起努力取得的成就而自豪。 17.relative n.亲戚；adj.相对的,关于...的 【用法】 (1) a near/distant relative近/远亲 be relative to 关于...的；和...有关系;和...相应的，随...的 (1) relatively adv.相对地；比较上地 (2) relativity n.有关系，相关性 【练习】 It is ______(relative) cold today. 【典例背诵】 ①She is living in relative poverty.她过着较为贫困的生活。 ②Supply is relative to demand.供给和需求是相互对应的。 ③He asked me some questions relative to my plans.他问了我一些与我的计划相关的问题。 18.relevant adj.有关的，切题的;有价值的,有意义的 【用法】 (1) be relevant to 与...有关; (2) relevantly adv.有关联地；切题地 (3) irrelevant adj.不相关的 (4) relevance n.联系 【练习】 In the exam, make sure that everything you write _______________ the question you have been asked. 在考试时一定要注意，你写的所有内容都要切合题意。 【典例背诵】 ① Her novel is still relevant today.她的小说今天仍有现实意义。 ②What he said has no direct relevance to the matter.他所说的话与眼下的事没有直接关系。 19.rule n.规则，条例；v.统治，支配 【用法】 (1)as a general rule 通常，一般而言 (2)rule out 排除，取消 (3)ruler n.尺子，统治者，管理者 【练习】 He has _______________ to rise early. 他已养成早期的习惯。 【典例背诵】 ①It’s against all rules and regulations.这违背了所有的规章制度。 ②At that time John ruled England. 当时是约翰统治着英格兰。 20. regard  v. 把……看作;看待;尊重   regards  n. 问候，致意；尊重   【用法】 (1) v. regard…as… 把...看作; 认为...是   (2) n. with/in regard to 关于，至于      (3) regarding prep.关于; 至于; 就…而论 【练习】 ①He _________________(regard) as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics. ②_______________________________________, I am afraid we are unable to offer you the job. 关于你最近的申请, 恐怕我们不能给你这个职位。 ③He has said nothing _____________(regard) your request. 【典例背诵】  ①Please give my best regards to your family. 代我向你家人问好。 ②After rounds of talks, both sides regarded the problem as settled. 经过几轮谈判,双方都认为问题已解决③ The voters hold her in high regard. 选民都很尊敬她。 4 He was driving without regard to speed limits. 他开着车, 根本不理会速度限制。 21. regardless a. 不顾，不加理会 拓展：regardless of = without considering/taking notice of 一般是客观上无法避免的事实，往往是不利的条件和因素 in spite of/despite 一般是主观上故意去忽视，有时往往是好的条件和因素 22. remind vt. 提醒，使记起 拓展：remind sb. of doing sth. 提醒某人做过某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人去做某事 remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 23. rob v. take property illegally 抢劫 【用法】 rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 steal sth. from sb. 偷某人某物 【拓展】 robber n.. 抢劫 robbery n. 强盗 【练习】 The passengers were robbed _______ all their money. 【典例背诵】 ① She robbed the man of his liberty. 她剥夺了那人的自由。 ② The serious disease robbed him of his strength and his health. 这次重病使他虚弱无力，失去了健康。 24. reply v. n. 回答；答复 【用法】（1）reply to… 对…作出回答/反映 （2）in reply to 回复，答复 【练习】 ①I am writing ______________ your letter of 1st June. 6月1号的来信收悉，现答复如下。 ②He __________________________ my letter. 他不曾回我的信 【典例背诵】 ①I am looking forward to your early reply.期待你的早日答复 25. responsibility n. 责任，负责 【用法】 （1）a sense of responsibility责任感 (2) undertake/take/shoulder/take up/bear responsibility 承担责任 (3) avoid taking (up) responsibility 推卸责任 (4) take responsibility for 对…负责 （2）responsible adj. 尽职的，承担责任的 be responsible for 对……负责 【练习】 ① He tried to _____________________________ for the task. 他试图回避对那件事负责。 ②Don't worry. If anything goes wrong, I'll it. 没关系，出了问题我兜着。 【典例背诵】  ① We should be responsible for our own actions. = we should take responsibility for our own actions. 我们应该对自己行为负责。 26. risk   n.危险；风险 vt.冒...的危险 【用法】 (1)at risk　　　　遭受危险；处境危险 at the risk of ...  冒着……的危险 run/take a risk=run /take risks冒险 run the risk (of doing sth.)  冒着(做某事的)危险；  有……的危险 put ... at risk  让……处于危险之中 (2)risk doing sth.  冒险做某事；冒……的危险 risk one's life to do sth.  冒着生命危险做某事 【练习】 ①We do not expect untrained people to _______________.我们不期望未经训练的人去冒险。 ②如果你冒酒后驾车的风险，你就有风险了。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 【典例背诵】 ①He was determined to get there even at the risk of his life. ②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying early by running.你可能喝酒、抽烟、超重，但跑步仍然可以降低早死的风险。 ③He got well­prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.他为面试做了充分的准备，因为他不能冒险失去这个好机会。 27. respond vi.回答；回应 【用法】 (1)respond to=make response to 对……做出回复；回答 (2) response n. in response to...作为对……的回复 【练习】 ①None of the students ____________ to her question; that is to say, her question failed to get a  ___________ from any of the students.(respond) 没有一个学生回答她的问题;也就是说，她的问题没有得到任何学生的回答。 【典例背诵】 ①(2017·天津高考)Respond quickly and briefly, apologizing for your mistake.快速简短地回复，为你的错误道歉。 ②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，” Dennis responded. ③If so, please respond to me as quickly as possible.如果是这样的话，请尽快给我回信 【 答案：1. ①to get; ②is requested; ③at the request of his manager/at his manager’s request ; ④requested that we (should) be well prepared for the exam. 2. ①requirements; ② to gather; ③to be looked/looking; ④(should) be related; 3.①recommendation; ② (should) set; ③recommend myself as a qualified volunteer 4.【答案】：① remaining ②to be seen 5.【答案】：① remarking ②remarked 6.【答案】：in character but not in appearance 7.【答案】：couldn’t resist showing off 8.【答案】：① was rewarded ② a 9.【答案】：rooted 10.【答案】：This rough weather is making it difficult to drive. 11.【答案】：① lay in ruins ② were ruined 13 a wide range of art works 14:stealing 15:①referred; ②In/With reference to 16:①are reflected; ②reflect the unique culture of our school. 17:relatively 18: is relevant to 19:made it a rule 20 ①was regarded ②With regard to your recent application ③regarding 23. of 24. 答案：to reply/in reply to; didn’t reply 25. Being responsible for 26. 【答案】①take risks ②If you take the risk of drunk driving, you are at risk. 27. 答案】 ①responded  response 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$