高中英语核心词汇解析及拓展训练九 （字母P部分） 导学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语核心词汇解析及拓展训练九 字母P 1. possess vt.(不用于进行时)拥有；具有；支配 【用法】 (1)be possessed of　　具有(某品质、特征等) (2)possession n. (尤作复数)所有；财产；具有；拥有 be in possession of 占有；拥有；持有 be in sb.’s possession＝be in the possession of sb. 为某人所有；在某人的控制下 get/take/gain/have possession of　拥有；占有 【练习】 ①As the saying goes, “A true friend is the best ____________(possess)．” ②Although he doesn’t possess much money, he _________(possess) of good health. 【典例背诵】 ①The old man is in possession of a large company. A large company is in the possession of the old man. The old man gets/takes/gains/has possession of a large company. 这个老人拥有一家大公司。 ②The ring is one of her most treasured possessions.这只戒指是她最珍贵的财产之一。 2.privilege n. 特权，优待 (1) have the privilege of doing/to do sth... 有...的权利 a privilege of doing sth/to do sth 做某事是荣幸 It is a privilege for sb. to do 做某事是某人的特权 (2) be feel privileged to do sth 做某事是荣幸的 【用法】 【练习】 ①Only members ________________________________using the sports facilities. 只有会员才有使用这些运动设备的权利。 ② We all feel ______________ (privilege) to be invited here. 我们很荣幸被邀请来这。 【典例背诵】 ①You can enjoy all the benefits and privileges of club membership. 你可以享受俱乐部成员的一切福利和优惠。 ② We are privileged to have a distinguished gust tonight. 我们很荣幸今晚有一位尊贵的客人。 3.propose vt. 建议；打算，计划；求婚 vi. 建议；求婚；打算 【用法】 propose doing sth. 提议做某事 propose that ...(should) do sth. 提议做某事 propose doing/to do sth. propose marriage to sb. 向某人求婚 proposal n. 建议；提议；求婚 【典例背诵】 ① She proposed that the book_______________________. 她提议查禁这本书。 ② How do you propose__________________? 你打算怎么回家？ ③ She proposed to me! 她向我求婚了！ 答案：①be banned ②getting home 4.profit n利益;v.有益于 【用法】 make a profit谋求利润 gain profit from从...中受益 【练习】 In recent years, many football clubs have been run as business to ______________. 近年来，很多足球俱乐部都进行商业运作，以谋求利润。 【典例背诵】 ①We gained a lot of profit from your advice. 我们从你的建议中获益匪浅。 ②It might profit you to learn about the company before your interview. 在面试之前对该公司做些了解可能会有好处。 5.progress n.进步，进展，前进；v.进展 【用法】 (1)make progress 取得进步 In progress 在进行中 (2)progressive adj.进步的，先进的 【练习】 Thanks to her help, I______________________ in my study. 多亏她帮忙，我在学习上取得了巨大进步。 【典例背诵】 ①Please do not enter the classroom while a lesson is in progress.上课时请勿进教室。 ②Work on the new road is progressing slowly. 新路的修建工作正在缓慢进行。 6.prohibit vt. 禁止，妨碍，使不可能 【用法】 (1) prohibit sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事 keep/stop/prevent sb. from doing sth. (2) forbid/ban 禁止 (3) Prohibition n.禁止，禁令 【练习】 Smoking ________________ in this hospital.本医院内禁止吸烟。 【典例背诵】 ①Dr. King encourages us to fight against this unfair system which prohibits us blacks from sitting where we like. 金博士鼓励我们同这个禁止我们黑人随意就座的不公平制度作斗争。 ②His poor eyesight prohibited him from becoming a pilot.他因视力弱而不能当飞行员。 7.promise n.诺言，有前途；v.许诺，有...的可能，预示 【用法】 (1) keep one’s promise 信守诺言 make/ break a promise 作出承诺/违背诺言 promise to do sth. 许诺做某事 promise sb. sth.=promise sth. to sb.向某人承诺某事 (2)promising 有希望的，有前途的 【练习】 ①She _________________ to visit her aunt regularly.她信守诺言定期去看望她的姑姑。 ②As an actress, she is ___________(promise) 【典例背诵】 ①I always wondered when I would get the English novel my parents had promised to give me.我总是在想什么时候我才能得到父母承诺给我买的英文小说。 ②The company promised us a bonus this year.公司承诺今年给我们发奖金。 ③Those clouds promise rain tomorrow.那些云预示着明天可能会下雨。 8.pronounce vt. 发...音；正式宣布 【用法】 (1) pronounce (to be)宣布为...;断言为... (2)pronounced adj.明确的，明显的，断然的 (3)pronunciation n.发音 【练习】 ①She _____________________ on arrival at the hospital.到达医院时她被宣告死亡。 ②He walked with a ___________(pronounce) limp. 【典例背诵】 ①How do you pronounce this word?这个词如何发音？ ②The minister pronounced them man and wife.牧师宣布他们成为夫妇。 9.purpose n.目的，意图；用意，需要 【用法】 achieve/carry out a purpose 实现目标/达到目的 for the purpose of/ with the purpose of 为了 on purpose 故意地 【练习】 ①Sorry, I didn’t break the plate ______________. 对不起，我不是故意打破盘子的。 ②Paper cuts used for religious ___________(purpose) are often found in temples. 【典例背诵】 1 He bought the land with the purpose of building on it.他买这块地是为了建房子。 ②Don’t waste your money; put it to some good purpose.不要乱花钱，钱要花在正地方。 10. part vt. 使分开；使分离 vi.分手；告别；舍弃 【用法】 ①when he parted the curtains, the sunlight flooded into the room. 他拉开窗帘，阳光洒进屋内。 ②The war parted many people from their families. 战争拆散了很多人的家庭。 11. particular adj.特殊的；特别的；挑剔的 n. 细节；细目 【用法】 be particular about/over sth.　对某事讲究/挑剔 particularly adv. 尤其；特别地；特殊地 in particular＝particularly 尤其；特别地；格外地 【练习】 ①He is a very open­minded man, and won’t be particular ___________ these small things. ②When you attend your friend’s dinner party in China, you’d better behave properly, _______________ (particular) paying attention to minding your table manners. 12. patient  n.[C]病人 adj.有耐心的；容忍的 【用法】 be patient with 对…有耐心 impatient adj.不耐心的 patiently ad.耐心地 【练习】 ①She ________________________her students and never made them disappointed. 她对学生通常很有耐心，从不让他们失望。 13. perform vt.& vi.表演；履行；执行 【用法】 (1)perform a(n) ... role in 　 在……中起……作用 perform an operation/a play 进行手术/演一场戏 perform one’s duty/promise 尽某人的责任/履行某人的承诺 (2)performance n. 执行；表演；演奏；履行 put on/give a performance 表演 (3)performer n. 执行者；表演者 【练习】 ①Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it_________________ (perform) live is quite another. ②The musician along with his band members has given ten _______________ (perform) in the last three months. 14．permit vt.& vi.许可；允许；准许n.通行证；许可证；执照 【用法】 (1)permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 permit doing sth. 允许做某事 (2)a driving permit 驾驶执照 (3)permission n. [U] 允许；许可；批准 with/without permission 得到允许/未经允许 ask for permission 请求许可 【练习】 ①The government has already permitted the company ___________ (use) special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. ②You should know that no photos are to be taken of the exhibits without ________________ (permit)． ③The owner doesn’t permit ___________ (park) cars in front of the shop. 时间允许的话, 我希望有更多的业余时间与朋友在一起度过, 以便于提升我们的友谊。 ④__________________________, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can promote our friendship.(条件状语从句) ⑤__________________________, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can promote our friendship.(独立主格结构) 15．plain adj. 清楚的，易懂的,朴素的，简单的，坦白的，直率的adv.清楚地；坦白地n.[C] 平原 【用法】 a plain fact 明摆着的事实 plain food 清淡的食物 plain living 俭朴的生活 in plain words 坦白地说 to be plain with you 坦白地说 plain common sense 普通常识 the Great Plains 北美洲大平原 ①The story is written in plain English. 那个故事是用简单易懂的英语写的。 ②Don’t give me a whole story; I just want the plain truth. 不要给我讲全部的细节，我只要简单的事实。 ③The first thing you should do is to learn to speak plain. 你首先要做的是学习坦白地讲话。 16. plug n.[C]栓，塞子；(电)插头vt.堵，塞；接通…电源 【用法】 pull the plug out of the bath 拔掉浴池的塞子 put the plug in the socker 把插头插入插座 ①Then I realized I hadn’t plugged the TV in.然后务意识到我还没有接通电视的电源。 17. popular adj. 流行的；受欢迎的, [只作定语]通俗的；大众的，普遍的 【用法】 popular music/ culture 流行音乐/文化 be popular with/among 为…喜欢；受…欢迎 in popular language 用通俗的语言 popular election/ opinion 普选/普遍的观念 popularity n.流行 18. practise vt.&vi.实践；练习;（医生、律师等）执业；从事 【用法】 practise doing sth. ①You need to practise speaking in Einglish to make progress.你需要练习讲英语以取得进步。 ②He’s passed his law exams and is now practising as a lawyer.他已通过法律考试，现在当律师。 【练习】 ①As a new driver, I have to practice_____ (park) the car in my small garage again and again. 19. praise v.赞扬,称赞n.[U]赞扬，表扬 【用法】 be worthy of / deserve praise 值得称赞 in praise of 赞扬 反 blame 责备 混 prize n.奖金 ①The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.史密斯夫妇因为他们培养孩子的方元而受到了赞扬。 ②His latest movie has won high praise from the critics.他的最新电影得到了评论家的高度赞扬。 ③On festivals they often act and sing in praise of heroes.在节日里他们表演歌唱，歌颂英雄。 【拓展】 punish v. hurt , imprison, fine sb. for wrongdoing 惩罚，处罚 punish sb. for sth. 惩罚某人某事 punishment n. 惩罚，惩处 20. prejudice n.[U]&[C]偏见；成见 【用法】 have a prejudice against sb.对某人有成见 be free from prejudice 毫无偏见 【联想】近discrimination n.歧视 反 justice n.公正 21. press vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫n.按；压；印刷；新闻 【用法】 (1)press ...against/to ...　把……压/挤/贴在…… press sb.to do sth. 极力劝说/敦促某人做某事 (2)pressure n. 压力；压强；挤压；压迫(感) put pressure on ... 给……施压 under pressure 面临压力；受到压力 【练习】 ①_____________ (press) by my friends, I decided to seize the opportunity. ②Out of curiosity, the little girl pressed her nose __________ the shop window. ③__________________________________________, you will never give up halfway. 无论你面临多少压力，都不要半途而废。 22. pretend vt.& vi.假装；假扮；扮演 【用法】 pretend 和pretend用法类似(后接to do/to be doing/to have done)的动词还有happen, appear, seem, claim等及be said to结构。 【练习】 ①So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend _______________ (read)． ②He would ask who we were and pretend not ______________(know) us. 句型转换 ③Tom pretended that he hadn’t heard about the news, but in fact he knew it very well last week. →Tom pretended____________________________________, but in fact he knew it very well last week. 23. panic 惊慌；恐慌vi.&vt.(使)惊慌/恐慌 (1)in panic　　　　　惊慌失措地 get into a panic 陷入恐慌 (2)panic ... into doing sth. 使……惊慌地做某事 【练习】 ①Not only do online rumors cause people________ panic, but they disturb public order. ②Tom panicked at the sound of explosion and his wife also got ________ a panic. ③Hearing the gun, the deer ____________ (panic) into running straight for the headlights. 【典例背诵】 ④ Office workers fled in panic as the fire took hold. 火势起来时，办公室人员惊慌逃出。 ⑤ There’s no point getting into a panic about the exams. 对考试惊惶失措是没有用的。 24. parallel adj.平行的;并列的;极相似的 n.平行线/面;平行物;类似的人/事物;相似处 have no parallel = be without parallel 无可比拟，无可匹敌 in parallel with 与...一起;与...同时 【典例背诵】 ①Advertising has developed in parallel with modern industry and the mass media.广告一直以来都与现代工业和大众传媒同步发展。 ②My experience in selling is parallel to yours. 在销售方面，我的经验和你相仿。 25. participate vi.参与；参加；分享 【用法】 (1)participate in 参加；参与 participate with sb. in sth. 与某人一起分担某事 (2) participation n. 参加；参与 participant n. 参与者；参加者 【练习】 ① You should participate ______________ your friend in his sufferings. ② It has found that on average, ________________ (participate) performed better on cognitive (认知的) tests in their 40s and 50s than they had done in their 20s. ③I sincerely hope that the festival will be a great success and I’m looking forward to your _____________ (participate)． 【典例背诵】 ① In our school, there are all kinds of activities for you to participate in. 在我们学校，有各种各样的活动供你参加。 ② Students should be encouraged to participate in more activities after class in order to broaden their knowledge. 为了拓宽知识面，应当鼓励学生多参加课外活动。 26. prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物) preference n. 偏爱，优先权，爱好 【用法】 (1) prefer (sb.) to do sth.　　　　　宁愿(某人)做某事 prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. 喜欢(做)……胜过喜欢(做)…… (2) prefer to do…rather than do… would rather do… than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做…… would do… rather than do… (3) preference n. 偏爱；优先权；爱好 have a preference for 对……偏爱 【练习】 ① I prefer _____________________________ (exercise) at home, and it seems that I am always going on a diet. ② Many people prefer living in the country ______________ living in the city. ③ I have a ______________________________ (prefer) for serious novels. 一句多译 她宁愿步行去上班也不愿开车。 ④________________________________________________________________. (prefer to do ...rather than do ) ⑤________________________________________________________________. (would rather do ... than do ) ⑥________________________________________________________________. (would do ... rather than do ...) 【名师点津】(1) prefer＝like better, 因此prefer不能和比较级连用。(2)prefer不用于进行时，其过去式和过去分词是preferred, preferred。 【典例背诵】 ① I prefer my English classes to be taught in English only. 我希望我的英语课是全英授课。 ② I would prefer playing outdoors to watching TV. 我宁愿在外面玩也不愿看电视。 ③ He dislikes meat, and has always had a preference for vegetables. 他不喜欢吃肉，他总是偏爱蔬菜。 27. present 1 vt. 颁发，授予，赠送；提出，调教；呈现，展现，显示;招致，引起，造成 adj. （名词前）现在的，如今的；（名词后）在场的，出席的 28. present2 n. (常用the present) 现在，目前；礼物，礼品 【用法】 present sth. to sb. / present sb. with sth. 赠送某人某物 at (the) present= at the present time 现在，目前 up to the present至今，到现在为止 for the present暂时，暂且 be present at出席 【联想拓展】presence n. 存在，出席 presentation n. 展示，描述，陈述 presently adv. 目前，不久 (反)absent adj. 缺席的 be absent from 【练习】 ① The young man presented the water___________ the old man. The young man presented the old man ____________the water. ② At the end of the programme, the students _____________(present) papers on their research. 【典例背诵】 ① The Grammy Awards are presented every year in the music industry in the United States.格莱美奖在美国音乐届每年颁奖一次。 ② Stop worrying about the past and live in the present.别再为过去烦恼，好好地过眼前的日子。 ③ We don’t have any more information at the present time.目前我们没有进一步的消息。 29. prevent vt. 组织，防止，预防 【用法】 prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事 prevention n. 防止，预防 preventable adj.可以防止的 preventive adj. 预防性的，防备的 【近】prohibit v. 阻止 【练习】 ① The heavy rain yesterday prevented us from__________________(come) in ② It is clear that water pollution means more deaths and heavier losses. Therefore, it is our duty to prevent rivers and lakes ___________________(pollute). 【典例背诵】 ① Nothing would prevent him from speaking out against injustice.什么都不能阻止他鸣不平。 ② Prevention is better than cure./ Announce of prevention is better than a pound of cure. 预防优于补救。/防患于未然是上策。 30. pride n. [U]自豪，骄傲；自尊心，尊严；自负，傲慢 [C] 引以为豪的人/事物 31. proud adj. 骄傲的，自豪的，得意的；妄自尊大的，自负的 【用法】 take pride in对……感到自豪 with pride自豪地 a sense of pride自豪感 be proud of 对……感到自豪 be proud to do为做……而骄傲 be proud that从句 proudly adv.骄傲地，自豪地 【练习】 ① The artist took pride ___________ his success. ② The artist always say ___________ pride, “I’m Chinese!” 【典例背诵】 ① The sight of her son graduating filled her with pride.看到儿子毕业她充满了自豪。 ② Her parents took pride in him when he got good marks.当他取得好成绩时，他的家长感到很自豪。 ③ My mother was so proud of all I had done that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. 母亲为我所做的一切感到自豪，为此她奖励我去北京旅行。 ④ Your achievements are something to be proud of.你的成就就是值得骄傲的。 32. provide vt. 提供 【用法】 provide sth. for sb. /provide sb. with sth. 提供某人某物 provide sth. to sb.向某人提供某物 provide for抚养;供养；为..作准备;防备 Providing/provided that… 只要 【练习】 ①My goal is _________(provide) humans with a life of high quality. 我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。 ②Community schools_____(提供) good quality education_____ children. 社区学校给孩子们提供良好的教育。 【典例背诵】 ①Both MIT and Harvard have provided $30 million to offer free courses online. 麻省理工大学和哈佛大学各出资3,000万美元以提供网上免费课程。 ②Without work, how can I provide for my children？没有工作，我如何抚养孩子? 2 We provide legal advice and service to our clients.我们向客户提供法律建议和服务。 答案1.①possession ② is possessed 2.①have the privilege of ②privileged 4: make a profit 5:made great progress 6:is prohibited 7:①kept her promise ②promising 8①was pronounced dead ②pronounced 9:①on purpose ②purposes 11. ①about/over ③particularly 12. ① was usually patient with 13. ①being performed ②performances 14. ①to use ②permission ③parking ④If time permits ⑤Time permitting 19. ⑤ parking 20. ①Pressed ②against/to ③No matter how much pressure you are under 22. ①to be reading ②to know ③not to have heard about the news 23. to; into; was panicked 25. ① with ② participants ③ participation 26. ① exercising/ to exercise ② to ③ preference ④ She prefers to walk to work than drive a car. She would rather walk to work than drive a car. She would walk to work rather than drive a car. 28. ① to, with ② presented 29. ① coming ② being polluted 31. ① in ② with 【答案】：①to provide ②provide for    学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$