高中英语核心词汇解析及拓展训练五（字母EF） 导学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语核心词汇解析及拓展训练（字母EF） 字母E部分 1. equip  vt. 提供设备；装备；配备  【用法】 (1)equip ...with ...　　　　用……装备……；让某人具备(知识、技能等) be equipped with  配备着/具有……(常用过去分词作状语) equip sb./sth. for  为……而武装某人；为……而装备某物 be equipped to do sth.  能够胜任做某事 equip oneself with knowledge 用知识武装自己 (2)equipment n．[U]  装备；设备 a piece of equipment  一件装备 【练习】 ①It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped __________(speak)． ②In addition, they spend money on fishing _____________(equip), fuel and boat repairs. ③_________________________________________________, he is well respected by all his students.(用过去分词作状语)    他教学经验丰富，深受学生们的尊敬。 【典例背诵】  ①We want our son to have a good education that will equip him for future life.我们想让儿子受到良好的教育，使他能适应未来的生活。 ②As our new stadium is equipped with modern facilities, we can organize a variety of activities in it.因为我们学校新体育馆配备了现代化的设施，因此我们可以在体育馆里举办各种各样的活动。 2. enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的；狂热的 【用法】 (1) be enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 热心于（做）某事 (2) enthusiasm n. 热心，热忱，热情 【练习】 ①_______________________________. 他热心于帮助别人。 ②We were all impressed by her ___________. 我们都被她的热情打动了。 【典例背诵】 ①He is enthusiastic about painting . 他热衷于绘画。 3. expect vt.预料；盼望，期待 【用法】 1. expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 2. expect sth. of/from sb. 对某人期望某物 3. as expected 如预料/期待的那样 【练习】 You cannot expect him ___________(do) such a thing． 【典例背诵】 Most of the parents expect much of their children.大多数父母都对自己的子女寄予很大的期望。 4. expectation n. 期待；预期；指望 【典例背诵】 As expected, the expectation that her mother expected her to be a key university’s student has come true. 正如所料，她妈妈期望她成为重点大学学生的愿望实现了。 5. expense n. 消费；支出，费用；代价(同cost) 【用法】 1. at the expense of/at sb.’s expense 以……为代价，以……为牺牲，使遭受损失(麻烦)，牺牲 2. spare no expense 不惜花费，不计代价 3. living(traveling)expenses 生活费(旅费) 4. cut down on expenses 缩减开支 5. at one’s own expense某人负担费用 6. expensive a. 昂贵的；花钱的 【练习】 The inventor succeeded ______________________________________. 这个发明家牺牲了自己的健康才获得成功。 【典例背诵】 Do you have enough to cover all your daily expenses? 你有足够的钱来支付日常开销吗？ 6. express v.表达, 表示；特快发送 n.特快列车,快递 adj.特快的，快递的 【典例背诵】 ①Words can’t express how excited I was. 我当时激动的心情难以言表。 ②Would you like to send these books by express? 你希望把这些书用快递寄出去吗？ 7. expression n.表达,表示；表情，脸色 【练习】 ___________________________(尴尬的表情) on his face suggested that he didn’t tell the truth. 【典例背诵】 The scenery was beautiful beyond expression. 那风景美丽的无法形容。 8. eager adj. 渴望的，热切的 【用法】 (1) be eager (for sb.) to do... 渴望（某人）做…… be eager for sth. 急于得到…… be eager that... 热切地希望……[从句常用 “should do”] (2)eagerness n. 渴望；热心 eagerly adj. 渴望的；热切/心的 【练习】 ①They are too eager ___________________________ their beautiful garden. 他们急于炫耀他们漂亮的花园。 ②Both stressed their __________ to hear from readers and listeners on social networks. 双方都强调他们渴望听到社交网络上的读者和听众的声音。 【典例背诵】 We are eager for him to help us. 我们渴望他帮助我们。 9. effort n. 努力，尽力；精力 【用法】 (1)make an effort/efforts/every effort to do sth. (尽一切)努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事 (2)with effort 努力地 without effort 不费力地，容易地 【练习】 ①We ____________________________ turn our dreams into reality. 我们必须尽一切努力把我们的梦想变成现实。 ②We should ________________________ make up for the lost time. 我们应该不遗余力地弥补失去的时间。 【典例背诵】 In an effort to achieve our dream, we must make every effort to pass the College Entrance Examination. 为了实现我们的梦想，我们必须尽一切努力来通过高考。 10. embarrass v. 使窘迫，使尴尬 【用法】 embarrassed adj. 困窘的，尴尬的 embarrassing adj. 使人窘迫的 embarrassment n. 困窘，尴尬，使人难堪的人/事 to one’s embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是 【练习】 ①It was an _________________ situation, but Mr. Smith carried it off well. 这是一个尴尬的处境，但是史密斯先生成功地应付过去了。 ②She was ___________ when they asked her age. 他们问她的年龄时，她窘得很。 【典例背诵】 ①I didn’t want to embarrass her. 我不想让她难堪。 ②This march could embarrass the government.这次抗议游行可能会让政府陷入困境。 11. encourage vt. 鼓/激励；鼓动 【用法】 (1) encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 discourage sb. from doing sth. 劝阻某人别做某事 (2)encouraged adj. 受到鼓舞的 discouraged adj. 气馁的，灰心的，丧气的 encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的；鼓励的，奖励的 discouraging adj. 使人沮丧的；令人气馁的 encouragement n. 鼓/激励 【练习】 ① The teacher ____________________________________________. 老师鼓励学生形成他们自己的观点。 ② These results are________________, but you still have a long way to go. 这些结果令人振奋，但你还有很长的路要走。 【典例背诵】 Despite my encouragement and support, my son got discouraging results. He got discouraged. However, my dad discouraged him from losing heart. 尽管我给予了鼓励和支持，我的儿子还是得到了令人沮丧的结果。他受到了打击。然而，我爸爸劝阻他不要灰心。 12. enjoy vt. 喜爱；享受…之乐趣；欣赏；享有 【用法】 (1) enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 enjoy oneself 过得快乐/快活 (2)enjoyable adj. 快乐的；有乐趣的；令人愉快的 enjoyment n. 享受；乐趣；享有 【练习】 ①I ____________ myself because I find teaching _______________, which brings me great ________________. 我过得很快乐，因为我觉得教书很有趣，这能给我带来巨大的乐趣。 ②We __________________________ during the holidays. 我们在假期玩得非常高兴。 【典例背诵】 In her spare time she enjoyed reading novels or going to the park. 在她空闲时间里她喜欢看小说或到公园走走。 13. envy v. / n. 羡慕，嫉妒 【用法】 (1)envy sb. (for) sth. 羡慕（某人的）…… (2)with envy 羡慕地 out of envy 由于羡慕/嫉妒 【练习】 ①She always envies me (for) my curly hair.(英译汉) ___________________________________ ②He couldn’t _____________________ at/ of his neighbor’s success. 他无法掩饰对他哥哥的成功的羡慕。 14. equal adj. 相等的；平等的；胜任的vt. 等于；抵得上 n. 同等的人；相等物 【用法】 (1)be equal to sth./doing sth. 等于/胜任(做)某事 equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/某物 without equal＝have no equal 无与伦比 (2)equality n. 平等；相等 equally adv. 相等地；同等地；同样地 【练习】 ①Any man will be equal ________ the task, so long as he is careful. You should give it a try. ②My deskmate doesn’t equal me _______ English, but her physics is better. 写出下列句中equal的词性及含义 ③Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories. ④I am not equal to the position, so I don’t apply for it. ⑤Such behavior is, to my mind, without equal all over the world. ⑥(2019·江苏高考) After all, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive. 【典例背诵】 ①一句多译：尽管约翰很年轻，但是他却能胜任这项重要的工作。 Young as he was, John was equal to the important task. (equal) Although he was young, John was fit for the important task. (fit) Young as he was, John was qualified for the important task. (qualified) ②Many women who are equal to their job have the same equality with men and are treated equally. 许多能胜任工作的女性享有和男士们平等权利并且能被平等地对待。 15. evidence n. & v. 证据(同proof)；证词 【用法】 (1)evidence of/for sth. 有某事/物的证据 evidence that… 有证据 evidence to show / suggest…有证据表明 there is evidence that 有证据表明 (2)evident adj. 明显的 be evident to sb. that ... 某人清楚…… It is evident that ... 显然…… 【练习】 ①Do you have ____________ that this treatment works? 你有没有证据证明这种治疗有效？ ②_________________ to all that he is wrong. 很显然大家都知道他错了。 【典例背诵】 There is evidence that all your evidences are evidently wrong. 有证据表明你所有的证词都是明显错误的。 16．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临 (1)expose ...to ... 暴露……给……；使……接触…… expose oneself to ...使自己面临……；使自己暴露于…… (2)be exposed to 遭受到；(使)接触到 【练习】 ①Some people think we shouldn’t expose the children to ________ (play) computer games. ②__________ ________ (expose) to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin. ③When children are exposed to difficult situations, they are better at handling challenging situations. →_________ (expose) to difficult situations, children are better at handling challenging situations. (分词作状语) concert to be held in our school. 【典例背诵】 We should expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible. Being exposed to such atmosphere will greatly benefit their growth. 我们应该让孩子们接触尽可能多的艺术和文化，在这样的氛围的熏陶下将十分有益于他们的成长. 答案： 1.  ①to speak ②equipment ③Equipped with much experience in teaching 2. （1）He is enthusiastic about helping others. （2）enthusiasm 3. to do 5. at the expense of his health 7. The embarrassed expression 8. ①to show off ②eagerness 9. ①must make every effort to ②spare no effort to 10. ①embarrassing ②embarrassed 11. ①encouraged his students to form their own opinions ②encouraging 12. ①enjoy; enjoyable; enjoyment ②enjoyed ourselves 13. ①她总是羡慕我的卷发。 ②hide his envy 14. ①to ②in ③vt. 等于；比得上 ④adj. 胜任的 ⑤n. 相等的事物 ⑥adj. 平等的 15. ①evidence ②It is evident 16.① playing ②Being exposed ③ Exposed 字母F部分 1.fine vt. 处...以罚款 n.罚金，罚款 【用法】 fine sb.... for ...因...处以...的罚金 【练习】 ①we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely ____________________________________________________________________________________ 我们发现，在时速30英里的区域，他们很难保持恒定的速度，因此更有可能打破速度限制，并面临被罚款的风险。 ②____________________________________________________________________________________ 我因超速被罚款30美元。 2.fond adj. 喜欢的；温柔的；宠爱 【用法】 be fond of 喜欢 【练习】 ①A_______ mother often spoils her child.母亲过分溺爱孩子，往往会宠坏孩子。 ②I _______________________________________. 我喜欢弹钢琴。 【典例背诵】 More and more young people are fond of playing tennis nowadays. 现在越来越多的年轻人都喜欢上了打网球 3.freeze v. （使）冻结，结冰；严寒；（水管等）冻住；冷冻，冷藏；惊呆；使定格；（账户）冻结； n. 冻结；凝固；停止；冰冻期，严寒期；霜冻 【用法】 freezing adj.冰冻的，严寒的 frozen adj. 冷冻的； （态度）冷淡的，无情的 freeze to death 冻死 freezing adv. 极冷的 【练习】 ①He ________________________________ a snake.他一见蛇就吓呆了。 ②When I took them out, they ______________. 我把它们取出来时，它们已经冻住了。 【典例背诵】 ① On a freezing morning, a beggar was found frozen.在一个非常寒冷的早晨，有人看见一个乞丐被冻死了。 ② It’s freezing cold outside . 外面非常冷。 4. fuel n. 燃料；刺激因素；（为身体提供能量的）食物vt. 给……提供燃料；刺激，煽动；推动vi. 得到燃料 【典例背诵】 ① His words fuelled her anger still more. 他的话使他更愤怒了。 ② Most air pollution is caused by the burning of fuels like coal, gas and oil. 大部分空气污染是燃烧煤，天然气和石油等燃料引起的。 答案1.to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. I was fined thirty dollars for speeding. 2. fond; am fond of playing the piano. 3. froze at the sight of a snake; had frozen 4. fade v.褪色，凋谢，(声音等)变弱，(光等)变暗 【用法】 1. fade away (声音)逐渐消失；(身体)变弱 2. fade out (使)画面渐隐，(使)声音减弱 【练习】 Hopes of reaching an agreement seem to be __________(fade) away.  【典例背诵】 In the last weeks of her life she simply faded away. 她在生命的最后几个星期已是草枯灯油尽了。 5. fail v.失败；未通过；(机器, 身体部位等)出故障，失灵； (常用进行时）（健康, 体力，视力等）衰退，减弱 【典例背诵】 ①The brakes on my bike failed half way down the hill. 我骑自行车下山到中途刹车失灵了。 ②Her eyesight is failing. 她的视力日渐衰退。  ③Words fail to describe the young lady’s beauty. 这位年轻女士的美丽无法用言语表达。 6. failure n.失败，失败的人/事；故障，失灵 【典例背诵】 ①All my efforts ended in failure . 我的一切努力最后都无济于事.  ②He’s a success as a leader but a failure as a father. 作为一名领导他是一个成功者但作为一名父亲却是一个失败者。 7. fair adj. 公平的；相当大的；(皮肤)白皙的, (头发)浅色的 【典例背诵】 ①To be fair , she behaved better than we expected. 说句公道话，她表现得比我们预期的要好。 ②The profit was fair but not as big as they had expected. 利润相当可观，但不像他们希望的那么多。 8. fair n. 展览会；市集; 义卖会 【典例背诵】 I’m writing to invite you to a book fair to be held next Saturday in our school. 我写信邀请你参加下周六在我校举行的一次书展。 9.faith n.信任；信心；信念；承诺 【用法】 (1)have/lose faith in　对……有/失去信心 keep/break faith with 对……守信用/不守信用 (2)faithful adj. 忠实的；守信的 faithfully adv. 忠实地；准确地 【练习】 ①(2018·北京高考)I think the faith that everyone has shown ______ him has touched him. ②History is the best teacher. It ________ (faith) records the development path of each country and foretells the future to us. 【典例背诵】 It is very important that friends should be faithful to each other. 朋友彼此忠诚是很重要的。 10. fancy v.想做，想要；自以为是 n. 幻想；想象(力)；爱好；adj.昂贵的；精致的，花俏的 【用法】 1. (1)have a fancy for…喜爱，热衷于 2. take a fancy to…爱上，对…喜爱 3. (2)fancy doing 想做某事 4. fancy oneself 自任为是，自命为 【练习】 ①Cora ________________(爱上)a neighbor boy, and eventually married him. ②She _________________ (自认为是) a serious actress. 【典例背诵】 Do you fancy going out this evening? 今晚你想不想出去？ 11.fault n. 故障；错误；缺点；毛病 【典例背诵】 ①Every man has his fault. 人无完人，金无足赤。 ②She is too ready to find fault. 她太爱吹毛求疵。 12.favour n.喜爱；恩惠；帮忙；偏爱；支持 vt.喜爱；偏袒 (1) ask sb.a favour　　请某人帮忙 帮某人一个忙 (2)in favour of 同意；支持；赞成 in one’s favour 对某人有利 (3)favourable adj. 赞成的；优惠的 【练习】 ①Then we voted for the monitor. The result was 28 to 15 ________________________(对王红有利). ②____________________(帮我一个忙) and turn the radio down while I am on the phone, will you? 【典例背诵】 People who are in favour of modern city life may think it is rather dull to live in the countryside. 喜欢现代城市生活的人可能会认为生活在农村很枯燥。 13. figure n.画像；雕像；人物；身材；体形；数字；图表；插图 v.估计；计算；认为 【练习】写出下列句中figure的含义 ①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs. ②She does exercise every morning to keep her figure. ③It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven’t got a job. ④Even to this day, Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures in the world. ⑤(2017·北京高考)If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out. 14. force n.武力，力量，强大效力，权力 v.迫使，强行 【用法】 (1)by force凭武力 the force of law法律效力 the labor force 劳动力 (2)come into force 开始生效 bring sth into force（使法律、规则等开始生效） in force大量，在实施中 (3)force sb into doing/to do sth迫使某人做某事 force sth open强行打开 (4)forced adj.被迫的，勉强的 【练习】 ①She said she was enjoying herself with a ___________(force) smile. ②We will achieve more by persuasion than __________ _________(用暴力). 【典例背诵】 ①The President was forced into resigning.总统被迫辞职。 ②Don’t worry about your child; the door has been forced open.不用担心你的孩子，门已经被撞开了。 ③When do the new regulations come into force? 新规章什么时候开始执行？ 15. forget/remember/regret 【用法】 (1)forget/remember doing sth.忘记/记得做过某事 (2)forget/remember to do sth. 忘记/记得要做某事 (3)regret doing sth 后悔做过某事 regret to do sth（say/tell/inform）对将要做某事感到抱歉/遗憾 (4)forgetful adj.健忘的 unforgettable adj.难忘的 【练习】 ①(2020·山东新高考模拟C篇)Daniel Lamplugh remembers _________(go) shopping with his dad on Black Friday. ②Basing an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you __________( regret) it sooner or later. 【典例背诵】 ①(2014·安徽高考)I’ll never forget that wonderful lady who, through her kindness, filled my brief holiday in Florida with wonderful memories. 我永远不会忘记那个令人愉快的女士，她的善良使我在佛罗里达州短暂的度假充满奇妙的回忆。 ②Much to my regret, I am unable to accept your kind invitation. 让我很遗憾的是，我不能够接受你的善意的邀请。 16. forgive vt. (forgave, forgiven) 原谅；饶恕；宽恕；免除(债务) 【用法】 (1)forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事 forgive sb. for (doing ) sth 原谅某人做了某事 forgive one’s doing sth.原谅某人干了某事 （2)forgive and forget既往不咎 【练习】 ①Forgive others and you will______________ (forgive)． ②Forgive me ___________interrupting, but I really don’t agree with that. 【典例背诵】 ①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Although Chinese family will forgive you for your being late, I suggest you should arrive on time. 虽然中国家庭会原谅你迟到，但我建议你要准时到达。 ②Forgive me for interrupting, but I really don’t agree with that. 请原谅我打岔，不过我确实不同意那一点。 1 You should learn to forgive and forget in order to have an easier life.为了让生活更加轻松，你要学会既往不咎。 答案：4. Fading 9. ① in ② faithfully 10. ① took a fancy to ② fancies herself (as) 12. ① in Wang Hong’s favour ② Do me a favour 13. ① 认为 ② 身材，体形 ③ 数字 ④ 人物 ⑤ 理解，想出 14. ①forced ②by force 15.①going ②will regret 16. ①be forgiven ②for 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$