高中英语核心词汇解析及拓展训练四（字母D部分) 导学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语核心词汇解析及拓展训练（四） 字母D部分 第一组 (demand; desire; donate; dismiss; distinguish; divide; divorce; dot; draw) 1. demand n．需求；要求vt. 强烈要求 【用法】 (1)be in (great) demand　　　(迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求 (2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事 demand that ... (should) do sth. 要求……做某事 (3)demanding adj. 高要求的；要求严格的；费力的 【练习】【典例背诵】 ①First, science graduates are _______ greater demand than arts ones in China. ②My father came down and demanded ___________ (know) what was going on. ③Get the technology that has proven to help the most ______________ (demand) customers. ④这位老师要求学生们准时到校。(demand that ...) _____________________________________________________________________. 2. desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要 (1)have a strong desire meet/satisfy one’s desire 满足某人的愿望 (2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 desire that ... (should) do sth. 希望……做某事 【练习】【典例背诵】 ①I had a strong desire ________________________. 我有一股强烈的帮助和关心别人的愿望。 ②The teacher desired that all the exercises _________________ (hand) in before school was over. 我渴望有机会成为一名志愿者。_____________________________________________________. 3. donate vt. 捐赠；赠送 【用法】 (1)donate ... to sb./sth.　　把……捐赠给某人或某物 donate ... to do sth. 捐赠……做某事 (2)donation n. 捐赠；捐献 make a donation to 向……捐赠 (3)donated adj. 捐赠的 【练习】 ①(2019·江苏高考)This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries ____________ (buy) computer equipment and internet facilities. ②(2017·天津高考) I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project. It worked perfectly. ______________ (donate) began flooding in from hundreds of people. ③Volunteers came with loads of _____________ (donate) clothing and toys. 【典例背诵】 ①The old man donated a lot of money to the school, enabling the students to return to their classroom. 这位老人捐了很多钱给学校，使学生们能够重新回到他们的教室。 ②The headmaster appeals to us students to make a donation to the poor boy. 校长呼吁我们学生给这个贫穷的男孩提供捐赠。 4. dismiss v. 解散；解雇；开除；让...离开；不予理会、不予考虑 【用法】 be dismissed from school 被学校开除 dismiss fear/ doubts from one’s mind 消除某人心中的恐惧/疑虑 【练习】 ①____________________ her fears, she climbed higher.  她排除了恐惧，爬得更高了。  写出下列句中dismiss的含义 ②He dismissed her from his mind.   ③She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her post.  ④At 12 o’clock the class was dismissed.  【典例背诵】 We should not dismiss these ideas just because they are unfamiliar. 我们不应该由于不熟悉这些观点而拒绝予以考虑。 5. distinguish vt.& vi. 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别 【用法】 (1)distinguish between A and B　区分A和B distinguish ... from ... 把……与……区分开来 distinguish oneself as 作为……而出名 (2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for ... 因……而出名 be distinguished as ... 作为……而出名 (3)distinction n. 区别；差别；特性；荣誉，勋章 【练习】 ①(2017·江苏高考)They can even distinguish their mother’s voice _____________ that of a female stranger. ②Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish _________ right and wrong (辨别是非). ③As we all know, she has already distinguished herself ___________ a great volleyball coach in the world. ④We all know that Yuan Longping is distinguished ____________ his scientific achievements. 【典例背诵】 ①(2019·北京高考书面表达)Beijing is distinguished as the capital of China, which has many places of interest and historic interest. 北京作为中国的首都而闻名，有许多名胜古迹。 ②It’s important to distinguish fact from fiction. 把现实与虚构区分开来是很重要的。 6. divide v. 划分，分开；分配，分担；（数）除，除以 【用法】 (1)divide…in half/into halves 把……分成两半 be divided into… 被分成…… divide… between/among… 在两者/多者之间分配 divide… with sb. 与某人分配… (2)division n.  [数] 除法；分配； (3)separate…from… 把……和……分开 【练习】 ①The world is _______________________ five continents. ②He divided the profits _____________ his parents. 他与合作伙伴分了利润。 ③The child _______________________________ its mother. 那个孩子和他母亲离散了。 【典例背诵】 ①She divides her leisure between reading books and walking. 她把休闲时间用于读书和散步。 ②15 divided by 3 is 5. 15除以3等于5。 7. divorce n. 离婚；分离 v. 与（某人）离婚；使分离 【用法】 (1)get divorced from sb. 与……离婚 (2)marry v. 结婚 get/ be married to sb. 与……结婚 【练习】 ①The marriage ended in _________________ in 1996.  这桩婚姻在1996年以离婚告终。 ②They’re getting _______________________.  他们要离婚了。 【典例背诵】 ①an increase in the divorce rate  离婚率的增长 ②He got divorced from his wife last month. 他上个月和妻子离婚了。 8. dot n. 点；小数点 vi. 打上点；加点于；遍布 【用法】 on the dot 准时地 dot… with… 用……点缀，布满 【练习】 ①The taxi showed up _________________.  出租车准时到了。 ②The countryside ____________________ small villages. 乡间有星罗棋布的小村庄。 【典例背诵】 ①The island is a small green dot on the map. 这个岛在地图上是一个绿色的小点。 ②The letters ‘i’ and ‘j’ have dots over them. 字母i和j上面都有一点。 9. draw /drɔː/ (drew, drawn) v. 绘画；绘制；拉，拖；提取(金钱)；吸引 n.平局 【用法】 (1) draw near/close(时间、空间的)临近 draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion (from ...) (从……中)得出结论 (2)draw one’s eye 吸引某人的眼光 draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 (3)drawing n. 图画；牵引；素描术 drawer n. 抽屉；开/出票人；起草者 drawback n. 缺点，不利条件；退税 【练习】 ①Scientists have __________________________ that smoking is greatly associated with lung cancer. 科学家们已得出结论：肺癌与吸烟有很大的关系。 ②With Christmas __________ (draw) near, many supermarkets make use of discount to ___________________. 随着圣诞节的临近，许多超市利用打折来吸引消费者的注意。 【典例背诵】 The director drew near the drawer to see her drawing. It has some drawbacks. 导演拉近抽屉去看她的绘画。她的绘画有一些缺点。 10. distribute vt. 分配；分发；使分布 【用法】 (1)distribute ... to ... 把……分给…… distribute ...among ... 在……中分发…… (2)distribution n. 分配；分发；分布状态 【练习】 ①Then we distributed some presents such as books and school bags ___________ them. ②Who will take charge of the _____________ (distribute) of food and clothing to the flood victims? ③选词填空(distribute/contribute) They have _____________lots of food and clothes to that rural area and some volunteers helped ______________ them to those in need. 【典例背诵】 ①But its wealth was distributed unfairly among the population. 但它的财富在居民中分配不均。 ②He robbed the rich and distributed the wealth to the poor. 他劫富济贫 11.depend a. 缺席的;心不在焉的 【用法】 (1)depend on sb. to do sth. (2)depend on sb. for sth. 指望/依赖某人得到某物 (3)depend on/upon it that ... 相信/指望…… (4)That depends./It all depends. 视情况而定。 (5)dependent a.依赖/靠的；从属的(反independent) 【练习】 ①I know we can depend on her _______ (deal) with the tough situation. ② Don’t worry. You can depend on/upon ____that he’ll turn up on time. He always keeps his promises. 【典例背诵】 Don’t depend on others. But it’s not absolute. That depends. Sometimes to a certain degree you can depend upon your parents and true friends on condition that you are independent. 不要依赖别人。但也不是绝对的。那得看情况。有时在一定程度上，你可以依靠你的父母和真正的朋友，条件是你是独立的。 11. desert n.沙漠；不毛之地；应得的奖赏；功绩；过错；优点 v.遗弃；逃亡；失去 a.沙漠的；荒芜不毛的 【典例背诵】 ① Pubs are a cultural desert. 酒吧是文化荒漠。 ② a barren, waterless desert. 荒凉干燥的沙漠 ③ From a height, the area looks like a desert. 从高处看，这个地方就像一片沙漠。 ④ The vehicles have been modified to suit conditions in the desert. 车辆已经进行了改装以适应沙漠的环境。 12. determine vi.决定 vt.下决心,作决定；制定；主导限定 【典例背诵】 ① Two points determine a line. 两点决定一条直线。 ② Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing.基因决定了每一种生物的特征。 ③ A meeting would follow this operation, to determine where it went wrong. 这次行动后会有一个会议，以找出出错的环节。 13. develop vi.进展；发育；发展；生长；显影；逐渐形成；暴露 vt.揭露；使发达；冲洗,使显影 【典例背诵】 ① Certainly, pets can help children develop friendship skills. 毫无疑问，宠物能帮助孩子们掌握交友技巧。 ② Those smokers were likely to develop lung cancer. 那些烟民可能会得肺癌。 ③ We can develop your film in an hour. 我们可以于一小时后把你的胶卷冲洗出来 15. devote vt.专心；献身；致力；供奉；贡献；留下,存下 【用法】 (1) devote oneself to, 献身于.devote to把...献给; (2) devote oneself to 致力于,献身于; 专心于 【练习】 ①He devoted his life_____ literature. ②He has devoted his whole life to ________(benefit) mankind. 【典例背诵】 ①They devote their lives to caring for the sick.他们投身于对病人的护理中. ② Do not devote too much time to games.不要浪费太多的时间玩游戏. ③You want a husband who is solid and stable, someone who will devote himself to you. 你需要一个可靠而稳重的丈夫，一个全心全意对你的人。 16.devotion n. 献身，奉献;忠诚;信仰，祈祷;热爱 【用法】 (1) devotion to sb.对某人的挚爱 (2) devotion to sth.对…的忠心；对…的专注,狂热；虔诚. 【练习】 ①Their devotion _____ their children is plain to see. ②I don’t mean to keep criticizing his devotion ______ his job. 【典例背诵】 ①His devotion to science is well known.他对科学的献身精神为人熟知。 ②A career needs our devotion to all our lives.一项事业需要我们毕生的奉献。 ③We’ re moved by his devotion to his students.他热爱自己的学生，我们很受感动 17.differ v.（与某人、某事物）不同，不一样，有区别，不像，相异 【练习】 ①The story he told the police differed_____ the one he told his mother. ②That’s ______ we differ. 那是我们有分歧的地方。 【典例背诵】 ① Our tastes differ from each other. 我们的嗜好不同。 ② We differ with them on this point. 在这一点上我们跟他们看法不同。 18.difference n.不同 【典例背诵】 ① They’ve redecorated the main rooms and what a difference! 他们重新装修了几个主要房间，真是焕然一新！ ② I can’t tell the difference between them. 我弄不清它们之间的区别。  ③What you did might have made some difference. 或许是你的所做的使情况发生了变化。 19. different a.不同的；各别的；有差别的；各种的,独特的 【典例背诵】 ① The twins are different from each other in character. 这对双胞胎性格上不同。 ② On the whole, the two computers are completely different. 整体来讲，这两台计算机是完全不同的。 20. difficulty n.困难,费力;障碍;努力;争论;反对; (pl.)经济上的困难;麻烦 have difficult (in) doing sth. 干某事有困难 【练习】 Companies are having difficulty in________ (raise) capital. 【典例背诵】 ① James controlled his anger with some difficulty.詹姆斯好不容易压制住了心中的怒火。 ②He won the tennis champion without difficulty. 他毫不费力地赢得了网球冠军。 21. digest vi.消化vt.了解；忍受；摘要；分类；消化 n.文摘；分类 【典例背诵】 ①Fats are hard to digest. 脂肪难以消化。 ②She couldn’t digest food properly. 她不能正常消化食物。  ③ The organization publishes a digest of statistics. 该组织出版一份统计数据摘要。 ④ They need time to digest this information. 他们需要时间去领悟这一信息。 22. dip v. 浸；蘸；下沉；倾斜；掏取；浏览 n. 浸泡；浸；蘸；倾斜；下降 【典例背诵】 ①He dipped his pen in the ink. 他拿钢笔蘸墨水 ②The sun dipped below the horizon. 太阳落到地平线下。  ③The land dips gently to the south. 地面缓缓向南倾斜。 ④ I’ve only had time to dip into the report. 这份报告我只来得及浏览了一遍 23. direct v. 导演 指示，命令adj.  直接的，直系的，嫡系的adv. 直接，直接地，笔直地 【典例背诵】 ①The guide directed our attention to the other picture.讲解员要我们注意另一幅画. ②I asked a little girl to direct me to the bus stop.我请一个小姑娘告诉我怎么去汽车站。 ③ He is very direct, so you always know what his real views are.他为人很直率,你总能知道他的真实想法 24. discourage vt.使泄气；劝阻；使断念；使不敢做；使沮丧；使失去自信；使失去希望 (1)discourage sb from v-ing 阻止某人干某事 (2)discouraged adj. 感到气馁的 (3)discouraging adj. 令人感到气馁 【练习】 1 The rain discouraged us from______ (go) out. ② Don’t let one failure ______(discourage) you. 【典例背诵】 ①She was determined not to be too discouraged.她决心不过于气馁。 ②Today’s report is rather more discouraging for the economy.今天的报道让人对经济更加丧失了信心。 25.damage n. 损害；损毁；赔偿金; v . 损害；损毁; cause/do damage to　对......造成伤害　　　　　 damages 法律赔偿金 【典例背诵】 ①Damage to the building was considerable.  对这栋建筑物的损坏相当严重。 ②Smoking can seriously damage your health.  吸烟会严重损害你的健康。 26.date n. 日期；时代；约会 v. 记载日期 date back to　追溯到某时代 up to date　最新式的 to date 到目前为止 out of date　　过时的 【练习】 ①I’ve got a date with Lucy tomorrow night.  明天晚上我与露西有个约会。 ②Make sure your vaccinations are ____ ______ ________.  一定要接种最新的疫苗。 2 We haven’t got any further information _______ ________. 到目前为止，我们尚未获得进一步的信息。 27.dawn n. 黎明；开端; vt. 破晓；出现； at dawn 黎明，佛晓 【典例背诵】 Soldiers stormed into the city at dawn. 士兵在拂晓时分攻进城里。 28.deadline n. 最终期限；（监狱范围的）死线 【典例背诵】 ①It is totally out of the question to postpone the midnight deadline. 延迟午夜的最后期限是根本不可能的。 ②The conference chairman has set a deadline of noon tomorrow. 会议主席设定明天中午为最后期限。 29.deal v. 发（纸牌）；发放；买卖；应对, 对付；n. 交易；协议；处理，待遇 deal with 处理，对待；与......交易 a great deal 很多，大量 a great deal of 很多的，大量的 【典例背诵】 ①We must take positive steps to deal with the problem. 我们必须采取积极步骤处理这个问题。 ②I wanted them to get a fair deal.  我希望他们得到一个公平的交易。 3 I know I’m asking a great deal.  我知道我的要求很高。 30.decline n. 下降；衰退；vi. 下降；衰落；谢绝; vt. 谢绝；婉拒 【典例背诵】 ①Support for the party continues to decline.  对该党的支持继续下降。 2 My initial reaction was to decline the offer. 我最初的反应是要婉言谢绝这个提议。 31.deliver vt. 交付；发表；递送；释放；给予（打击）；给…接生; 【练习】 ①We guarantee to __________ your goods within a week. 我们保证一周内交货。 ②The president will _______ __ __________ about schools. 校长将发表关于学校的演讲. 293.discrimination n. 歧视；区别，辨别；识别力 Eventually, he came face to face with discrimination again. 最后，他再次直面歧视。 答案：1. demand ① in ② to know ③ demanding ② The teacher demands that the students (should) go to school on time. 2.desire ① to help and care for people; ②(should) be handed; ③ I desire to have the chance to become a volunteer. 3. ①to buy ②Donations ③donated 4. ①Dismissing ②消除，摒除（思想、感情等）③解雇；免职；开除 ④让（某人）离开；解散 5. ①from ②between ③as ④for 6. ① divided into ②with ③was separated from 7. ①divorce ②divorced 8. ①on the dot ②was dotted with 9. ①drawn a conclusion ②drawing; draw the consumers’ attention. 10. ①to/among ②distribution ③contributed; distribute 11.①to deal ②it 15.① to ②benefiting 16.①to ②to 17.①from ②where 20. raising 24.①going ②discourage 26. ①up to date ②to date 31.①deliver ②deliver a speech 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$