Unit 5 课时作业(8)(Word练习)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版2019）

课时作业(八) (限时：35分钟) Ⅰ.阅读 Dorothea Dix was born in 1802 in Massachusetts.When she was 12 years old, she left her unhappy home to live with her grandmother in Boston.There Dorothea went to school and was so quick at her lessons that two years later she went back to Worcester, Massachusetts and taught in a school for little children.She was only fourteen and rather small for her age.Anyway, she proved herself a good teacher, and the children loved her and respected her.In 1821, she opened a school for girls in Boston. Gradually, her health broke down, and she began to think that she could never work any more, but after a long rest in England, she came back to America and did something far greater than teaching.She went through the whole country where she first observed the inhumane treatment of the mentally ill.During Dorothea's traveling for nearly two years throughout the state, and meeting similar conditions, she always spoke kindly to the ill-treated, but she spoke wrathfully to the men who ill-treated them.In January 1843, she submitted to the Massachusetts legislature(立法机关) a detailed report of her fully documented findings. In the next 40 years Dorothea inspired legislators in 15 US states and in Canada to establish state hospitals for the mentally ill.Her continuous efforts directly affected the building of 32 institutions in the United States.When the Civil War broke out, she went straight to Washington and offered to nurse the soldiers without pay.She hired houses to keep supplies in and bought an ambulance.She gave her time, strength and money to her country. Dorothea Dix has been called the most useful woman of America.She is an American educator, social reformer and humanitarian whose devotion to the welfare of the mentally ill led to widespread reforms in the United States and abroad. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/对社会有突出贡献的人物。本文为记叙文，讲述了美国教育家、社会改革家和人道主义者Dorothea Dix对精神病患者及其祖国作出的贡献。 1．What do we know about Dorothea Dix when she was 19? A．She set up a school. B．She lived with her parents. C．She went to school in Massachusetts. D．She failed to become a good teacher. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段首句和末句可知，Dorothea Dix在19岁时创建了一所学校，故选A项。 2．What does the underlined word “wrathfully” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Patiently.　　　　　 B．Fluently. C．Angrily. D．Quickly. 答案　C 解析　词句猜测题。根据上文可知，她对虐待别人的人说愤怒的话。由此推断wrathfully意为“愤怒地”，故选C项。 3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The awards Dorothea Dix received in her life. B．The contributions Dorothea Dix made to her country. C．The support Dorothea Dix got from her family. D．The difficulties Dorothea Dix met during the Civil War. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。第三段主要讲述了Dorothea Dix为国家作出的贡献，故选B项。 4．Which of the following can best describe Dorothea Dix? A．Humorous and well-educated. B．Generous and warm-hearted. C．Proud and hard-working. D．Romantic and open-minded. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Dorothea Dix积极呼吁为精神病患者建立医院，无偿护理士兵，自己花钱购买救护车等。由此推断，Dorothea Dix是热心的且慷慨大方的，故选B项。 It began the moment I sat down：An immediate sense of strong kinship(亲切感) with the people who chose to spend one week of their summer vacation in the Creative Writing Workshop at the University of Mississippi.I had been looking forward to bonding with some like-minded people.I wasn't disappointed.I immediately hit it off with two other students, and we spent the rest of our week focusing on what had brought us together：a love of writing. Our instructors were two graduate students in the university, and the writing camp was strongly aimed at seeing what we could create from locating ourselves in new places. On the first day of the camp, we each were asked to choose a spot in the town square where we could write about our surroundings.We were told to focus on all of the senses but to prioritize hearing, taste, smell, and touch over sight.Throughout the week, we did similar exercises, finding inspiration in nature and in our own direct experiences. In the writing camp, I received encouragement from our instructors to publish and to get involved in the writing community.Learning about our instructors' writing processes with their current projects and about their experiences of publishing helped us catch sight of what our writing lives might look like in the future.In fact, because they encouraged us to start publishing something, I started sending my work out.My first short story will go to press early next month. My experience with the writing workshop was a big success, and I cannot recommend it highly enough.You will make lasting friendships there, be inspired by a green southern town with a literary history, and gain valuable writing experience.I hope this review will be helpful to those who are looking for a great writing workshop. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与自我/生活与学习。本文为夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者参加密西西比大学写作研习班的经历。 5．How did the author probably feel when she first met other students in the workshop? A．Nervous. B．Proud. C．Pleased. D．Disappointed. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第一、二句可推断，作者第一次见到研习班的其他学生时很高兴，故选C项。 6．What is special about the writing camp? A. It has famous writers as instructors. B．It asks students to write in the open air. C．It focuses on developing students' imagination. D．It attaches more importance to the sense of sight. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，该写作研习班让学生在户外写作，故选B项。 7．What contributes to the publication of the author's short story? A．The encouragement from her instructors. B．The experiences as a graduate student. C．The help from the writing community. D．The pressure of her writing projects. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，正是因为老师的鼓励，作者才开始尝试投稿，她的短篇小说才得以出版，故选A项。 8．What is the purpose of this text? A．To give us tips on writing. B．To show her love for writing. C．To advertise the Creative Writing Workshop. D．To share her experiences at the University of Mississippi. 答案　C 解析　写作意图题。根据最后一段可知，作者写本文是想向人们推荐这个写作研习班，为其做宣传，故选C项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822, in Dole, France, into a poor family.The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific 　1　 regarding the principles of vaccination(疫苗接种), microbial fermentation(微生物发酵), and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法)． The family was on a very tight 　2　.However, his parents 　3　 education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford.Pasteur had a(n) 　4　 for painting and drawing.When he realized that art was 　5　 to earn a living, he changed to 　6　. He was not a 　7　 student, but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it.It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his 　8　 school.Later, he owed his success to his 　9　.He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower in 　10　 some of the most difficult scientific problems. Pasteur's 　11　 research was completely self-funded.His wife, Marie, 　12　 supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab. As he became famous gradually, he was able to 　13　 research positions at more great institutions.Eventually, he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to 　14　 and prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies. He was highly respected and won just about every award 　15　 in his field.As a consequence, Pasteur greatly advanced the science of his day. 1．A．predictions B．discoveries C．methods D．performances 2．A.turn B．schedule C．link D．budget 3．A.valued B．transformed C．sharpened D．assigned 4．A.demand B．fault C．passion D．inspiration 5．A.unavoidable B．unlikely C．unexpected D．uncertain 6．A.geography B．astronomy C．politics D．chemistry 7．A.considerate B．brilliant C．lifelong D．frustrated 8．A.desired B．initial C．contradictory D．multiple 9．A.fame B．routine C．perseverance D．blessing 10．A.decreasing B．handling C．motivating D．occupying 11．A.substantial B．joint C．outstanding D．early 12．A.actively B．purposefully C．unintentionally D．steadily 13．A.turn down B．cope with C．work out D．take up 14．A.dedicate B．treat C．find D．commit 15．A.available B．memorable C．favorable D．knowledgeable 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/对社会有突出贡献的人。本文为人物传记，主要介绍了Louis Pasteur的生平、成就和贡献。 1.答案　B 解析　根据下文regarding the principles…pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法)可知，这些都是科学发现(discovery)。prediction预测； method方法；performance表演。 2.答案　D 解析　根据空后的however以及下文可推断，Pasteur家里的经济条件并不好，也就是说预算(budget)很紧张。turn轮流；schedule时间表；link联系。 3.答案　A 解析　根据下文可推断，他的父母很重视(value)教育。 transform改变；sharpen使尖锐；assign分配。 4.答案　C 解析　根据下文可知，Pasteur对艺术有着热情(passion)。demand要求；fault过错；inspiration灵感。 5.答案　B 解析　根据上文可知，他家经济条件并不好，而根据常识及下文可知，此处表示艺术并不太可能(unlikely)谋生。unavoidable无法避免的；unexpected意外的；uncertain不确定的。 6.答案　D 解析　根据上下文可知，Pasteur后来成为了一个化学家，所以此时他是从艺术转向化学(chemistry)。 7.答案　B 解析　根据but he worked very hard可知，此处表示他并不是一个很聪明的(brilliant)学生。considerate体贴的；lifelong终身的；frustrated沮丧的。 8.答案　A 解析　根据It took him three tries to pass the exam以及常理可知，他是最终进入了自己想要进入的(desired)学校。initial最初的；contradictory对立的；multiple多种多样的。 9.答案　C 解析　根据上文的three tries可推测，此处表示他认为自己的成功源自于自己的毅力(perseverance)。fame名声，名望；routine例行公事；blessing祝福。 10.答案　B 解析　句意：他在解决一些最困难的科学问题上的努力和毅力给资深科学家留下了深刻的印象。decrease减少；handle处理；motivate激励；occupy占据，故选B项。 11.答案　D 解析　根据下文可知，这两段内容描述了Pasteur的研究进展，所以，空处指的是早期的(early)情况。substantial大量的；joint联合的；outstanding优秀的。 12.答案　A 解析　根据本句中acted as his assistant in the lab可推测，他的妻子积极(actively)支持其工作。purposefully有目的地；unintentionally无意地；steadily稳定地。 13.答案　D 解析　根据上下文可推测，随着他越来越出名，他可以在大机构担任研究职位。turn down拒绝；cope with处理；work out解决；take up从事，故选D项。 14.答案　C 解析　句意：最终，他建立了巴斯德研究所，以寻找(find)和预防疾病的原因，特别是狂犬病。dedicate致力于；treat对待；commit犯罪、承诺。 15.答案　A 解析　句意：他非常受人尊敬，赢得了他所在领域的几乎所有奖项。available可得到的、可使用的；memorable难忘的；favorable有利的；knowledgeable博学的，故选A项。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Wogging is an exercise trend that began in 2008.It's a 1. (combine) of walking and jogging.Wogging is a perfect next step for walkers who want to begin jogging, but don't yet have enough energy to jog 2. a constant pace. Walkers should be at a level 3. they can walk 30 minutes about five days per week before they begin wogging.It's a good idea to ask their doctor when their friends advise them 4. (add) wogging to their daily workouts. Running shoes should 5. (wear) when wogging as they absorb the shock to the body. Wogging can be started by walking four or five minutes and then jogging two or three minutes.People should practice 6. (gradual) to complete their workout.They should stick to the planned minutes for about a week and then they will be ready to increase the minutes 7. (spend) in jogging. Walking three minutes and then jogging five or six minutes may be a 8. (reason) plan for some people.Wogging is 9. challenging balance between walking and jogging, but people shouldn't overdo it.As a matter of fact, the most suitable exercise depends on a person's 10. (fit) level. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/体育。本文为说明文，介绍了一种介于走路和慢跑之间的新型运动方式——步行缓跑。 1．答案　combination　 解析　考查词性转换。空前有冠词a限定，空后有of，所填词作句子的表语，故此处用名词形式。 2．答案　at　 解析　考查介词。at a(n)…pace 以一种……的速度，为固定搭配。 3．答案　where　 解析　考查引导词。句意：在开始步行缓跑之前，步行者应具有每周大约5天都能步行30分钟的水平。where 引导定语从句，修饰先行词level，在定语从句中作状语。 4．答案　to add 解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：当他们的朋友建议他们把步行缓跑加入到他们每日锻炼中时，询问一下医生是一个好主意。advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事。 5．答案　be worn　 解析　考查语态。句意：步行缓跑时应穿上跑鞋，因为它们会吸收对身体的冲击力。句子的主语running shoes和谓语动词wear是逻辑上的动宾关系，空处应用被动语态。 6．答案　gradually　 解析　考查词性转换。句意：人们应该逐步练习来完成他们的锻炼。空处作状语修饰动词practice，应用副词形式gradually。 7．答案　spent　 解析　考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语修饰minutes, the minutes和spend是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。 8．答案　reasonable　 解析　考查词性转换。此处用形容词形式作定语修饰名词plan。 9．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。这里是泛指，修饰可数名词balance，且challenging的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。 10．答案　fitness　 解析　考查词性转换。句意：事实上，最合适的锻炼要依据一个人的健康水平来设定。“健康水平”为fitness level，此处应用名词fitness修饰level。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$