高中英语核心词汇解析及拓展训练（三）字母C部分 导学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高考英语核心词汇解析及拓展 字母C部分 （按照高考考查的词频排列, 近义词放在一起） 1.charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉；充电；猛冲，进攻n.费用；主管 【用法】 (1) v. charge sb. for sth.　　　　为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事 (2) n. take charge of 掌管/负责…… in charge of 控制/管理…… in the charge of 受……的管理；由……负责 n. free of charge＝for free 免费 【练习】 ①We won’t charge __________ delivery if you pay now. ②The car driver ______________(charge) with exceeding the speeding limit. ③During the period of two weeks, we held a series of activities on our studies and sports, ___________________ students from the English department. 在两周的时间里，我们举办了一系列关于学习和体育的活动，其中一些是由英语系学生负责的。 【典例背诵】 ①In just minutes a day, plug in and charge your iPhone quickly.每天仅用几分钟时间，插上电源，给你的苹果手机快速充电。 ②The town gardens should be open to the public free of charge/for free. 城里的花园应该对公众免费开放。 2 We charged at the enemy.我们向敌人发动进攻。 2. conscious adj.意识到的；有知觉的；有意识的 【典例背诵】 ①She became conscious that everyone was staring at her.她意识到每个人都在注视她。 ②After he became conscious, he remembered having been attacked and hit on the head.醒过来后，他记起被人打了一棍。 3. command n. [C]命令；指令；[U]掌握 vt. 命令；指挥；赢得 【用法】 (1)at one’s command　　　　　　听某人支配 have a (good) command of 掌握；精通(尤指语言) take command of 控制；担任……的指挥 (2)command sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事 command that ...(should) do ... 命令……做…… 【练习】 ①The police commanded the witness______________________ (describe) what had happened the day before. 【典例背诵】 ②I have ______________________________________________I can communicate smoothly with British painting lovers. (such ... that ...) 我的英语口语很好，我能和英国的绘画爱好者顺畅地交流。 ③____________________________________________I can communicate smoothly with British painting lovers. (利用倒装句升级句②) 4.can v.能够，可能；n.金属容器，罐 cannot... too ... 越..越好, ...也不为过 can not but不得不;不由得 【典例背诵】 ①I can not thank you too much.我再怎么感谢你也不为过。 ②You can never be too careful while driving.在你开车的时候，越小心越好。 ③He can not but walk home because his car broke down on the way.他只能步行回家，因为他的车半路抛锚了。 5.case n. 情况；病例；案件；官司；(the case)真相，实情；情况；箱，盒，容器 【用法】 as is often the case 情况常常如此；通常就是这样 in any case 无论如何，不管怎样，总之 in case 假如，免得，以防(万一) in case of 假使，万一 in no case 决不，无论如何 in the case of 就……而言 in some cases 有时 in nine cases out of ten 十之八九，多半 【练习】 ①I took my driving license with me on holiday, ______I wanted to hire a car.我在度假时随身带着驾照，以防自己需要租车。 ②Obviously, we should bear in mind what we are supposed to do first________(以防) an emergency． 显然，我们应该记住，在紧急情况下，我们应该首先做什么。 【典例背诵】 ①As is always the case with language learning, Mandarin learning also asks for lots of practice. 学习普通话需要多多练习，这对语言学习来说是常有的情况。 ②We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice. 我们必须把所学的知识应用到日常工作中去，因为理论与实践绝不能分开。 6.cash n.支票 v.兑现 【用法】 cash on arrival 货到付款 in cash用现金 近currency n.货币cashier n.收银员 【典例背诵】 Excuse me, can I pay in cash or by cheque?请问，兑现或付款？ Before you cash a cheque, make sure it has the correct signature.你兑现支票时,要确认署名正确。 7.comment n. & v.评论 【用法】 comment on/upon对……评论 make comments on/upon对……评论 no comment 无可奉告 【练习】 Don’t make _______ on others’ customs and cultures. No _______ is absolutely just and objective. (comment)不要评论别人的风俗和文化。没有任何评论是绝对公正和客观的。 【典例背诵】 ①It is impolite to make unfavourable comments on a person’s appearance.对他人的外貌做负面评价是不礼貌的。 ②People were always commenting on his size. 人们总是对他的身材品头论足。 ③He commented that this novel was a masterpiece of American literature. 他评论说这部小说是美国文学中的杰作。 8．concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n.担心；关注；担心的事，关切的事 【用法】 (1) show/express concern about/for对……表示关心 (2) concerned adj. 担忧的；关心的；相关的；有关的 be concerned about/for　　担心……；关心…… be concerned with 和…有关 as far as ...be concerned 就……而言；依……之见 (3) concerning prep. 关于；涉及 [名师指津]　concerned作形容词用作前置定语时，意为“关心的；担忧的”；作后置定语时，意为“有关的；相关的”。例如：a concerned look“关切的神色”；the authorities concerned“有关当局”。 【练习】 ①He asked several questions__________ (concern) the future of the company. 他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。 ②You should tell you friend that you ______________________ (关心) him or her. ③It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns_______ increased screen time. 报告指出，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是出于对屏幕时间增加的担忧。 ④Present at the meeting were headmasters of the schools _________ (concern)． 出席会议的是有关学校的校长 【典例背诵】 ①As far as I’m concerned, we must get fully prepared and practice hard in order to perform well in the match. 就我个人而言，为了在比赛中取得好成绩，我们必须充分准备，刻苦训练。 ②Yes, people are starting to be concerned about the environment.  是的，人们开始关注环境。 9．curious adj.好奇的 【用法】 (1) be curious about　　对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 很想做某事 (2) curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心 with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地 out of curiosity 出于好奇 (3) curiously adv. 好奇地 【练习】 ①Opportunity favors those with a __________ (curiosity) mind. ②___________ (curious) gave us all a natural awareness. ③__________ (curious) enough, the same thing happened again a year later exactly. 【典例背诵】 ①Out of curiosity，they tried to take the toy car apart, but in vain. 出于好奇，他们试图把玩具车拆开，但没有成功。 ②Chinese students are curious about the school life of American students. 中国的学生对美国学生的学校生活非常好奇。 答案：1.①for ②was charged ③a few of which were in the charge of 3. ①to describe/(should) describe; ②such a good command of oral English that; Such a good command of oral English do I have that 5. ①in case ② in case of 7. comments comment 8.（1）concerning (2) are concerned about (3)about (4)concerned 9. (1) curious (2) Curiosity (3) Curiously 第二组 (commit, commitment, conclude, congratulate, congratulations, consequence, consist, compose, content) 10.commit vt.犯（错误，罪）；干（坏事，傻事）；使承担义务；承诺，保证 【用法】 (1)commit suicide/murder/a crime自杀/杀人/犯罪 commit to 交付，把…投入；把…置于 commit sth. to 把…交付与… commit oneself 表明自己的态度 commit oneself to do/to doing 承诺/保证做某事 (2)committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 【练习】 ①I had ____________________and there was no turning back. 我已经做出了承诺，没有退路了。 ②The world __________________________establishing a Climate adaptation Fund. 世界各国已经承诺建立一个气候适应基金。 【典例背诵】 ①She didn’t want to commit himself on that matter.他不想对那件事做任何表态。 ②The government committed itself to reduce/reducing taxes.政府已经承诺减税。 11.commitment n.承诺，保证；投入，奉献；责任，义务 【用法】 take on commitments 承担义务 make a commitment to 承诺；投入；献身于 【典例背诵】 ①She doesn’t want to make a commitment to Steve at the moment. 她现在还不想对史蒂夫做出承诺。 ②Her commitment to work is beyond question.他的敬业精神不容置疑。 12. conclude v. 推断出，断定；完成，结束192. conclusion  n．结论；结束 【用法】 conclude ...with... 以……结束…… conclude that ... 结论是…… to conclude 最后 draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出结论 make a conclusion 下结论 in conclusion 总之；最后 【练习】 ① He concluded his speech _______ a famous saying, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” ②(2019全国卷III书面表达) _______________, _______________________________________________ the Chinese classical music concert. 总之，我相信你会从中国古典音乐会获益良多。 【典例背诵】 ①When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points. 小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要用几条要点来结束它。 ②From these facts we can draw some conclusions about how the pyramids were built. 从这些事实我们可以得出一些关于金字塔是如何建造的结论。 ③To conclude, the discussion arrived at a incomplete conclusion, which didn’t include all situations. 最后，讨论得出了一个不完整的结论，并没有包括所有的情况。 13. congratulate v. 祝贺，向…道喜 【用法】 congratulate sb. on/upon(doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人祝贺 congratulate oneself on sth. 为某事庆幸/感到自豪 【练习】 (2019·天津高考)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him ____ his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. 【典例背诵】 Congratulate you on making great progress in learning Chinese. 祝贺你在学习汉语方面取得巨大进步。 14.congratulations (常用复数) n.祝贺 【练习】 I’d like to offer my ____________ (congratulate) to you on your passing the driving test. 15. consequence n. 结果；重要性 【用法】 (1) as a consequence/ in consequence=as a result 因此 as s a consequence of=as a result of由于 of little/ no consequence 不重要的，无足轻重的 (2) consequently 因此，结果 【典例背诵】 ①Don’t worry. It’s of no consequence. 别担心，这无关紧要。 ②He ended up developing the lung cancer as a consequence of smoking heavily. 由于吸烟太多他最终得了肺癌。 16. consist vi.由…组成；在于；符合 【用法】 (1 )consist of/ be made up of/ be composed of　由……组成 consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于 consist with 与……一致/相符 (2)consist of不能用于被动语态和进行时态 【练习】 ①The company ______________ (consist) of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis. The company _________(make) up of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis. ②Success consists ________ the ability to continue efforts through failures. 17. compose vt. 构成；写作；vi. 组成；创作(乐曲，诗歌等) composition n. 【典例背诵】 ①Ten men compose the committee./ The committee is composed of ten men. 委员会由十人组成。 ②He started composing music when he was five. 他五岁时开始创作音乐。 18. content adj.满足的；满意的 n.满足；内容；目录；所含之物 vt.使满足 【用法】 (1)feel/be content with=be satisfied with=be pleased with　　　　对……感到满足/满意 be content to do sth. 满足于做某事 (2)content sb./oneself with sth. 使某人满足于某事 【典例背诵】 ①He tipped the contents of the bag onto the table.  他把提包里的东西倒在桌子上。 ②We shouldn’t be content with such a small achievement. 我们不应该满足于这么小的成就。 2 Never content ourselves with book knowledge only.  永远不要只满足于书本知识。 答案10. (1) committed myself (2)has already committed to 12. 答案：.With; In conclusion, I believe that you can benefit a lot from 13. on 14. congratulations 16. ① consisting/made ② in 第三组(contribute, convenience, convey, cover, credit, criterion, crowd) 17. contribute vt.& vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助 【用法】 (1)contribute sth. to ...　把某物捐献给…… contribute to 有助于；捐献；导致；投稿 (2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献；捐款；稿件 make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献 【练习】 ①(2017·江苏高考)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more ________ the Belt and Road construction. ②Your ______________ (contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success. ③In conclusion, everyone should make contributions to _________________ (protect) the environment. 【典例背诵】 ①Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to school. A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper. 许多人给那个可怜的男孩捐款，这有助于他重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投稿到报社。 ②The scientist was rewarded by the government for having made such a great contribution to the country. 这位科学家因对国家做了这么大的贡献而受到奖励。 ③Finally, some good English study websites contribute a lot to my improvement in English. 最后，一些好的英语学习网站也对我的英语水平提高起了很大作用。 18. convenience n.　方便；便利 【用法】 (1)for convenience　　　　　　为方便起见 at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候 a convenience store 一家便利店 (2)convenient adj. 方便的；便利的 It is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人方便做某事 (3)inconvenience n. 不方便；不便 inconvenient adj. 不方便的 【练习】 ①I would be very grateful if you could inform me of your decisions __________ your earliest convenience. ②The secretary arranged a __________ (convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an interview. ③In the past several weeks, many cities in Northern China have been suffering from heavy fogs, causing great __________ (convenient) to people. ④(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达) __________ __________(如果你方便的话), I want to invite you to attend the classic music concert to be held in our school. 【典例背诵】 It’s a great convenience to live here. At my convenience, I can visit some of my favorite museums. Shopping is convenient to/for my wife. It is convenient for my son to go to school, for his school is only two blocks away. 住在这里真方便。我方便时可以去参观我所钟爱的几家博物馆。我妻子购物很方便。我儿子上学也很方便，因为距学校只有两个街区的距离。 19．convey vt.传达；表达；运送 convey ... (to sb.)　　　(向某人)表达/传递/传达…… convey to sb. for ... 因……向某人表达…… convey ... from A to B 把……从A处运到B处 【练习】 ①In this letter, I would like to convey my sincere appreciation __________ you __________ your help. ②Your luggage will be conveyed __________ the airport __________ your hotel. ③They took a more reasonable approach, __________ (convey) to their children how success at school could improve their lives. ④The message __________ (convey) to us here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words. 20.cover vt. 包括；采访，报导；涉及；行走（一段路程）；n. 封面，封皮；盖子；掩蔽物; 【典例背诵】 ①In this area there is snow cover for six months of the year.  这个地区年中有六个月被积雪覆盖。 ②The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.  这本书旨在涵盖城市生活的各个方面。 ③Her face is on the cover of a dozen or more magazines.  她的面孔出现在10多种杂志的封面上。 ④ $100 should cover your expenses.  100元该足够支付你的费用了。 21.credit n. 信用，信誉；[金融] 贷款；学分；信任； ; vt. 相信，信任；赞颂 【典例背诵】 Are you paying in cash or by credit card ?  您付现金还是用信用卡？ 22.criterion n. （批评判断的）标准；准则；规范；准据 pl. criteria 【拓展】phenomenon (pl.) phenomena Practice is the only criterion of truth.  实践是检验真理的唯一标准。 23.crowd n. 人群；观众；（非正式）一伙人；众多; the crowd 民众，大众　　　　　 crowd in upon 回忆等涌上心头，脑海 【典例背诵】 ①The terrorists fired into the crowd at random.  恐怖分子胡乱地向人群开枪。 ②He writes his books for the crowd rather than for specialists. 他的书为大众写而不是为专家写的。 3 Dear memories crowded in upon him. 亲切回忆涌上他的心头。 答案：答案17. ①to ②contribution ③protecting 18. ①at ②convenient ③inconvenience 4 If it is convenient for you, 19.①to for ②from to ③ conveying ④conveyed (convey) 第四组（company, compare, compensate, compete, compromise, concentrate, conduct, confirm, consider, considerate, consistent, construction, consult, contrary） 20. company n.公司；陪伴 【用法】 (1)a theatre company 剧团 (2)at the company of sb. 在某人的陪伴下 (3in company with sb./sth. 与……一起，与……同时 (4)keep sb. company 陪伴某人 (5)accompany v.陪伴，伴随，伴奏 【练习】 ①Judging by the ________(accompany) he kept, Mark must have been a wealthy man. ② (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website __ __ (accompany) by the touching words: “What a blessing this young man was to our family! He was so sweet and kind to do this.” 【典例背诵】 ①I’ll keep you company while you are waiting. 你等待时我会陪着你。 ②The singer was accompanied on the piano by her sister. 女歌手由她姐姐钢琴伴奏。 21. compare v. 比较，对比 【用法】 (1)compare A to/with B把A同B作比较 (2)compare A to B把……比作…… (3)comparable adj.可比较的 【练习】 ①Film has a much shorter history, especially when _________(compare) to such art forms as music and painting. ②When ________(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 【典例背诵】 My own problems seem insignificant compared with other people’s.与别人的问题相比，我自己的问题算不得什么。 22. compensate v.补偿，弥补 【用法】 (1)compensate sb. for sth. 因某事赔偿某人 (2)compensation n.赔偿金，赔偿，补 【练习】 Her layer say she should ___________(compensate) for the suffering she had been caused. 【典例背诵】 Nothing can compensate for the loss of a loved one.失去心爱的人是无法补偿的。 23. compete v. 竞争，对抗，参加比赛 【用法】 (1)compete with/against sb. for sth. 与某人竞争某物 (2)compete in sth. 参加比赛 (3)competition n.竞争 【练习】 There are too many magazines __________(compete) to attract readers. 【典例背诵】 ①Young children will usually compete for their mother’s attention. 小孩子通常都会在母亲面前争宠。 ②He is hoping to compete in the London marathon.他期盼着参加伦敦马拉松比赛。 24. compromise n.&v.妥协，折中 【用法】 (1)make/reach/arrive at/come to a compromise 达成妥协 (2)compromise with sb. on sth. 与某人就某事达成妥协 【练习】 We are not prepared ____________(compromise) on safety standards. 【典例背诵】 Defeat at this stage would compromise their chances of reaching the finals of the competition.在这个阶段的失败会减少他们进入决赛的机会。 25. concentrate v.专注，集中，浓缩 【用法】 (1)concentrate (…) on 全神贯注于 (2)concentration n.专心，集中 【练习】 It may be possible for you _____________(concentrate) on that later on. 【典例背诵】 You must concentrate all your energies on the study of the lessons.你必须集中精力学习功课。 26. conduct v. 实施，进行，指挥，引导，传导n. 行为，举止，管理 【用法】 (1)conduct an experiment 做实验 (2)conduct a meeting主持会议 (3)a person of good conduct品行端正的人 (5)conductor n.指挥，售票员，列车长 【练习】 Finally he _________(conduct) himself far better than expected. 他表现得比预料的要好得多。 【典例背诵】 The negotiations have been conducted in a positive manner. 已积极进行过谈判。 27. confirm v.证明，证实，确认 【用法】 (1)confirm +that/wh- 从句 (2)confirmation n.证实，确认书 (3)confirmed adj.成习惯的，根深蒂固的 【练习】 Once the flight _____________(confirm), you can pay for it. 一旦航班确定，你就可以付款了。 【典例背诵】 It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week. 已经确定会议将于下个星期举行。 28. consider v.考虑，认为，体谅，考虑到 【用法】 (1)consider doing sth考虑做某事 (2)consider sb/sth (to be/as) sth把……视为…… (3)all things considered考虑到所有情况 (4)considerable adj. 相当多的 (5)considering prep. 考虑到，鉴于 (6)consideration n. 仔细考虑，体谅，考虑周到 【练习】 ①___________(consider) his ability and experience, he might have done better. ②To turn your weakness into strength, consider ________(take) hands-on learning or training.要把弱项变为强项，可以考虑参加实践性学习或培训。 【典例背诵】 You do have to consider the feelings of those around you.你的确需要顾及周围人的感受。 29. considerate adj.体贴的，考虑周到的 【用法】 It is considerate of sb to do sth某人做某事真是体贴。 【典例背诵】 It is very considerate of you not to talk aloud while I am reading.在我读书时你不大声说话真是非常贴心。 30. consistent adj.一致的，吻合的 【用法】 (1)be consistent with sth.与……一致/吻合 (2)consist v.与……一致，由……组成 【典例背诵】 ①We must be consistent in applying the rule. 我们在实施这些规则时必须保持一贯性。 ②The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。 31. construction n.建设，建造 【用法】 (1)under construction 在建设中 (2)construct v.建造，建设 【练习】 The railway is under __________(construct) in the course of the Spring Festival. 【典例背诵】 Work has begun on the construction of the new airport. 新机场的修建已经开工。 32. consult v.咨询，请教，商量，查阅 【用法】 (1)consult sb. about sth. 就某事咨询某人 (2)consult with sb. about/on sth. 和某人商量某事 (3)consult a dictionary查词典 【练习】 Have you ___________(consult) your lawyer about this? 【典例背诵】 If you have any questions, you can consult reference books. 如果你有问题可以查阅参考书。 33. contrary adj.相对立的，相反的 【用法】 (1)on the contrary 与此相反 (2)contrary to与……相反 【练习】 Contrary__________ popular belief, many cats dislike milk. 与普遍的看法相反，许多猫不喜欢牛奶。 【典例背诵】 ---It must have been terrible. “那一定很糟糕。” ---On the contrary, I enjoyed every minute. “正相反，我非常喜欢。 答案20. ①company ②accompanied 21.①compared ②comparing 22.be compensated 23.competing 24. to compromise 25. to concentrate 27. conducted 28. is confirmed 29. ①Considering ②taking 31. construction 32. consulted 33. to 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$