高中英语核心词汇解析及拓展训练（二）字母B部分 导学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高考英语核心词汇解析及拓展二 字母B部分 （按照高考考查的词频排列, 近义词放在一起） 第一组（bare, bargain, barrier, beat, bend, beneficial, bent, blank, burden） 1.bare v. bear的过去式 a.无遮蔽的;仅有的;勉强的;最少的 vt.使暴露;使赤裸 【用法】 比较级和最高级 barer; barest  bare one’s soul 袒露心灵 【练习】 1. The rescue workers removed the bricks and stones with bare hands in search of/in their search for any survivor in the earthquake. (翻译) 2. His income is______________ (bare) enough for him to live from hand to mouth 【典例背诵】 1. They would have liked bare wooden floors throughout the house. 他们本想在整个房间的木地板上都不铺地毯的。 2. The room remains simple with bare, stippled green walls. 房间仍然很简朴，四面都是饰有圆点的绿色空墙。 3. The massacre laid bare the moral bankruptcy of the regime. 大屠杀使该政权的道德沦丧暴露无遗。 4. Police believe the killer punched her to death with his bare hands. 警方认为她是被凶手活活用拳头打死的。 5. Their room was bare of furniture and they lived off porridge. 他们家徒四壁，靠喝粥度日。 2.bargain n.协定;廉价货;交易;契约,合同 vi.议价;订约;交易;意料;希望 【用法】 ①bargain with sb. about/over/for sth. 和某人就某物讨价还价 ②make a bargain with sb.和某人达成协议 ③a good/bad bargain买得(不)合算 ④bargained for为…讨价还价 ⑤“go bargain hunting”的意思是 “逢低买货,专找降价商品” 【练习】 (2008·江西高考)We didn’t bargain ____________so many people coming to tea. 我们没有料到会有这么多人来参加茶会。 (2015·全国I听力) It’s a real bargain. Only three hundred and fifty dollars.(翻译) 【典例背诵】 1. If you bargain with them, they will reduce the price 2. We do not like to bargain with you about the prices. 我们不想就价格问题与你讨价还价. 3. They clapped up a bargain. 他们匆忙成交了. 3. barrier n. 〖C〗 障碍（物）；屏障；栅栏；关口；关卡；检票口 【用法】 (1) language/trade barriers 语言障碍/贸易障碍 (2) a barrier to success 成功的障碍 (3) put (up) a barrier across the road 在路上设一个关卡 (4) pass through a barrier 通过栅栏（检票口） 【练习】 ①Carbon dioxide, _________________________________ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer. （湖北高考）二氧化碳是我们和太阳之间的一道屏障，它使地球上的热量不容易释放出大气层，于是地球就变得越来越暖和。 ② Crowds ________________________________ and ran into the pitch. 人群冲破围栏跑进球场。 【典例背诵】 1 He advocated the removal of trade barriers. 他提倡消除贸易壁垒。 2 There are still many more barriers that need to be overcome. 仍有许许多多的障碍需要克服。 4. beat vt./ vi.（连续的）打；敲打； vt. 殴打；打败；战胜；超过；vi. （心脏等）跳动 n. 敲击声；节拍；（心脏等）跳动 【用法】 (1) beat sb. black and blue 把某人打得青一块紫一块 (2) beat a record 打破纪录 (3) beat seconds 记秒 (4) beat time 打拍子 (5) beat the pants off sb. 把某人大的落花流水 【练习】 1 Waves ___________________ the rocks. 波浪拍打着岩石。 ②You ______________________ in the race, but I’ll beat you at tennis. 赛跑我输你，但打网球我将赢你。 ③He could feel his heart ________________________. 因为害怕，他能感到心脏在砰砰乱跳。 【典例背诵】 ① The rain is beating against the window. 雨点在拍打着窗户。 2 The beat of the song makes you want to dance. 歌曲的节奏让人想跳舞。 5.bend vt./vi. 弯曲；弯腰；使呈弧形 n. 弯道；（河流的）转弯处 【用法】 （1）bend ...to one’s will 使……屈从于某人意志 （2）bend the truth 扭曲事实 （3）a sharp bend in the road/river 道路/河流的急转弯 【练习】 1 The road ___________________________ and then goes straight. 这条道路左转之后便笔直向前。 2 Try to ___________________ and touch your toes without ________________________________. 试着不屈膝而弯腰触碰脚趾。 【典例背诵】 ① He bent over to tie his shoes. 他弯腰系鞋带。 2 He try to bend his daughter to his wishes. 他想办法使女儿顺从他的愿望。 6.beneficial adj. 有益处的；有益的；有帮助的 【用法】 （1）be beneficial to 对……有益 （2）benefit vt. 有益于 vi. 得到好处；获益 n. 益处；利益；帮助 （3）benefit from 从……获益 （4）be of benefit to(=be beneficial to/benefit) 对……有益 (5) for the benefit of sb.=for sb.’s benefit 为某人的利益；为了帮助某人 【练习】 ①Keep it in mind, and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and ____________________ it. 记住它，逐渐地我们就可以养成这种好的学习习惯并且从中获益。 ②The new regulation will ___________________________ all the students. 新规定对所有学生都有好处。 ③Reading widely and regularly will _________________________ your English. 广泛而有规律地阅读对你英语有好处。 【典例背诵】 Reading benefits you. Besides, you can benefit from speaking. In addition, listening is of benefit to you，too. Finally, writing is beneficial to you. All in all, for your benefit, you should do all the four above. 阅读对你有好处。此外，你可以从说话中受益。还有，倾听对你也有好处。最后，写作对你是有益的。总之，为了你的利益，你应该做到以上四件事。 7.bent adj. 弯曲的；驼背的；专心的；决心的 n. 爱好；倾向 【用法】 (1) be bent on doing sth. 下决心干某事 (2) to/at the top of one’s bent 尽心；尽力；尽量 (3) follow one’s bent 随自己之所好 【练习】 ① The girls _______________________ going to the bench this weekend. 女孩们已经决定这个周末去海滩。 ② He has ________________________ painting. 他爱好绘画。 【典例背诵】 1 Grandfather is bent with age. 祖父因年老而弯腰驼背。 ② She has a natural bent for music. 她天生爱好音乐。 8.blank n. 〖C〗 空白处；空白；空白表格 adj. 空白的；茫然的 【用法】 (1) fill in the blanks 填空 (2) a blank in one’s memory 记忆中的空白 (3) a blank check 空头支票 (4) a blank sheet of paper 一张白纸 (5) a blank look 茫然的神色 (6) an application blank 申请表 【练习】 1 The professor could tell by ______________________ in Maria’s eyes that she didn’t understand a single word of his lecture. （浙江高考） 教授从玛丽眼里空洞的眼神可以看出她根本听不懂他的演讲。 2 When you’ve ____________________________, hand the form back to me. 你填好表格以后把它交还给我。 【典例背诵】 ① My heart began to race and my mind went blank. 我心跳开始加快，脑子里一片空白。 2 He has passed another blank day. 他又度过了空白的/无意义的一天。 9.burden n. 〖C〗（精神上的）重担；负担；烦恼；责任 vt. 加负担于……；使负重 【用法】 （1） bear/carry/ reduce the burden 承受/负担/减少重担 （2） be burdened by 承受……的负担；使……困扰 【练习】 1 I don’t like _____________________________ other people. 我不想成为别人的负担。 ② We decided not to __________________________ the news. 我们决定不拿这个消息去烦他。 【典例背诵】 ①The boy was a burden to/on his family. 那个男孩是家里的负担。 ②I don’t want to burden her with my trouble. 我不想以我的烦恼来加重他的负担。 答案：1. 【答案】①救援人员徒手搬开砖块和石头，搜寻地震中的幸存者。 ②barely 2. 【答案】：①for. ②真的很便宜，只需要350美元。 3.【答案】：① which makes a barrier ② burst through the barriers 4.【答案】：① are beating ② beat me ③ beating with fear 5.【答案】：① bends to the left ② bend down; bending your knees 6.【答案】：① benefit from ② be of benefit to ③be beneficial to 7.【答案】：①are bent on ② a bent for 8.【答案】：① the blank look ② filled in the blanks 9.【答案】：① being a burden on ② burden him with 第二组（burst, belong, benefit, block, bury） 10. burst v.(使)破裂；(使)爆炸；突然出现 n.爆炸；迸发，突发 【用法】 (1) burst in 闯入；插嘴；突然出现 burst into 闯入；突然 burst into tears/ laughter突然大笑/大哭 burst into cheers欢呼起来 burst out大声喊叫；突然------起来 burst into laughter=burst out laughing (2) a burst of energy/anger 能量/怒火的迸发 a burst of laughter一阵大笑 the burst of a bomb炸弹爆炸 【练习】 ①(湖南高考) His anger would_____ ____ when things didn’t go as he’d expected. 当事情不像他所希望的那样时，他就会发怒。 【典例背诵】 1 The sun burst through the clouds.太阳突然从云缝李钻了出来。 2 The police burst into the room.警察突然闯进了房间。 3 When he reached the final line, everyone burst out laughing.当他说到最后一句的时候，大家都哄堂大笑起来。 11. belong v. 属于；为……的一员 (1)belong to表示“是……的财产；是……的组成部分；是……的成员(属于)”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态。 (2)belongings n．财产；所有物；相关事物 a sense of belonging 归属感 【练习】 ①In my opinion, you’d better put the book _____________ it belongs. ②Having sold most of his ____________ (belong), he almost had nothing left in the house. 【典例背诵】 ①Lions belong to the cat family. 狮属于猫科。 ②His novels belong to a great but vanished age. They are, in short, old-fashioned.  他的小说属于一个辉煌但已逝去的时代。一句话，已经过时了。 12.benefit n．好处；利益；优势vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益 (1)benefit from/by ...　从……中受益；得益于…… (2)for the benefit of 为了……的利益 (3)beneficial adj. 有益的；有利的 对……有益；有益于(to为介词) 【练习】 ①A large number of students will benefit _________ the new teaching method. ②It was ________ the benefit of your company that we did that. ③Although a sudden change can be a bad thing, it might often be ____________ (benefit) in the long run. 【典例背诵】 ① Proper exercise will be of benefit to your health. 适度的运动有益于你的身体健康。 ② We want him to get maximum benefit from the course. 我们希望他能从这门课程中获得最大的利益。 13. block n．块；街区；障碍物；栋；座；幢vt.阻挡；阻塞；限制；封盖 (1) a block of ice/rock 一块冰、岩石 an office/apartment block 一座办公/公寓楼 （2）a traffic block 交通阻塞 a memory block 记忆障碍 【练习】 ①The store is three _________ away. ② They were _________ from joining the club. 14. bury vt. 埋葬，埋藏，掩藏，遮盖 be buried in/bury oneself in 专心致志，埋头于 【练习】 ① As you know, I’m still _______ in books at the school you are so familiar with. ② He buried his face _____ his hands and wept. 【典例背诵】 ③The old poet buried himself in the country and was buried in reading. 老诗人隐居在乡间，埋头读书。 3 There’s supposed to be treasure buried around here. 据推测这一带埋着宝藏。 【答案】： 10. ① burst out 11.where/to which; belongings 12. from; for; beneficial 13. blocks; blocked 14. buried; in 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$