Unit 2 语法精讲精练综合讲义 - 2024-2025学年牛津译林版九年级英语上册

九上Unit 2 that、if或whether引导的宾语从句 一、基本定义 1. 宾语；动词或介词后面的名词或代词 I watch TV. 名词 Tom’s mother looks at him angrily. 代词 2.宾语从句：在宾语的位置上放一个完整的句子 Millie believes her brother. Millie believes that her brother will be a teacher soon. →说出2个句子的宾语。 第一个句子的宾语是 ___________，第二个句子的宾语是_______________,其中_______________叫主句，_______________是从句。 →说出下面3个句子的主句和从句。 A. He knows that he is good at playing football. B. Millie asked if /whether they had been to the USA. C. The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 总结：_______________是主句，剩下的由___________引导的是宾语从句。 二、宾语从句的三要素 （一）引导词（连接词） 在主句和从句之间有一个引导词，从句构成: “引导词+主语+谓语+其他”。 I hope that your dreams will come true one day. 主句 ↓ 从句 连接词 · that引导的宾语从句 1.that引导的宾语从句，由陈述句转化而来，表示陈述一件事情。 Peter says ,“I am watching TV.” →Peter says（that）he is watching TV. 2.that只起连接作用，不作句子成分，其本身也没有意义，有时可以省略。如： He told me(that) he could look after himself．他告诉我他自己照顾自己。 3.that引导的宾语从句，主句的谓语动词可以是hope，know，believe, think等；也可用于主句形容词之后，如：happy，sure，afraid，sorry等。如： Amy thinks that she can go to the park tomorrow． Amy认为她明天能去公园。 I am happy that you can write a letter to me every week. 我很高兴你能每周写信给我。 ★that不能省略的情况： 当主句后有两个宾语从句时，第二个宾语从句that不能省略 He says (that) green represents nature and that it can make you feel energetic. 【练习】Textbook P26 · if或whether引导的宾语从句 1.if或whether可引导宾语从句，从句的意义相当于一个一般疑问句。如： “Are you from China?” she asked me. →She asked me if/whether I was from China. 她问我是不是来自中国。 2.连词if和whether在从句中不作成分，在从句中有意义，意为“是否”，口语中多用if如： Bob wonders if/whether his cousin will play with him next Sunday． Bob 想知道他的堂弟下周日能否和他一起玩。 ★3. if 和 whether 引导宾语从句时，一般可以互换，但下列情况只能用 whether，不能用if： (1)当与or not连用时 I don' t know whether Tom is good at drawing or not.我不知道Tom是否擅长画画。 (2)与动词不定式to do连用时， They haven' t decided whether to leave.他们还没有决定是否离开。 (3)在介词后常用 whether, It depends on whether it will be rainy. 这取决于是不是雨天。 ★4.if 引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句的区分 是否 宾语从句 时态：根据题意 If 如果 条件状语从句 时态：主将从现 我们不知道明天是否晴天。如果不是晴天，我们就不出去了。 We don' t know if it will be sunny this Sunday . If it isn’t sunny , we won' t go out. ↓ ↓ ↓ 是否 如果 主将从现 【练习】 1.— I am not sure you eat fruits every day. — I know they do good to my health, so I eat them every day. A.if ; that B.if; if C. that; that D. that ; if 2. ----I don't know they have done their homework. ----Of course. A. what B. when C.if D. where 3.Amy says they will go to Japan next Sunday. 　A. that B.when C. which D. who 4. When Bob arrived there , he knew he should begin a new life. A.if B. whether C.which D. that 5. He said______ she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk. A. that B. if C. whether D. what 6. —Jenny, I’m not sure ________ the medicine works. You need to try. —It does. I feel a lot better now. A. why B. that C. whether D. where 7. I don't know if Mum________ this night. If she _________, I will call you. A.will come back; will come back B. comes back; comes back C. will come back; comes back D. comes back; will come back 8. .—Will you buy this scarf for Mum ?—I have no idea. I don't know _______the colour matches her new hat . A.that B . which C .why D. if （二）语序 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即形式为：主语+谓语。 1. Tom wants to know... + Will Millie go or not? Tom wants to know whether Millie will go or not. 2. Tom wants to know... + Is it raining now? Tom wants to know if it is raining now. 【练习】 Textbook P27 B1 （三）时态 宾语从句的时态和主句的时态有关。 1.若主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态可以是所需的任何时态。（需要性原则） ①Amy说她已经完成作业了。 Amy says (that) she (finish)his homework. ②Tom说他的妈妈正在阅读。 Tom says(that) his mother (read)now. 3. 若主句是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态是过去的某种时态。（呼应性原则） （一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时） ①他说他们暑假将去英国。 He said they (go)to the UK for summer holiday. ②她不知道他们是否去过公园了。 She didn’t know if they (be) to the park. ③ Daniel不确定外面是否在下雪。 Daniel wasn’t sure if it __________________ (rain) outside. ④ Kitty很开心她每天骑自行车上学。 Kitty was glad that she ______________ (ride) a bike to school. ★3.从句的内容是客观真理或不可改变的自然现象等，即使主句用过去时态，从句也要用一般现在时。（特殊性原则） ①我妈妈告诉我太阳从东方升起。 My mother told me that the sun (rise) in the east. ②老师说光比声音传播得快。 The teacher said light (travel) faster than sound. 主句 从句 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在时 根据题意 (do/does am/is/are) (did was/were) 现在进行时 过去进行时 (am/is/are doing) (was/were doing) 一般将来时 过去将来时 过去时 过去的某个时态 (will do) (would do) 现在完成时 过去完成时 （have done） （had done） 一般现在时 客观真理或事实 【练习】 1.Ella said that she ___ to Jiangsu. A.had never been B.has never been C. had never gone D. has never gone 2.The students asked if they some books and pens with them. 　A. takes B.will take C.took D. take 3.The girls want to know whether they dictation(听写)this afternoon. 　A. has B. have C. will have D. had 4.Simon knew the moon round the earth. A. has travelled B. travelled C. had travelled D. travels 5.She asked Cindy if go and get some. A.could she B. she could C. she may D. she can 6. Mr Wu told us the sun in the east. A. rose 　 B. rises 　 C. rise　 D. had risen 7.—What did David say?— He said ____________________. A. the weather is fine B. what color was it C. summer comes after spring D. if you are free the next week Textbook P 28 B2&B3 将下列句子改为含宾语从句的复合句。 1. The moon moves round the earth. My sister told me. My sister told me _______________ the moon__________________ round the earth. 2. He can’t work out the problem. I think.  I __________ ___________ ____________  ___________ work out the problem. 3.“ Does the girl need any help?” He asked me. He asked me ________________ the girl_______________ any help. 4.Can they speak French? I’m not sure. I’m not sure_____________ they__________ ___________French. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$