Unit 2 Sports Culture Grammar and usage 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版（2020）选择性必修第二册

徐州市贾汪区英华实验学校 第2课 第5课时 总第8课时 编写人：英语组 制作日期：9月20 Unit2 Sports culture(Grammar) 班级： 姓名： 得分： 授课时间 第一周 第四节课 授课时数 1学时[来源:X 教学课型 新授课☑ 习题课□ 试卷讲评课□ 复习课□ 其它□ 学习目标 1. Students can identify the use of the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses. 2. Students can work out the rules of the passive voice in the past continuous and perfect tenses. 3. Students can use the right tenses to finish related tasks. 教学重点 Students can work out the rules of the passive voice in the past continuous and perfect tenses. 教学难点 Students can use the right tenses to finish related tasks. 【预学案】----“凡事预则立不预则废” 学法指导：Read the passage and perceive the rules of grammar. For the previous weeks，Cathy and I ①had been trained on how to be a volunteer for the half-marathon.Finally came the big day.By the time we，together with other volunteers，arrived at 4∶30 am，tables ②had been placed on both sides of the road.Bottles of water and paper cups ③were being carried to different tables，so Cathy and I immediately went to help.After all preparations ④had been made，the exciting half-marathon began.As the tired and thirsty runners ran along，they ⑤were being excitedly cheered on.And we volunteers immediately poured water into cups for them or handed towels to them.Tired and wet with sweat as we were，we felt more than happy to be helpful to others. 【自主发现】 以上短文中①，②和④加粗部分使用了___________时的 __________ 语态，表示在过去的某一时间之前已经被完成的动作，其构成是 _______________ ；③和⑤加粗部分使用了_____________时的_____________语态，表示过去的某一特定时间某事 _____________，其构成是____________________________。 【探究案】----学始于疑，我思故我在 学法指导：Explore the differences of Verb-ing and Verb-ed forms as predicatives,and then translate the sentences. 一、过去进行时的被动语态 1.概念： 表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动性的动作。过去进行时的被动语态构成：was/were＋being＋done。 They were planting trees at this time yesterday.(主动语态) Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday.(过去进行时被动语态) 2.构成： (1)过去进行时的被动语态的肯定式为：was/were＋being＋done。 Another bridge was being constructed over the Yellow River then. 那时黄河上正在建设另一座大桥。 (2)过去进行时的被动语态的否定式为：was/were＋not＋being＋done。 The advertisement wasn’t being broadcast at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候没有播放这条广告。 (3)过去进行时的被动语态的一般疑问句为： Was/Were＋主语＋being＋done...？(回答用yes或no) Were the witnesses being questioned by the police when you got there last night? 昨天晚上你到那儿的时候，目击者正在接受警方的询问吗？ (4)过去进行时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋being＋done...? What was being done to the machine then? 那时正对这台机器采取什么措施？ 3.常见用法： 过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。常用的时间状语有then，this time last year，at that time等。 He was being interviewed by our director yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午他正在接受我们经理的面试。 二、过去完成时的被动语态 1.概念：表示动作在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成，且主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系。 2.构成： (1)肯定句：主语＋had been＋动词的过去分词＋其他。 He had been trapped in the burning house for nearly two hours before the firefighters came to his rescue.在消防员来营救他之前，他已经被困在着火的房子里将近两个小时 (2)否定句：主语＋hadn’t been＋动词的过去分词＋其他。 The injured were disappointed that the ambulance hadn’t been sent to the scene of the accident yet.救护车还没有被派往事故现场，伤员们很失望。 (3)一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋been＋动词的过去分词＋其他？ Had all the tickets been sold out by the time they got there？ 在他们到达那里之前，所有的票已经被卖完了吗？ (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋(主语＋) been＋动词的过去分词＋其他？ What preventative measures had been taken before the earthquake took place？在这次地震发生之前，采取了什么样的防御性措施？ 3.常见用法： 过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。 (1)用在told，said，knew，thought 等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完。 The salesman came back and told us that the books had already been sold out.销售员折返回来告诉我们书已经被卖完了。 (2)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与by the time，before等引导的时间状语从句连用。 By the time we got there，he had been persuaded to give up his impractical plan. 我们到那里时，他已经被说服放弃了他不切实际的计划。 The false news report had been broadcast before the journalist discovered the truth. 在记者发现真相之前，这条假新闻已经被播报了。 (3)表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for，since引导的时间状语连用。 It was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks. 据报道，这场展销会已经做了好几个星期的广告了。 (4)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 He had to leave his house for the reason that it had been flooded. 他只好离开他的房子，因为他的房子已经被淹了。 3.过去完成时的被动语态在固定句型中的运用 过去完成时的被动语态所适用的句型与过去完成时所适用的句型基本一致。 (1)在 It was the first/second/...time that...句型中，从句的主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 It was the second time that the channel had been accusedr of reporting false news.这是第二次这个频道被指控播放假新闻。 (2)用在Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely...when...和No sooner...than...句型中，表示“一……就……”。 Hardly had the work been finished when the rain poured down. ＝No sooner had the work been finished than the rain poured down. 刚做完工作，雨就倾盆而下。 (3)在“It was＋一段时间＋since...”句型中，从句的主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 It was almost ten years since a documentary had been made to retell the history of the Forbidden City in detail.自从一部纪录片被制作来详细讲述紫禁城的历史以来，已经快十年了。 过去进行时的被动语态与过去完成时的被动语态的区别 过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，如要表达这种情况，需要用过去完成时的被动语态。 People were concerned about the case that was being investigated twice by the police.(　×　) People were concerned about the case that had been investigated twice by the police.(　√　) The man risked his life rescuing the child who was being trapped in the mountain for two days.(　×　) The man risked his life rescuing the child who had been trapped in the mountain for two days.(　√　) 【训练案】 （独立闭卷，用时：10分钟） 用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①Five new buildings _____________ (build) by the end of last year. ②How many buildings _________________ (destroy) when the hurricane ended? ③The manager _____________________ (interview) by a reporter so I didn’t come in. ④It was the first time that the paintings __________________(display) in the US. ⑤The media reported more than 1,000 people ______________ (kill) in the earthquake. ⑥The boy _________________(scold) by his father when his mother came back. ⑦It was reported that more than ten criminals ________________ (arrest) by the police already. ⑧I couldn’t use the computer just now because it _______________ (use) by my brother at that time. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$